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Vehicle Comfort And Convenience: Role Of Body Control Modules

Introduction:

Modern automobiles offer a variety of comfort and convenience amenities to improve the driving experience, making them more than just a means of transportation. The Body Control Module (BCM) manages several of these features in the background. In this blog post, we’ll examine the crucial part that body control modules play in enhancing the comfort, convenience, and fun of driving.

Body Control Module (BCM): What is it?

The electronic control center for a vehicle’s body and interior, known as the body control module, supervises and controls a number of electrical and electronic systems. It functions as the hub, linking and managing numerous systems, including those for lighting, power windows, door locks, climate control, audio, and more. In essence, the BCM orchestrates the harmony of many processes within the vehicle, much like the conductor of a symphony.

The Complex Functions of BCM in Vehicle Convenience and Comfort

Control of Interior Lighting: Controlling interior illumination is one of a body control module’s main duties. To improve comfort when driving at night, it not only regulates the on/off function of the cabin lights but also provides convenience features like delayed illumination, customizable interior ambient lighting, and automated dimming.

Sunroof and power windows: Power windows and sunroof functioning are made easier by the BCM. It guarantees accurate control, anti-pinch performance, and one-touch operation, enabling occupants to easily adjust windows and sunroofs.

Door Locks and Keyless Entry: The BCM controls keyless entry systems, remote key fobs, and auto-locking features. It controls the locking and unlocking of doors and might have features like passive entry, which opens the car’s doors for you as you get close using the key fob.

Climate Control: A comfortable interior temperature is maintained by sophisticated climate control systems found in many contemporary vehicles. For the best temperature comfort, the BCM controls the HVAC system, and fan speed, and even works with seat heaters and coolers.

Washers and Wipers: The body control module is also in charge of the washers and wiper blades. It guarantees the proper wiper speed and turns on the washers as necessary, increasing visibility in bad weather.

Audio and infotainment systems: The BCM also has control over the music controls and infotainment system in your car. It controls the power supply to the touchscreen displays, speakers, and radio, providing a fluid audio-visual experience.

Safety attributes: In some cars, the BCM’s capabilities are combined with safety equipment including automatic headlights, rain-sensing wipers, and tire pressure monitoring. Both convenience and safety are improved by these features.

Power mirrors and seats: If your car has power-adjustable seats and mirrors, the BCM is in charge of making sure they move smoothly and precisely.

Anti-Theft and Security: BCMs frequently have a function in immobilizers, alarm systems, and theft deterrents for vehicles.

Personalization: The BCM in many contemporary vehicles enables customization of many settings. This entails setting up different drivers’ preferred infotainment settings, mirror angles, and seat adjustments.

Future Trends and Advanced Features:

Body Control Modules’ function is continually altering to meet shifting consumer expectations and technical advancements:

Telematics and connectivity: BCMs are becoming more and more integrated with connection and telematics systems as a result of the development of the Internet of Things (IoT). This makes it possible for things like remote vehicle monitoring, wireless software updates, and even the possibility to use smartphone apps to operate certain car operations.

Autonomous and driver assistance features: BCMs will be crucial in controlling driver assistance systems like adaptive cruise control, lane-keeping assist, and parking help as cars grow more autonomous.

Energy Efficiency: To reduce the load on the vehicle’s electrical system, BCMs are made with energy-saving technology. This is especially important as more electrification is added to cars, such as electric and hybrid powertrains.

Improved Diagnosis: Advanced BCMs��come with diagnostic tools that let them find and report problems with a variety of vehicle systems. This helps with faster and more precise diagnosis and maintenance.

Challenges and Things to Think About:

Despite the many benefits of BCMs, there are difficulties and things to think about while putting them into practice:

Complexity: The complexity of BCMs rises as vehicles grow more technologically advanced. This may make diagnosis and repair more difficult and necessitate the use of expert knowledge and equipment.

Integration: BCMs must seamlessly work with different systems and parts of the car. Particularly when retrofitting or modifying older automobiles, compatibility problems can occur.

Security: As connection rises, BCM security and the security of their communication networks are major issues. Cyber threat protection is a never-ending task.

Reliability: BCMs are mission-critical parts, and their failure could result in a number of annoyances as well as possible safety concerns. Their dependability must be guaranteed at all costs.

Conclusion:

In contemporary automobiles, the Body Control Module plays the role of an unsung hero who improves the comfort and ease of our daily commutes. The BCM controls everything from interior lighting to climate control and infotainment systems, ensuring that our driving is not only enjoyable but also safe and effective. BCMs will continue to develop as technology progresses, adding even more cutting-edge capabilities and integrating with new developments in vehicle technology. Therefore, the next time you adjust your seat, enjoy customized climate control, or remotely lock your car, be aware that the BCM is working in the background to make your ride convenient and enjoyable.

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Electric Car Motor Controller

Motor controller for electric vehicle With the popularization of electric vehicles, the engines of electric vehicles on the market today use AC motors. The power of the AC motor is provided by the on-board storage battery, which provides direct current to the vehicle through the on-board storage battery, but a normal motor requires alternating current to work normally. Therefore, turning direct current into alternating current is the key to the work of electric vehicles.

Electric car motor controller 3 modules 1. Electronic control module (ElectronicController): It is a collective term that includes hardware circuits and corresponding control software. The hardware circuit mainly includes a microprocessor and its minimum system, a monitoring circuit for motor current, voltage, speed, temperature and other states, various hardware protection circuits, and data interaction with external control units such as vehicle controllers and battery management systems. Communication circuit. The control software implements corresponding control algorithms according to the characteristics of different types of motors. 2. Driver: It can convert the control signal of the microcontroller to the motor into a drive signal for driving the power converter, and isolate the power signal and the control signal. 3. Power Conversion Module (PowerConverter): Play a role in controlling the motor current. The power devices often used in electric vehicles include high-power transistors, gate-off thyristors, power field effect transistors, insulated gate bipolar transistors, and smart power modules. Wide variety of electric motors Based on different research purposes, there are many classifications of motors.

At present, the motors of electric vehicles are basically AC motors. The mainstream motors used in mainstream vehicles are permanent magnet AC motors. They have three characteristics: one is simple structure, safe and reliable in operation; second, the motor is small in size and relatively heavy Light, low power consumption, high work efficiency; third, the shape and size of the motor are flexible and diverse. Motor controller to work When the electric motor drives the car, the electric motor controller is urging the electric motor to work. The motor controller is composed of an inverter and a controller. The inverter receives the DC power delivered by the battery and inverts it into three-phase AC to provide power to the car motor. Secondly, the controller receives signals such as the motor speed and feeds it back to the meter. When braking or acceleration occurs, the controller controls the inverter The frequency rises and falls to achieve the purpose of acceleration or deceleration.

The future development of motor controllers follows principles 1. High safety is the most basic requirement of motor controller More and more integrated functions mean higher and higher security requirements. Safety performance needs to be achieved through the combination of many chip architectures, such as SBC+MCU monitoring architecture, high-voltage backup power supply, safety-related drive chips, comprehensive diagnosis of IGBT failures, independent safe shutdown paths, independent ADC channel resolver signal decoding, two high-voltage channels of different qualities Sampling circuit, different quality three-phase current Hall sensor, etc. 2. High power density, its shape and volume will develop towards miniaturization along with sub-assembly With the development of devices and the development of packaging technology, the cost forecast will gradually decrease.

From the perspective of sub-assembly, the traditional easy-to-use modules are developing towards square bricks, ultra-thin shapes, and finally bare DBC/chip forms. The shape and volume are developing towards miniaturization along with the sub-assembly, and it can reach 1/10 of the shape and volume in 2013 in 2018 or in the future. From the chip point of view, the motor controller is developing towards high efficiency and high operating junction temperature. For example, the operating junction temperature of the E3 chip is 150°C, the junction temperature of the EDT2 chip can be increased to 175°C, and the junction temperature of the SIC silicon carbide chip can exceed 175°C. If the power loss of the E2 chip is 1, the power loss of the latter two is 0. Between 8 and 0.3 to 0.5. Using SiC devices can significantly reduce switching losses, improve system efficiency, reduce dead time, and improve system output capabilities. From the overall consideration of the battery pack and controller, the total cost is reduced by 5%, and from the perspective of the vehicle, the cruising range is increased by 10%. The use of SiC devices can improve overall efficiency. Third, high voltage is the basic trend of the future development of motor controllers The direction of GBT is 650V, and the design of IGBT is towards higher 750V and 1200V. The EMC level will be higher and higher, and the next step should be the class5 level. Now the second-generation products may be able to achieve class3 and class4, and EMC will achieve class5 in the future, requiring measures to be miniaturized and lower in cost. EMC's core breakthrough innovation is positioned to achieve high-level EMC requirements with better filtering solutions and lower cost EMC components.

The motor controller has achieved the "five in one" level, with 5 categories of products At present, in many cities, the basic electric vehicle motor controller has achieved the "five in one" level, divided into five major categories of products: 1. Single main drive controller and auxiliary three-in-one controller (integrated: EHPS controller + ACM controller + DCDC). 2. Auxiliary five-in-one controller (integrated: EHPS controller + ACM controller + DCDC + PDU + dual source EPS controller). 3. Passenger car controller (integrated: main drive + DCDC). 4. Three-in-one controller for logistics vehicles (integrated: main drive + DCDC + PDU). 5. Five-in-one controller for logistics vehicles (integrated: main drive + EHPS controller + ACM controller + DCDC + PDU).

[paper1125]

Electric Car Motor Controller

Motor controller for electric vehicle With the popularization of electric vehicles, the engines of electric vehicles on the market today use AC motors. The power of the AC motor is provided by the on-board storage battery, which provides direct current to the vehicle through the on-board storage battery, but a normal motor requires alternating current to work normally. Therefore, turning direct current into alternating current is the key to the work of electric vehicles.

Electric car motor controller 3 modules 1. Electronic control module (ElectronicController): It is a collective term that includes hardware circuits and corresponding control software. The hardware circuit mainly includes a microprocessor and its minimum system, a monitoring circuit for motor current, voltage, speed, temperature and other states, various hardware protection circuits, and data interaction with external control units such as vehicle controllers and battery management systems. Communication circuit. The control software implements corresponding control algorithms according to the characteristics of different types of motors. 2. Driver: It can convert the control signal of the microcontroller to the motor into a drive signal for driving the power converter, and isolate the power signal and the control signal. 3. Power Conversion Module (PowerConverter): Play a role in controlling the motor current. The power devices often used in electric vehicles include high-power transistors, gate-off thyristors, power field effect transistors, insulated gate bipolar transistors, and smart power modules. Wide variety of electric motors Based on different research purposes, there are many classifications of motors.

At present, the motors of electric vehicles are basically AC motors. The mainstream motors used in mainstream vehicles are permanent magnet AC motors. They have three characteristics: one is simple structure, safe and reliable in operation; second, the motor is small in size and relatively heavy Light, low power consumption, high work efficiency; third, the shape and size of the motor are flexible and diverse. Motor controller to work When the electric motor drives the car, the electric motor controller is urging the electric motor to work. The motor controller is composed of an inverter and a controller. The inverter receives the DC power delivered by the battery and inverts it into three-phase AC to provide power to the car motor. Secondly, the controller receives signals such as the motor speed and feeds it back to the meter. When braking or acceleration occurs, the controller controls the inverter The frequency rises and falls to achieve the purpose of acceleration or deceleration.

The future development of motor controllers follows principles 1. High safety is the most basic requirement of motor controller More and more integrated functions mean higher and higher security requirements. Safety performance needs to be achieved through the combination of many chip architectures, such as SBC+MCU monitoring architecture, high-voltage backup power supply, safety-related drive chips, comprehensive diagnosis of IGBT failures, independent safe shutdown paths, independent ADC channel resolver signal decoding, two high-voltage channels of different qualities Sampling circuit, different quality three-phase current Hall sensor, etc. 2. High power density, its shape and volume will develop towards miniaturization along with sub-assembly With the development of devices and the development of packaging technology, the cost forecast will gradually decrease.

From the perspective of sub-assembly, the traditional easy-to-use modules are developing towards square bricks, ultra-thin shapes, and finally bare DBC/chip forms. The shape and volume are developing towards miniaturization along with the sub-assembly, and it can reach 1/10 of the shape and volume in 2013 in 2018 or in the future. From the chip point of view, the motor controller is developing towards high efficiency and high operating junction temperature. For example, the operating junction temperature of the E3 chip is 150°C, the junction temperature of the EDT2 chip can be increased to 175°C, and the junction temperature of the SIC silicon carbide chip can exceed 175°C. If the power loss of the E2 chip is 1, the power loss of the latter two is 0. Between 8 and 0.3 to 0.5. Using SiC devices can significantly reduce switching losses, improve system efficiency, reduce dead time, and improve system output capabilities. From the overall consideration of the battery pack and controller, the total cost is reduced by 5%, and from the perspective of the vehicle, the cruising range is increased by 10%. The use of SiC devices can improve overall efficiency. Third, high voltage is the basic trend of the future development of motor controllers The direction of GBT is 650V, and the design of IGBT is towards higher 750V and 1200V. The EMC level will be higher and higher, and the next step should be the class5 level. Now the second-generation products may be able to achieve class3 and class4, and EMC will achieve class5 in the future, requiring measures to be miniaturized and lower in cost. EMC's core breakthrough innovation is positioned to achieve high-level EMC requirements with better filtering solutions and lower cost EMC components.

The motor controller has achieved the "five in one" level, with 5 categories of products At present, in many cities, the basic electric vehicle motor controller has achieved the "five in one" level, divided into five major categories of products: 1. Single main drive controller and auxiliary three-in-one controller (integrated: EHPS controller + ACM controller + DCDC). 2. Auxiliary five-in-one controller (integrated: EHPS controller + ACM controller + DCDC + PDU + dual source EPS controller). 3. Passenger car controller (integrated: main drive + DCDC). 4. Three-in-one controller for logistics vehicles (integrated: main drive + DCDC + PDU). 5. Five-in-one controller for logistics vehicles (integrated: main drive + EHPS controller + ACM controller + DCDC + PDU).

[cat0620]

Electric Car Motor Controller

Motor controller for electric vehicle With the popularization of electric vehicles, the engines of electric vehicles on the market today use AC motors. The power of the AC motor is provided by the on-board storage battery, which provides direct current to the vehicle through the on-board storage battery, but a normal motor requires alternating current to work normally. Therefore, turning direct current into alternating current is the key to the work of electric vehicles.

Electric car motor controller 3 modules 1. Electronic control module (ElectronicController): It is a collective term that includes hardware circuits and corresponding control software. The hardware circuit mainly includes a microprocessor and its minimum system, a monitoring circuit for motor current, voltage, speed, temperature and other states, various hardware protection circuits, and data interaction with external control units such as vehicle controllers and battery management systems. Communication circuit. The control software implements corresponding control algorithms according to the characteristics of different types of motors. 2. Driver: It can convert the control signal of the microcontroller to the motor into a drive signal for driving the power converter, and isolate the power signal and the control signal. 3. Power Conversion Module (PowerConverter): Play a role in controlling the motor current. The power devices often used in electric vehicles include high-power transistors, gate-off thyristors, power field effect transistors, insulated gate bipolar transistors, and smart power modules. Wide variety of electric motors Based on different research purposes, there are many classifications of motors.

At present, the motors of electric vehicles are basically AC motors. The mainstream motors used in mainstream vehicles are permanent magnet AC motors. They have three characteristics: one is simple structure, safe and reliable in operation; second, the motor is small in size and relatively heavy Light, low power consumption, high work efficiency; third, the shape and size of the motor are flexible and diverse. Motor controller to work When the electric motor drives the car, the electric motor controller is urging the electric motor to work. The motor controller is composed of an inverter and a controller. The inverter receives the DC power delivered by the battery and inverts it into three-phase AC to provide power to the car motor. Secondly, the controller receives signals such as the motor speed and feeds it back to the meter. When braking or acceleration occurs, the controller controls the inverter The frequency rises and falls to achieve the purpose of acceleration or deceleration.

The future development of motor controllers follows principles 1. High safety is the most basic requirement of motor controller More and more integrated functions mean higher and higher security requirements. Safety performance needs to be achieved through the combination of many chip architectures, such as SBC+MCU monitoring architecture, high-voltage backup power supply, safety-related drive chips, comprehensive diagnosis of IGBT failures, independent safe shutdown paths, independent ADC channel resolver signal decoding, two high-voltage channels of different qualities Sampling circuit, different quality three-phase current Hall sensor, etc. 2. High power density, its shape and volume will develop towards miniaturization along with sub-assembly With the development of devices and the development of packaging technology, the cost forecast will gradually decrease.

From the perspective of sub-assembly, the traditional easy-to-use modules are developing towards square bricks, ultra-thin shapes, and finally bare DBC/chip forms. The shape and volume are developing towards miniaturization along with the sub-assembly, and it can reach 1/10 of the shape and volume in 2013 in 2018 or in the future. From the chip point of view, the motor controller is developing towards high efficiency and high operating junction temperature. For example, the operating junction temperature of the E3 chip is 150°C, the junction temperature of the EDT2 chip can be increased to 175°C, and the junction temperature of the SIC silicon carbide chip can exceed 175°C. If the power loss of the E2 chip is 1, the power loss of the latter two is 0. Between 8 and 0.3 to 0.5. Using SiC devices can significantly reduce switching losses, improve system efficiency, reduce dead time, and improve system output capabilities. From the overall consideration of the battery pack and controller, the total cost is reduced by 5%, and from the perspective of the vehicle, the cruising range is increased by 10%. The use of SiC devices can improve overall efficiency. Third, high voltage is the basic trend of the future development of motor controllers The direction of GBT is 650V, and the design of IGBT is towards higher 750V and 1200V. The EMC level will be higher and higher, and the next step should be the class5 level. Now the second-generation products may be able to achieve class3 and class4, and EMC will achieve class5 in the future, requiring measures to be miniaturized and lower in cost. EMC's core breakthrough innovation is positioned to achieve high-level EMC requirements with better filtering solutions and lower cost EMC components.

The motor controller has achieved the "five in one" level, with 5 categories of products At present, in many cities, the basic electric vehicle motor controller has achieved the "five in one" level, divided into five major categories of products: 1. Single main drive controller and auxiliary three-in-one controller (integrated: EHPS controller + ACM controller + DCDC). 2. Auxiliary five-in-one controller (integrated: EHPS controller + ACM controller + DCDC + PDU + dual source EPS controller). 3. Passenger car controller (integrated: main drive + DCDC). 4. Three-in-one controller for logistics vehicles (integrated: main drive + DCDC + PDU). 5. Five-in-one controller for logistics vehicles (integrated: main drive + EHPS controller + ACM controller + DCDC + PDU).

[littlecat0520]

Electric Car Motor Controller

Motor controller for electric vehicle With the popularization of electric vehicles, the engines of electric vehicles on the market today use AC motors. The power of the AC motor is provided by the on-board storage battery, which provides direct current to the vehicle through the on-board storage battery, but a normal motor requires alternating current to work normally. Therefore, turning direct current into alternating current is the key to the work of electric vehicles.

Electric car motor controller 3 modules 1. Electronic control module (ElectronicController): It is a collective term that includes hardware circuits and corresponding control software. The hardware circuit mainly includes a microprocessor and its minimum system, a monitoring circuit for motor current, voltage, speed, temperature and other states, various hardware protection circuits, and data interaction with external control units such as vehicle controllers and battery management systems. Communication circuit. The control software implements corresponding control algorithms according to the characteristics of different types of motors. 2. Driver: It can convert the control signal of the microcontroller to the motor into a drive signal for driving the power converter, and isolate the power signal and the control signal. 3. Power Conversion Module (PowerConverter): Play a role in controlling the motor current. The power devices often used in electric vehicles include high-power transistors, gate-off thyristors, power field effect transistors, insulated gate bipolar transistors, and smart power modules. Wide variety of electric motors Based on different research purposes, there are many classifications of motors.

At present, the motors of electric vehicles are basically AC motors. The mainstream motors used in mainstream vehicles are permanent magnet AC motors. They have three characteristics: one is simple structure, safe and reliable in operation; second, the motor is small in size and relatively heavy Light, low power consumption, high work efficiency; third, the shape and size of the motor are flexible and diverse. Motor controller to work When the electric motor drives the car, the electric motor controller is urging the electric motor to work. The motor controller is composed of an inverter and a controller. The inverter receives the DC power delivered by the battery and inverts it into three-phase AC to provide power to the car motor. Secondly, the controller receives signals such as the motor speed and feeds it back to the meter. When braking or acceleration occurs, the controller controls the inverter The frequency rises and falls to achieve the purpose of acceleration or deceleration.

The future development of motor controllers follows principles 1. High safety is the most basic requirement of motor controller More and more integrated functions mean higher and higher security requirements. Safety performance needs to be achieved through the combination of many chip architectures, such as SBC+MCU monitoring architecture, high-voltage backup power supply, safety-related drive chips, comprehensive diagnosis of IGBT failures, independent safe shutdown paths, independent ADC channel resolver signal decoding, two high-voltage channels of different qualities Sampling circuit, different quality three-phase current Hall sensor, etc. 2. High power density, its shape and volume will develop towards miniaturization along with sub-assembly With the development of devices and the development of packaging technology, the cost forecast will gradually decrease.

From the perspective of sub-assembly, the traditional easy-to-use modules are developing towards square bricks, ultra-thin shapes, and finally bare DBC/chip forms. The shape and volume are developing towards miniaturization along with the sub-assembly, and it can reach 1/10 of the shape and volume in 2013 in 2018 or in the future. From the chip point of view, the motor controller is developing towards high efficiency and high operating junction temperature. For example, the operating junction temperature of the E3 chip is 150°C, the junction temperature of the EDT2 chip can be increased to 175°C, and the junction temperature of the SIC silicon carbide chip can exceed 175°C. If the power loss of the E2 chip is 1, the power loss of the latter two is 0. Between 8 and 0.3 to 0.5. Using SiC devices can significantly reduce switching losses, improve system efficiency, reduce dead time, and improve system output capabilities. From the overall consideration of the battery pack and controller, the total cost is reduced by 5%, and from the perspective of the vehicle, the cruising range is increased by 10%. The use of SiC devices can improve overall efficiency. Third, high voltage is the basic trend of the future development of motor controllers The direction of GBT is 650V, and the design of IGBT is towards higher 750V and 1200V. The EMC level will be higher and higher, and the next step should be the class5 level. Now the second-generation products may be able to achieve class3 and class4, and EMC will achieve class5 in the future, requiring measures to be miniaturized and lower in cost. EMC's core breakthrough innovation is positioned to achieve high-level EMC requirements with better filtering solutions and lower cost EMC components.

The motor controller has achieved the "five in one" level, with 5 categories of products At present, in many cities, the basic electric vehicle motor controller has achieved the "five in one" level, divided into five major categories of products: 1. Single main drive controller and auxiliary three-in-one controller (integrated: EHPS controller + ACM controller + DCDC). 2. Auxiliary five-in-one controller (integrated: EHPS controller + ACM controller + DCDC + PDU + dual source EPS controller). 3. Passenger car controller (integrated: main drive + DCDC). 4. Three-in-one controller for logistics vehicles (integrated: main drive + DCDC + PDU). 5. Five-in-one controller for logistics vehicles (integrated: main drive + EHPS controller + ACM controller + DCDC + PDU).

[sere22world]

Electric Car Motor Controller

Motor controller for electric vehicle With the popularization of electric vehicles, the engines of electric vehicles on the market today use AC motors. The power of the AC motor is provided by the on-board storage battery, which provides direct current to the vehicle through the on-board storage battery, but a normal motor requires alternating current to work normally. Therefore, turning direct current into alternating current is the key to the work of electric vehicles.

Electric car motor controller 3 modules 1. Electronic control module (ElectronicController): It is a collective term that includes hardware circuits and corresponding control software. The hardware circuit mainly includes a microprocessor and its minimum system, a monitoring circuit for motor current, voltage, speed, temperature and other states, various hardware protection circuits, and data interaction with external control units such as vehicle controllers and battery management systems. Communication circuit. The control software implements corresponding control algorithms according to the characteristics of different types of motors. 2. Driver: It can convert the control signal of the microcontroller to the motor into a drive signal for driving the power converter, and isolate the power signal and the control signal. 3. Power Conversion Module (PowerConverter): Play a role in controlling the motor current. The power devices often used in electric vehicles include high-power transistors, gate-off thyristors, power field effect transistors, insulated gate bipolar transistors, and smart power modules. Wide variety of electric motors Based on different research purposes, there are many classifications of motors.

At present, the motors of electric vehicles are basically AC motors. The mainstream motors used in mainstream vehicles are permanent magnet AC motors. They have three characteristics: one is simple structure, safe and reliable in operation; second, the motor is small in size and relatively heavy Light, low power consumption, high work efficiency; third, the shape and size of the motor are flexible and diverse. Motor controller to work When the electric motor drives the car, the electric motor controller is urging the electric motor to work. The motor controller is composed of an inverter and a controller. The inverter receives the DC power delivered by the battery and inverts it into three-phase AC to provide power to the car motor. Secondly, the controller receives signals such as the motor speed and feeds it back to the meter. When braking or acceleration occurs, the controller controls the inverter The frequency rises and falls to achieve the purpose of acceleration or deceleration.

The future development of motor controllers follows principles 1. High safety is the most basic requirement of motor controller More and more integrated functions mean higher and higher security requirements. Safety performance needs to be achieved through the combination of many chip architectures, such as SBC+MCU monitoring architecture, high-voltage backup power supply, safety-related drive chips, comprehensive diagnosis of IGBT failures, independent safe shutdown paths, independent ADC channel resolver signal decoding, two high-voltage channels of different qualities Sampling circuit, different quality three-phase current Hall sensor, etc. 2. High power density, its shape and volume will develop towards miniaturization along with sub-assembly With the development of devices and the development of packaging technology, the cost forecast will gradually decrease.

From the perspective of sub-assembly, the traditional easy-to-use modules are developing towards square bricks, ultra-thin shapes, and finally bare DBC/chip forms. The shape and volume are developing towards miniaturization along with the sub-assembly, and it can reach 1/10 of the shape and volume in 2013 in 2018 or in the future. From the chip point of view, the motor controller is developing towards high efficiency and high operating junction temperature. For example, the operating junction temperature of the E3 chip is 150°C, the junction temperature of the EDT2 chip can be increased to 175°C, and the junction temperature of the SIC silicon carbide chip can exceed 175°C. If the power loss of the E2 chip is 1, the power loss of the latter two is 0. Between 8 and 0.3 to 0.5. Using SiC devices can significantly reduce switching losses, improve system efficiency, reduce dead time, and improve system output capabilities. From the overall consideration of the battery pack and controller, the total cost is reduced by 5%, and from the perspective of the vehicle, the cruising range is increased by 10%. The use of SiC devices can improve overall efficiency. Third, high voltage is the basic trend of the future development of motor controllers The direction of GBT is 650V, and the design of IGBT is towards higher 750V and 1200V. The EMC level will be higher and higher, and the next step should be the class5 level. Now the second-generation products may be able to achieve class3 and class4, and EMC will achieve class5 in the future, requiring measures to be miniaturized and lower in cost. EMC's core breakthrough innovation is positioned to achieve high-level EMC requirements with better filtering solutions and lower cost EMC components.

The motor controller has achieved the "five in one" level, with 5 categories of products At present, in many cities, the basic electric vehicle motor controller has achieved the "five in one" level, divided into five major categories of products: 1. Single main drive controller and auxiliary three-in-one controller (integrated: EHPS controller + ACM controller + DCDC). 2. Auxiliary five-in-one controller (integrated: EHPS controller + ACM controller + DCDC + PDU + dual source EPS controller). 3. Passenger car controller (integrated: main drive + DCDC). 4. Three-in-one controller for logistics vehicles (integrated: main drive + DCDC + PDU). 5. Five-in-one controller for logistics vehicles (integrated: main drive + EHPS controller + ACM controller + DCDC + PDU).

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Wall Sconce With Switch

In assembling wires, a light button is a switch, most frequently used to run electric wall sconce, lasting joined equipment, or electrical channels. Handy lamps such as table lamps will have a light button on the socket, base, or in link with the cord. Physically run on/off switches may be exchanged by remote control switches, or light dimmers that allow adjusting the brightness of lamps as well as rotating them on or off. Light switches are also found in torches and vehicles and other means of transportation.

Controls for lighting may possibly be in hand-held devices, moving automobiles and structures. Domestic and profitmaking buildings commonly have wall-mounted light buttons to regulate lighting in a room. Mounting height, reflectivity, and other design factors differ from state to state. Switches are regularly dug in within a finished partition. External mounting is also justly shared though is seen more in profit making industrialized and outhouse locations than in households. A light button box that has plastic, earthenware or metallic cover to prevent unintentional contact with live workstations of the control. Partition plates are accessible in different styles and colors to combine in with the flair of an apartment. They are however fairly stress-free to stand.

The principal light switch commissioning "quick-break knowhow" was created by John Henry Holmes in 1884 in the Shieldfield district of Newcastle upon Tyne. The "quick-break" control overpowered the difficulty of a switch's linksincreasing electric arcing at whatever time the circuit was unlocked or shut. Arcing would root pitting on one connection and the build-up of filtrate on the extra, and the switch's beneficial life would be lessened. Holmes' developmentguaranteed that the contacts would disperse or come unruffled very fast, on the other hand, the much or little force was put forth by the user on the control actuator. The deed of this "quick break" deviceintended that there was in short supply time for an arc to form, and the shift would, therefore, have a long functioning life. This "quick break" skill is still in use in more or less every commonplace light switch in the world in the present day, totaling in the billions, as well as in numerous other forms of electroniccontrol.

The clasp light switch was conceived in 1917 by William J. Newton.

As a constituent of a building wiring scheme, the connection of light controls will be structured by some expert alarmed with care and principles. In diverse countries, the customary length of the wall sconce with switch intensifying hardware containers, plates etc.canvary. Since the face-plates used must shield this hardware, these principles govern the smallest possible sizes of all wall fixed tools. Henceforth, the form and dimension of the cases and face-plates, as well as what is combined, differs from nation to nation.

The measurements, machine-driven designs, and even the overall appearance of light buttons fluctuates slowly with while. They often endure in service for many periods, over and over again being improved only when a portion of a house is redone. It is not rare to see century-old light buttons still in useful practice. Producersfamiliarizenumerous new methods and flairs, but for the most part adornment and style concerns are limited to the face-plates or wall-plates. Even the "modern" rheostat switch with the button is at minimum four decades old and in even the most recent production the acquainted last and rocker switch looks to lead.

The route which signifies "on" also differs with a nation. In the US and Canada, it is typical for the "on" point of a toggle control to be "up", while in many other nations such as the UK, Ireland, Australia, and New Zealand it is "down". In multiway, substituting the letters amongst a single switch's state and whether lights are on or off depends on other switches in the circuit.

The switches may be solo or numerous, intended for enclosed or open-air use. Non-compulsory extras may comprise dimmer-controls, environmentally friendly guard, and weather conditions and security defense. In suburban and light profitmaking lighting schemes, the light switch openly controls the circuit nourishing the spotlights. In greater lighting structures, for instance, stores or open-air lighting schemes, the obligatory current may be too great for a physical switch. In these systems light buttons control lighting contactors, a relay that permits the labour-intensive will sconce with a switch to function on a lower electrical energy or with reduced wiring than would be mandatory in the main lighting circuit.

In the UK, putting 13A BS1363 sockets on the igniting circuit is frowned upon even though not openly forbidden, but then again 2A or 5A BS546outlets are every so often put on lighting circuits to permit controller of free-standing lamps from the apartment's light controls. In North American site-built and mobile homes, frequently living rooms and sleeping quarters have a switched depot for a ground or bench lamp.

The connections of a switch are under their utmost stress while initial or terminating. As the switch is closed, the resistance amongst the connection alteration from almost endless to almost nothing. At endless resistance, no present flows and no control are degenerate. At nil resistance, there is no current fall and no power is dissolute. On the other hand, when the links change state, there is a short-term immediate of limited contact when resistance is neither nil nor endless, and electrical power is transformed into warmth. If the warming is extreme, the contacts may be broken, or might even repair themselves shut.

A switch ought to be intended to make its alteration as quickly as likely. This is realized by the early prowess of the switch pedal mechanism storage potential energy, frequently as a powered pressure in a spring. When adequate automated energy is stockpiled, the device in the switch "breaks over", and rapidly drives the connections through the shift from open to shut, or shut to open, without additional by the switch machinist. This quick-break act of the switch is vital to a long life for the control connections, as referred to in Holmes' 1884 patent.

Despite the fact that the contacts are unraveling, any electrical energy stowed in the inductance of the circuit being incoherent is dissolute as an arc inside the switch, extending the changeover and deteriorating the warming ends product on the contacts. Switches are normally ranged by the current they are intended to halt, understated current and power factor situations, as this is the greatest inflexible curb.

The arc that effects when the switch unlocks erodes the switch links. As a result, any switch has a limited life, frequently graded at a given number of cycles of withdrawal at a stated current. Task outside of its indicated operating ability will radically cut the life of the button.

To fight contact erosion, a switch is frequently premeditated to have a "wipe" action so that the connections are washed. Huge switches possibly will be intended for an extra consumable contact that ends and opens before the key interaction, shielding the main current-carrying connections from wear owing to arcing. The contact zone of the switch is built of materials that fight erosion and arcing.

A lot of advanced current switch projects depend on the separation arc to assist in scattering contact erosion. A switch intended for great current/high current use might turn out to be untrustworthy if activated at very low flows and low voltages because the touching base erosion builds up exceptionally without an arc to scatter it.

There are two types of flashes which can take place for the period of switch setup. On closing, a few flashes, similar to those from a flint-and-steel, may perhaps seem as a tiny bit of steel is animated by friction to luminosity, liquefied, and flung off. On introductory, a bluish arc powerfulness takes place, with a noticeable "electrical" ozone scent.Successively, the contacts can be seen to be pitch-black and potholed. Injuredacquaintances have a greater confrontation, rendering them more susceptible to additional harm and causing a cycle in which the connections soon could fail totally.

In the building of numerous minors switches, the coil that stores the power-driven energy obligatory for the snap action of the buttons device is made of a beryllium copper blend that is hard-boiled to form a mechanism as part of the construction of the touching base. The same part every also forms the figure of the contact itself, and is, therefore, the existing path. Abusing the switch device to hold the associates in a change state, or harshly contest the switch, will warm and therefore anneal the coil, decreasing or removing the "snap action" of the button, leading to slower changes, more energy degenerate in the adjustment, and liberal-down.

The push-button light control has two keys that otherwise close and opens the connections. Pushing the elevated key opens or closes the associates and pops out the beforehand law button so the procedure can be upturned.

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