#edu ultra 200

[agiraffewithacamera]

Be gentle

[mioritic]

a friend gave me a horizon kompakt panoramic camera to try out; here are the (suuuper lo-fi) results from earlier this year

february - april 2022, toronto

horizon kompakt / arista edu ultra 200

[hogbu]

In the Morning par radspix Via Flickr : Minolta Alpha 807si : 28-200 AF Promaster Aspherical LD IF f/3.8-5.6 : Arista EDU Ultra 100 : PMK Pyro

[quiverlikeacandleonfire]

Arista EDU Ultra 200 (expired 2016) Minolta SRT 101

[editingxpert]

5 Frames… Helping me contemplate my questionable life choices on 5×7 Arista EDU Ultra 100 (EI 200 / 5×7 Format / Linhof Technika) – by Lars Bunch This is what I was thinking… “Golly, that 5×7 camera is going for a good price. Anyway, I can always sell the lens (who am I kidding… I’m not going to sell the lens) and make some of my money back.

[bigyack-com]

SXSW Festival in Texas Cancelled Over Coronavirus Fears

The South by Southwest festival in Texas has been cancelled due to concerns over the spread of the novel coronavirus, organisers and the host city of Austin said Friday. The decision comes as coronavirus concerns grow stateside and pressure ramps up over whether to cancel entertainment and sporting events that draw large crowds. "The city of Austin has cancelled the March dates for SXSW and SXSW EDU," the festival said in a statement. "SXSW will faithfully follow the city's directions." Austin mayor Steve Adler told a news conference he had declared a local disaster in response to the coronavirus, and had "issued an order that effectively cancels South by Southwest for this year." The music, tech and film festival was slated to take place March 13-22, although Netflix, Apple, and Amazon had already pulled out. More than 400,000 people attended the 2019 edition of SXSW, which was headquartered in the Texas capital's convention centre but hosted many events spread throughout the city. Texas has so far recorded a handful of novel coronavirus cases, and there have been more than 200 confirmed cases in the United States. Earlier this week Austin said there was "no evidence that closing SXSW or any other gatherings will make the community safer" -- but festival organisers said the situation had "evolved rapidly." "We understand the gravity of the situation for all the creatives who utilise SXSW to accelerate their careers," organisers said, also acknowledging the hit to small theatres and vendors who rely on the annual business. "We are exploring options to reschedule the event and are working to provide a virtual SXSW online experience as soon as possible for 2020 participants," SXSW said. Ultra dropped The SXSW announcement comes on the heels of Miami authorities saying they were cancelling the Florida beachfront city's annual Ultra electronic dance festival -- which draws in more than 160,000 revelers -- over coronavirus threats. The March 20 to 22 event was to feature sets from major DJs including Gesaffelstein and Sofi Tukker. Ultra has also canceled its edition of the festival in Abu Dhabi, which was scheduled for March 5-6. The epidemic poses a particular challenge for Miami, which relies on tourism especially in March and April, when thousands of young people fly south for spring break. There have been more than 100,000 confirmed coronavirus infections across 92 territories worldwide, according to AFP's latest toll, and almost 3,500 deaths. Florida has recorded nine cases. Questions over Coachella The coronavirus epidemic has seen world markets tumble and dozens of postponed events throughout Asia and Europe. But the cancellations of SXSW and Ultra mark the first major US music events dropped from the calendar. Coachella, the marquee music festival set to kick off the weekend of April 10 in the California desert, did not immediately respond to an AFP request for confirmation on whether the event will go ahead. Each spring hundreds of thousands of festival-goers descend on the grounds of Indio over two three-day weekends. This year Rage Against The Machine, Frank Ocean and Travis Scott are set to headline. In late January the Boston Symphony Orchestra announced it would cancel a four-city Asia tour from February 6-16. New York's Metropolitan Opera issued a 14-day quarantine for performers, artists and other employees returning from China, Iran, South Korea, Japan, Italy and Hong Kong, but all programming was to go on as planned. Read the full article

[omgstupendousbouquetbasement]

SXSW Festival in Texas Canceled Over Coronavirus Fears

The South by Southwest festival in Texas has been cancelled due to concerns over the spread of the novel coronavirus, organizers and the host city of Austin said Friday.

The decision comes as coronavirus concerns grow stateside and pressure ramps up over whether to cancel entertainment and sporting events that draw large crowds.

"The city of Austin has cancelled the March dates for SXSW and SXSW EDU," the festival said in a statement. "SXSW will faithfully follow the city's directions."

Austin mayor Steve Adler told a news conference he had declared a local disaster in response to the coronavirus, and had "issued an order that effectively cancels South by Southwest for this year."

The music, tech and film festival was slated to take place March 13-22, although Netflix, Apple and Amazon had already pulled out.

More than 400,000 people attended the 2019 edition of SXSW, which was headquartered in the Texas capital's convention center but hosted many events spread throughout the city.

Texas has so far recorded a handful of novel coronavirus cases, and there have been more than 200 confirmed cases in the United States.

Earlier this week Austin said there was "no evidence that closing SXSW or any other gatherings will make the community safer" — but festival organizers said the situation had "evolved rapidly."

"We understand the gravity of the situation for all the creatives who utilize SXSW to accelerate their careers," organizers said, also acknowledging the hit to small theaters and vendors who rely on the annual business.

"We are exploring options to reschedule the event and are working to provide a virtual SXSW online experience as soon as possible for 2020 participants," SXSW said.

The SXSW announcement comes on the heels of Miami authorities saying they were cancelling the Florida beachfront city's annual Ultra electronic dance festival — which draws in more than 160,000 revelers — over coronavirus threats.

The March 20 to 22 event was to feature sets from major DJs including Gesaffelstein and Sofi Tukker.

Ultra has also canceled its edition of the festival in Abu Dhabi, which was scheduled for March 5-6.

The epidemic poses a particular challenge for Miami, which relies on tourism especially in March and April, when thousands of young people fly south for spring break.

There have been more than 100,000 confirmed coronavirus infections across 92 territories worldwide, according to AFP's latest toll, and almost 3,500 deaths. Florida has recorded nine cases.

The coronavirus epidemic has seen world markets tumble and dozens of postponed events throughout Asia and Europe.

But the cancellations of SXSW and Ultra mark the first major US music events dropped from the calendar.

Coachella, the marquee music festival set to kick off the weekend of April 10 in the California desert, did not immediately respond to an AFP request for confirmation on whether the event will go ahead.

Each spring hundreds of thousands of festival-goers descend on the grounds of Indio over two three-day weekends.

This year Rage Against The Machine, Frank Ocean and Travis Scott are set to headline.

In late January the Boston Symphony Orchestra announced it would cancel a four-city Asia tour from Feb. 6-16.

New York's Metropolitan Opera issued a 14-day quarantine for performers, artists and other employees returning from China, Iran, South Korea, Japan, Italy and Hong Kong, but all programming was to go on as planned.

from Blogger https://ift.tt/38ucjMl via IFTTT

[iamchengguo]

德语学习资源

德语学习资源

推荐 德语学习资源

关于一些德语网站的总结

目前，在中国也好，在德国也好。。 所有关于德国德语的中文网站很多都被商业所笼罩，所以必然的关于真正德语学习的内容相对减少，而增加了超多商务和商业的东西，本人总结了几个关于不错的德语学习网站，有很详细的德语学习资料，希望能给大家带去一点方便。。。。。。

新挑战德语 http://www.tzcool.com/german.asp （资料比较齐全，分类也比较细。）

中国德语界 http://www.germancn.com/de_default.asp （比较老牌，也有些使用的内容）

http://www.deutsch-online.com/ 这个网站对本人当时德语学习过程中有很大的帮助，但是应为他是德语网站，所以如果德语基础不是很好的人，那这个网站就相对有点困难！

歌德学院 http://www.goethe.de 学校学习外语是不错，但是网站上学习资料不是很多，但是为了提高阅读里面也有不少介绍德国的网站， 既可以了解德国又可以提高一点阅读能力，所以也可以考虑！

狼路的德语学习（http://home.debitel.net/user/xianjun/german/）

北贝的德语园地（http://www.deutschcn.org/）

http://www.passwort-deutsch.de/

非常好的◎德--英◎在线翻译网站 http://dict.tu-chemnitz.de/dings.cgi

上外的德语学习资料 http://www.yeworld.net/index/ge/

一个查找口语Partner的地方适合任何国家的语言学习者 http://speak2speak.de

TOM的德语聊天室 http://chat.tom.com/chat/

很不错的德汉在线字典 http://balder.prohosting.com/~zidian

卡尔斯鲁厄大学的dsh考试及Aufnahmepruefung http://www.uni-karlsruhe.de/~sk/daf_f.html

网上百科全书-德语解释德语 http://www.netlexikon.akademie.de/query

介绍德国历史/欧洲历史的德文网站 http://geschichtsverein.koengen.de/DtGesch.htm

http://www.hdg.de/

http://www.fln.vcu.edu/menu.html

http://www.geschi.de/webkatalog/deutschege/index.shtml

http://www.derweg.org/mwgesch/degeschtoc.html

http://www.deutschland.de/p_thema.php?lang=1&thema=58

http://www.nexusboard.net/index.php3?siteid=332

http://www.e-papyrus.de/index_home.html

http://212.227.232.60/slawen/

http://www.napoleon-online.de/

http://www.napoleon-online.de/

http://www.dfg.de/aktuelles_pres ... nstaltungen/damals/

http://www.geschi.de/

http://www.geschichtsforum.de/community/

http://www.documentarchiv.de/

http://dict.leo.org/ 一个很不错的在线德英词典

介绍中国茶的德语网站！

http://www.rdandt.com/german/index.html

http://www.benjowskitea.de/china/teehaus.htm

http://www.teebuch.de/

网上德语课堂 http://www.gdufs.edu.cn/xiyu/gwtourdt/course/nr/index.htm

介绍欧元的网站 http://www.euro.ecb.int/de.html

Learn German - Deutsch lernen http://www.golukas.de/

deutsch-online http://www.deutsch-online.com/

Forum Deutsch als Fremdsprache - Deutsch lehren und lernen mit dem Internet http://www.deutsch-als-fremdsprache.de/daf-uebungen/

Deutschlernen im Medienverbund - Forum STUFEN INTERNATIONAL http://www.stufen.de/

Studienkolleg TU Darmstadt - Projekt i-cal - übungsliste http://www.stk.tu-darmstadt.de/jcal/index.htm

übungen für Deutsch als Fremdsprache http://www.bdp.it/ictavagnacco/deutsch/

germanistik.net Internet Resources for Germanists Startseite (und Autoren-Links) http://polyglot.lss.wisc.edu/german/irfg/

德语语法 +++ http://members.aol.com/habikon/losgehts.htm

Interdeutsch-neu http://interdeutsch.de/

练习1 +++ http://www.inFORMatik.uni-bremen.de...chreibtest.html

UDO G. KLINGER - Inhalt http://members.aol.com/UdoKlinger/Inhalt.html

Kompass Deutsch 2 Dingsbums Online 德语练习 http://www.dlc.fi/~pohalone/kompass2/index.html

RECHTSCHREIBREFORM übersicht http://www.wuerzburg.de/rechtschrei...M/ortho98b.html

听力练习 http://www.stufen.de/material/test.htm

übungen für Deutsch als Fremdsprache http://www.bdp.it/ictavagnacco/deutsch/

http--members.aol.com-habikon-losgehts.htm http://members.aol.com/habikon/losgehts.htm

forum deutsch Begleitmaterial DaF Lehr- und übungsbuch der deutschen Grammatik http://www.forum-deutsch.de/bm/bm0101.htm

德国之声口语新闻 http://dw-world.de/chinese/0,3367,2146-0-0-B__,00.html#

还有

http://www.goethe.de

http://www.passwort-deutsch.de/lernen/

http://www.dshuni.de/

http://www.themen-neu.de/

http://www.vtuner.com/ 在线电台

lina und leo－－歌德学院的在线学习的东东，周游德国的15个城市

http://www.goethe.de/z/50/linaleo/mainmen2.htm

在这个Learn German - Deutsch lernen http://www.golukas.de/

http://punktde.ruhr-uni-bochum.de

http://german.about.com

上外网 http://www.yeworld.net/index/ge/

德语园地 cn.tom.com/german/index.html>

http://languagecn.tom.com/german/index.html

http://www.bbc.co.uk/languages/german/lj/

http://www.passwort-deutsch.de

补充：juju在FH Regensburg大学服务器上的德语学习资料！

http://homepages.fh-regensburg.de/~juz32968/

http://www.juma.de/

德国概况相关网站

http://www.germany-info.org 德国概况

http://www.city.net/countries/germany 城市概况

http://www.hochschulkompass.hrk.de/ 德国大学指南

http://www.djh.de/ 一个青年旅馆的网址

德国政治相关站点

http://www.bundesrat.de 联邦议院和参议院

http://www.bundespraesident.de 总统介绍

http://www.bundesregierung.de 德国政府

http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de 德国外交部

http://www.bundestag.de 德国议会

http://www.cdu.de 基督教民主联盟

http://www.csu.de 基督教社会联盟

http://www.liberale.de 自由民主党

http://www.spd.de 社会民主党

http://www.pds-online.de 民主社会主义党

http://www.gruene.de 绿党90

http://www.wahlatlas.de 1949年以来的大选资料

http://www.statistik-bund.de 德国联邦统计局

http://www.bundeswehr.de 国防部

http://www.umweltbundesamt.de 环境部

http://www.bmbf.de 教育科研部

http://www.dtbotschaftpeki.org.cn 德国驻华使馆

德国文化、教育、科技相关网站

http://www.infas.de 德国民意测验数据

http://www.germany-live.de 德国新闻，商业，运动和文化信息

http://www.dent.hes-mu.urn.de 慕尼黑的德国博物馆

http://www.dhm.de 艺术和工艺站点

http://www.filmfest-berlin.de 柏林电影节

http://spielfilm.de 德国电影

http://www.bier.de 啤酒

http://www.germanwine.de 德国葡萄酒

http://www.sport.de 体育报道

http://www.sportschau.de ARD体育新闻

http://www.dsf.de 德国体育电视台

http://www.top-info.de/thein/fussball/buliga.html 德甲赛况

http://www.avh.de 洪堡基金

http://www.daad.de 德国学术交流中心

http://www.goethe.de 歌德学院

http://www.ebis.de/center 留德信息服务中心

http://www.dino-online.de/seiten/ge02u.htm 德国大学名录

http://www.hochschuIkompass.hrk.de德国大学校长联席会议提供的大学指南

http://www.forum-deutsch.de 德语论坛

http://www.bauhaus-dessau.de 造型艺术学校：鲍豪斯

http://www.wissenschaft.de（科学画报）网刊

http://www.gmd.de 国际信息技术研究中心

http://www.spektrum.de 科学技术杂志《光谱》

http://www.fhg.de 德国最大的应用科学研究组织

http://www.themen-neu.de/ Themen-new是德国比较著名的德语教材之一,这是他们的网站.

http://www.quickdic.de 一个下载德英词典的网址

http://www.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de/O ... brary/index.de.html科研信息索引，提供大量与科研机构的链接

网上学德语 II

http://www.udoklinger.de/Grammatik/inhalt.htm

--Deutsche Grammatik on-line--

http://www.wm.edu/CAS/modlang/gasmit/gramm...mar/grammnu.htm

--On-line German Grammar practice--

http://www.yeworld.net/german/

--上外网--

http://home.t-online.de/home/robert_maier/avhomee.htm

--Active Vocab - 动态单词本 (英文)--

http://www.ultralingua.com/en/windownload.html

--Ultra Lingua English - Germany Dictionary 下载 (英文)--

http://anas.worldonline.es/learners/edu/flash2.htm

--词汇练习软件下载 (英文)--

http://download.cnet.com/downloads/1,10150...cation&ca=10011

--German related programs 下载(英文)--

http://download.cnet.com/downloa ... an&cn=&ca=0

--list of Shareware programs for language 下载 (英文)--

http://download.cnet.com/downloads/0,10151...35591-ron.bc.gp

--Over 200 teaching tools 下载 (英文)--

http://www.theabsolute.net/sware/getrans.html

--GE_Trans - 下载德英字典 (英文)--

http://download-tipp.de/Detail/3612.shtml

--即译德英词典下载--

http://download-tipp.de/Detail/7487.shtml

--新德英词典下载 (需注册码)--

http://www.jmmgc.com/

--JMMG Vokabeltrainer 附有德英字典下载--

http://willow.cats.ohiou.edu/~lrc/germanwa...ware/index.html

--GermanWare - 德语学习软件(英文) 下载--

http://members.nbci.com/_XMCM/streetgerman...ranslator53.exe

--Word Translator for Windows (English to German) 下载--

http://www.dwelle.de/dpradio/bildung/Welcome.html

--音响学习资料下载(德文)--

http://www.wuerzburg.de/spec/rechtschreibr...m/o-aktuel.html

--德语新正字法书写形式(德文)--

http://polyglot.lss.wisc.edu/german/links.html

--网上德语资源(德文)--

http://germ2.uibk.ac.at/germ/OeWB/

--奥地利德语及德语字典(德文)--

http://campus.cn.tom.com/

--校园 - 有学德文部份 (中文)--

http://dwelt.dhs.org/

--DWelt - 学德文 (德文)--

http://www.deutsche-kultur-international.de/eindex.htm

--德语国际交流(英文)--

http://www.dwelle.de/dpradio/bildung/deuts...en/Welcome.html

--供德文学习的媒体新闻(德文)--

http://www.stufen.de/

--stufe.de(德文)--

http://www.themen-neu.de/

--Themen Neu Homepage(德文)--

http://www.travlang.com/languages/german/ihgg/

--德语语法手册(英文)--

http://www.chinalink.de/sprache/beliebte_zeichen.html

--汉字的涵义 (德文)--

http://german.about.com/homework/german/li...fang_inhalt.htm

--German for Beginners (英文)--

http://german.about.com/homework/german/li...lanfang_abc.htm

--German for Beginners 德文字母发音 (英文)--

http://ingeb.org/Volksong.html

--德国民歌 (德文)--

http://www.bayswaterps.vic.edu.au/lote/mae...month/month.htm

--德国童话 (英文)--

http://faculty.acu.edu/~goebeld/maerchen/maermenu.htm

--德国童话 对词汇有英文注解(英文)--

http://donnerwetter.kielikeskus.helsinki.f...i/kursprogr.htm

--Deutschlernen Macht Spass 芬兰网站 (德文)--

http://www.german-way.com/german/gerweb.html

--Web Links for the German-Speaking World (英文)--

http://www.vaterundsohn.de/

--父与子漫画简介 (德文)--

http://www.fa-kuan.muc.de

--介绍中国的宋词及其它 (中英德对照)--

http://www.fa-kuan.muc.de/MAO.RXML

--介绍中国的宋词及其它 毛泽东诗词 (中德对照)--

http://www.mls-marburg.de/schueler/mao/mao5.html

--关于毛泽东 (德文)--

http://www.fa-kuan.muc.de/liho/LIHODB.RXML

--介绍中国的宋词及其它 李贺诗 (中德对照)--

http://www.muc.de/~tueting/bookm.rxml

--谛法官的第一家页--

http://www.people.virginia.edu/~jbl4q/germ...an/grammar.html

--German Language Resource (中英对照)--

http://home.knuut.de/joszi

--学习中文 (中德对照)--

http://www.testdaf.de/

--德文标准考试TestDaf官方站点(德文)--

http://www.testdaf.de/modellsatz/lv/lv1-bu...psAufgabe.html1

--特福试题及答案--文--

http://www.uni-wuerzburg.de/zsm/De/dsh.html

--DSH 样卷--

http://dreamabroad.net/chinese/html/test/d...sh/test001.html

--另一 DSH 样卷--

http://www.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de/~sk/dsh_fb.html

--又一 DSH 样卷--

http://www.uni-goettingen.de/studium/lekto...rat-daf/dsh.htm

--DSH 简介(德文)--

http://www.goethe.de/i/deitest.htm

--网上测试德语水平(德文)--

http://www.goethe-verlag.com/tests/index.htm

--测验词汇量 (英文)--

http://www.goethe-verlag.com/tests/DE/DE.HTM

--德文>>>英文测验100项 (德文)--

http://www.vokabel.com/german.html

--基本词汇量测验(德文)--

http://members.nbci.com/_XMCM/streetgerman...oerterbuch.html

--德文马路用语字典--

http://dict.leo.org/

--德英词典--

http://www.iee.et.tu-dresden.de/cgi-bin/cg...rnerr/search.sh

--网上英德字典(德文)--

http://free.prohosting.com/~taukim/jataux/dict.html

--德英英德词典 - 可查短句--

http://wortschatz.informatik.uni-leipzig.de/index.html

--来比锡大学网上德语词汇(德文)--

http://www.chinlex.de:8000/gb/fachwb/index.htm

--专业词典(汉德)--

http://www.chinlex.de:8000/d/fachwb/index.htm

--专业词典(德汉)--

http://babelfish.altavista.com/translate.d...pplet=slangsoft

--Altavista 网上翻译(英文)--

http://www.anglizismus.de/

--Anglizismen in Deutschen (德文)--

http://polyglot.lss.wisc.edu/german/irfg/

--germanistik.net Internet Resources for Germanists (英文)--

http://www.andreasguder.keyspace.de/

--德籍在华教师顾安达的网站(德文)--

http://www.geocities.com/CollegePark/Hall/...1238/intro.html

--网上德文教程(英文)--

下面的网站资源可能与上面的有很多重复， 参考！

学习德语的网站

中文德语学习网站

跟我学德语

http://german.learningwithme.com

中国德语界

http://www.germancn.com

Deutsche Grammatik on-line

http://www.udoklinger.de/Grammatik/inhalt.htm

德国之声的德语学习资料

http://www.dw-world.de/chinese/0,3367,2583,00.html

Learn German - Deutsch lernen

http://www.golukas.de/

德语在线

http://www.deutsch-online.com/

介绍欧元知识

http://www.euro.ecb.int/de.html

Forum Deutsch als Fremdsprache - Deutsch lehren und lernen mit dem Internet

http://www.deutsch-als-fremdsprache.de/daf-uebungen/

Deutschlernen im Medienverbund - Forum STUFEN INTERNATIONAL

http://www.stufen.de/

Studienkolleg TU Darmstadt - Projekt i-cal - übungsliste

http://www.stk.tu-darmstadt.de/jcal/index.htm

übungen für Deutsch als Fremdsprache http://www.bdp.it/ictavagnacco/deutsch/

germanistik.net Internet Resources for Germanists Startseite (und Autoren-Links)

http://polyglot.lss.wisc.edu/german/irfg/

德语语法

http://members.aol.com/habikon/losgehts.htm

Interdeutsch-neu

http://interdeutsch.de/

练习1

http://www.informatik.uni-bremen.de...chreibtest.html

UDO G. KLINGER - Inhalt

http://members.aol.com/UdoKlinger/Inhalt.html

Kompass Deutsch 2 Dingsbums Online德语练习http://www.dlc.fi/~pohalone/kompass2/index.html

听力练习

http://www.stufen.de/material/test.htm

übungen für Deutsch als Fremdsprache http://www.bdp.it/ictavagnacco/deutsch/

歌德学院

http://www.goethe.de

http://www.passwort-deutsch.de/lernen/

http://www.dshuni.de/

http://www.themen-neu.de/

http://www.vtuner.com/ 在线电台

lina und leo－－歌德学院的在线学习的东东，周游德国的15个城市

http://www.goethe.de/z/50/linaleo/mainmen2.htm

http://punktde.ruhr-uni-bochum.de

http://german.about.com

上外网

http://www.yeworld.net/index/ge/

德语园地

http://language.cn.tom.com/german/index.html

http://www.bbc.co.uk/languages/german/lj/

德国概况

http://www.germany-info.org

城市概况

http://www.city.net/countries/germany

德国大学指南

http://www.hochschulkompass.hrk.de/

一个青年旅馆的网址

http://www.djh.de/

德国政治相关站点

http://www.bundesrat.de 联邦议院和参议院

http://www.bundespraesident.de 总统介绍

http://www.bundesregierung.de 德国政府

http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de 德国外交部

http://www.bundestag.de 德国议会

http://www.cdu.de 基督教民主联盟

http://www.csu.de 基督教社会联盟

http://www.liberale.de 自由民主党

http://www.spd.de 社会民主党

http://www.pds-online.de 民主社会主义党

http://www.gruene.de 绿党90

http://www.wahlatlas.de 1949年以来的大选资料

http://www.statistik-bund.de 德国联邦统计局

http://www.bundeswehr.de 国防部

http://www.umweltbundesamt.de 环境部

http://www.bmbf.de 教育科研部

http://www.dtbotschaftpeki.org.cn 德国驻华使馆

德国文化、教育、科技相关网站

http://www.infas.de 德国民意测验数据

http://www.germany-live.de 德国新闻，商业，运动和文化信息

http://www.dent.hes-mu.urn.de 慕尼黑的德国博物馆

http://www.dhm.de 艺术和工艺站点

http://www.filmfest-berlin.de 柏林电影节

http://spielfilm.de 德国电影

http://www.bier.de 啤酒

http://www.germanwine.de 德国葡萄酒

http://www.sport.de 体育报道

http://www.sportschau.de ARD体育新闻

http://www.dsf.de 德国体育电视台

http://www.top-info.de/thein/fussball/buliga.html 德甲赛况

http://www.avh.de 洪堡基金

http://www.daad.de 德国学术交流中心

http://www.goethe.de 歌德学院

http://www.ebis.de/center 留德信息服务中心

http://www.dino-online.de/seiten/ge02u.htm 德国大学名录

http://www.hochschuIkompass.hrk.de德国大学校长联席会议提供的大学指南

http://www.forum-deutsch.de 德语论坛

http://www.bauhaus-dessau.de 造型艺术学校：鲍豪斯

http://www.wissenschaft.de（科学画报）网刊

http://www.gmd.de 国际信息技术研究中心

http://www.spektrum.de 科学技术杂志《光谱》

http://www.fhg.de 德国最大的应用科学研究组织

http://www.themen-neu.de/ Themen-new是德国比较著名的德语教材之一,这是他们的网站.

http://www.quickdic.de 一个下载德英词典的网址

http://www.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de/O ... brary/index.de.html科研信息索引，提供大量与科研机构的链接

德国历史相关网站

http://www.geschichte.2me.net 德国历史

http://kaiserreich.home.Pages.de 德意志帝国史

http://www.hdg.de 德国当代史（1945年至今）

http://www.dhm.de 德国历史博物馆

http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/subject/hd/fak7/hist/cl/de 历史学网上图书馆

德国新闻媒体相关网站

http://www.dpa.de 德新社

http://www.ard.de 德国电视一台

http://www.zdf.de 德国电视二台

http://www.dwelle.de 德国之声

http://www.rtl.de RTL电视台

http://www.satl.de Satl电视台

http://www.focus.de《焦点》杂志

http://www.spiegel.de《明镜》周刊

http://www.welt.de《世界报》

德国网站搜索引擎

http://www.aladin.de

http://www.allesklar.de

http://www.altavista.com

http://www.appollo7.de

http://www.austronaut.ims.at

http://www.crawler.de

http://www.dino-online.de

http://www.eule.de

http://www.fireball.de

http://www.infoseek.com

http://www.intersearch.de

http://www.kolibri.de

http://www.lycos.com

http://www.metager.de

http://www.nathan.de

http://www.papaerball.de（可查询和访问德国所有上网的报纸网址）

http://www.sharelook.de

http://www.spider.de

http://www.web.de

http://www.yahoo.com

http://www.harenberglexikon.de（提供德国和国际政治、经济等各领域新词汇解释）

*************

国内德语网站

http://www.schanghai.com 上海德台

http://www.ild.com/demos/german/index.shtml

http://dwelt.home.dhs.org

http://chemweb.tongji.edu.cn/dwelt/

http://bioinfo.tongji.edu.cn/dwelt/

Babylon词典国内下载 http://202.120.189.84/dwelt/down.php?chan=soft&chan1=dict 或 http://chemweb.tongji.edu.cn/dwe ... soft&chan1=dict

一个介绍中国文化和新闻的网站

http://web12.cri.com.cn/germany/

非常好的◎德--英◎在线翻译网站

http://dict.tu-chemnitz.de/dings.cgi

上外的德语学习资料

http://www.yeworld.net/index/ge/

一个查找口语Partner的地方

适合任何国家的语言学习者 http://speak2speak.de

TOM的德语聊天室

http://chat.tom.com/chat/

很不错的德汉在线字典

http://balder.prohosting.com/~zidian

卡尔斯鲁厄大学的dsh考试及Aufnahmepruefung

http://www.uni-karlsruhe.de/~sk/daf_f.html

网上百科全书-德语解释德语

http://www.netlexikon.akademie.de/query

介绍德国历史/欧洲历史的德文网站

http://geschichtsverein.koengen.de/DtGesch.htm

http://www.hdg.de/

http://www.fln.vcu.edu/menu.html

http://www.geschi.de/webkatalog/deutschege/index.shtml

http://www.derweg.org/mwgesch/degeschtoc.html

http://www.deutschland.de/p_thema.php?lang=1&thema=58

http://www.nexusboard.net/index.php3?siteid=332

http://www.e-papyrus.de/index_home.html

http://212.227.232.60/slawen/

http://www.napoleon-online.de/

http://www.napoleon-online.de/

http://www.dfg.de/aktuelles_pres ... nstaltungen/damals/

http://www.geschi.de/

http://www.geschichtsforum.de/community/

http://www.documentarchiv.de/

http://dict.leo.org/

一个很不错的在线德英词典

介绍中国茶的德语网站！

http://www.rdandt.com/german/index.html

http://www.benjowskitea.de/china/teehaus.htm

http://www.teebuch.de/

网上德语课堂

http://www.gdufs.edu.cn/xiyu/gwtourdt/course/nr/index.htm

父与子漫画

http://www.vaterundsohn.de/

网上测单词

http://www.vokabel.com/german.html

[readersforum]

Do I Still Need a .com TLD For My Business?

New Post has been published on http://www.readersforum.tk/do-i-still-need-a-com-tld-for-my-business/

Do I Still Need a .com TLD For My Business?

Choosing a domain name for your business often goes something like this:

1. After hours of brainstorming, you discover the perfect domain name only to find out it was registered 20 years ago.

2. After a few more hours, you settle on another choice only to find out a payment of $50,000 was required.

3. After more hours and more iterations, you end up buying a .com domain name that you don’t feel great about.

This often happens due to the limited supply of top-level domains (TLDs) combined with the recommendation that all businesses should choose a .com or country-code TLD. But does having a common domain extension still matter? Should businesses still buy a .com domain name?

What is a top-level domain?

Before digging into the pros and cons of .coms vs. other TLDs, here’s a brief refresher on domain name terminology.

A top-level domain or TLD is the last segment of a domain name. For example, the most common TLD is .com. Other popular TLDs include .gov, .net, .and .edu. There are also country-code top-level domains (ccTLDs) like .ca (Canada), .uk (United Kingdom), and .in (India).

One other note is that top-level domains are sometimes referred to as domain extensions or domain endings. For brevity, I’ll call them TLDs going forward. To learn more about other terms like subdomains and second-level level domains, check out our guide on What is a Domain?

Per ICANN, there are currently 1,532 TLDs for businesses to choose from. That’s an almost endless number of combinations. But should businesses use one that doesn’t end with .com? Read on to learn more about the pros and cons of non-dotcoms.

Do TLDs matter for SEO?

One of the most commonly asked questions about new TLDs is whether they affect SEO. Here’s a direct, 36-pixel sized quote from Google’s Guide on Traditional vs. New Domain Endings:

“Using a new domain ending will not hurt your search presence.”

This makes sense when you think about all the different ways Google can analyze page quality like backlinks, content analysis, search metrics, traffic metrics, and 200 other proven or theorized factors detailed by Backlinko. Another much simpler way to confirm Google’s stance on new TLDs is to notice that they own and use many like https://abc.xyz/, https://docs.new, and https://domains.google.

In other words, .com domains do not rank higher in search due to their TLD. However, they might indirectly rank higher due to Google’s preference for aged brands.

An aged brand is a website or company with a long track record of quality content, frequent updates, and technical uptime. If most other factors are close or equal, a page on an established brand will almost always rank higher than a page on a newer, less proven brand. And seeing that .com domains still make up 46.8% of ranked TLD usage per W3Techs, most aged brands are likely to be .coms.

So if you’re looking to purchase an existing website, a .com domain name might indirectly provide more search value. However, if you’re buying a new domain name, the TLD you choose will not affect your search rank.

Will a non-dotcom TLD help or hurt your company’s brand?

This is a very tough, subjective question with three likely answers:

1. A non-dotcom TLD will help customers remember your brand and serve as a unique differentiator.

2. A non-dotcom TLD will make your brand seem suspect and less reputable.

3. Customers won’t notice your TLD or won’t care about it.

The most frequent answer for your brand probably depends on customer demographics, traffic sources, and other factors.

For example, if you have a tech-savvy audience, they’re probably more likely to be familiar and comfortable with a different TLD. Technical people are frequently early adopters that understand and gravitate toward new, emerging trends. They might also be more likely to notice and care about the TLD you choose.

Alternatively, if you’re selling services to businesses in more traditional industries, your audience might see a non-dotcom as questionable. Paul Graham, the co-founder of the startup accelerator and seed capital firm Y Combinator, believes that B2B businesses, in particular, should prefer a .com whenever possible.

As mentioned in a Forbes article and accompanying tweet, Graham said,

“All other things being equal, .com domain names are preferable, and things are way more equal than people attached to their current name realize.” He also stated that, “dot-com domains are probably more important for B2B, because there you need the legitimacy.”

Finally, it’s always possible that your TLD won’t affect your brand positively or negatively. If your website consists of a lot of single-page, mobile traffic, maybe your customers won’t even notice what your domain name is. Overall, as different TLDs become more common, your customers will likely be equally comfortable with whatever you choose.

Will a new TLD cost more than a .com?

Most popular, new TLDs typically cost about the same as a .com. Per DomainNameStats, .xyz currently has an average price of $0.75, which is actually less than the average price of a .com. .club also has a very affordable average of $0.99. Most other options have similar, reasonable prices but there are some exceptions.

If you’re looking to buy a .makeup domain name, that will currently cost you an average of $5,783.59. I guess I’ll have to find another place to share my extensive collection of beauty tips. Other examples of expensive TLDs include .auto ($2,000), .rich ($1,596), .bank ($801), and .tickets ($389).

Prices might also change when it comes time to renew your domain name. The cost of a domain name is primarily determined by the domain registry (e.g., Verisign, Donuts, or Uniregistry) and the domain registrar (e.g., Google Domains, Namecheap, or GoDaddy). The domain registry first negotiates a price with ICANN, a non-profit that helps prevent unfair price increases. The domain registrar then marks up that negotiated price a little.

Price raises during renewals are typically due to the domain registrar. Some domain registrars are notorious for bait and switching with a low, initial price that increases upon auto-renewal. Questionable price increases are one of the many reasons that choosing a reliable, ethical domain registrar is important.

Are there any risks with a new TLD?

One small, almost irrelevant risk is that some websites or older software won’t be able to recognize your URL is valid. For example, when you create a social media post that links to your company’s website, Facebook or Twitter recognizes it’s a URL and is able to convert it into a clickable link. Some software struggles to do this with newer TLDs.

This scenario is pretty rare as most major websites quickly add support for new TLDs, but you might want to register a .com domain that redirects to your website just in case. You also might want to avoid being an ultra-early adopter of future TLDs.

Another likely negligible risk is that customers will have a tougher time finding your website when they manually type in your domain name. This probably isn’t a big deal because most Internet traffic comes from either search, social, referrals, advertisements, or email.

A study by Conductor using 310 million website visits found that only 12-29% of web traffic was actually “direct” traffic, and a much smaller percentage of that traffic is people typing your domain name into their browser.

As detailed by Moz, direct traffic sometimes includes a variety of scenarios like misattributed search traffic, “dark social” traffic, non-web documents, and improper redirects. It also probably includes some bot traffic. A more realistic estimate of actual direct traffic is probably anywhere from 0-5%.

Are there any indirect risks with a new TLD?

One indirect risk of a new TLD is that some are only available at a limited number of domain registrars. Not only could this lead to a higher price, but this might make you more prone to losing your domain name if you’re forced to use an unreliable registrar.

You should ideally try to purchase a domain name from a registrar that you believe is ethical and technically competent enough to maintain the security of your domain name. An unreliable registrar can lead to minor annoyances or major issues like accidentally transferring your domain name to hackers. A full range of possibilities is discussed in a Stack Exchange thread.

With that said, registrar horror stories are extremely rare. Most top registrars obtained their status by providing ethical, quality service. But like any service provider you do business with, you should try to evaluate a domain registrar’s competency, ethics, and other risk factors.

So should I still choose a .com domain for my business?

As seen above, there’s a lot of different questions to consider. Personally, I believe that if you’re happy with an available .com domain name, you should choose that. But if you’re not, you should strongly consider a different TLD.

In my opinion, having a brand that you believe in is way more important than settling on a name due to a concept that’s quickly becoming obsolete. Having a new TLD might even make your brand stand out.

If you agree and you’re ready to try out a new TLD, our guide on How to Choose a Domain Extension is a great place to start.

[webart-studio]

Do I Nonetheless Want a .com TLD For My Enterprise?

Selecting a site identify for your enterprise usually goes one thing like this:

1. After hours of brainstorming, you uncover the proper area identify solely to seek out out it was registered 20 years in the past.

2. After a couple of extra hours, you decide on one other selection solely to seek out out a fee of $50,000 was required.

3. After extra hours and extra iterations, you find yourself shopping for a .com area identify that you just don’t really feel nice about.

This usually occurs because of the restricted provide of top-level domains (TLDs) mixed with the advice that every one companies ought to select a .com or country-code TLD. However does having a typical area extension nonetheless matter? Ought to companies nonetheless purchase a .com area identify?

What’s a top-level area?

Earlier than digging into the professionals and cons of .coms vs. different TLDs, right here’s a short refresher on area identify terminology.

A top-level area or TLD is the final phase of a site identify. For instance, the commonest TLD is .com. Different in style TLDs embrace .gov, .web, .and .edu. There are additionally country-code top-level domains (ccTLDs) like .ca (Canada), .uk (United Kingdom), and .in (India).

One different notice is that top-level domains are generally known as area extensions or area endings. For brevity, I’ll name them TLDs going ahead. To study extra about different phrases like subdomains and second-level degree domains, take a look at our information on What’s a Area?

Per ICANN, there are at present 1,532 TLDs for companies to select from. That’s an nearly infinite variety of mixtures. However ought to companies use one which doesn’t finish with .com? Learn on to study extra in regards to the professionals and cons of non-dotcoms.

Do TLDs matter for website positioning?

One of the generally requested questions on new TLDs is whether or not they have an effect on website positioning. Right here’s a direct, 36-pixel sized quote from Google’s Information on Conventional vs. New Area Endings:

“Utilizing a brand new area ending won’t damage your search presence.”

This is sensible when you consider all of the other ways Google can analyze web page high quality like backlinks, content material evaluation, search metrics, site visitors metrics, and 200 different confirmed or theorized elements detailed by Backlinko. One other a lot easier method to affirm Google’s stance on new TLDs is to note that they personal and use many like https://abc.xyz/, https://docs.new, and https://domains.google.

In different phrases, .com domains don’t rank larger in search as a result of their TLD. Nonetheless, they could not directly rank larger as a result of Google’s desire for aged manufacturers.

An aged model is a web site or firm with an extended monitor document of high quality content material, frequent updates, and technical uptime. If most different elements are shut or equal, a web page on a longtime model will nearly all the time rank larger than a web page on a more recent, much less confirmed model. And seeing that .com domains nonetheless make up 46.8% of ranked TLD utilization per W3Techs, most aged manufacturers are more likely to be .coms.

So in case you’re trying to buy an present web site, a .com area identify would possibly not directly present extra search worth. Nonetheless, in case you’re shopping for a brand new area identify, the TLD you select won’t have an effect on your search rank.

Will a non-dotcom TLD assist or damage your organization’s model?

It is a very powerful, subjective query with three doubtless solutions:

1. A non-dotcom TLD will assist clients keep in mind your model and function a novel differentiator.

2. A non-dotcom TLD will make your model appear suspect and fewer respected.

3. Prospects gained’t discover your TLD or gained’t care about it.

Essentially the most frequent reply to your model in all probability relies on buyer demographics, site visitors sources, and different elements.

For instance, when you have a tech-savvy viewers, they’re in all probability extra more likely to be acquainted and cozy with a distinct TLD. Technical persons are steadily early adopters that perceive and gravitate towards new, rising traits. They may even be extra more likely to discover and care in regards to the TLD you select.

Alternatively, in case you’re promoting companies to companies in additional conventional industries, your viewers would possibly see a non-dotcom as questionable. Paul Graham, the co-founder of the startup accelerator and seed capital agency Y Combinator, believes that B2B companies, specifically, ought to favor a .com every time attainable.

As talked about in a Forbes article and accompanying tweet, Graham mentioned,

“All different issues being equal, .com domains are preferable, and issues are far more equal than folks connected to their present identify notice.” He additionally acknowledged that, “dot-com domains are in all probability extra essential for B2B, as a result of there you want the legitimacy.”

Lastly, it’s all the time attainable that your TLD gained’t have an effect on your model positively or negatively. In case your web site consists of a number of single-page, cellular site visitors, possibly your clients gained’t even discover what your area identify is. Total, as totally different TLDs turn out to be extra frequent, your clients will doubtless be equally comfy with no matter you select.

Will a brand new TLD value greater than a .com?

Hottest, new TLDs sometimes value about the identical as a .com. Per DomainNameStats, .xyz at present has a median value of $0.75, which is definitely lower than the common value of a .com. .membership additionally has a really reasonably priced common of $0.99. Most different choices have comparable, cheap costs however there are some exceptions.

In the event you’re trying to purchase a .make-up area identify, that can at present value you a median of $5,783.59. I suppose I’ll have to seek out one other place to share my in depth assortment of magnificence ideas. Different examples of pricey TLDs embrace .auto ($2,000), .wealthy ($1,596), .financial institution ($801), and .tickets ($389).

Costs may additionally change when it comes time to resume your area identify. The price of a site identify is primarily decided by the area registry (e.g., Verisign, Donuts, or Uniregistry) and the area registrar (e.g., Google Domains, Namecheap, or GoDaddy). The area registry first negotiates a value with ICANN, a non-profit that helps stop unfair value will increase. The area registrar then marks up that negotiated value a bit.

Worth raises throughout renewals are sometimes because of the area registrar. Some area registrars are infamous for bait and switching with a low, preliminary value that will increase upon auto-renewal. Questionable value will increase are one of many many causes that selecting a dependable, moral area registrar is essential.

Are there any dangers with a brand new TLD?

One small, nearly irrelevant danger is that some web sites or older software program gained’t be capable to acknowledge your URL is legitimate. For instance, if you create a social media publish that hyperlinks to your organization’s web site, Fb or Twitter acknowledges it’s a URL and is ready to convert it right into a clickable hyperlink. Some software program struggles to do that with newer TLDs.

This state of affairs is fairly uncommon as most main web sites shortly add assist for brand new TLDs, however you would possibly wish to register a .com area that redirects to your web site simply in case. You additionally would possibly wish to keep away from being an ultra-early adopter of future TLDs.

One other doubtless negligible danger is that clients can have a harder time discovering your web site once they manually sort in your area identify. This in all probability isn’t a giant deal as a result of most Web site visitors comes from both search, social, referrals, ads, or electronic mail.

A examine by Conductor utilizing 310 million web site visits discovered that solely 12-29% of net site visitors was really “direct” site visitors, and a a lot smaller share of that site visitors is folks typing your area identify into their browser.

As detailed by Moz, direct site visitors generally consists of quite a lot of eventualities like misattributed search site visitors, “darkish social” site visitors, non-web paperwork, and improper redirects. It additionally in all probability consists of some bot site visitors. A extra sensible estimate of precise direct site visitors might be anyplace from 0-5%.

Are there any oblique dangers with a brand new TLD?

One oblique danger of a brand new TLD is that some are solely accessible at a restricted variety of area registrars. Not solely might this result in the next value, however this would possibly make you extra susceptible to dropping your area identify in case you’re pressured to make use of an unreliable registrar.

It’s best to ideally attempt to buy a site identify from a registrar that you just imagine is moral and technically competent sufficient to take care of the safety of your area identify. An unreliable registrar can result in minor annoyances or main points like by accident transferring your area identify to hackers. A full vary of prospects is mentioned in a Stack Alternate thread.

With that mentioned, registrar horror tales are extraordinarily uncommon. Most prime registrars obtained their standing by offering moral, high quality service. However like all service supplier you do enterprise with, it is best to attempt to consider a site registrar’s competency, ethics, and different danger elements.

So ought to I nonetheless select a .com area for my enterprise?

As seen above, there’s a number of totally different questions to think about. Personally, I imagine that in case you’re proud of an accessible .com area identify, it is best to select that. However in case you’re not, it is best to strongly think about a distinct TLD.

In my view, having a model that you just imagine in is far more essential than deciding on a reputation as a result of an idea that’s shortly turning into out of date. Having a brand new TLD would possibly even make your model stand out.

In the event you agree and also you’re able to check out a brand new TLD, our information on How one can Select a Area Extension is a good place to start out.

(function() { var _fbq = window._fbq || (window._fbq = []); if (!_fbq.loaded) { var fbds = document.createElement('script'); fbds.async = true; fbds.src = "http://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbds.js"; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(fbds, s); _fbq.loaded = true; } _fbq.push(['addPixelId', '770933992942418']); })(); window._fbq = window._fbq || []; window._fbq.push(['track', 'PixelInitialized', {}]); Supply hyperlink

source https://webart-studio.com/do-i-nonetheless-want-a-com-tld-for-my-enterprise/

[agiraffewithacamera]

That's not your exhibit, pigeon!

[photomaniacs]

An Ultimate Guide to Every B&W ISO 400 35mm Film on the Market http://ift.tt/2wHtWtL

I’m photographer Andrew Branch, and this is my 400 speed, 35mm black-and-white film guide. In this guide, I will be comparing every 400 ISO black and white film which is actively being produced and readily available to the U.S. market, that I know about.

Before we get into it, you should know that I am a film enthusiast, but a novice in every sense of the word. Experienced film shooters will likely find my film review a bit naive and maybe insufficient. That’s fine, I’m not doing this for them. I’m making this guide because I haven’t found anything else out there that does this sort of in-depth comparison, which includes the new films released in 2017. The moment a more seasoned film expert decides to make a better one of these, I will gladly point people to her or his guide. But in the meantime, I’ll do the best I can and appreciate would patience from those who are more experienced.

Table of Contents

1. Methodology (2:38 in the video) 2. Film Histories and Characteristics (5:34) 3. Blind Test (17:57) 4. Analysis and Conclusions (41:14)

You should also know that this will not be a short guide. We’ll proceed like this. I’ll first explain how I conducted the testing for this guide, as transparently as possible. Next, I’m going to talk about the history and characteristics of each one of these emulsions. If you’re going to skip a section, this might be a good candidate, although, some may find this fascinating. After that, we’ll get to the most important section, and that is the blind testing to help you and I figure out what type of film we find most appealing. Finally, I’ll give you my own analysis, for those who are interested.

Now, you should know that the way any of these films look, both grain, contrast, sharpness, tonality, etc can all be drastically affected by your choice of developer, your development technique, and your scanning technique. The good news there is that, within reason, you can probably make most any film, developer, scanning, and post processing combination get you results you’re very pleased with if you experiment long enough. And any experienced film photographer would tell you that that’s exactly what you should do.

Pick a film and a developer that works for your budget and workflow, and start experimenting with developers, development times and methods. But, we all need a place to start. I’m hoping this guide will give you a point of departure. If it sparks your interest in a specific film or introduces you to a film you’ve never tried but decide you’d like to try, to me that makes the whole thing worth it.

Methodology

So let’s talk about how I did this. I wanted to start with four different photos that were taken in exactly the same conditions for each film. To do that I setup a tripod in the center of my living room and setup four different scenes to shoot. One shot through the window at a tree, a fence and a mountain on a bright, cloudless, summer day, one shot at a naturally lit metal art that I proudly welded myself, and then two portraits, one with some nice rim lighting against a white backdrop and the other against the dark interior of my home. As I progressed through each film I shot each scene with each film.

So I’ve given a lot of disclaimers so far, and I want to add yet one more, but this is probably the most important disclaimer. Except in the case of one film (which we’ll get to later), I used the same developer: Kodak HC 110.

For development times I stuck with times recommended in the Massive Dev Chart. Now, plenty of people will criticize my choice of developer and/or, the Massive Dev Chart. But for the purposes of this guide, we have to start somewhere, and testing each of these emulsions with even several of the more popular developers would be completely unrealistic. I spent a lot of time considering this and ultimately decided on Kodak HC 110 for a lot of reasons. HC 110 has been around forever and is known for being reliable and being able to produce predictable results.

In fact, this is the one Ansel Adams himself recommended for those learning the zone system. It has a long shelf life and it’s cheap to use as one-shot. It’s not great for pushing, but we’re not doing any of that for this test. At box speeds, I feel like it’s a strong choice for most of these films. For many of these films, people will argue that other developers would be better to start out with. I’m not disagreeing with that, but again, I had to start somewhere and I certainly can’t test all of them.

Additionally, several of the films I’m going to cover, people will claim are not “true 400-speed film.” People will say “the box says ISO 400, but everyone knows it works better when exposed with at 200 exposure index or blah blah blah. Look, that may be true of several of these films. However, if the box says it’s a 400-speed film, we’re going to treat it like a 400-speed film. Any film can be developed at a different ASA to yield different results. Just because you may like Foma developed at 200, for instance, doesn’t mean it’s invalid to develop it at the marketed box speed of 400. And that’s exactly what we’re going to do.

For scanning, I used the Epson V800 with the same settings for each scan. It’s important to note that a scanner acts like an on board image processor in a digital camera and will absolutely have an effect on the look of a film. Again, there’s just no way we can test a wider set of options. I think you’ll find that my scan probably adds a bit more contrast than what you’d get if we’d just have enlarged these. And I think that’s important to note.

Phew! That was a lot of disclaimers. Maybe I should have had you sign a waiver. But with the fine print out of the way, let’s start looking at the history and characteristics of these films.

Film History and Characteristics

We’ll start with the cheaper or what I would call the budget films. These are films typically used by students or the budget conscious photographer. And, weighing in at a pretty nine cents per frame (again, in USD), the cheapest of all of the films is Ultrafine Xtreme 400. I couldn’t find a lot of information on the history of this film. Though it is labeled as being produced in Europe, and many believe it to be another film simply rebranded, I can’t find any hard evidence to substantiate that claim.

It seems safe to assume that Harmon (maker of Kentmere and Ilford films) does the coating/finishing of this film, but I wouldn’t go so far as to say that this emulsion is simply Kentmere or HP5 as many claim. Regardless, this film, to me, is surprisingly high quality for one so cheap. It has low contrast with good latitude (define latitude), and I’d say a medium to fine grain. It dries flat and is great for scanning.

Next up is Fomapan, which, is also Arista EDU Ultra, which, is also HOLGA. It’s all the same emulsion. Fomapan 400 has been produced for by Foma, Czech company, for almost a hundred years. It is Europe’s popular budget-friendly brand. I’ve found that prices vary between its various brands, so I’ll usually watch and compare these prices and get the version which happens to be the cheapest at any given time.

Currently, Foma can be purchased in the states at the cost of 11 cents per frame. Fomapan’s grain is quite fine for an ISO400 traditional cubic grained emulsion. I’d call it a medium to strong contrast film which renders a bit on the soft side, with a bit more halation than, say, Kentmere. This halation, or retro film glow, is probably why the HOLGA version of this film exists, as this is usually seen as a virtue in the toy camera market. Unfortunately, it also scratches easily and some say becomes brittle after development. But it dries extremely flat and is super easy to scan.

Kentmere is owned by a Harman, which also creates the Ilford films. Kentmere represents Harman’s budget or student film and costs 11 cents per frame. Kentmere is a plastic-based film known for being soft and it scratches easily as a result. It dries fairly flat, though as a bit more bounce to it than Ultrafine Xtreme and Fomapan. It has very fine grain. It is sharp, medium contrast, but its grain tends to be clumpy and the film, in general, can yield unpredictable results. It definitely has lower quality standards than it’s Ilford cousins.

The next two films are what I would consider mid-range films preferred by documentary style photographers, where high quality and predictable results are important, but going through rolls and rolls of it necessitates keeping the price point low.

Like Kentmere, Ilford HP5+ is a product of the Harman technology company. It is a lower contrast film. It has good shadow detail and well-separated mid-tones with sharp grain. Although the contrast is low, there is a great deal of latitude in this film, which makes it great for pushing or flavoring the curves and contrast to taste, after scanning. Selling for about 14 cents per frame, currently, it might be less sharp than some films, but it will provide predictable and reproducible results. Like Kentmere, there is a bit more bounce to this film after drying. As a side note, I’ve found HP5+ fans to be some of the most loyal and enthusiastic in the community, more so, than perhaps, any of the other films that I’m talking about.

Next, we’ll talk about the oldest and arguably the most beloved black and white film, Kodak Tri-X. Introduced in 1940, to this day, Tri-X remains the world’s best-selling black and white film. When photographers combined its high-speed with the small 35mm form factor, it revolutionized photojournalism. It was used by most photojournalists for over three decades.

Tri-X has undergone a number of minor engineering changes during its long history. The modern version has smaller grain than the original. It’s known for its unique grain characteristics. It is the reason that many prefer film to digital. It’s also a cost-effective film, at 14 cents a frame. Tri-X is also known for its deep contrast. It’s a forgiving film, it’s accurate, consistent, has good tonal range, and scans well and sharp. Unfortunately, when Tri-X dries, it becomes difficult to scan, unless using glass film holders, owing to the lateral, rather than length-wise, curling.

With Agfa APX we need to emphasize that this is New Emulsion, which is not to be confused with the old emulsion which was much-loved by a loyal group of photographers until Agfa officially closed its doors in 2014. A European company, Lupus, purchased the trademark, but not the technology. With the name Agfa APX only for their film, I couldn’t figure out where their film technology came from. This film is considered inferior and cheaper than the original emulsion. It is known for being milky, faded, or having low contrast tonally. It does retain highlights well, but it’s also known for being unforgiving if exposure or development times are not nailed. This film is also a bit more pricey in the U.S. at 19 cents a frame. One redeeming quality of this film is how flat it dries. In my testing, it’s probably the flattest of all the emulsions.

Whereas Lupus may have inherited the Agfa APX name, Rollei inherited the technology. Most agree that Rollei RPX is the successor of the old Agfa APX. Rollei RPX is known for its high dynamic range and holding details in the shadow. It is fine grained and shows some high contrast. Allegedly, this film was designed to be pushed. While it was introduced as a low-cost film eight years ago or so, it currently sells at more on the expensive end at 18 cents per frame, in the US. Rollei RPX is a bit more challenging to scan than some, as it does have some significant curling after drying.

Rollei Retro 400S is the successor of Agfa Gevaert Aviphot which is an aerial film. It is considered an excellent fine art film and is characterized by high-contrast and tightly packed grain. With a bright red anti-halation layer (which you’ll see rinse away in development) it has extended infrared sensitivity, so you’ll see increased sensitivity to foliage, greenery, as well as red tones. The IR sensitivity enables penetration of haze in landscape photography. This film is unique among the other film types we’re looking at in that it’s a transparent film. The drawback here is that flaws and dust will appear much more easily in scanning. And speaking of scanning, this film has amongst the worst curling, making it rather difficult to work with. It’s also on the expensive end, at a current price of .25 cents per frame in the US.

The next two films we’ll be discussing are exciting to me since they are both new films. With the last few decades seeing film after film company shutters its windows, it really is encouraging to see two new films come out in the same year.

First up, we have the Bergger Pancromatic 400. It incorporates a dual emulsion design that gives it some of the tonality seen in some finer grain emulsions, but with a lot more forgiving results, which also allow for a wide range of pulling or pushing. Bergger claims this film will work well with virtually any developer. But, as a new black and white film, developed for a modern era, it has a flat profile which makes it a great choice for custom curves at scan time or in your favorite processor. This is an affordable film, at .14 cents per frame, in the US. About the only negative thing you can say about this new emulsion is that it dries with that same frustrating bowing you get from Tri-X.

This next film was also newly released in 2017 by a name familiar in the film resurgence movement of the digital age Bellamy Hunt, otherwise known as the Japan Camera Hunter. Bellamy was able to reproduce this film from an old discontinued surveillance film technology, which was originally made by AGFA. Having it put back into production, he has named it StreetPan 400. Streetpan is a flexible and forgiving, with higher than usual contrast. Similar to Rollei 400s Retro, it has some sensitivities to infrared and thus has good haze and fog penetration. The emulsion is coated onto a transparent polyester base. It is a thin emulsion and it dries flat. The one drawback of this film is its price in the US, weighing in at a whopping .27 cents per frame.

We’ll conclude with two films which are called T-grain films. Up until this point, we’ve been talking about classic or cubic grain structure. But a more modern development in film photography has been the t-grain emulsions. Without getting very technical (as I’m already outside of my comfort zone in this guide without delving into the science) I’ll just say that T-grain film is uniform in its grain characteristics. It allows for grain which is more predictable, more even, and also a lot less obvious than the classic or cubic grains of the other films we’ve been discussing, so far. T-grain is often compared to digital. It’s preferred by those who don’t like the grainy characteristics of most film. T-grain films are also more sensitive to variations in developer temperature, time, dilution, agitation etc. They are going to be less forgiving than classic films.

The first t-grain film we’ll discuss is Kodak T-MAX and Lady Gray (which is the same film). This film is very linear, tonally. It has very fine grain. The T-grain emulsion, as I mentioned, high sharpness and very high-edged detail. T-MAX is a great choice if you don’t like grain. The T-MAX base has a pink tint to it. Like Rollei Retro, T-MAX is also extremely curly upon drying but is also currently fairly affordable at .15 per frame.

Ilford Delta 400 is very comparable to T-MAX. And, while many will say, it’s not technically a t-grain like T-MAX, it uses a similar technology, and most just group them together as t-grain emulsions anyway. Like T-MAX, it is characterized by high sharpness, T-grain characteristics, wide latitude, linear tonality with not much contrast. The results you’ll get with Delta 400 are absolutely predictability but it also commands a higher price at .21 cents per frame. Delta is also a joy to scan, drying as flat as Ultrafine Xtreme and AGFA APX.

Finally, we have a bit of a black sheep in the 400 speed, black and white film comparison. And that is another Ilford film, the XP2 Super. XP2 is unique from all the rest in that it is not developed with black and white development processes, but rather, C-41, or color development chemicals and process.

Now, if you don’t ever plan to develop your own films, this will matter to you not at all. I’m not even sure the cost will be different if you take this to your local developer. However, if you do your own development, it matters. C-41 process is a bit more complicated than black and white. Black and white processing can be a lot more forgiving, with temperatures more of guidelines rather than die-hard rules. But with C-41 chemical temperatures matter a lot more and so does precision. Any miscalculation in your chemical measurements can screw things up a lot faster than with black and white. Now I don’t want to scare you away, I mean, I do both types of development, and if I can do it, trust me, you can do it.

But if you’re a beginner to film processing, I’d absolutely recommend starting with any of the films I’ve mentioned previously and not this one, as you’ll have an easier time of it. With that disclaimer out of the way, let’s talk about this film.

XP was released by Ilford in 1980 but has since progressed through a number of improvements. Like most Ilford films, Kodak had a competing product in BW400CN. In 2014 Kodak announced the discontinuation of BW400CN, which means that Ilford XP2 Super is the only black & white film on the market that can be developed using the C-41 process.

As, technically, a color (or chromogenic film), XP2 has what many consider an extremely strong advantage over all other traditional black and white films as it allows you to use Digital ICE during scanning.

Digital ICE is a feature in scanning software which can automatically remove dust and scratches because they have strongly contrasting infrared signatures. It becomes fairly easy for products like Silver Fast to remove a lot of this junk with one click. But since all other black and white films produce silver halides during the development, there is no infrared information, and thus, no Digital ICE. But XP2 Super does, giving it a distinct advantage for those who wish to make use of this feature when scanning. Additionally, XP2 has a similar exposure latitude to color negative film, so it can be exposed with an exposure index from ISO 50 to 800 on a single roll and be developed in traditional C-41 processing. This film is extremely sharp and is very smooth, tonally. Its grain is extremely subtle.

Blind Test

Now I know you’re probably anxious to dive into the actual photos. But first I’d love to share with you a tool I built to help myself to determine which film I want to commit to, long term, for myself. If this can also help you, then I’m happy to share it.

This spreadsheet is based on the split 10 decision-making process, though simplified a bit and customized to fit, specifically, to our blind film test.

If you’d like to use this template, all you need to do is go to this URL and then make a copy of it. Since this version is read-only, you won’t be able to make changes to it. To make your own copy, you can do this by downloading it as an Excel spreadsheet, if you’d prefer to work on your desktop, or go to “File > Make a copy” to create an editable version you can work with in your own Google Drive.

Once you’ve got a copy that you can edit, the first step is to rate your priorities when it comes to film in this second row here. Now keep in mind, I built this for myself and factors I consider when evaluating these films. You may have your own criteria and, as such, you may need to do some refactoring of this spreadsheet to get it to reflect this. But showing you to change the business rules on this spreadsheet is beyond the scope of this tutorial, so you’re on your own if you choose to go that route.

But assuming you’re ok with my own set of criteria, what you’re going to want to do first is to go through each of these criteria and rate how important each one is to you personally on a scale of 1-5, with 1 being not important at all and 5 being extremely important.

Once you’ve prioritized the various factors, the next step will be the actual blind test. To proceed with the test you can either follow along with the video, as I show you the result of the each of the 13 films in each of the scenes. Or you can download the contact sheets here and evaluate them at your leisure.

Analysis and Conclusions

Phew! That was a lot of work. So with the blind test out of the way, now comes the big reveal. Here are the film names associated to their letters:

A Ilford XP2 Super B Foma C Kentmere 400 D JCH StreetPan 400 E Kodak Tri-X 400 F Bergger Pancro 400 G AGFA APX 400 H Rollei Retro 400S I Ilford HP5+ J Kodak T-MAX 400 K Ilford Delta 400 Pro L Ultrafine Xtreme 400 M Rollei RPX 400

For those of you who used your own methods to evaluate these films, you’re done. Please let me know in the comments what your results were. I’m really curious to hear if they met your expectations or not and what you learned from this experiment.

For those who are using my spreadsheet, we do have a bit more work to do. First off, the way to reveal the actual names of the films is to expand column B (the easiest way to do this is to right click, go to “Resize column” and enter 160 pixels). After that, we need to complete the evaluation for the more empirical factors of price, scanability, scratch sensitivity, and infrared sensitivity.

For most of these numbers, you may be able to just use mine. Here is another link to a second version of this read-only spreadsheet. This one has my results, and you are welcome to copy numbers from the sections here which apply.

When it comes to price, if you live in US and it’s still 2017 you could probably just trust my numbers. If you don’t, what you’ll want to do is figure out the price per frame, as some of these films come in 24 frames in a roll and others 36. Here are the prices per frame in the US as of the time of me filming this video:

Ultrafine Xtreme 400 $0.09 Arista EDU Ultra 400 $0.11 Kentmere 400 $0.11 Ilford HP5+ $0.14 Kodak Tri-X 400 $0.14 Kodak T-MAX 400 $0.15 Bergger Pancro 400 $0.17 Rollei RPX 400 $0.18 AGFA APX 400 $0.19 ilford xp2 $0.19 Ilford Delta 400 Pro $0.21 Rollei Retro 400S $0.25 JCH StreetPan 400 $0.27

Next, you may just want to use my numbers here for scannability. These are based on how flat these films were able to lie for me when I scanned them.

Next, I have scratch resistance. After everything else, I ran a quick, not super scientific test to see how well these films hold up to being scratched with this plastic fork like object. After scratching I scanned them again and just studied how well these films held up against this scratching and rated them as best I could.

Finally, for infrared, I put 1s on everything but the three films which are particularly sensitive to infrared, and then on BW > c41, obviously you’re going to either have 12 1s and 1 5, or 12 5s and 1 1.

And here are my results. These results are super surprising to me. For those who watched my first version of this test, these results are extremely different. Part of the reason for this is that this time, I am taking into account things like scannability and price into the equation. But even more than that, I just think I had a better process of development and scanning this time.

At any rate, I am really amazed that the results, at least for me, aside from Ilford Delta, point to several films working best for me that I just never would have chosen without conducting these tests. As you may have picked up in my review of each film earlier on, I consider AGFA APX, Foma, and Ultrafine to be inferior films, for various reasons. And yet, here they are topping my personal charts next to Delta. I guess the good news here is that Ultrafine is extremely cheap. As I start shooting more seriously with this film, though, time will tell if it’s going to provide consistent and reliable results and if it provides my blind test results seem to think it has.

So what were your results? Does this test change anything for you? Has it sparked your interest in a new film? I’d love to hear about it in the comments?

Also, what can I improve in these tests? What would you like to see me change or do differently in the next one? I definitely have plans to do more of these, and I would love to hear what can make them better.

As hopefully is evident, these tests represent a lot of work and also some expense. I truly hope you found it valuable and that you’ll subscribe and support what we’re doing on our YouTube channel.

About the author: Andrew Branch and his wife Denae are a husband and wife photography team. You can find more of their work on their YouTube, Instagram, and Twitter.

Go to Source Author: Andrew Branch If you’d like us to remove any content please send us a message here CHECK OUT THE TOP SELLING CAMERAS!

The post An Ultimate Guide to Every B&W ISO 400 35mm Film on the Market appeared first on CameraFreaks.

August 26, 2017 at 10:08PM

[agiraffewithacamera]

I wonder what kind of car this is

[agiraffewithacamera]

Keeping watch

[agiraffewithacamera]

Looking for lunch

[hogbu]

Angles par radspix Via Flickr : Nikon F90X : 28-80mm Nikkor f/3.5-5.6D : Arista EDU Ultra 200 : PMK Pyro