#disodium edetate injection

[cpharmaceutical]

KILDACIN injection MANUFACTURER/ MARKETER C Pharmaceuticals SALT COMPOSITION Clindamycin (150mg/ml) + Disodium edetate (0.5mg/ml) STORAGE Store below 30°C

Product introduction

E2 4 & 6 Injection is a combination medicine that is used to treat various types of bacterial infections. It prevents the growth of the microorganisms that cause the infection.

E2 4 & 6 Injection is a prescription medicine that must be administered under the supervision of a healthcare professional. Do not miss any scheduled appointment for taking this medicine. The treatment must be completed even if you feel better to ensure a complete recovery.

The most common side effect of this medicine is stomach pain. To overcome any such side effects, it is advised to eat a healthy balanced diet and drink plenty of fluid. You may also experience mild injection site reactions such as pain, swelling, and redness. If any of the side effects get aggravated, contact your doctor immediately. If you experience any allergic reaction (rashes, itching, swelling, shortness of breath, etc.), you must seek immediate medical help.

Before taking this medicine, you should tell your doctor if you have any problems with your liver or kidneys. Also, tell your doctor if you are on any medication for any health condition. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should also consult with the doctor before taking it. Avoid drinking alcohol as it can cause excessive dizziness with this medicine. It usually does not impair your ability to drive, but you should not drive if it makes you feel sleepy or dizzy. If you are a known allergic to the medicine, you must refrain from using this medicine and consult your doctor. It is advised to take proper rest during the course of treatment for the medicine to work effectively.

Uses of KILDACIN Injection

Description of Bacterial infections

Definition

Bacterial infections are caused by bacteria, a kind of microorganisms that are made of only one cell. Bacteria live in all kinds of the environment including extreme hot and cold conditions. Millions of bacteria are present in the environment around us, on our body and inside it.

Bacteria are both harmful and useful to us. In fact, only a small number of bacteria are responsible for illnesses. Many are beneficial, such as those involved in immunity, digestion, and production of antibiotics and food products.

Useful Bacteria

Bacteria are important for digestion of food. There are some that fight diseases and those that help make healthful food.

Some examples of good bacteria include:

1. Lactobacillus is used in making yogurt and cheese.

2. Escherichia coli are present in intestines and help in digestion of food, and production of vitamin K.

3. Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and Bacteroides fragilis live in the gut and help in digestion of carbohydrates and sugar transport and utilization.

Causes and Risk Factors

Some bacteria cause illness. They invade and quickly multiply in the body to form colonies. When this happens in the respiratory tract, the following diseases may occur:

1. Pharyngitis -- Streptococcus pyogenes

2. Diphtheria -- Corynebacterium diphtheria

3. Pertussis -- Bordetella pertussis

4. Tuberculosis -- Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Gastrointestinal infections caused by bacteria include:

1. Peptic ulcers -- Helicobacter pylori

2. Enteric (typhoid) fever -- Salmonella typhi

3. Gastroenteritis -- Shigella, Salmonella, and Escherichia coli

Bacteria cause infections of the nervous system such as:

1. Meningitis -- Streptococcus pneumonia and Neisseria meningitidis

2. Tetanus -- Clostridium tetani

3. Botulism -- Clostridium botulinum

Urogenital infections caused by bacteria include:

1. Urinary tract infections -- Escherichia coli

2. Gonorrhea -- Neisseria gonorrhoeae

3. Chlamydia -- Chlamydia trachomatis

4. Syphilis -- Treponema pallidum

[mcatmemoranda]

Reviewing questions:

Mycoplasma pneumoniae causes atypical pneumonia. It binds to respiratory epithelium with I angitgen, which looks like antigens on RBCs. So the body produces IgM antibodies against the I antigen, which also attack RBC antigens-> hemolytic anemia. The IgM antibodies bind more strongly to RBC antigens at cold temperatures, which is why the IgM antibodies are called "cold agglutinins." You can check for cold agglutinins by putting a blood sample in a tube with edetate disodium and putting the tube in ice. When you remove the tube, you will see agglutination (clumping). Warming the tube makes the agglutination disappear. I only got the question right because I remembered a mnemonic I posted recently about cold and warm agglutinins. Men like cold and women like warm. So cold agglutinins = Mycoplasma, Mono. Warm agglutinins = women = autoimmune diseases and cancer.

Pts with IgA deficiency have recurrent sinopulmonary infections and have anaphylactic reaction to blood transfusions. I remembered that from OnlineMedEd, so I got the question right. These pts are usually asymptomatic, but they can have recurrent sinopulmonary infections and GI disease if they do have any symptoms. It's because they don't have secretory IgA. They also can have autoimmune diseases like celiac disease.

The right main stem bronchus is straighter, shorter, and has a larger diameter than the left main stem bronchus. That's why aspirated objects are likelier to end up in the right lung. When upright, the right lower lobes are the most dependent part of the lungs. When supine, the posterior part of the upper lobes and the superior portions of the lower lobes are the most dependent parts of the lungs. So aspirated material will end up in those most dependent areas, depending on the pt's position during aspiration.

I think Dustyn went over the pulmonary physiology pretty well. When you hyperventilate, you're not perfusing the alveoli well. You also won't be taking as deep breaths, so tidal volume goes down. This means you're not ventilating the alveoli as well, which basically menas you're creating more dead space--parts of the bronchioles that do not participate in gas exchange. I understood that, so I was able to get this question right. If you increase tidal volume (the amount of air you breathe in with each breath) and decrease respiratory rate, you get more lung that participates in gas exchange and less dead space. If you decrease the tidal volume and increase the respiratory rate, you get less lung that participates in gas exchange and more dead space. Physiologic dead space = total dead space; includes tha anatomic dead space (conducting zones) and the alveoli that don't participate in gas exchange (alveolar dead space). I remember learning about dead space a long time ago and getting confused about it. But I get it now.

From Wikipedia:

Dead space is the volume of air that is inhaled that does not take part in the gas exchange, because it either remains in the conducting airways or reaches alveoli that are not perfused or poorly perfused. In other words, not all the air in each breath is available for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Mammals breathe in and out of their lungs, wasting that part of the inhalation which remains in the conducting airways where no gas exchange can occur.

Benefits do accrue to a seemingly wasteful design for ventilation that includes dead space.[1]

Carbon dioxide is retained, making a bicarbonate-buffered blood and interstitium possible.

Inspired air is brought to body temperature, increasing the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen, improving O2 uptake.[2]

Particulate matter is trapped on the mucus that lines the conducting airways, allowing its removal by mucociliary transport.

Inspired air is humidified, improving the quality of airway mucus.[2] In humans, about a third of every resting breath has no change in O2 and CO2 levels. In adults, it is usually in the range of 150 mL.[3]

Dead space can be increased (and better envisioned) by breathing through a long tube, such as a snorkel. Even though one end of the snorkel is open to the air, when the wearer breathes in, they inhale a significant quantity of air that remained in the snorkel from the previous exhalation. Thus, a snorkel increases the person's dead space by adding even more "airway" that doesn't participate in gas exchange.

Minute ventilation = respiratory rate x tidal volume. So pts who have been on a ventilator for a while have weak respiratory muscles. When you take them off the ventilator, they therefore have smaller tidal volumes and breathe faster to compensate in order to maintain the minute ventilation. There is something called the Rapid Shallow Breathing Index (RSBI), which is respiratory rate/tidal volume. When you are trying to wean pts off the ventilator, you measure the RSBI. A large RSBI means the pt has large tidal volume and is thus breathing effeciently and is less likeley to have respiratory failure when you discontinue the ventilator. Pretty sure we never learned that in school.

CT angiography is the diagnostic test of choice to diagnose PE, but pts who have contraindications to CTA (e.g., kidney failure or allergy to contrast dye) can get a ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) scan instead. The V/Q scan is done by having the pt inhale an aerosolized radioactive tracer and then a lung scan is done. Then a radioactive tracer is injected intravenously and another scan is done to see how the lungs are perfused. You compare the two images to see if there is a V/Q mismatch (i.e., well perfused, but not well ventilated or well ventilated, but not well perfused). In normal lungs, the tracers are evenly distributed in both images.

Honeycombing is the dilated bronchioles, which can occur in progressive pulmonary fibrosis. Rheumatoid arthritis can cause interstitial lung disease. Treatments for RA, such as methotrexate, sulfasalazine, and cyclophosphamide can casue pulmonary fibrosis.

Phosphatidylcholine = lecithin. Lecithin to sphongomyelin ratio greater than or equal to 2 in the amniotic fluid indicates lung maturity in the fetus.

[kjhytr]

Nembutal powder, it uses, Dosage and where to get it

Uses of Nembutal powder

Nembutal Powder is primarily used for sedating children younger than 3 years of age to perform diagnostic imaging. They are relatively safe but are contraindicated in patients with porphyria. Major side effects include respiratory depression with apnea and hypotension, both of which are more common when barbiturates are used in combination with opiates or benzodiazepines.

Nembutal powder also known as sodium salt has been used as a sedative and hypnotic in the short-term management of insomnia. Nembutal powder has also been used for premedication in anesthetic procedures.

In addition, Nembutal powder is FDA-approved medication for the emergency control of certain acute convulsive episodes, e.g., those associated with status epilepticus, cholera, eclampsia, meningitis, tetanus, and toxic reactions to strychnine or local anesthetics.

Also in Animals;

Intraperitoneal (IP) injection of Nembutal powder is used in experimental medicine as an anesthetic in small animals such as rat and mouse. v is an important drug for relieving convulsive seizures, especially when caused by strychnine.

Dosage of Nembutal powder

Nembutal powder has a narrow therapeutic index. When administering intravenously, inject the first half of the dose initially, then the remainder of the calculated dose gradually until anesthetic effect is achieved.

Most euthanasia solutions contain Nembutal powder in liquid form as their active ingredient. Often other ingredients to facilitate euthanasia are included such as muscle relaxants and drugs with lethal cardiac effects (e.g., edetate disodium 0.05%).

READ MORE…

[mediseller-international]

Covishelid Vaccine

Benefits of Getting Covishield Vaccine

2020 has been a very difficult year for the entire human population; the COVID-19 pandemic has changed the way we look at things and our daily routines. With online classes and Work from home options, everything has shifted into the virtual world.

The COVID-19 pandemic in its wake has around 96 million cases reported and left around 2 million dead worldwide. At one point it seemed as if this could perhaps be the doom ancient Mayans predicted, but now humanity is slowly regaining its hope with news of successful vaccines spreading all over.

It is with great pride that we at Medisellers India report that India is the world’s largest vaccine manufacturer, rolling out two vaccines Serum Institute of India’s Covishield and Bharath Biotech’s Covaxin.

With stage one of vaccination underway, it is quite common for us to have doubts about the vaccine, hence in this article, we will be going through everything you need to know about the SII’s Covishield.

What is Covishield?

Covishield is a vaccine developed to fight the novel CoronaVirus that is manufactured by Serum Institute of India and is licensed from Oxford University and AstraZeneca. It has been granted permission to be used in India as an emergency response to halt the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in the country. The Serum Institute of India is preparing to produce about 1 billion Covishield vaccines, that will be distributed among developing countries including India.

The vaccine is administered by intramuscular injection. Tests have shown that when given two doses of the vaccine one month apart, the vaccine is 90% efficient. It has been legally approved by various countries like the UK, Argentina, Bangladesh, Mexico, Nepal, and Brazil.

The vaccine contains a weakened strain of a common cold virus found in chimpanzees. This strain is encoded with instructions to produce proteins from the novel coronavirus, thus causing an immune response. The Covishield vaccine is easier to transport and store as the vaccine needs only 2 to 8 degrees celsius to stay active.

What are the ingredients of Covishield?

Covishield vaccine contains the following:

L-Histadine

L-Histadine hydrochloride monohydrate

Magnesium Chloride Hexahydrate

Sodium Chloride

Polysorbate

Disodium Edetate dihydrate

Ethanol

Sucrose

The Serum Institute has announced that you should not take the vaccine if you are allergic to any of these ingredients.

Dosage and Administration

Covishield vaccination course consists of two 0.5 ml doses. The second dose should be administered 4 to 6 weeks after the first dosage. Taking both doses is vital to improving the efficacy of the vaccine, thus protecting you from COVID-19.

If you miss your second dosage, contact your medical provider right away. Studies show that a second dosage may be effective even if taken within 12 weeks after the first dosage.

The manufacturers say that once the second dosage has been administered, a protective immune response can be expected in about 4 weeks.

What to disclose to the vaccine administrators?

Before they administer the vaccine you should mention:

History of any allergic reactions to any drugs, food, vaccine, or any ingredient of the Covishield.

If you have a fever.

If you have any blood-related problems such as thin blood or bleeding disorders.

If you consume any medicines that affect your immunity.

If you are pregnant, breastfeeding, or planning to get pregnant.

Or if you have received any other vaccinations for COVID-19.

You should not get the vaccine if you have had an allergic reaction to a previous dose or if you are allergic to any of its ingredients.

Side Effects of Covishield vaccine

Covishield has a number of side-effects like any other vaccine, these include:

Tenderness, pain, redness, discomfort, itching, or swelling around the area of administration.

Feeling unwell

Fatigue

Feeling feverish or having chills

Headache, nausea

Joint or body pain

Lump at the site of injection

Flu-like symptoms

These are common side effects of the Covishield vaccine found in almost 1 out of every 10 people. However, these side effects are temporary and should go away with adequate rest.

Some not so common side effects are:

Dizziness

Loss of appetite

Abdominal pain

Excessive sweating, itchiness, or rashes

Enlarged lymph nodes

If you seem to have these uncommon side effects or if your other symptoms seem to persist contact your doctor immediately.

Should you get the Covishield vaccine?

Taking the vaccine is totally a personal choice. The fact that there are no other severe side effects apart from the above-listed ones might be a good reason to take the vaccine.

The vaccines are a ray of hope for humanity, that we can return to our normal routines, go back to our work or schools or colleges without wearing a mask or being worried about going into public. Taking the Covishield vaccine could help us get there by halting Coronavirus for good.

Where can you get the Covishield vaccine from?

The Government of India is conducting a maha-vaccination drive to help the vaccines reach the people who need them the most. To get your vaccines to contact your nearest administrative authority.

[darshan-bioinformatics]

COVISHIELD VACCINE

                                     COVISHIELD VACCINE

COVID-19 disease is caused by a coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2. You can get COVID-19 through contact with another person who has the virus. It is predominantly a respiratory illness that can affect other organs. Covishield, along with Bharat Biotech’s Covaxin, were approved for restricted emergency use by the Drugs Controller General of India (DGCI) on January 3 (Sunday). Covishield is manufactured and marketed by Serum Institute of India in Pune. Covishield is developed by Oxford-AstraZeneca in collaboration with Serum Institute of India,Pune.

Covishield vaccine includes the following ingredients: L-Histidine, L-Histidine hydrochloride monohydrate, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, Polysorbate 80, Ethanol, Sucrose, Sodium chloride, Disodium edetate dihydrate (EDTA), Water for injection. The AstraZeneca (COVISHIELD) COVID-19 (AZD1222) coronavirus vaccine candidate, formerly known as ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, is made from a virus (ChAdOx1), a weakened version of a common cold virus (adenovirus) that causes infections in chimpanzees, that has been genetically changed so that it can't grow in humans.

Genetic material has been added to the ChAdOx1 construct, which is used to make proteins from the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus called Spike glycoprotein (S). This protein is usually found on the surface of SARS-CoV-2 and plays an essential role in the infection pathway of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus uses its spike protein to bind to ACE2 receptors on human cells to enter the cells and cause an infection. After vaccination, the surface spike protein is produced, priming the immune system to attack the coronavirus if it later infects the body and causes COVID-19 disease

By vaccinating with AZD1222 (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19), these researchers hope to make the body recognize and develop an immune response to the Spike protein to help stop the SARS-CoV-2 virus from entering human cells and therefore prevent infection. The dose will be given to an individual as an intramuscular (IM) injection, ideally on the deltoid muscle and the vaccination course comprises two separate doses of 0.5 millilitres (ml) each, according to SII. If you receive one dose of the Covishield vaccine, then the second dose should be administered between 4 to 6 weeks after the first dose. The first 100 million doses of the vaccine has been provided to the government at the cost of ₹200 per dose, with SII’s chief executive officer (CEO) and owner Adar Poonawalla adding that the cost will increase later on.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched India’s Covid-19 vaccination drive, the world’s largest inoculation exercise against the novel coronavirus on 16th of January,2021. As India began its nationwide vaccination drive against Covid-19, as many as 1,65,714 people were vaccinated on Day 1, Union Health Ministry said.

References:

https://www.news18.com/news/buzz/how-oxford-scientists-developed-astrazenecas-covishield-vaccine-in-record-time-3291593.html

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2608-y

https://www.livemint.com/science/health/covid19-an-faq-factsheet-for-covishield-vaccine-by-serum-institute-11610496726579.html

[patimpexindia]

IP-BP-USP CHEMICALS | PAT IMPEX

Manufacturer-suppliers & exporters of IP BP US Grade chemicals for pharmaceutical industry in Vadodara-Gujarat-India

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POTASSIUM CITRATE TRIBASIC BP POTASSIUM CITRATE TRIBASIC IP POTASSIUM CITRATE TRIBASIC USP POTASSIUM DIHYDROGEN PHOSPHATE BP INJECTABLE POTASSIUM DIHYDROGEN PHOSPHATE NF POTASSIUM HYDROGEN CARBONATE BP POTASSIUM HYDROGEN CARBONATE USP POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE FLAKES BP POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE FLAKES NF POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE PELLETS BP POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE PELLETS BP HEMODIALYSIS POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE PELLETS NF POTASSIUM IODATE BP POTASSIUM IODIDE BP POTASSIUM IODIDE IP POTASSIUM IODIDE Ph. Eur. POTASSIUM IODIDE USP POTASSIUM METABISULPHITE NF POTASSIUM NITRATE BP POTASSIUM NITRATE USP POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE BP POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE IP POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE USP POTASSIUM PHOSPHATE DIBASIC BP POTASSIUM PHOSPHATE DIBASIC Ph. Eur. POTASSIUM PHOSPHATE DIBASIC USP POTASSIUM PHOSPHATE MONOBASIC BP POTASSIUM SODIUM TARTRATE TETRAHYDRATE Ph. Eur. POTASSIUM SODIUM TARTRATE USP POTASSIUM SULPHATE BP Soda Lime NF SODIUM HYDROGEN CARBONATE BP SODIUM ACETATE ANHYDROUS USP SODIUM ACETATE TRIHYDRATE BP SODIUM ACETATE TRIHYDRATE BP DIALYSIS SODIUM ACETATE TRIHYDRATE IP SODIUM ACETATE TRIHYDRATE IP DIALYSIS SODIUM ACETATE TRIHYDRATE USP SODIUM ACETATE TRIHYDRATE USP HEMODIALYSIS SODIUM BENZOATE BP SODIUM BENZOATE IP SODIUM BENZOATE NF SODIUM CARBONATE MONOHYDRATE NF/FCC SODIUM CARBONATE ANHYDROUS BP SODIUM CARBONATE ANHYDROUS NF Sodium Carbonate Monohydrate BP SODIUM CARBONATE MONOHYDRATE NF SODIUM CHLORIDE BP SODIUM CHLORIDE BP DIALYSIS SODIUM CHLORIDE BP HEMODIALYSIS SODIUM CHLORIDE BP INJECTABLE SODIUM CHLORIDE IP SODIUM CHLORIDE IP DIALYSIS SODIUM CHLORIDE IP INJECTABLE SODIUM CHLORIDE USP SODIUM CHLORIDE USP DIALYSIS SODIUM CHLORIDE USP HEMODIALYSIS SODIUM CHLORIDE USP INJECTABLE SODIUM CITRATE DIBASIC SODIUM CITRATE DIBASIC BP SODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE BP SODIUM CITRATE TRIBASIC IP SODIUM CITRATE TRIBASIC USP SODIUM DIHYDROGEN PHOSPHATE DIHYDRATE BP SODIUM DIHYDROGEN PHOSPHATE DIHYDRATE IP Sodium Dihydrogen Phosphate Dihydrate USP SODIUM DIHYDROGEN PHOSPHATE MONOHYDRATE BP SODIUM DIHYDROGEN PHOSPHATE MONOHYDRATE USP SODIUM HYDROGEN CARBONATE IP SODIUM HYDROGEN CARBONATE USP SODIUM HYDROGEN CARBONATE USP HEMODIALYSIS SODIUM HYDROGEN CARBONATE USP INJECTABLE SODIUM HYDROXIDE NF SODIUM HYDROXIDE PELLETS BP SODIUM HYDROXIDE PELLETS IP SODIUM METABISULPHITE BP SODIUM METABISULPHITE IP SODIUM METABISULPHITE NF Sodium Nitrite Ph. Eur. SODIUM NITRITE USP SODIUM PHOSPHATE DIBASIC 12H20 USP SODIUM PHOSPHATE DIBASIC 12H2O BP SODIUM PHOSPHATE DIBASIC 12H2O IP SODIUM PHOSPHATE DIBASIC 7H2O USP SODIUM PHOSPHATE DIBASIC ANHYDROUS BP SODIUM PHOSPHATE DIBASIC ANHYDROUS USP SODIUM PHOSPHATE DIBASIC DIHYDRATE BP SODIUM PHOSPHATE DIBASIC DIHYDRATE USP SODIUM PHOSPHATE DIBASIC HEPTAHYDRATE SODIUM PHOSPHATE MONOBASIC MONOHYDRATE BP SODIUM STARCH GLYCOLATE BP/NF (POTATO BASE) SODIUM STARCH GLYCOLATE IP SODIUM SULPHATE 10H2O BP SODIUM SULPHATE ANHYDROUS BP SODIUM SULPHATE ANHYDROUS BP INJECTABEL SODIUM SULPHATE ANHYDROUS USP SODIUM SULPHITE ANHYDROUS BP SODIUM THIOSULPHATE PENTAHYDRATE BP SODIUM THIOSULPHATE PENTAHYDRATE IP SODIUM THIOSULPHATE Ph. Eur. SODIUM THIOSULPHATE USP ANHYDROUS PENTAHYDRATE SODIUM TRIPOLYPHOSPHATE FCC STANNOUS CHLORIDE DIHYDRATE BP Test Product TITANIUM DIOXIDE USP TRI-CALCIUM PHOSPHATE BP TRI-CALCIUM PHOSPHATE IP UREA BP UREA IP UREA USP UREA USP INJECTABLE ZINC ACETATE BP ZINC ACETATE USP ZINC CARBONATE USP ZINC CHLORIDE BP ZINC CHLORIDE IP ZINC CHLORIDE USP ZINC OXIDE BP ZINC OXIDE IP ZINC OXIDE USP ZINC SULPHATE BP ZINC SULPHATE HEPTAHYDRATE USP ZINC SULPHATE IP ZINC SULPHATE MONOHYDRATE USP

[harmfulcures4autism-blog]

Harmful Treatment #1: Chelation

Chelation is a chemical process in which a substance is used to bind molecules, such as metals or minerals, and hold them tightly. It is originally used to rid the body of excess or toxic metals. It has some uses in conventional medicine, such as treating lead poisoning or iron overload.

During the process of chelation, a synthetic solution-EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) is injected into the bloodstream to remove heavy metals and/or minerals from the body.

This treatment stems from the idea that vaccines cause Autism, which is an untrue claim with no scientific evidence to back it up. 

Chelation Therapy is used as a treatment for acute heavy metal poisoning in removing metals such as arsenic, lead, and mercury from the bloodstream with the administrating of chelating agents. The medication binds to the heavy metals and then would be filtered out through urine. Chelating agents are nondiscriminating and they will bind to any heavy metal it comes to contact in, which can result in vital metals, such as calcium and iron, to be filtered out of the body alongside with the toxins if administrated incorrectly. There are several different types of Chelating drugs that are used depending on the type of poisoning that has occurred. Each one has its own benefits and risks to it.

The different types include:

Succimer (DMSA, 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid) is taken by mouth to treat poisoning by lead, mercury, and arsenic. Serious side effects are uncommon.

Dimercaprol (British Anti-Lewisite, BAL) is given by injection to treat severe lead, mercury, and arsenic poisoning. Side effects are usually dose-related but can cause coma and seizures.

Edetate calcium disodium (CaNa2EDTA) is given intravenously to treat severe lead poisoning. This can be toxic to the kidneys.

Deferoxamine is given intravenously to treat iron poisoning. Possible side effects include very low blood pressure, lung injury, and infections

Penicillamine is sometimes used to treat bismuth, copper, lead, mercury, and nickel toxicity. The primary adverse effect is an allergic reaction in people who are also allergic to penicillin.

There have been several unapproved uses for Chelation Therapy as of late for treatment in the autism spectrum, cardiovascular diseases, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and other serious conditions.

The idea of using Chelation for these purposes is that it is believed that the caused for these disorders are caused by damage from heavy metal poising. For autism, it is believed that the cause may be mercury poisoning from the thimerosal in vaccines.

[pharmacyinpractice]

Class 4 Medicines Defect Information: Sodium Benzoate (Amzoate) 2g in 10 mL Sterile Solution for injection

Class 4 Medicines Defect Information: Sodium Benzoate (Amzoate) 2g in 10 mL Sterile Solution for injection

  Torbay Pharmaceuticals has informed the MHRA that the carton label on Sodium Benzoate (Amzoate) 2g in 10 mL Sterile Solution for injection incorrectly states the concentration of disodium edetate (excipient) as 0.1% w/v (10mg in 1mL) instead of 0.1% w/v (10mg in 10mL).

  [embeddoc url=”https://pip.scot/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Alert.pdf” download=”all”]

  This circular is being shared…

[intelicurelifesciences]

Empowering Critical Care with Disodium Edetate: Intelicure Lifesciences Leads the Way

In today's rapidly advancing world of medicine, critical care plays a pivotal role in saving lives and improving patient outcomes. Behind the scenes, there are pharmaceutical companies working tirelessly to develop and manufacture essential drugs and therapies. One such company leading the charge in India is Intelicure Lifesciences. With a strong focus on critical care medicine, including the production of Disodium Edetate. Intelicure Lifesciences is a leading Disodium Edetate Manufacturer in India that stands out in the healthcare industry. This blog explores the significance of Disodium Edetate, highlights the role of Intelicure Lifesciences as a prominent manufacturer in India, and sheds light on their injection manufacturing capabilities in Baddi.

Disodium Edetate: A Key Component in Critical Care:

Disodium Edetate, also known as EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), is a chelating agent widely used in critical care medicine. This chemical compound acts as a powerful binding agent for heavy metal ions, facilitating their removal from the body. In critical situations such as heavy metal poisoning or lead intoxication, Disodium Edetate plays a crucial role in the detoxification process. It forms stable complexes with toxic metals, allowing them to be excreted from the body through urine. This life-saving medication is administered intravenously and requires precise formulation and manufacturing processes to ensure its effectiveness and safety.

Pioneering Critical Care Medicine in India:

Intelicure Lifesciences is a leading pharmaceutical company in India, specializing in critical care medicine and offering a wide range of high-quality pharmaceutical products. With a dedicated team of experts and state-of-the-art manufacturing facilities, it has emerged as a trusted partner for healthcare providers across the country. The company's commitment to excellence, innovation, and patient well-being is reflected in its rigorous quality control standards and adherence to regulatory guidelines.

Injection Manufacturing Excellence in Baddi:

Located in Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, Intelicure Lifesciences operates from a strategically advantageous region for pharmaceutical manufacturing. Baddi is known as an industrial hub and offers a favorable business environment with well-developed infrastructure. The company's injection manufacturing capabilities in Baddi are a testament to their commitment to meeting the critical care needs of patients. With advanced technologies and a focus on sterile manufacturing practices, Intelicure Lifesciences ensures that their injections, including Disodium Edetate, meet the highest standards of quality, safety, and efficacy.

Quality Assurance and Regulatory Compliance:

Intelicure Lifesciences places paramount importance on quality assurance and regulatory compliance. Their manufacturing processes follow Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), ensuring that every product is manufactured in accordance with international quality standards. The company's commitment to quality control extends throughout the supply chain, from sourcing raw materials to the final distribution of its pharmaceutical products. By prioritizing regulatory compliance, we ensure that healthcare professionals and patients can trust the safety and efficacy of their critical care medications, including Disodium Edetate.

Conclusion:

In the realm of critical care medicine, the availability of reliable and high-quality pharmaceuticals is crucial. Intelicure Lifesciences, as a leading manufacturer in India, has been at the forefront of producing essential medications such as Disodium Edetate. Their dedication to critical care medicine, combined with their Injection Manufacturing Companies in Baddi, has positioned them as a trusted partner for healthcare providers and a beacon of hope for patients in need. By continuing to prioritize innovation, quality, and regulatory compliance, Intelicure Lifesciences contributes significantly to the advancement of critical care medicine in India and beyond.

[greatestlcve]

PROPOFAN Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Precautions & Warnings

Drug Online

Generic PROPOFAN drug of the Therapeutic class: Analgesics active ingredients: Dextropropoxyphene , Paracetamol , Caffeine

propofan drug Uses and indication

propofan drug Uses and indication

Symptomatic treatment of pain of moderate to intense intensity, or not responding to the use of peripheral analgesics alone.

propofan dosage

Oral way.

Reserved for adults and adolescents from 15 years old.

The tablets should be swallowed as is, with a large glass of water, during a meal.

1 to 2 tablets per dose. On average 4 tablets a day divided into 2 to 4 doses.

Do not exceed 6 tablets a day.

The catches must be spaced at least 4 hours apart, at best 8 to 12 hours.

In cases of severe renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance less than 10 ml / min), the interval between 2 doses will be at least 8 hours.

how does propofan work

Pharmacotherapeutic group: DEXTROPROPOXYPHENE IN ASSOCIATION.

ATC Code: N02AC54.

(N: Central nervous system).

propofan drug is a combination of 3 active ingredients:

paracetamol : ANALGESIC AND ANTIPYRETIC,

dextropropoxyphene : ANALGESIC OPIOID,

caffeine : PSYCHOSTIMULANT.

What are the side effects of propofan ?

PARACETAMOL RELATED :

Few cases of hypersensitivity reactions such as anaphylactic shock, angioedema, erythema, urticaria, skin rash have been reported. Their occurrence requires the definitive discontinuation of this drug and related drugs.

Very exceptional cases of thrombocytopenia, leukopenia and neutropenia have been reported.

RELATED TO DEXTROPROPOXYPHENE :

The most common: nausea, vomiting.

More rarely: constipation, abdominal pain, rash, headache, asthenia, euphoria, minor vision disorders, disorientation, somnolence, dizziness, severe hypoglycemia, cholestatic or mixed hepatitis.

CAFEIN RELATED :

rare cases of insomnia,

possibility of palpitations.

propofol interactions

PARACETAMOL-RELATED :

INTERACTIONS WITH PARACLINICAL EXAMINATIONS :

Paracetamol may interfere with the glucose-oxidase-peroxidase assay at abnormally high concentrations.

Taking paracetamol may interfere with the determination of blood uric acid by the phosphotungstic acid method.

ASSOCIATIONS WITH PRECAUTIONS FOR USE :

Oral anticoagulants :

Risk of an increase in the effect of oral anticoagulant and haemorrhagic risk when taking paracetamol at maximum doses (4 g / d) for at least 4 days.

More frequent control of the INR. Possible adaptation of oral anticoagulant dosage during paracetamol treatment and after discontinuation.

RELATED TO DEXTROPROPOXYPHENE :

CONTRAINDICATED ASSOCIATION :

Morphine agonists-antagonists (buprenorphine, nalbuphine, pentazocine) :

Decrease of the analgesic effect by competitive blocking of the receptors, with the risk of appearance of a withdrawal syndrome.

ASSOCIATIONS DEVOTED :

–Alcohol :

Increase by alcohol of sedative effect of opioid analgesics.

Impairment of alertness can make driving and using machines dangerous.

How long after propofol Can I drink alcohol?

Avoid taking alcoholic drinks and drugs containing alcohol.

– Carbamazepine :

Increased plasma concentrations of carbamazepine with signs of overdose by inhibition of its hepatic metabolism.

Clinical surveillance and possible reduction of the dosage of carbamazepine.

ASSOCIATIONS TO BE TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT :

– Other morphine derivatives (including antitussives and substitution treatments), benzodiazepines, barbiturates:

Increased risk of respiratory depression, which can be fatal in case of overdose.

– Other central nervous system depressants, such as other morphine derivatives (including antitussives and substitution treatments), sedative antidepressants, sedative antihistamines H1, anxiolytics, hypnotics, neuroleptics, central antihypertensives, thalidomide, baclofen :

Increased central depression. Altered alertness can make driving and using machines dangerous.

RELATED CAFFEINE :

ASSOCIATION NOT RECOMMENDED :

Enoxacin :

Significant increase in caffeine levels in the body that can lead to excitement and hallucinations (decreased hepatic metabolism of caffeine).

ASSOCIATIONS TO BE TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT :

Ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin :

Significant increase in caffeine levels in the body (decrease in hepatic metabolism of caffeine).

propofan warnings and Precautions :

propofan warnings:

The risk of predominantly psychological dependence appears only for higher dosages than recommended and for long-term treatments.

propofan precautions:

– Related to the presence of dextropropoxyphene :

 Alcohol absorption during treatment is not recommended.

Propofan should be avoided in patients with suicidal tendencies, in patients treated with tranquilizers,

antidepressants or central nervous system depressants.

– Related to the presence of paracetamol :

Interactions of paracetamol with paraclinical examinations: taking paracetamol may interfere with the determination of blood uric acid by the phosphotungstic acid method and the determination of glucose by the

glucose oxidase-peroxidase method.

– Pregnancy: A prospective epidemiological study, involving a few hundred women, did not show any teratogenic effect of dextropropoxyphene and paracetamol administered alone.

Paracetamol, an analgesic that has no anti

-inflammatory properties, does not appear to pose a fetal risk when used during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters.

In clinical studies, the analysis of a high number of exposed pregnancies apparently did not reveal any particular malformative or fetotoxic effect of caffeine.

Although similar to morphinomimetics, the occasional administration of dextropropoxyphene, under common prescribing conditions, does not pose a risk of neonatal withdrawal.

Caffeine abuse can cause fetal and neonatal tachycardia.

However, compared to a normal population, no increase in spontaneous miscarriages, prematurity and number of children with hypotrophy has been reported

. As a result, this medication can be prescribed during pregnancy if needed, in short treatment and at the recommended doses.

Drive and use machines:

PROPOFAN has an important influence on the ability to drive and use machines. Driving or using machines is contraindicated during the day of propofol anesthesia. If other medications have been combined, driving may be discouraged for a longer period. The effects of propofol usually disappear after 12 hours.

PROPOFAN and PREGNANCY / BREAST FEEDING / FERTILITY:

Pregnancy :

Studies in animals have not shown any teratogenic effect.

 In the absence of teratogenic effect in animals, a malformative effect in the human species is not expected.

 Indeed, to date, the substances responsible for malformations in humans have been teratogenic in animals in well-conducted studies on two species.

In clinical practice, there are currently no data of sufficient relevance to evaluate the possible malformative or fetotoxic effect of propofol when administered during pregnancy.

Therefore, as a precaution, it is best not to use propofol during pregnancy (except of course in case of termination of pregnancy) unless absolutely necessary.

Propofol passes through the placenta and can cause neonatal depression.

Breastfeeding:

The use of propofol in nursing women is not recommended.

Studies have shown that small amounts of propofol are excreted in the milk of lactating women.

 Therefore, women should not breastfeed for 24 hours after taking propofol. The milk produced during this period will have to be discarded.

propofan overdose side effects

Poisoning is to be feared in the elderly and young children (therapeutic overdose or accidental intoxication frequent in toddlers) where it can be dramatic or even fatal.

– Paracetamol Overdose Symptoms :

Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, pallor, abdominal pain usually appear within the first 24 hours.

Overdose, starting with 10 g of paracetamol in a single dose in adults and 150 mg / kg of body weight in a single dose in children, causes hepatic cytolysis which may result in complete and irreversible necrosis Hepatocellular insufficiency, metabolic acidosis, encephalopathy that can lead to coma and death.

At the same time, there is an increase in hepatic transaminases, lactic dehydrogenase, bilirubin and a decrease in the prothrombin level that may occur 12 to 48 hours after ingestion.

– Dextropropoxyphene overdose symptoms :

Disorders of consciousness ranging from somnolence to coma.

Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, respiratory depression ranging from simple dyspnea to apnea.

Myosis, convulsions, delirium, cyanosis, collapse, death by cardiac arrest.

– Emergency Driving :

Immediate transfer to hospital.

Rapid evacuation of the product ingested by gastric lavage and activated charcoalper os .

Before beginning treatment, draw a tube of blood for plasma determination of paracetamol and dextropropoxyphene.

Treatment of overdose includes the early administration of the paracetamol antidote, N-acetylcysteine ​​IV or oral, if possible before the tenth hour and the administration of naloxone, antidote for dextropropoxyphene.

Respiratory support.

 Do not use analeptics or central nervous system stimulants as they may precipitate fatal convulsions.

What is  Forms and Composition PROPOFAN ?

FORMS and PRESENTATIONS

IV Injectable Emulsion 20 mg / ml:   Pre-filled 50 ml syringe.

COMPOSITION

 p mlpropofol20 mgA pre-filled syringe of 50 ml contains 1 g of propofol

Excipients: refined soybean oil, purified egg phosphatides, glycerol, sodium hydroxide, disodium edetate, water for injections.

Excipients with known effect: refined soybean oil, sodium.

NOT’s

Edrug-online contains comprehensive and detailed information about drugs available in the medical field, and is divided into four sections:

general information:

Includes a general description of the drug, its use, brand names, FAQs, and relevant news and articles

Additional information:

General explanation about dealing with the medicine: how to take the medicine, the doses and times of it, the start and duration of its effectiveness, the recommended diet during the period of taking the medicine, the method of storage and storage, recommendations in cases for forgetting the dose and instructions to stop taking the drug and take additional doses.

Special warnings:

For pregnant and breastfeeding women, the elderly, boys and drivers, and use before surgery.

Side effects:

It treats possible side effects and drug interactions that require attention and its effect on continuous use.

The information contained in this medicine is based on medical literature, but it is not a substitute for consulting a doctor.

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The post PROPOFAN Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Precautions & Warnings appeared first on Drug Online.

from Drug Online https://bit.ly/2zAe278 via Edrug Online from Faculty of Medicine https://bit.ly/2T4uh30 via Internal Medicine

[cpharmaceutical]

KILDACIN injection MANUFACTURER/ MARKETER C Pharmaceuticals SALT COMPOSITION Clindamycin (150mg/ml) + Disodium edetate (0.5mg/ml) STORAGE Store below 30°C

Product introduction

E2 4 & 6 Injection is a combination medicine that is used to treat various types of bacterial infections. It prevents the growth of the microorganisms that cause the infection.

E2 4 & 6 Injection is a prescription medicine that must be administered under the supervision of a healthcare professional. Do not miss any scheduled appointment for taking this medicine. The treatment must be completed even if you feel better to ensure a complete recovery.

The most common side effect of this medicine is stomach pain. To overcome any such side effects, it is advised to eat a healthy balanced diet and drink plenty of fluid. You may also experience mild injection site reactions such as pain, swelling, and redness. If any of the side effects get aggravated, contact your doctor immediately. If you experience any allergic reaction (rashes, itching, swelling, shortness of breath, etc.), you must seek immediate medical help.

Before taking this medicine, you should tell your doctor if you have any problems with your liver or kidneys. Also, tell your doctor if you are on any medication for any health condition. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should also consult with the doctor before taking it. Avoid drinking alcohol as it can cause excessive dizziness with this medicine. It usually does not impair your ability to drive, but you should not drive if it makes you feel sleepy or dizzy. If you are a known allergic to the medicine, you must refrain from using this medicine and consult your doctor. It is advised to take proper rest during the course of treatment for the medicine to work effectively.

Uses of KILDACIN Injection

Description of Bacterial infections

Definition

Bacterial infections are caused by bacteria, a kind of microorganisms that are made of only one cell. Bacteria live in all kinds of the environment including extreme hot and cold conditions. Millions of bacteria are present in the environment around us, on our body and inside it.

Bacteria are both harmful and useful to us. In fact, only a small number of bacteria are responsible for illnesses. Many are beneficial, such as those involved in immunity, digestion, and production of antibiotics and food products.

[laverrierehopec1-blog]

A Guide To Dexamethasone

Dexamethasone is a corticosteroid that is used to treat different heath conditions such as skin diseases, allergic disorder, asthma, brain swelling, rheumatic arthritis and problems.

This drug comes in different trade names such as Decadron, Dexasone, Diodex, Hexadrol, Maxidex, DexPak, Zema-Pak, etc.. It decreases the defensive reaction of the body and reduces symptoms. It can be treated with antibiotics to treat tuberculosis.

Dexamethasone is administered to the body system through the following means:

Intravenous Therapy: When the medication in liquid form, it is administered into the body by shipping through the vein with the assistance of injections or as drips. This mode of administration is regarded as the fastest since it goes directly to the bloodstream.

Intramuscular therapy: Otherwise known and abbreviated as IM. This drug delivery system is done by the aid of injection to the muscle.

Subcutaneous Injection Therapy: is one of the several system of drug administration. It is called SC and can be used to administration dexamethasone through the subcutaneous layer of the skin.

Oral Administration: This involves administering dexamethasone throughout the mouth.

INGREDIENTS

Dexamethasone Tablets USP generally contain either 0.5 mg, 0.75 mg, 1.5 mg, 2 mg, 4 mg, or 6 mg of dexamethasone USP. Each tablet also contain some inactive ingredients such as magnesium stearate, lactose, monohydrate, sugar, starch, FD&C Red, FD&C Yellow, Yellow Iron Oxide, D&C Yellow, and FD&C Blue.

Dexamethasone Oral Solution USP is formulated for oral administration contains 05.5 mg per 5 ml of dexamethasone USP. This oral solution contains some inactive ingredients such as propylene glycol, sorbitol solution, propylparaben, anhydrous citric acid, glycerin, disodium edetate and water.

USES OF DEXAMETHASONE/PROS

Dexamethasone has various uses in anti inflammatory diseases, cancer, endocrine treatment, pregnancy, higher altitude illnesses, nausea and vomiting, sore throat, and veterinary uses.

Veterinary Uses:

Dexamethasone is combined with clotrimazole and marbofloxacin using a fresh name AURIZON as a remedy for severe earing infections especially in puppies.

Dexamethasone combined with dichlormethiazide may be used to treat general bruising and swelling distal limbs in horses.

Anti-inflammatory diseases:

A single dose of dexamethasone in children reduces the swelling of the airway which in turns improves breathing and reduced discomfort. In other words, can be utilized for the treatment of CROUP in children. Dexamethasone given in a high dose serves as a counteract to allergic anaphylactic shock, Dexamethasone intravitreal steroid implant was approved by the Federal dental agency for the treatment of ocular conditions like diabetic macular edema, central retinal vein occlusion, and uveitis, dexamethasone is present in ear drops, eye drops especially after eye surgery and present in nasal sprays. Dexamethasone is used to treat autoimmune and inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Dexamethasone is given before and or after dental surgeries like the elimination of the wisdom tooth. Dexamethasone may also be treated before antibiotics in the event of bacterial meningitis to reduce inflammatory response to the murdered bacterias.

Cancer:

In brain tumors, dexamethasone can be used to curb the progression of edema that may compress other brain structures if not attended to, dexamethasone can be utilised as an immediate chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of multiple myeloma.

Pregnancy:

Pregnancy complications may happen like premature delivery, but with the use of dexamethasone, it helps correct premature delivery by aiding in the maturation of the fetus' lungs.

Nausea and vomiting

Individuals who have had surgery experience nausea and vomiting. Administration of dexamethasone intravenously is effective for the prevention of nausea and vomiting from recurring.

SIDE EFFECTS/CONS

Dexamethasone, like every other drugs has side effects they provide. The Normal side effects from the ingestion of dexamethasone includes

Dizziness

Stomach upset

Sore throat

Headaches

Trouble in sleeping

Increase in appetite

Weight gain

Acne

But if the below listed serious side effects occur, contact your doctor as soon as you notice

Increased thirst and urination

Signs of infection like fever

Slow, fast or irregular heartbeat

Black stool,

Heartburns

Bone pain

Abdominal pain

Mental changes

Bleeding

Seizures

Precautions

If you have a fungal infection or allergic to this drug, please don't take it. Before taking dexamethasone, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you have:

Malaria

Thyroid disorder

Liver disease

Glaucoma or cataracts

Tuberculosis

Osteoporosis

Mental illness

Depression

Liver disease

Heart failure

High blood pressure

Herpes infection of the eyes

Diabetes

This medicine may mask signs of infection or put you at greater risk of developing very serious ailments. Report any injuries or signs of infection (e.g., persistent sore throat/fever/cough, pain during urination, muscle aches) that occur during treatment.

This medication may slow down a child's growth if used for quite a while. Consult the doctor or pharmacist for additional information. See the physician regularly so your child's height and growth can be assessed.

This drug may pass into breast milk and may have undesirable effects on a nursing infant. Consult your doctor before breast- feeding.

OVERDOSE

An overdose of this medication doesn't pose any life-threatening issues. Long term use of high does may lead to thinning skin, increased acne or facial hair, loss of interest in sex, menstrual problems and impotence.

DRUGS THAT AFFECT DEXAMETHASONE

It is not a good safe to use some certain drugs at exactly the same time since they pose a lot of risks. Ensure you tell your doctor about all the medications you are using before taking dexamethasone such as;

Insulin or diabetes medications

Birth control pills or hormone replacement therapy

Blood thinner -- Coumadin, Jantoven

Antibiotic or antifungal medicine

Medicine to treat dementia or Parkinson disease

CONCLUSION

The action of the world health organization in labeling dexamethasone as an important drug in the health care field has revealed dexamethasone to be of significance to the health of male and research demonstrating that surplus dexamethasone can induce hypertension through various mechanisms show that where there is great, there's also bad. Moderation is the key to ensuring that more good than bad is what has gotten from this drug. Following the doctor's prescription strictly and not self-medicating will also help to make dexamethasone us be of more good than bad.

dexametasona para que sirve

[pharmapedia2]

New Post has been published on Pharmapedia

New Post has been published on http://pharmapedia.pw/2017/01/26/bal-in-oil-injection-indications-and-side-effects/

BAL in Oil injection indications and side effects

BAL in Oil injection indications and side effects

BAL in Oil Ampules DIMERCAPROL INJECTION, USP

BAL (2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol) 10%, Benzyl Benzoate 20%, in Peanut Oil

DESCRIPTION

Dimercaprol Injection USP is a colorless or almost colorless liquid chelating agent having a disagreeable, mercaptan-like odor. Each 1 mL sterile BAL in Oil (Dimercaprol Injection USP) contains: 100 mg Dimercaprol in 200 mg Benzyl Benzoate and 700 mg Peanut Oil.

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

The sulfhydryl groups of dimercaprol form complexes with certain heavy metals thus preventing or reversing the metallic binding of sulfhydryl-containing enzymes. The complex is excreted. The sustained presence of dimercaprol promotes continued excretion of the metallic poisons – arsenic, gold and mercury. It is also used in combination with Edetate Calcium Disodium Injection USP to promote the excretion of lead.

INDICATIONS

BAL in Oil (Dimercaprol Injection USP) is indicated in the treatment of arsenic, gold and mercury poisoning. It is indicated in acute lead poisoning when used concomitantly with Edetate Calcium Disodium Injection USP.

Dimercaprol Injection USP is effective for use in acute poisoning by mercury salts if therapy is begun within one or two hours following ingestion. It is not very effective for chronic mercury poisoning.

Dimercaprol Injection USP is of questionable value in poisoning caused by other heavy metals such as antimony and bismuth. It should not be used in iron, cadmium, or selenium poisoning because the resulting dimercaprol-metal complexes are more toxic than the metal alone, especially to the kidneys.

CONTRAINDICATIONS

BAL in Oil (Dimercaprol Injection USP) is contraindicated in most instances of hepatic insufficiency with the exception of postarsenical jaundice. The drug should be discontinued or used only with extreme caution if acute renal insufficiency develops during therapy.

WARNINGS

There may be local pain at the site of the injection. A reaction apparently peculiar to children is fever which may persist during therapy. It occurs in approximately 30% of children. A transient reduction of the percentage of polymorphonuclear leukocytes may also be observed.

PRECAUTIONS

Because the dimercaprol-metal complex breaks down easily in an acid medium, production of an alkaline urine affords protection to the kidney during therapy. Medicinal iron should not be administered to patients under therapy with BAL in Oil (Dimercaprol Injection USP).

BAL in Oil Ampules is formulated with peanut oil. Peanut oil may cause allergic reactions in some individuals. Physicians should use caution in prescribing BAL in Oil Ampules for peanut-sensitive patients. Medication and equipment necessary to treat allergic reactions should be available if the product is administered to peanut-allergic patients.

Pregnancy Category C

Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with BAL in Oil. It is also not known whether BAL in Oil can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman, or can affect reproduction capacity. BAL in Oil should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed.

It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. However, because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when BAL in Oil is administered to a nursing woman.

Adverse Reactions

One of the most consistent responses to Dimercaprol Injection USP is a rise in blood pressure accompanied by tachycardia. This rise is roughly proportional to the dose administered. Doses larger than those recommended may cause other transitory signs and symptoms in approximate order of frequency as follows: (1) nausea and, in some instance, vomiting; (2) headache; (3) a burning sensation in the lips, mouth and throat; (4) a feeling of constriction, even pain, in the throat, chest, or hands; (5) conjunctivitis, lacrimation, blepharal spasm, rhinorrhea, and salivation; (6) tingling of the hands; (7) a burning sensation in the penis; (8) sweating of the forehead, hands and other areas; (9) abdominal pain; and (10) occasional appearance of painful sterile abscesses. Many of the above symptoms are accompanied by a feeling of anxiety, weakness, and unrest and often are relieved by administration of antihistamine.

DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE

Dimercaprol Injection USP is not a controlled substance listed in any other Drug Enforcement Administration schedules. Its use is not known to lead to dependence or abuse.

OVERDOSE

Dosage exceeding 5 mg/kg will usually be followed by vomiting, convulsions and stupor, beginning within 30 minutes and subsiding within 6 hours following injection.

AMER. HOSP. FORM. SERV., 64:00, Amer. Soc. Hosp. Pharm., 1977.

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

By deep intramuscular injection only. For mild arsenic or gold poisoning, 2.5 mg/kg of body weight four times daily for two days, two times on the third day, and once daily thereafter for ten days; for severe arsenic or gold poisoning, 3 mg/kg every four hours for two-days, four times on the third day, then twice daily thereafter for ten days. For mercury poisoning, 5 mg/kg initially, followed by 2.5 mg/kg one or two times daily for ten days. For acute lead encephalopathy, 4 mg/kg body weight is given alone in the first dose and thereafter at four-hour intervals in combination with Edetate Calcium Disodium Injection USP administered at a separate site. For less severe poisoning the dose can be reduced to 3 mg/kg after the first dose. Treatment is maintained for two to seven days depending on clinical response. Successful treatment depends on beginning injections at the earliest possible moment and on the use of adequate amounts at frequent intervals. Other supportive measures should always be used in conjunction with BAL in Oil (Dimercaprol Injection USP) therapy.

BAL in Oil should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration.

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