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On this day July 28, 1868: The 14th Amendment, which grants citizenship to all born or naturalized Americans, including former slaves, is officially ratified by three-quarters of US states. Secretary of State William Seward announces the change. Two years after the Civil War, the Reconstruction Acts of 1867 divided the South into five military zones. The 14th Amendment, ratified in July 1868, began the era known as Radical Reconstruction. The amendment clarified that “all persons born or naturalized in the United States...are citizens of the United States and of the state in which they reside.” "Equal protection under the law" was reaffirmed in the amendment. Following ratification, many African American activists argued that racial segregation denied them equal legal protection. In Plessy v. Ferguson, the US Supreme Court ruled in 1896 that states could segregate facilities for African Americans as long as they were equal to those for whites. The Plessy v. Ferguson decision was later used to justify segregation in all public facilities, including railroad cars, restaurants, hospitals, and schools. In the South and elsewhere, African Americans faced decades of heinous prejudice as “colored” institutions were never equal to their white counterparts. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 1954, overturned Plessy v. Ferguson. #HistoryOfThisDay #AlittleTrivia #July28th #14thAmendment #AlwaysBeLearning #BeAboutYouAcademy #RiseUpFinancialFreedomSolutions #BeAboutYourCredit #BeAboutYourBusiness #NCnotaryPublic (at Rise Up Financial Freedom Solutions LLC) https://www.instagram.com/p/CR4iYnRB9bU/?utm_medium=tumblr

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On this day July 27, 1949: This is the first flight of the De Havilland Comet, a British jet-powered aircraft. Airplanes could fly higher and faster with a jet engine, halving flight times. Sir Geoffrey de Havilland designed the Comet (1882-1965). De Havilland built his own plane after seeing Wilbur Wright fly in 1908. Their first flight was near 1903 in Kitty Hawk, NC. It was then that he founded his own firm in 1920. In the aviation industry, DHA developed lighter engines and more streamlined planes. A German jet plane debuted in 1939. Germany used jet aircraft first during WWII. In WWII, De Havilland designed fighter planes. Awarded a knighthood in 1944. De Havilland later created the Comet and Ghost commercial jet engines. After its debut in July 1949, the Comet was trained for three years. On May 2, 1952, a 44-seat Comet 1A flew from London to Johannesburg. The Comet had a top speed of 480 mph, a world record. It was grounded after a series of catastrophic crashes in 1953 and 1954. Depressurization revealed the metal fatigue of the planes. Four years later, De Havilland introduced a new Comet, but American aircraft manufacturers Boeing and Douglas had already established themselves as industry leaders. Most airlines had retired Comets by the early 1980s. A QUESTION TO ANYONE... HAVE YOU FLOWN ON A JET BEFORE? IF YOU COULD AFFORD TO PURCHASE A PRIVATE JET WOULD YOU? Please like, comment, and share. Sharing is caring😊 #HistoryOfThisDay #AlittleTrivia #July27th #CommercialJet #AlwaysBeLearning #BeAboutYouAcademy #RiseUpFinancialFreedomSolutions #BeAboutYourCredit #BeAboutYourBusiness #NCnotaryPublic (at Rise Up Financial Freedom Solutions LLC) https://www.instagram.com/p/CR2RAU4BJHI/?utm_medium=tumblr

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On this day July 27, 1974: Richard M. Nixon, America's 37th president, was impeached by the House Judiciary Committee on July 27, 1974. Watergate, the Nixon administration's political crisis, led to impeachment proceedings. On June 17, 1972, a break-in at the Democratic Party's national offices in the Watergate apartment-hotel complex in Washington, D.C. sparked the Watergate controversy. However, his administration was implicated in an illegal cover-up, forcing him to step down. The President's re-election committee's "dirty tricks" and political enemies list were exposed in subsequent federal investigations. Uncovering the tapes, a former Nixon adviser revealed them in July 1973. Nixon was forced to release the tapes by a judge citing executive privilege and national security. Leaked White House tapes include one that appears to be erased. Nixon's impeachment hearings before the House Judiciary Committee began in May 1974. The first article of impeachment against the president was passed on July 27 of that year. On July 29 and 30, two more articles were approved for abuse of power and contempt of Congress. On August 5, Nixon released transcripts of the missing tapes, new evidence linking him to the Watergate cover-up. Nixon retired voluntarily on August 8, becoming the first president to do so. To avoid prosecution for any crimes committed while in office, Vice President Gerald Ford pardoned Nixon on September 8, 1974. Andrew Johnson in 1868, Bill Clinton in 1998, and Donald Trump in 2019 and 2021 are the only three presidents in US history to be impeached. A QUESTION TO ANYONE... DO YOU THINK YOU'LL CHANGE HOW YOU TREAT OTHERS IF YOUR POSITION OR STATUS CHANGES FOR THE BETTER? IF SO, IN WHAT WAY DO YOU THINK YOU'LL CHANGE? Please like, comment, and share. Sharing is caring😊 #HistoryOfThisDay #AlittleTrivia #July27th #RichardNixon #Impeachment #AlwaysBeLearning #BeAboutYouAcademy #RiseUpFinancialFreedomSolutions #BeAboutYourCredit #BeAboutYourBusiness #NCnotaryPublic (at Rise Up Financial Freedom Solutions LLC) https://www.instagram.com/p/CR1w8bqhbx_/?utm_medium=tumblr

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On this day July 27, 1921: Frederick Banting and Charles Best isolated insulin at the University of Toronto, a hormone they believe can prevent diabetes. Within a year, the first human diabetics were being treated with insulin, potentially saving many lives. Despite its long history, until the twentieth century, the exact cause of diabetes was unknown. Diabetes was thought to be caused by a digestive system defect involving the pancreatic gland, a small organ near the liver. At the time, the only treatments available were low-carbohydrate, sugar, fat, and protein diets. Instead of dying, diabetics were able to live for about a year after being diagnosed with the diet. Thanks to Canadians Frederick Banting and Charles Best, an insulin injection program restored normalcy to the dogs in the summer of 1921. On November 14th, the discovery was made public. Two months later, they collaborated with J.J.R. MacLeod of the University of Toronto to plan an insulin treatment for a human subject. They were able to isolate a pure insulin formula from butcher cattle pancreases with the assistance of scientist J.B. Collip. They started injecting insulin into Leonard Thompson on January 23, 1922. The University of Toronto responded by granting pharmaceutical companies a royalty-free license to develop insulin. Insulin was widely available by 1923, and Banting and Macleod were awarded the Nobel Prize. A QUESTION TO ANYONE... ARE YOU OR ANYONE YOU KNOW TAKING INSULIN? IF SO, HOW HAS THIS CHANGED YOUR LIFESTYLE? Please like, comment, and share. Sharing is caring😊 #HistoryOfThisDay #AlittleTrivia #July27 #Insolin #AlwaysBeLearning #BeAboutYouAcademy #RiseUpFinancialFreedomSolutions #BeAboutYourCredit #BeAboutYourBusiness #NCnotaryPublic (at Rise Up Financial Freedom Solutions LLC) https://www.instagram.com/p/CR1HigXBI8c/?utm_medium=tumblr

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On this day July 26, 1775: First postmaster general Benjamin Franklin is appointed by the Second Continental Congress on July 26, 1775. Franklin (1706-1790) shaped the modern postal system. Few American colonists were required to send mail to one another in the 1600s; instead, they most likely corresponded via letter. Atlantic mail arrived in bursts and could take months. With no post offices, mail was usually left at inns and bars. Benjamin Franklin was appointed one of two joint postmasters general for the colonies in 1753. Erected new, more efficient colonial routes and cut the delivery time between Philadelphia and New York in half by having weekly mail wagons ride in relay teams both day and night. Franklin was also the first to create a rate chart based on distance and weight. In 1774, the British fired Franklin as postmaster due to his revolutionary activities. His appointment as postmaster general of the United Colonies followed in 1776. At the end of 1776, Franklin was sent to France as a diplomat. There were frequent communications between the colonies and the United Kingdom thanks to his vastly improved postal system. President George Washington appointed Samuel Osgood, a former Massachusetts legislator, as the nation's first postmaster general in 1789. At the time, there were 75 post offices. On an annual basis, the USPS delivers 212 billion pieces of mail to over 144 million households and businesses in the US and its territories. The postal service employs over 500,000 full-time employees. USPS is a non-profit organization that pays its bills with postage (the first stamps were issued in 1847) and related products. Even in the rain, the postal service delivers mail with planes and mules. QUESTION FACEBOOK... DO YOU STILL WRITE LETTERS AND MAIL THEM? HOW OFTEN DO YOU RELY ON THE USPS? Please comment, like, and share. Sharing is caring😊 #HistoryOfThisDay #AlittleTrivia #July26th #USPS #AlwaysBeLearning #BeAboutYouAcademy #RiseUpFinancialFreedomSolutions #BeAboutYourCredit #BeAboutYourBusiness #NCnotaryPublic (at Rise Up Financial Freedom Solutions LLC) https://www.instagram.com/p/CRyiRfnhjC8/?utm_medium=tumblr

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On this day July 25, 1978: Louise Joy Brown is born on July 25, 1978, at Oldham and District General Hospital in Manchester, England, as the world's first baby conceived through in vitro fertilization (IVF). Louise Brown was born shortly before midnight to parents Lesley and Peter Brown via cesarean section. At birth, she weighed 5 pounds, 12 ounces. Louise's mother (Lesley) had been unable to conceive due to blocked fallopian tubes prior to her conception. Her IVF doctors, British gynecologist Patrick Steptoe and scientist Robert Edwards, performed the experimental procedure on her in November 1977. Her husband's sperm was mixed with a mature egg extracted from one of her ovaries. After that, the mixture was placed in a laboratory dish to form an embryo. A few days later, the embryo was implanted in her uterus. This couple received a lot of attention because of their pregnancy. This made Louise's birth extremely well-known around the world. It also sparked a flurry of questions among professionals. Today, IVF has resulted in the birth of hundreds of thousands of children all over the world. #HistoryOfThisDay #AlittleTrivia #July25th #LouiseJoyBrown #TestTubeBaby #AlwaysBeLearning #BeAboutYouAcademy #RiseUpFinancialFreedomSolutions #BeAboutYourCredit #BeAboutYourBusiness #NCnotaryPublic (at Rise Up Financial Freedom Solutions LLC) https://www.instagram.com/p/CRxaIUIhEfL/?utm_medium=tumblr

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On this day July 24, 1951: Lynda Jean Cordova Carter (born July 24, 1951) is an American actress, singer, songwriter, model, and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss World USA 1972 and finished in the Top 15 at the Miss World 1972 pageant. Diana Prince, a true Amazonian with special powers, fights bad guys in a skintight outfit. In classic `wham, bam' comic-book style, Wonder Woman catches people in her magic lasso of truth and uses her golden belt and bracelets to deflect things such as bullets. First episode date: November 7, 1975 Final episode date: September 11, 1979 Theme song: Wonder Woman Theme Song No. of episodes: 59 + movie pilot #HistoryOfThisDay #AlittleTrivia #LyndaCarter #WonderWoman #AlwaysBeLearning #BeAboutYouAcademy #RiseUpFinancialFreedomSolutions #BeAboutYourCredit #BeAboutYourBusiness #NCnotaryPublic (at Rise Up Financial Freedom Solutions LLC) https://www.instagram.com/p/CRu7MZsh_km/?utm_medium=tumblr

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On this day July 23, 1996: The United States women's gymnastics team wins its first-ever team gold medal on July 23, 1996, at the Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. Amanda Borden, Amy Chow, Dominique Dawes, Shannon Miller, Dominique Moceanu, Jaycie Phelps, and Kerri Strug comprised the 1996 United States women's team, dubbed the "Mag 7" or "magnificent seven." The team went into the Summer Olympics with the weight of an entire country on their young shoulders. They were regarded as America's best chance at Olympic team gold, something no American women's gymnastics team had ever achieved. To that point, the best finish for the American women had been a silver medal at the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics, which were boycotted by the favored Soviet Union, which had won eight consecutive team golds between 1952 and 1980. To win gold in 1996, the United States women competed against perennial contender Russia and Romania, the two-time defending world champions. Nonetheless, American fans believed the odds were in their favor: the team possessed a wealth of talent, and each of its members was capable of winning events. When the team competition began, veteran American star Shannon Miller did not disappoint, finishing second overall to Ukrainian world champion Lilia Podkopayeva. The vault was the final event of the team competition for the United States. The team, as well as coach Bela Karolyi, were unaware that they had won. Strug landed solidly on two feet after executing a flawless one-and-a-half twisting Yurchenko. She then spun around and hopped on one foot towards the judges' table before collapsing in agony. She celebrated her 9.712 in the arms of her coach, who would later have to carry the 4-foot-9-inch “Spark Plug” Strug to the medal stand. #HistoryOfThisDay #AlittleTrivia #July23rd #USWomenOlympics #AmandaBorden #AmyChow #DominiqueDawes #ShannonMiller #DominiqueMoceanu #JayciePhelps #KerriStrug #AlwaysBeLearning #BeAboutYouAcademy #RiseUpFinancialFreedomSolutions #BeAboutYourCredit #BeAboutYourBusiness #NCnotaryPublic (at Rise Up Financial Freedom Solutions LLC) https://www.instagram.com/p/CRrz34_BSUy/?utm_medium=tumblr

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On this day July 21, 2007: Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, the seventh and final Harry Potter novel, is released on July 21, 2007, with an initial print run of 12 million copies in the United States alone. Deathly Hallows, like the previous Harry Potter novels, was slated to be adapted into a major Hollywood film. Harry Potter, the bespectacled boy wizard, is the creation of British author J.K. Rowling, who was born on July 31, 1965. Rowling's first novel, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, was published in the United Kingdom in 1997 (it was renamed Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone when it was released in America the following year) and went on to become an international bestseller. Harry Potter, his friends Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger, and their adventures at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry captivated both children and adults. The books, which chronicled Harry's battles with his adversary, the evil Lord Voldemort, have sold over 400 million copies and have been translated into over 60 languages.The series is also credited with increasing global childhood literacy. The Harry Potter series, which spawned a slew of blockbuster films, video games, and other merchandise, catapulted J.K. Rowling, a broke single mother when she wrote the first book, into the highest-earning author in history. Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone, the first film in the series, was released in the United States on November 16, 2001. The film was directed by Chris Columbus (Home Alone, Mrs. Doubtfire) and starred British actor Daniel Radcliffe as Harry, Rupert Grint as Ron, and Emma Watson as Hermione. Columbus also directed the second film in the series, Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, which was released on November 14, 2002 in the United States. The final book was made into two films: Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 (2010) and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 (2011). (2011). What was your favorite Harry Potter book? #HistoryOfThisDay #AlittleTrivia #HarryPotter #HarryPotterAndTheDeathlyHallows #AlwaysBeLearning #BeAboutYouAcademy #RiseUpFinancialFreedomSolutions #BeAboutYourCredit #BeAboutYourBusiness #NCnotary (at Rise Up Financial Freedom Solutions LLC) https://www.instagram.com/p/CRmH9eoB5Lv/?utm_medium=tumblr

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On this day July 20, 1969: On July 20, 1969, American astronaut Neil Armstrong stepped off the lunar landing module Eagle and became the first human to walk on the surface of the moon. Nearly 240,000 miles from Earth, Armstrong spoke these words to more than a billion people listening at home: "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind." Along with Michael Collins and Edwin E. "Buzz" Aldrin, he was part of NASA's first manned mission to the moon. The trio were launched into space on July 16, 1969. Serving as the mission's commander, Armstrong piloted the Lunar Module to the moon's surface on July 20, 1969, with Buzz Aldrin aboard. Collins remained on the Command Module. At 10:56 PM, Armstrong exited the Lunar Module. He said, "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind," as he made his famous first step on the moon. For about two and a half hours, Armstrong and Aldrin collected samples and conducted experiments. They also took photographs, including their own footprints. Returning on July 24, 1969, the Apollo 11 craft came down in the Pacific Ocean west of Hawaii. The crew and the craft were picked up by the U.S.S. Hornet and the three astronauts were put into quarantine for three weeks. Before long, the three Apollo 11 astronauts were given a warm welcome home. Crowds lined the streets of New York City to cheer on the famous heroes who were honored in a ticker-tape parade. Armstrong received numerous awards for his efforts, including the Medal of Freedom and the Congressional Space Medal of Honor. Armstrong died on August 25, 2012, at age 82. #HistoryOfThisDay #AlittleTrivia #July20th #NeilArmstrong #AlwaysBeLearning #BeAboutYouAcademy #RiseUpFinancialFreedomSolutions #BeAboutYourCredit #BeAboutYourBusiness #NCnotaryPublic (at Rise Up Financial Freedom Solutions LLC) https://www.instagram.com/p/CRjJbBABeur/?utm_medium=tumblr

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On this day July 19, 1799: Although there is some debate about the exact date, on what was likely July 19, 1799, during Napoleon Bonaparte’s Egyptian campaign, a French soldier discovers a black basalt slab inscribed with ancient writing near the town of Rosetta, about 35 miles east of Alexandria. The irregularly shaped stone contained fragments of passages written in three different scripts: Greek, Egyptian hieroglyphics, and Egyptian demotic. The ancient Greek on the Rosetta Stone told archaeologists that it was inscribed by priests honoring the king of Egypt, Ptolemy V, in the second century B.C. More startlingly, the Greek passage announced that the three scripts were all of identical meaning. The artifact thus held the key to solving the riddle of hieroglyphics, a written language that had been “dead” for nearly 2,000 years. When Napoleon, an emperor known for his enlightened view of education, art, and culture, invaded Egypt in 1798, he took along a group of scholars and told them to seize all important cultural artifacts for France. Pierre Bouchard, one of Napoleon’s soldiers, was aware of this order when he found the basalt stone, which was almost four feet long and two-and-a-half feet wide, at a fort near Rosetta. When the British defeated Napoleon in 1801, they took possession of the Rosetta Stone. Several scholars, including Englishman Thomas Young, made progress with the initial hieroglyphics analysis of the Rosetta Stone. French Egyptologist Jean-Francois Champollion (1790-1832), who had taught himself ancient languages, ultimately cracked the code and deciphered the hieroglyphics using his knowledge of Greek as a guide. Hieroglyphics used pictures to represent objects, sounds, and groups of sounds. Once the Rosetta Stone inscriptions were translated, the language and culture of ancient Egypt were suddenly open to scientists as never before. #HistoryOfThisDay #AlittleTrivia #July19th #RosettaStoneFound #AlwaysBeLearning #BeAboutYouAcademy #RiseUpFinancialFreedomSolutions #BeAboutYourCredit #BeAboutYourBusiness #NCnotaryPublic (at Rise Up Financial Freedom Solutions LLC) https://www.instagram.com/p/CRg5OSvBpA4/?utm_medium=tumblr

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On this day July 17, 1955:

Disneyland, Walt Disney’s metropolis of nostalgia, fantasy and futurism, opens on July 17, 1955. The $17 million theme park was built on 160 acres of former orange groves in Anaheim, California, and soon brought in staggering profits. Today, Disneyland hosts more than 18 million visitors a year, who spend close to $3 billion.

Walt Disney, born in Chicago in 1901, worked as a commercial artist before setting up a small studio in Los Angeles to produce animated cartoons. In 1928, his short film Steamboat Willy, starring the character “Mickey Mouse,” was a national sensation. It was the first animated film to use sound, and Disney provided the voice for Mickey. From there on, Disney cartoons were in heavy demand, but the company struggled financially because of Disney’s insistence on ever-improving artistic and technical quality. His first feature-length cartoon, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1938), took three years to complete and was a great commercial success.

In the early 1950s, Walt Disney began designing a huge amusement park to be built near Los Angeles. He intended Disneyland to have educational as well as amusement value and to entertain adults and their children. Land was bought in the farming community of Anaheim, about 25 miles southeast of Los Angeles, and construction began in 1954. In the summer of 1955, special invitations were sent out for the opening of Disneyland on July 17. Unfortunately, the pass was counterfeited and thousands of uninvited people were admitted into Disneyland on opening day. The park was not ready for the public: food and drink ran out, a women’s high-heel shoe got stuck in the wet asphalt of Main Street USA, and the Mark Twain Steamboat nearly capsized from too many passengers.

Disneyland soon recovered, however, and attractions such as the Castle, Mr. Toad’s Wild Ride, Snow White’s Adventures, Space Station X-1, Jungle Cruise, and Stage Coach drew countless children and their parents.

#HistoryOfThisDay #AlittleTrivia #Disneyland #WaltDisney #AlwaysBeLearning #BeAboutYouAcademy #RiseUpFinancialFreedomSolutions #BeAboutYourCredit #BeAboutYourBusiness #NCnotaryPublic (at Rise Up Financial Freedom Solutions LLC) https://www.instagram.com/p/CRbjjFWhKet/?utm_medium=tumblr

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On this day July 16, 1945: The first atomic bomb was detonated on July 16, 1945, in New Mexico as part of the U.S. government program called the "Manhattan Project". #HistoryOfThisDay #AlittleTrivia #AtomicBomb #AlwaysBeLearning #BeAboutYouAcademy #RiseUpFinancialFreedomSolutions #BeAboutYourCredit #BeAboutYourBusiness #NCnotaryPublic (at Rise Up Financial Freedom Solutions LLC) https://www.instagram.com/p/CRZwH5fh5xS/?utm_medium=tumblr

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On this day July 14, 1881: Sheriff Pat Garrett shoots Henry McCarty, popularly known as Billy the Kid, to death at the Maxwell Ranch in New Mexico. Garrett, who had been tracking the Kid for three months after the gunslinger had escaped from prison only days before his scheduled execution, got a tip that Billy was holed up with friends. While Billy was gone, Garrett waited in the dark in his bedroom. When Billy entered, Garrett shot him to death at the young age of 21. #HistoryOfThisDay #AlittleTrivia #July14th #BillyTheKid #AlwaysBeLearning #BeAboutYouAcademy #RiseUpFinancialFreedomSolutions #BeAboutYourCredit #BeAboutYourBusiness #NCnotaryPublic (at Rise Up Financial Freedom Solutions LLC) https://www.instagram.com/p/CRUlXZKBMTR/?utm_medium=tumblr