#diarthrodial

[drjatinderjuneja]

Rheumatoid Arthritis Affecting Your Movement?

What is it

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic and degenerative disease that is characterized by causing inflammation of the synovial membrane (membrane that nourishes, protects and covers the cartilage) of the joints and surrounding tissues. Sometimes arthritis can have an extra-articular behavior and damage organs and systems such as the heart, kidney and lung. For this reason, rheumatologist in Delhi describe it as a systemic disease.

The inflammation of this membrane is responsible for the pain, the clearly visible swelling, the sensation of stiffness that patients can feel in the mornings and the loss of joint mobility.

According to the best rheumatologist in Delhi, it affects joints more intensely than others, mainly the more mobile ones such as the hands and feet, the elbows, the shoulders, the hips, the knees and the ankles. There are some that are never affected.

If the swelling remains in a sustained and not controlled can end up damaging the bones, the ligaments and the tendons there around the joint. This can cause a progressive deformity of the joints and the loss of the ability to perform daily movements and tasks. All this affects the quality of life of patients, says top rheumatologist in Delhi.

Incidence

According to arthritis specialist in Delhi, it is estimated that worldwide this pathology affects between 0.5 and 0.8 percent of the population, that is, approximately five people per thousand worldwide. However, there are still many people who are not diagnosed.

According to arthritis doctor in Delhi, in India there are more than 1,000,000 people with rheumatoid arthritis and each year 20,000 new cases are diagnosed. "This is a remarkable figure because rheumatoid arthritis is the most disabling of rheumatic diseases," best arthritis specialist in Delhi explains.

Its incidence is greater in women than in men. In fact, for every 3 diagnoses in women, only one is performed in men. Although it can affect any person and appear at any age, it usually manifests itself more frequently in women from 30 to 50 years old.

Within the same geographical area there is a tendency to greater occurrence in urban versus rural areas.

Causes

The cause of the onset of this disease is unknown. Infectious agents such as bacteria or viruses have been studied and, although suggestive data have been found in some cases, there is still no evidence to confirm their involvement.

Rheumatologist in Delhi believes that it may have a genetic origin since the immune system attacks the joints because they do not recognize them as their own and therefore become inflamed. What is known as autoimmune disease. Likewise, it is believed that certain proteins that are transmitted in a hereditary way could predispose to the disease.

The differences in the frequency of the disease make the arthritis specialist in Delhi also suggests that there are environmental factors that intervene in the onset of the disease.

Symptom

As indicated by the best rheumatologist in Delhi, the disease begins slowly and insidiously with general manifestations that present other diseases, such as fever or asthenia.

However, the main symptom of this disease is the involvement of the diarthrodial joints. Initially there is an inflammation that is noticeable to the naked eye and causes pain in the individual who suffers. Along with inflammation, other manifestations may appear, such as increased volume, stiffness after night time rest that gradually disappears as the patient exercises daily activity, muscle weakness and limited mobility.

Also, hard lumps (rheumatoid nodules) may appear in areas of skin friction such as the elbows, the back of the fingers and toes, which can also be located inside the body.

If the disease is at an advanced stage, the patient may have some deformity due to the progressive deterioration of the affected joints. In addition, it can evolve and affect vital organs such as the kidney or lung.

It often causes dryness of the skin and mucous membranes. This causes inflammation and subsequent atrophy of the glands that generate tears, saliva, digestive juices or vaginal discharge (Sjögren's syndrome).

It can also cause some fever and, sometimes, inflammation of the blood vessels (vasculitis), which causes nerve injuries or sores on the legs (ulcers). Other symptoms are inflammation of the membranes lining the lungs (pleuritis) or the envelope of the heart (pericarditis), or inflammation and scarring of the lungs can cause chest pain, difficulty breathing and abnormal heart function.

"In the long term, the consequences of the disease left to its evolution are the limitation and incapacity for the realization, initially, of the work activities and, later, of the daily life of the subject who suffers it.

Prevention

Currently there is no measure to help prevent the onset of rheumatoid arthritis. However, Joint pain specialist in Delhi recommends regular physical activity to promote the use of all joints.

In addition, once rheumatoid arthritis has been diagnosed, they recommend following arthritis treatment in Delhi appropriately to prevent the progression of the disease.

Diagnosis

Although there are no specific tests, the diagnosis of this pathology is relatively simple if the patient goes to the rheumatologist on suspicion of having some of the symptoms already described.

If the disease is in an initial phase, the diagnosis can be more complicated since all the symptoms may not appear in the laboratory tests, since the assessment of the disease is mainly clinical. "It is done in the presence of a series of signs and symptoms in the joints in the form of polyarthritis (arthritis of multiple joints) of symmetrical nature), chronic course (more than 6 weeks) and with practically constant involvement of hand joints", specify by top rheumatologist in Delhi.

The problem in diagnosing it is that there are other rheumatic diseases, such as lupus or psoriatic arthritis that in the early stages can be confused with rheumatoid arthritis.

During the evaluation, the rheumatologist in Delhi can perform a series of complementary examinations to facilitate the diagnosis:

Blood test.

Rheumatoid factor tests.

Test to detect antibodies against citrullinated peptides. These antibodies are present in two thirds of patients with this condition.

X-rays to detect the presence of erosions.

Treatments

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic disease that currently has no treatment to cure the disease. However, pharmacological therapies and treatment strategies are very effective and allow good control of the disease.

The best arthritis treatment in Delhi includes two types of drugs: those used to relieve pain (anti-inflammatories and corticosteroids), and those that serve to modify the disease in the long term. The latter can be effective weeks or even months after treatment. They are not effective in one hundred percent of patients, according to arthritis specialist in Delhi, so the doctor usually prescribes several sequentially to find one that is more effective and better tolerated by the patient.

The mainstay of the therapy is the antirheumatic drugs that modify the disease (Fames). Among them, the most used is methotrexate. Other drugs would be sulfasalazine, leflunomide or gold salts (now disused).

According to the arthritis doctor in Delhi, the early prescription of these treatments is essential to reduce to the maximum the joint inflammation and the progression of the disease.

In cases where the Fames do not work properly, the joint pain specialist in Delhi treats the pathology with biological therapies. These are drugs designed with complex formulas that include the TNF antagonists (etanercept, adalimumab and infliximab), abatacept and rituximab. These drugs have been shown to be very effective in improving pain and inflammation and in preventing joint destruction.

Both biological therapies and Fames can have side effects, but in general they are quite safe and patients tolerate them well.

If the disease is very advanced, the patient may need surgery.

Other data

Relationship with tobacco

Numerous studies have shown that there is an association between tobacco consumption and the development of the disease. However, best arthritis specialist in Delhi indicates that the causal relationship between smoking and the development of pathology is complex.

On the other hand, studies have also shown that patients who smoke suffer from the disease more severely than those who are not smokers.

Forecast

The prognosis of the disease is very variable, since in some cases there are benign diseases that can be controlled with a simple treatment and others in which the disease evolves very quickly and the prognosis is fatal in a short time.

If joint pain treatment in Delhi is not done properly, it is usual for the disease to evolve towards irreversible joint destruction with a deterioration of the important lung capacity. This prognosis varies if it is approached with the optimal treatment.

In addition, there are risk factors that worsen the prognosis: the onset of the disease at young ages, smoking, the existence of citrullinated antiprotein antibodies or rheumatoid factor or the involvement of other organs, for example.

Living with the disease

The first step that a person diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis should take to adapt to their illness is to avoid a hectic life, sudden movements and try to sleep an average of 10 hours.

In addition, it is advisable that these patients avoid those jobs that require intense physical exercise. During the workday, they should maintain a straight position in the seat and avoid remaining with the neck or back flexed for a long time. Also, during the rest it is convenient to maintain a proper posture, avoid bending the joints and keep the arms and legs stretched.

Regarding footwear, arthritis specialist in Delhi advises that it be elastic, firm and leather. The heel should be attached, the wide toe and the instep high enough so that chafing does not occur.

The obesity can cause an overload on joints, therefore, try to lead a healthy and balanced diet and avoid gaining weight.

[celluloyd]

Tissus conjonctifs denses fibreux

Les tissus conjonctifs communs denses fibreux contiennent majoritairement des fibres de collagène, en plus de la substance fondamentale et de cellules. On les classe selon l'orientation de leurs fibres en uni- ou multitendus.

Les conjonctifs denses unitendus ont les fibres dirigées en une direction : on les retrouve dans les tendons ou les capsules des diarthroses. Les conjonctifs multitendus ont les fibres dirigées dans plus d'une direction : ils sont dits bitendus lorsqu'elles sont dirigées dans deux directions comme dans les aponévroses (les gaines des muscles), et dits multitendus lorsqu'elles sont dirigées dans plus de deux directions comme dans le centre phrénique du diaphragme.

Sources illustrations : fig.299 Diagrammatic section of a diarthrodial joint / fig.411 Deep muscles of the chest and front of the arm, with the boundaries of the axilla / fig.391 The diaphragm, under surface par Henry Vandyke Carter pour le Gray's Anatomy

Ces schémas ont été faits pour mes ED du Tutorat à partir des cours que j'ai retranscrit quand j'étais en première année de médecine. Ma seule source est le professeur de l'époque, et je peux avoir mal compris certaines choses, faire des approximations fausses, etc même si je fais de mon mieux. Croiser les sources permet d'avoir des informations plus fiables. N'hésitez pas à commenter pour discuter des sujets abordés ! Schémas et explications faits entre 2015 et 2016.

[freewhispersmaker]

Chapter 12 – Introduction to Anatomy, Positioning and Pathology

The study of diseases that cause abnormal changes in the structure or function of body tissues and organs is called:

Which of the following is not an example of tissue? 1. Neuron2. Muscle3. Skin4. Stomach

Bone tissue that has a “honeycomb”, or trabecular structure is called: Cancellous tissue

The elbow joint is an example of a(n): Diarthrodial joint

When a limb is moved toward the central part of…

[maestings]

Diarthrodial joints and drug dosage refresher, so glad I didn't have to work late tonight! I'm a supervisor at my part time job, and I'm in nursing school. I finished my corequisites before I applied to the program so I really don't have to worry about non-nursing classes right now. I get up at 0500 every morning, and struggle to be in bed by 2300. I walk my dogs, workout, go to class, go to work, go home and repeat. I study whenever I can MAKE time. I am tired. Nursing school owns me. To those of you out there working a full time job, and doing a nursing program at the same time (or any school full time) I applaud you. I am in awe of you, and I aspire to be more like you.

[digitalworldhub-blog]

Why Cracking Your Knuckles Noisy

Why Cracking Your Knuckles Noisy To understand this theory. when you 'crack' your knuckles or any other joint, first you need a little background about the nature of the joints of the body #DWH #digitalworldhub

Why Cracking Your Knuckles Noisy? What Makes The Sound?

To understand this theory. when you ‘crack’ your knuckles or any other joint, first you need a little background about the nature of the joints of the body. As the joints, we generally pop are the diarthrodial joints. These joints are the most typical joints. This joints They consist of two bones that contact each other at their cartilage…

[celluloyd]

Types de collagènes

Le collagène est un élément fibreux de la matrice extra-cellulaire, formé par la polymérisation de tropocollagène synthétisé par les cellules des tissus.

Le collagène de type I est fait de grosses fibres, qu'on retrouve dans la peau, les os et les tendons ce qui en fait le collagène le plus courant du corps humain. Le collagène de type II est fait de fibres qu'on retrouve dans les cartilages essentiellement, mais aussi dans le corps vitré des yeux.

Le collagène de type III, aussi appelé collagène réticulaire ou fibres de réticulines, est systématiquement classé à part. Coloré aux sels d'argent sur les coupes histologiques, il forme un réseau incomplet, dit alors non-anastomotique, comme un filet de pêche découpé. On le retrouve dans le foie, dans les tissus adipeux, dans les tissus lymphoïdes (rate, ganglions, thymus), les tissus hématopoïétiques (moelle rouge), dans l'endomysium (autours des rhabdomyocytes dans les muscles striés) et dans la sublamina densa des lames basales.

Les lames basales sont d'ailleurs composés d'autres collagènes. Le collagène de type IV ne se trouve que dans la lamina densa et n'est pas fibrillaire en raison de protéines non collagéniques associées : sa structure est tridimensionnelle et complexe, plus ou moins en réseau. Le collagène de type VII est fibrillaire, et dans la même couche que celui de type III à savoir la sublamina densa.

Enfin il existe d'autres collagènes non fibrillaires, comme celui de type VI qui forme des filaments perlés, ou les fibril associated collagens with interrupted triple helices (FACIT) qui sont des collagènes non fibrillaires associés aux collagènes fibrillaires avec par exemple les collagènes de type XII et XIV.

Sources illustrations : fig.940 A diagrammatic sectional view of the skin / fig.260 Plan of ossification of the tibia / fig.411 Deep muscles of the chest and front of the arm, with boundaries of the axilla / fig.300 Diagrammaic section of a diarthrodial joint, with an articular disk / fig.1085 The superior surface of the liver / fig.597 Section of small lymph gland of rabbit / fig.1188 The visceral surface of the spleen par Henry Vandyke Carter pour le Gray's Anatomy / désolé j'ai perdu les références de la coupe histologique de tissus adipeux.

Ces schémas ont été faits pour mes ED du Tutorat à partir des cours que j'ai retranscrit quand j'étais en première année de médecine. Ma seule source est le professeur de l'époque, et je peux avoir mal compris certaines choses, faire des approximations fausses, etc même si je fais de mon mieux. Croiser les sources permet d'avoir des informations plus fiables. N'hésitez pas à commenter pour discuter des sujets abordés ! Schémas et explications faits entre 2015 et 2016.

[freewhispersmaker]

Chapter 12 – Introduction to Anatomy, Positioning and Pathology

The study of diseases that cause abnormal changes in the structure or function of body tissues and organs is called: Pathology

Which of the following is not an example of tissue? 1. Neuron 2. Muscle 3. Skin 4. Stomach

Stomach

Bone tissue that has a “honeycomb”, or trabecular structure is called: Cancellous tissue

The elbow joint is an example of a(n): Diarthrodial joint

When a limb is moved…

[celluloyd]

Généralités à propos des tissus conjonctifs

Pour parler des généralités à propos des tissus conjonctifs prenons l'exemple du derme, sous l'épiderme. Les conjonctifs sont toujours associés à d'autres parenchymes comme l'épiderme et leurs fonctions est de les soutenir : ains'ils sont vascularisés pour leurs apporter des substances (en l'occurence l'épiderme n'est pas vascularisé et ne survit que grâce aux vaisseaux du derme), et innervés. Ce sont également des sites privilégiés de l'inflammation du fait de leurs vascularisation qui permet d'amener sur place les globules blancs pour lutter contre les pathogènes. Tout site agressé peut ainsi s'inflammer, donnant des pathologies terminant en -ite comme l'appendicite, la cystite ou la méningite par exemple.

Il y a cependant des tissus conjonctifs non vascularisés qui sont des exceptions. Le cartilage n'a pas de vaisseaux puisqu'il a tendance à s'ossifier s'il est vascularisé, et la cornée, devant la rétine, doit rester transparente pour que la lumière parvienne au fond de l'oeil (si la cornée était vascularisée on verrait nos globules rouges et c'est pas bon ça).

Sources illustrations : fig.300 Diagrammatic section of a diarthrodial joint with an articular disk / fig.869 Horizontal section of the eyeball par Henry Vandyke Carter pour le Gray's Anatomy

Ces schémas ont été faits pour mes ED du Tutorat à partir des cours que j'ai retranscrit quand j'étais en première année de médecine. Ma seule source est le professeur de l'époque, et je peux avoir mal compris certaines choses, faire des approximations fausses, etc même si je fais de mon mieux. Croiser les sources permet d'avoir des informations plus fiables. N'hésitez pas à commenter pour discuter des sujets abordés ! Schémas et explications faits entre 2015 et 2016.