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homeschoolerproblems · 2 years

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Medical Marijuana Strains for Relief in Lupus Symptoms

An autoimmune condition called lupus damages healthy body tissues. It is typically treated with corticosteroids and NSAIDs, both of which have a multitude of negative effects when used for an extended period.

As a result, lupus patients frequently seek out complementary therapies to manage their symptoms. Fortunately, a substantial body of research suggests that cannabis may be an effective lupus therapeutic choice.

Inflammation and pain are the two most typical symptoms that lupus patients experience and cannabis is well known for being particularly good at treating both.

What is Lupus?

An autoimmune condition is a lupus. The immune system is unable to distinguish between healthy body cells and dangerous invaders for whatever reason. The immune system goes into overdrive and starts targeting the self. This is quite uncomfortable and can cause a wide range of related symptoms.

This condition is influenced by environmental and hereditary factors.

Women are nine times more likely than men to have lupus, and 90 percent of cases are female. Additionally, people with African, Chinese, or Caribbean origins are more likely to contract the disease.

Lupus can strike at any moment, but it often begins to manifest between the ages of 14 and 45.

The Most Common Symptoms of Lupus are:

Inflammation

Chronic pain

Nausea

Stress and Depression

Hair loss

Mood swings

Weight loss

How can Medical Cannabis Help with Lupus?

For thousands of years, cannabis has been used as medicine. We now know that cannabis has useful medical uses for everything from relieving pain to depression. Doctors and researchers are investigating whether cannabis may be utilized as a comprehensive treatment for a variety of ailments because several countries have legalized marijuana for medical use.

It is successful in assisting lupus patients to adjust to the condition's different symptoms, including crippling pain and painful nausea. As a result, it can suppress several immune system components.

Lupus's two main symptoms are pain and inflammation, both of which cannabis is well-known for treating effectively. Both CBD and THC have exceptional qualities that can aid lupus patients in controlling pain and inflammation.

To determine if medical marijuana can truly help with lupus or not, further research is still required. Always consult with your doctor first to learn how certain cannabis products may benefit your therapy. If used improperly, it could hurt your health if your present prescriptions react with it.

Effective Cannabis Strains for Lupus

Here are several strains to assist you to boost energy, decreasing pain, and reducing inflammation if you have decided to try cannabis for lupus.

Harlequin

If you want to get some psychological relief without being too tired, try smoking this high-CBD hybrid. Harlequin's ancestors, the Nepali Indica, Colombian Gold, Thai landrace, and Swiss landrace strains, are responsible for all of the strain's successes. The capacity to calm the mind and maintain focus makes this strain a superior relaxant.

Harlequin is a motivating cannabis strain that helps treat lupus. It has a CBD to THC ratio of 5:2, which is a good balance between CBD and THC. Sativa-dominant marijuana can keep you active. It means it's the perfect way to start the day. This strain might help you accomplish more by speeding you up rather than slowing you down.

Charlotte’s Web

Charlotte's Web is a Sativa-dominant cannabis strain with enhanced CBD concentrations. The fact that a little girl named Charlotte Fiji used this strain to treat her epileptic seizures is what makes it the best-selling variety.

This marijuana has a CBD to THC ratio of 5:2, meaning it has a lot of CBD and nearly no THC. This strain's Sativa characteristics successfully heal lupus, relieve inflammation and bodily seizures, and provide concentration and pouring energy. Charlotte's Web is one of the strongest cannabis strains for lupus when used correctly since it has anti-inflammatory qualities and a high CBD level of up to 17%.

OG Kush

OG Kush is a famous American strain with numerous medical applications. Patients enjoy OG Kush's capacity to instantly put them in a euphoric mood; it is perfect for people who are experiencing mental and emotional pain due to receiving a diagnosis of lupus or another ailment!

Fans of strong THC strains will be thrilled to learn that a CBD-rich variation is available, particularly for them. It recreates the delicious flavor of the original strain without the unpleasant high. With under 1% THC and up to 15% CBD, it has a 2:1 CBD to THC ratio.

It's a terrific all-day brew that may be beneficial for depression, PTSD, and ADD/ADHD. One of the greatest strains of marijuana for lupus symptoms is OG Kush CBD. When used appropriately, you will see a reduction in pain and inflammation caused by lupus symptoms.

Granddaddy Purple

Since GDP is a traditional Indica, it can produce an intense mental high with a new brain buzz. Indica strains are known to be effective in a variety of ailments. Granddaddy Purple provides users with a powerful and soothing recreational high.

This Big Bud and Purple Urkle hybrid, which has a taste and aroma similar to berry and grape, is an indica dominant hybrid.

Granddaddy Purple is advised for lupus patients suffering from sleeplessness at night. Because discomfort can occur anytime, anywhere, even while you're lying down, lupus symptoms can make it exceedingly difficult for sufferers to fall asleep. Consider taking Granddaddy Purple in the evening to alleviate pain, muscle spasms, and appetite loss while soothing you into a deep state of relaxation that will promote complete healing while you sleep.

Afghan Kush

Afghan Kush is recognized for its potent sedative qualities, so be sure to get yourself comfy after a long day before you treat yourself. Because it reduces stress, eases pain, and promotes sleep, it is one of the most well-liked strains for lupus sufferers.

When using Afghan Kush, make sure you are in the comfort of your own home. This strain is perfect for lupus patients who struggle to get a good night's sleep due to high stress, chronic pain, despair, and anxiety. Afghan Kush is also known for producing the normal indica effects, so if you're looking for a sedative, this strain is for you.

Ending Note

Medical marijuana offers significant advantages that can reduce lupus-related pain and inflammation. CBD, a non-psychoactive type of cannabis, can be used by patients who wish to benefit from cannabis' therapeutic effects for lupus but don't want to get high.

Even patients who do not have lupus will have a strain that works best for them. The only real way to learn is to try several types and consult experts. You can always get recommendations from your physician or your local dispensary.

As further study into medicinal marijuana's effectiveness in treating lupus is underway, always follow your doctor's advice. Self-medication can be risky, particularly when cannabis is used, which may contain unidentified chemicals and is not subject to regulation.

#lupus #medical marijuana #cannabis strains

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biomedres · 3 years

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Generation of Acsl4 Gene Knockout Mouse Model by CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Genome Engineering - BJSTR Journal

Generation of Acsl4 Gene Knockout Mouse Model by CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Genome Engineering by Hongyan Ren* in Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research https://biomedres.us/fulltexts/BJSTR.MS.ID.002506.php Acyl-CoA synthetase 4 (Acsl4) is involved in lipid synthesis and fatty acid degradation, and disruption of its function may causes lipid metabolism disorder in various species. Herein we reported to generate Acsl4 knockout (KO) mice using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system. In this report, a large deletion of 12kb in the Acsl4 gene was generated by coinjection of Cas9 mRNA and two guide RNAs (sgRNAs) into mouse fertilized oocytes. Three mutant mice carried target mutations were examined by PCR analysis and direct sequencing. The gene modified mice remain healthy and display normal behavior. One mutant mouse used as the parental mating with wild mouse to produce the F1 generation. Taken together, our data demonstrate the large fragment deletion of mouse Acsl4 gene by CRISPR/cas9 for the first time. Porcine intramuscular fat (IMF) content is considered one of the most important traits of pork quality, and has been positively correlated with meat tenderness, moisture content and taste [1]. Therefore, it is necessary to search for new candidate genes and molecular mechanisms associated with IMF deposition. The gene coding for Acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family 4 (Acsl4) plays an important role in lipid synthesis and fatty acid degradation [2]. The porcine Acsl4 gene is located on chromosome X, close to a quantitative locus for IMF [3]. Chen (2014) reported that pig Acsl4 gene seems to be a candidate gene to improve IMF content in pig breeding system, because of the association of the RsaI polymorphism and IMF in 2 native Chinese pig breeds(Yanan and Jinhua pigs) and DLY (Duroc x(Landrace x Yorkshine) pigs [4]. All these studies suggest that Acsl4 is an ideal target for increasing IMF in livestock, but the detail mechanism is still not clear. As we known, the disruption of genes as knockout approaches has provided a powerful tool for characterizing gene function. For more articles on Journals on Emergency Medicine please click here bjstr Follow on Twitter : https://twitter.com/Biomedres01 Follow on Blogger : https://biomedres01.blogspot.com/ Like Our Pins On : https://www.pinterest.com/biomedres/

#Open Access Medical Journal #Bio-psychological Medicine #Biomedical Open Access Journals #Biomedical Journal Articles #Biomedical Journal Impact Factor

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crispbean · 7 years

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What are your opinions on what should be done to create more genetic diversity in nihon ken with very limited lines to pick from? Also, do you think crossing with wolves would be a potential option to add genetic diversity, or would it be difficult to get temperament and back to breed standard physically afterward? ( You can answer this publicly if you want to :) )

I am going to answer this publicly, because I think it’s a great question! I’ll do my best answering...

The case of the Nihon Ken is complicated, to me, because breeds are cultural constructs, not biological ones, and the culture the Nihon Ken come from would NEVER approve of an outcross/crossbreeding program, ever. They would sooner see the breeds die out than mix them - and that’s their prerogative. They know that may be what happens, and the CoO has seen other breeds die out before because of this (or general disinterest in keeping them.)

Shigeru Kato, of the Nihon Ken Blog, writes about this in his post and why the COO doesn’t outcross.

So, as a breeder of purebred Kishu Ken, and someone who is attempting to do justice to the COO’s standards, I, personally, could not crossbreed my Kishu Ken and call them Kishu Ken, even if it was for genetic resuscitation. I would have to respect the wishes of the people whose culture I am observing. I know some people don’t agree with this, and that’s okay. I’m not here to tell them what to do. Kishu Ken are certainly crossbred in the COO all the time, to produce hunting dogs, but the difference there is that they aren’t registered and no one is trying to get them registered.

As someone extremely interested in population genetics and health, it hurts a little bit, because a crossbreeding program would do a lot to easily help the some of the Japanese breeds (especially those much worse off than the Kishu Ken, who have a lot of lines and dogs to choose from...) How easy it could be to select an unrelated, primitive dog, and breed back to type while improving the genetic health of our population! If the COO were to ever permit such a thing, I would certainly perform an outcross, if needed.

Now, as far as crossing to wolves is concerned... I don’t think that would be a good selection. My first and foremost worry is temperament in such a cross. Kishu, in particular, are already an intense dog who tend to choose “fight” over “flight” in situations where they are fearful or under stress. They are already very athletic, and have an exaggerated prey drive. Crossing that kind of dog to a wolf or wolfdog COULD create a really bad mix that could be hard to manage. It might not, but I think it’s easier to stay away from a wolf/wolfdog cross for Kishu. I’m speaking specifically on North American Wolfdogs, as they exist now - perhaps another kind of wolf or wolfdog would be fine, or if I had a surplus of hunters and people looking for a challenge, that could do, but I don’t - I have people who want active companions and hiking dogs. I just don’t think the world is ready for Kishu Ken wolfdogs...

Maybe if the Honshu wolf were still around... but I think a dingo would be the closest thing to that. And closer to Kishu type/temperament, from how it sounds like dingo are, compared to wolfdogs.

Though, if I were to select an outcross for a Kishu Ken, I would probably either choose one of the unregistered Kishu-type hunting dogs that still exist in their landrace form in Japan, a Jindo, a Hokkaido, or a Chinese native hound-dog. Something of comparable temperament and general type.

I don’t think Kishu will need that, from what I’ve seen of pedigrees and genetic tests, in my lifetime, so I can only hope what I do during my lifetime will allow someone else to say that in the future.

Breeds I think might end up needing help in my lifetime are the Shikoku Ken and the Hokkaido Ken... but I don’t breed Shikoku Ken and I’ve only just started with my Hokkaido Ken (in fact, I’ll be picking her up this week!)

I... hope that covered everything.

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angelwingdust · 6 years

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i love you, my guardian angel. rest in peace...

today, early this morning on February 25th, 2019, my cat, Rocky Raccoon, went to sleep. he wasn’t just my cat, Rocky Raccoon was my baby, my furry four-legged son, my little bear cub, my real life teddy bear, but above all, he was My Guardian Angel. he came into my life literally out of nowhere; at a time when i needed him the most, he got me through those lowest and darkest i have ever experienced in life. when i thought i couldn’t live, couldn’t go on an excruciatingly painful second longer, he was there to remind me i needed to, had to, even if it was just to take care of him, though i could hardly take care of myself at that time. he was worth living for. he was more than just a cat, he was my Savior. although i don’t believe in a heaven, i like to believe that one exists for the genuinely innocent of our world: animals and children. so, i hope you’re somewhere there, Rocky, roaming the outdoors, which you loved more than anything else (beside me and your family), hunting all the rodents you can eat to your heart’s content, and sleeping lazily in a tall patch of grass, snoring loudly. i love and miss you more than i can bear. i’m sorry with all my heart, more than i can express, and i thank you for being the most spectacular and sweetest cat i ever had the fortune of loving and calling mine

♡

the first picture that was ever taken of him

he was so photogenic, so striking, so gorgeous, so handsome, so exotic-looking, and so unique. we’re convinced he was posed and photographed before he came to us... when we’d bring our phones out to take pictures of him, he would literally freeze and pose. once the picture was snapped, he’d change his pose, freeze again, wait until the picture was taken, and repeat, like a little model. also his meow... if anyone has ever seen that WWF commercial for snow leopards and heard its cry, that’s what Rocky sounded like. i always thought it was him that was crying when that commercial came on

i’m also very positive he was a rare Chinese Dragon Li cat (li hua mao), developed from a common landrace of cats in China, known as 貍花貓, literally 'fox flower cat.' though he was not fearless like a dragon, he became one when he was hunting

i love you and miss you, My Guardian Angel, Rocky Raccoon (2014-2019). may you rest in peace eternally ♡

#journal intime

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samirgianni · 6 years

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Seed Catalogue Review of the Year; 9th Annual!

It's garden planning and seed buying season, and I'm reviewing the catalogues for the 9th time! Time really does fly when you are having fun. The closure of The Cottage Gardener contributes to my sense that there's a little pulling back and trimming the excess going on this year, with fewer things being listed as new. Still, there is lots of fabulous stuff out there, new and old. Trends - I do see include an awful lot of people listing Garden and French sorrels (YAY GET SOME!). Ground cherries including Golden Berry continue to gather some speed. There are a number of (mostly mustard) greens advertised as having wasabi-like flavours. Purple amaranth is very "in"; purple and "odd" coloured vegetables in general, I would say. I'm seeing a lot of new varieties of lettuce. As ever, don't forget to check Seeds of Diversity's Seed Catalogue Index if you are looking for something specific (and, in fact, if you are just browsing too). A'Bunadh Seeds: Situated an hour from Edmonton, they supply seeds for short (zone 2a) Alberta seasons; 90 to 110 days. They have a surprisingly large and unusual collection! I like the looks of Pisarecka Zlutoluske yellow bean, Osgoode rutabaga, Feuer Kugel beets, and plenty of carrots. Lots of peas including Bill Jump, Hungarian Shelling, Mr Big, Top Pod, Knight, and more. An amazing selection of corn - I was going to say for so far north, but really, for anywhere - and numerous squash too, including locally adapted Lower Salmon River and Cindy Souper. In addition to vegetable seeds they have some perennial fruit seeds, including Nanking cherry and Evans cherry. They have a large selection of rare potatoes, but they are not seed grade. Garlic, comfrey, and six kinds of Jerusalem artichokes all sold for spring planting. AgroHaitai: The only Canadian source I know of for mostly Asian vegetables; they have a good reputation but most of their offerings are F1 hybrids. Interesting things I see include Yellow Stem Chinese celery, Dynasty Pak Choy (as little as 20 days to maturity!), Indian Mini bitter gourd (f1), Zou Sing luffa (f1, but they say not day-length sensitive), Black Champion eggplant, and You Fong Wong yardlong bean. Annapolis Seeds: Now up to 600 varieties, all of which they grow or contract themselves. New things for this year include Scarlet Frills mustard (really gorgeous!), Little Leaf pickling cucumber (hard to find and recommended), Rainbow Lacinato kale, a mix of Sea Buckthorn seeds probably best suited to breeders, Black Beauty tomato, Lower Salmon River squash, Shosaku gobo (burdock), Japanese White eggplant, and Midnight Lightning zucchini. Lebanese Metki cucumber is actually a melon, but used as a cucumber. Burt's Greenhouses: Mostly a nursery with ornamentals, Burt's also sells a good range of sweet potato slips. We got our Toka Toka Gold, Owairaka, and Purple sweet potatoes from them. They also have Cuban, Georgia Jet, and Tainung 65. Seems like a smaller selection than last year, but still good prices and the ability to buy in volume. The Cottage Gardener: I was sad to discover that this excellent source of seeds is no more. They posted on Facebook:

"We are closing our (virtual) doors.

After much thought, many discussions and with definitely mixed feelings, we have made the difficult decision to close down The Cottage Gardener retail business. Our site will stop taking orders on September 14th, 2018. We remain absolutely passionate and committed to preserving rare and endangered heirloom seeds, but after 22 years of the daily grind of running a retail business we are ready to explore new ways of pursuing this. Passing on our seed saving knowledge will be an integral part of our future plans. Many of our customers have been with us through our whole journey, while others have just recently discovered us - we thank all of you for your support in helping us do our bit to save genetic biodiversity. We'll let you know our future plans as they unfold - we may even pop up at a seed show or two :). " Eagle Creek Seed Potatoes: For once I am not even going to mention varieties. Shipping costs for potatoes are brutal, but if you want to grow unusual seed potatoes, this is THE place to look and such is life. There is a very impressive selection and 6 mixed packages for the indecisive. Reliable and recommended. Many of our favourite potatoes first came from Eagle Creek. Edible Antiques: Grown in Prince Edward county. Right off bat I see several classic native varieties being offered; Algonquin pumpkins, and Skunk and Deseronto Potato beans. Also Aladdin's Lamp cherry tomatoes, Liebenspfel and Lively Sweet Italian Orange peppers, and Eagle Pass okra. Greta's Organic Gardens: This Ottawa seed-house has numerous interesting and unusual varieties. New this year are the lovely Red Savonese onion, Red Welsh bunching onion, Turnip Rooted chervil, Dishpan Cusha squash, Datterino tomato - combining compactness with indeterminacy, a hard combo to find - Everona tomatillo, and Stavros Greek pepper. There is an impressive number of tobacco varieties, if that's your bag. A large and very good selection overall. A good selection of watermelons includes Bozeman and Early Canada (which did very well for us when we grew it). Greta has an impressive array of unusual eggplants and 6 kinds of okra. Harmonic Herbs: They specialize in medicinal herbs, and also have a small collection of grains and flowers. Being another Alberta company they have short season vegetables including their own earliest Norwesterlee tomato, Blush tomato, Purple Peacock broccoli, Broccoli Raab (rapini), and Palla Rossa radicchio, Hawthorn Farm: Catalogue looks bigger and better than ever. I notice they now have a lot of seeds in bulk, so market gardeners and farmers take note. Sweet Reba acorn and Honeynut butternut squashes are Cornell releases. If you want to play around though, try the Lofthouse Landrace moschata squash. There are loads of tomatoes and lettuces. Best selection of zucchini around, including tried and true for us Tatume, Dark Green, Mutabile, and Ronde de Nice. Success PMR Straightneck looks like it might make a good substitute for the maddeningly unproductive Golden. Misato Rose winter radish looks lovely, as does Jing Orange okra. Get some Sorrel for wonderful spring greens. Only source I know for Iowne's True Blue, a local heritage corn. Glass Gem on the other hand is a wildly popular new (OP) variety and they have that too. I want to try April Green cabbage, so called for excellent storage properties. Chieftan is a long-time favourite Savoy. Heritage Harvest Seed: A great selection of heirloom seeds, grown in Manitoba. If they can make it there, they can make it here! I have found a number of our best varieties here, including Gnadenfeld melon, January King cabbage, and a lot of our favourite peas. There are stupendous numbers of beans of every type here, including Auntie Wilder, Bis (Polish), Chevrier Verte, Drew's Dandy, Fort Portal Jade, and Ice (Crystal White Wax). I could go on and on, so I will just note they have large selections of beets, carrots, corn, cucumbers, grains, lettuce, melons, squash... they are the only Canadian source I know of for the rare and picky to grow but really delicious Amish Bottle onion. Hope Seeds: This Nova Scotian company specializes in east-coast heirlooms including Marie Dugas Canadian Wild Goose, Goose Gullet, and Caribee beans; Ashworth corn; and Joan rutabaga. They have a good selection of Jerusalem artichokes and potatoes - Onaway, Bridget and Fianna are new names to me and sound quite interesting. They do have a few varieties of garlic available for spring planting, if you failed to get yours in during the fall. Ferme Tournesol: Not yet updated for 2019. Not just seed producers, but vegetable breeders as well. Their own seeds include Arc-en-ciel tatsoi, Big Fat Jalapeño pepper, Winter Green brassica mix, and Carrot Bomb hot pepper. You can get Mosaic Mix beans, which is a mixture of all their breeding lines of bush beans - sounds like a lot of fun. They have their own landrace cucumber, as well as Dragon Egg Croatian cucumber. Sugar Magnolia snap pea and Early Moonbeam watermelon can be hard to find. Ho Chi Minh yellow cayenne, Georgia Flame, and Gord's Cherry Bomb, and Lemon Drop are some other unusual hot peppers they list. Jardins de l'Écoumène: Site is in French. New offerings (nouveautés) include Brad's Atomic cherry tomato, Gogosar Bulgarian pepper, Agate edemame (soybean), concombre d'Antilles (West Indian gherkin), Tam Jalapeño and Thai hot peppers, and the oddly-named but tasty sounding Vegetarian hot peppers, also from the French Caribbean. They also have Toraji balloon flower, which most North Americans do not realize is a vegetable in addition to being a lovely garden perennial. At the moment there are a number of tomatoes, as well as Belle Isle cress and Iroquois White corn on sale at less than half price. Mapple Farm: As ever, this is one of the few places to find sweet potato slips, and they have a good selection including best northern grower Georgia Jet, and the popular Beauregard. New (at least to my notice) are White Travis and Superior. Ginseng Red is recommended for French frying. They are, so far as I know, the only source of Ken Allen's book on growing sweet potatoes in the north, and if you want to have any success at growing them, the $25 is well worth spending. They have a small collection of other carefully chosen items including Chinese Artichokes (crosnes; stachys affinis). Squash are a specialty, including Fisher's acorn (unique to them), Golden Hubbard, Honey Boat delicata, and the superb Gill's Golden Pippin acorn. Latah tomato and Parade cucumber are ideal for cooler climates. Sweet Orange II tomato is noted as new, but their Mystery Keeper tomato is tried and true. Matchbox Garden Seed Co: Another Ontario company growing most of their own seed! Selection is not huge, and leans more to the best standards than the rare and exotic. Varieties are not marked as new so I will just mention a few that look good to me. Trionfo Violetto is an excellent purple pole bean. Long Purple Italian eggplant is a bit unusual. Astro arugula is recommended, Tadorna leeks look lovely. There are just 3 beets, but the best varieties in 3 colours. Baquieu and Gold Rush lettuces look promising. I haven't seen Capriglio Red and Capriglio Yellow peppers anywhere else. Naramata Seed Company: Items not marked as new. Still, some eye-catching listings including Borlotto Lamon bean, Grampa Brown's Indian popcorn, Sand Mountain sorghum, Tante Alice cucumber, Wasabina mustard, and Baladi romaine lettuce from Syria. May Queen is a favourite lettuce for us. They have the excellent and hard-to-find Small Shining Light and Sweet Siberian watermelons. Many interesting hot peppers including a white Bolivian, Aribibi Gusano. Greek Sweet Red moschata squash sounds very intriguing. San Juanito tomatillo looks promising. Lots of tomatoes in every size and colour. Norton Naturals: Not a seed company; they sell a selection of roots, mostly native but also crosnes, edible daylilies, and double Tiger lilies. Native plants include: Arrowhead, Camas (Quamash), Groundnuts, Hog Peanuts, 3 different Jerusalem artichokes, Spring Beauty, Meadow Garlic, and Ramps (Wild Leeks). In my experience, if you do not have the necessary fungus in the soil those last will not grow. Worth trying if you have a typical Ontario woodlot though. They sell Prairie Turnip as seeds - this is actually a tap-rooted legume, and it looks like it would also make an excellent ornamental. This was out of stock last year but this year they have it. They ship twice a year - next up in April. OSC (Ontario Seed Company): A good source for open-pollinated classics at reasonable prices but most of their new offerings lean towards F1 hybrids. I'm noting that in particular most of their corn is treated, as far as I can tell with the notorious bee-killing neonicotinoids, so DO NOT GROW. (If you are a large enough grower you can request untreated seed.) All other seeds are not treated. They do not always identify F1 hybrids so do some research before you order. New this year is "OSC Seeds International line" - some of them varieties they've had for a while, but a more cosmopolitan group than their usual. It includes Red Garnett amaranth, Wild Roquette, German Lutz beet, Green Punjab eggplant, Osaka Purple mustard, Early Purple Sprouting broccoli, Red Fire orach, and Fire Candle radish. Potager Ornemental de Catherine: Site is in French. New offerings include Thai Lavender Frog Egg (!) eggplant, Kikuza moschata squash (cute!), Golden Child and Monte Gusto yellow wax beans, Oda pepper, Malaga (purple!) radish, and Allu Jola popping sorghum. In short, a place with some very unusual and exciting varieties. Prairie Garden Seeds: The site is updated for 2019, but the new offerings aren't labelled as such and this list doesn't change a lot from year to year. However, they are the go-to source for many Canadian heirloom vegetables, and are particularly strong in tomatoes and beans, but also in grains - if you want small amounts of many historic Canadian wheats, or indeed all kinds of grains from all over the world, check here. If you want open-pollinated, untreated corn this is probably the place. Prices are very reasonable and amounts generous, but you cannot order online - you must send them an order form and a cheque. It's been well worth the trouble in my experience. I can't pick out varieties to mention - they have 133 kinds of beans, 42 different peas - a good list of peas is hard to find - 45 other pulses and legumes, and then there's everything else - lots of it - Jim specialized in Canadian-bred tomatoes for instance. Richter's Herbs: says the herb of the year is agastache, which is actually a species of plant with numerous varieties in cultivation.As ever, they have the largest and most complete list of herbs I have seen anywhere. Seeds abound but they also have many things available as plants, including a whole lot of hops, 4 kinds of sea buckthorn, 16 types of garlic (not shipped until fall but order early, they say), and 10 kinds of figs. Not an edible in spite of the name, but I see they have Chocolate Cosmos seeds (at $10 per packet! Not cheap, but his used to be only available as a very hard-to-find clone and seeds will be rare for a while yet). I'm always banging on about Sorrel in the spring; grow your own Blonde de Lyon garden sorrel. In the realm of vegetable seeds: they have Sweet Purple and Jersey Giant asparagus; Hopi Blue, True Gold, and Spectrum Red Husk corn; the somewhat hard-to-find but excellent Muncher cucumber; Jicama, if you are prepared to baby it; Numane Japanese pickling melon; Molokhia (an Egyptian leafy green); and Lady Godiva pumpkin (grown for the "naked" seeds). Salt Spring Seeds: Featured items this year include Golden Giant amaranth - it looks both beautiful and productive - Spello chick pea, Purple fava bean, Purple Peacock pole bean (we've grown it and can recommend it), Abundant (a more vigorous yet slow-bolting form of) Bloomsdale spinach, phacelia tanecetifolia green manure, and Summer pea, said to be quite heat-tolerant. Fothergill's Perpetual Spinach (a chard) is half price due to an enormous crop of seed. As ever, a wide range of legumes and grains. Other unusual items include Musgrave Munchie carrot, Darcy's Purple leeks, Meres salsify, and Delight bi-colour corn. Semences du Portage: Site is in French. Nouveautés for this year include Brad's Atomic cherry tomato, Greek basil, Yellowstone carrots, Midori Giant edamame, and Bronco green beans. They have their own selection of Red Man onions. Scarlet Ohno turnips are hard to find. There are also quite a number of seed collections available. la Société des Plantes: Site is in French. Emphasis is on permaculture, so a good number of perennial vegetables including mertensia maritima, camassia esculenta, turnip-rooted chervil, skirrets (chervis), crosnes, rumex scutatus French sorrel, and Ste Anne shallots, and the very rare blue-flowered salsify. Look for Noir Long de Pardailhan turnips, Branchu de L'Embarras spring (overwintering) kale, Black Russian fava beans, Green Jewel Lebanese summer squash, and Sonkatök Hungarian moschata squash. Solana Seeds: When I checked their list of new items, right away my eye was caught by Brown Russian cucumbers, Kajari melon (really striking!), Explosive Ember and Purple Flash (ornamental) peppers. I started off sneering at Aji Delight - a heat-free baccatum pepper - but when they mentioned paprika, I thought, yes! A good sweet paprika pepper is hard to find. American Purple Top rutabaga sure looks like a rutabaga, but Brad's Atomic Grape tomato is amazeballs. Sunshine Farm: Located in Kelowna, BC. Very heavy on the tomatoes and beans, but I note they have both Early Green and Thai Long Green eggplants. Alma Paprika (a personal favourite) pepper, but also Casa Aquaria, Chimayo, Fish, Ghost, Padron, Pasilla and Rocotillo, amongst others. Look for Strela, Lily's and Sweet Butter lettuces. I need to try Golden Purslane. Tatiana's TOMATObase: With 1187 varieties of tomatoes listed, this is the place to look if you want a specific rare one. Most of her other listings seem to have been trimmed down, although she has increased her peppers with 59 varieties being available, including Aji Limon, Cambuci from Barbadoes and mentioned as a favourite, Chimayo, Cserko, De Bresse, Rabbit Mouth, and Rooster Spur... Oh how I wish I could grow them all! Don't forget that Tatiana's TOMATObase is also a wiki with information about most of the tomatoes in existance. It's the first place I look whenever I hear of a new one. Terra Edibles: was our original source for seeds when we first started gardening many years ago, and they are still going strong. They have many of our tried and true varieties, including the very hard-to-find but highly worth-while Spanish Skyscraper pea. Also the hard-to-find legume inoculant, available for a fairly short season in the spring, so check. They are strongest on beans and tomatoes, but they have an assortment of other vegetables as well. There is a small but good selection of melons including Charentais, Ginger's Pride, Montreal, Oka, Minnesota Midget, and Petit Gris de Rennes. Squash include Kakai, Galeux d'Eysines, Green Hokkaido, and Red Kuri. Terre Promise: Site now has an English option, but it has some problems. Better to stick to the French. Look for Black Panther edamame, Grosse Blonde Paresseuse (Fat Lazy Blonde to you!) lettuce, Dutch Princess beans, Soissons Gros Blanc à Rame beans, Boston Marrow squash, and Morden Midget (not that small) eggplant. They are strong on perennial (permaculture) items such as Persil de Mer (Sea Parsley), Catawissa walking onions, scorzonera, Chufa, Red (Blood) sorrel, and apios americana. In July Ste Anne shallots will be available. Urban Harvest: A nice collection including new Medallion mache (corn salad), Diamond eggplant, Shishito and Fiarello Sweet peppers, Elephant Head amaranth (highly ornamental!), Tokyo Bekana greens, Tom Thumb lettuce (I recommend it!), Scarlet kale, and Sunrise Bumblebee cherry tomatoes. Not listed as new but still likely-looking are Shooting Star eggplant, Purple Sprouting broccoli, and Giallo de (sic) Italia yellow zucchini. Urban Tomato: Not updated for 2019, but I would expect them to continue with their large selection of tomatoes and a small selection of other vegetables and flowers. West Coast Seeds: Very much like a West Coast equivalent to William Dam, with similar strengths and weaknesses. In spite of their very large number of f1 hybrids (some of them dubiously claimed not be GMO) they have a good selection of really useful open-pollinated seeds as well. I tripped over them last year after I posted when I was looking for as many open-pollinated varieties of cauliflower as I could find. They have 4 kinds, which given the prevalence of f1 hybrids in caulis is quite impressive. They list "Seeds to Watch for in 2019" including Kabuli chickpeas, Calypso slow-bolting cilantro, Yellow Wonder strawberries, Wasabi mustard, and Red Oxheart tomato. Other things that strike my eye include Matilda beans, Sayamusume soy beans, Winterkeeper Lutz beet, Natalino Romanesco and Summer Purple Sprouting broccoli. They have a quartet of open-pollinated radicchios that look lovely, as well as Puntarelle and Sugar Loaf chicories. Abundance kale, Alkindus lettuce, 6 types of quinoa, and Wasabi radish. Plenty of herbs and flowers, gardeners' tools, and a small but nice selection of potatoes rounds things out. Wild Rose Heritage Seed Company: Not yet updated for 2019. They are located in Lethbridge, Alberta so you can expect seeds adapted to short seasons. My impression is of a conservative but sufficiently comprehensive range of heirloom seeds. William Dam Seeds: I've spent the last 2 years complaining that almost everything new that they have is an F1 hybrid. And now this year, their only new vegetable that isn't one is Speedy bean - which admittedly sounds quite interesting. However, I'm willing to bet that the only reason it isn't a hybrid is because you can't (so far) do that with beans. They still have a number of open-pollinated standards but it looks like musical chairs is being played with them. Call out for Sumter pickling cucumbers which are the best pickling cukes we've ever grown, and we've grown quite a few. Still a good place for other gardening equipment that can be hard to find - trays, netting and row covers, organic fertilizer, etc, and a very large selection of ornamentals. from Seasonal Ontario Food https://seasonalontariofood.blogspot.com/2019/01/seed-catalogue-review-of-year-9th-annual.html

#Seasonal Ontario Food

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bettymmillerny · 6 years

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Star Killer Review By Charlie

What could Afghanistan, Colombia, Pakistan, Mexico, and Thailand all possibly have in common? Two words: Star Killer. You can see here that our Star Killer is coated with trichomes. In other words, it looks really frosty. The orange hairs complement the light and dark shades of green. The bud structure is neither dense nor wispy so you can gently break a nug apart just as fast as you need. You can relish its floral aroma while you’re at it. Here you’ll learn about Star Killer’s lineage, its terpenes, and its friendly effects for cannabis enthusiasts like you.

Star Killer is a hybrid of Skywalker OG and Rare Dankness #2.

OG Kush was bred with Skywalker to create Skywalker OG. OG Kush, like many legendary strains, has no definitive genetic record. That said, it’s widely presumed to be comprised of Chemdawg, Lemon Thai, and a landrace from the Hindu Kush Mountains in Pakistan. Skywalker is a hybrid of Mazar and Blueberry. The parents of Mazar are Skunk and Afghani. Skunk, if you’re not a weed nerd, is a mix of landrace strains from Afghanistan, Mexico, and Colombia. Blueberry is a complex cultivar that can be traced back to Thailand, Afghanistan, and Mexico. I’m loathe to get super technical with it but here we go: Rare Dankness #2 is Triangle Kush x [Ghost OG x (Ghost OG x Chemdawg)]. So there you have it!

Terpenes are the chemicals that cause you to experience particular flavors and therapeutic effects. The terpenes most prevalent in Star Killer are Caryophyllene, Humulene, Limonene, and Linalool.

Caryophyllene is found in many of the most popular peppers we consume. Humulene is highly concentrated in hops. Limonene is experienced in citrus fruits. Linalool is a staple of traditional Chinese medicine that also exists in lavender and lilacs.

The effects of Star Killer are here to assist you in revisiting your happy place! After a long day of work, I tend to need something to enhance the night. I feel a rush of enthusiasm for living that’s finely tempered with an assertive relaxation factor when I puff Star Killer. On it, I’m able to talk over current events without shutting down. I highly suggest you grind up some of our award winning Star Killer when you simply want to chillax for the evening.

from Cannabis News https://www.greenmancannabis.com/2018/07/star-killer-review-by-charlie/

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annagwebster84 · 6 years

Text

Star Killer Review By Charlie

Star Killer is a hybrid of Skywalker OG and Rare Dankness #2.

Terpenes are the chemicals that cause you to experience particular flavors and therapeutic effects. The terpenes most prevalent in Star Killer are Caryophyllene, Humulene, Limonene, and Linalool.

from Cannabis News https://www.greenmancannabis.com/2018/07/star-killer-review-by-charlie/

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emilyjtayloril · 6 years

Text

Star Killer Review By Charlie

Star Killer is a hybrid of Skywalker OG and Rare Dankness #2.

Terpenes are the chemicals that cause you to experience particular flavors and therapeutic effects. The terpenes most prevalent in Star Killer are Caryophyllene, Humulene, Limonene, and Linalool.

from Cannabis News https://www.greenmancannabis.com/2018/07/star-killer-review-by-charlie/

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sloan01 · 7 years

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New Post has been published on https://www.cooksutopia.com/vietnam-hanoi-dog-butcher-8bb/

Vietnam - Hanoi - Dog Butcher - 8bb

Dog meat refers to the flesh and other edible parts derived from dogs. Historically, human consumption of dog meat has been recorded in many parts of the world, including East and Southeast Asia, West Africa, Europe, Oceania and the Americas.

In the 21st century, dog meat is consumed in many parts of China, Korea and Vietnam, parts of Switzerland, as well as parts of Europe, Americas, the African continent, such as Cameroon, Ghana and Liberia.

Today, a number of cultures view the consumption of dog meat to be a part of their traditional and day-to-day cuisine, while others – such as Western culture – consider consumption of dog to be a taboo, although they have been consumed in times of war and/or other hardships or in rural areas where food is scarce. It was estimated in 2014 that worldwide, 25 million dogs are eaten each year by humans.

DOG BREEDS USED FOR MEAT NUREONGI The Nureongi is a yellowish landrace from Korea. Similar to other native Korean dog breeds, such as the Jindo, nureongi are medium-sized spitz-type dogs, but are larger, with greater musculature and a distinctive coat pattern. They are quite uniform in appearance, yellow hair and melanistic masks. Nureongi are most often used as a livestock dog, raised for its meat, and not commonly kept as pets.

HAWAIIAN POI The Hawaiian Poi Dog or ʻīlio (ʻīlio mākuʻe for brown-furred Poi dogs) is an extinct breed of pariah dog from Hawaiʻi which was used by Native Hawaiians as a spiritual protector of children and as a source of food.

XOLOITZCUINTLE (Mexican Hairless) The Xoloitzcuintle, or Xolo for short, is a hairless breed of dog, found in toy, miniature and standard sizes. The Xolo also comes in a coated variety and all three sizes can be born to a single litter. It is also known as Mexican hairless dog in English speaking countries, is one of several breeds of hairless dog and has been used as a historical source of food for the Aztec Empire.

BY REGION AFRICA CAMEROON The Mandara mountains people like dog meat. The Mayo-Plata (Mayo Sava district) market is well known for its dog meat outlets. Among the Vame people, domestic dogs are only eaten for specific rituals.

DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO Despite tests showing 156 dogs were infected with Ebola, the consumption of dog meat is no longer taboo. Several families may chip in to purchase a whole large dog.

GHANA The Tallensi, the Akyim’s, the Kokis, and the Yaakuma, one of many cultures of Ghana, consider dog meat a delicacy. While the Mamprusi generally avoid dog meat, it is eaten in a "courtship stew" provided by a king to his royal lineage. Two Tribes in Ghana, Frafra and Dagaaba are particularly known to be "tribal playmates" and consumption of dog meat is the common bond between the two tribes. Every year around September, games are organised between these two tribes and the Dog Head is the trophy at stake for the winning tribe

LIBERIA Liberians are said to lump the term dog meat and bushmeat together. A local animal welfare group. Anti Pet & Bush Meat Coalition, claimed 75% of Liberians consume dog meat. 75% of Liberians rely on bush and pet meat as a staple diet.

MOROCCO Islamic law bans the eating of dog meat as does the government of Morocco, however the consumption of dog meat still occurs particularly in poorer regions, often being passed off as other meats as was the case in 2013 and 2009 cases

NIGERIA Dogs are eaten by various groups in some states of Nigeria, including Akwa Ibom, Cross River, Plateau, Ondo, Kalaba, Taraba and Gombe of Nigeria. They are believed to have medicinal powers.

In late 2014, the fear of contracting the Ebola virus disease from bushmeat led at least one major Nigerian newspaper to imply that eating dog meat was a healthy alternative. That paper documented a thriving trade in dog meat and slow sales of even well smoked bushmeat.

AMERICAS CANADA It is legal to sell and serve dog meat, providing that it must be killed and gutted in front of federal inspectors. If a dog is killed out of the view of federal inspectors, the killing might involve cruelty, which would be a violation of the Criminal Code, and those convicted may be sentenced to up to 5 years in prison.

ANCIENT MEXICO In the time of the Aztec Empire in what is now central Mexico, Mexican Hairless Dogs were bred, among other purposes, for their meat. Hernán Cortés reported when he arrived in Tenochtitlan in 1519, "small gelded dogs which they breed for eating" were among the goods sold in the city markets. These dogs, Xoloitzcuintles, were often depicted in pre-Columbian Mexican pottery. The breed was almost extinct in the 1940s, but the British Military Attaché in Mexico City, Norman Wright, developed a thriving breed from some of the dogs he found in remote villages.

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA The term "dog" has been used as a synonym for sausage since 1884 and accusations that sausage makers used dog meat date to at least 1845. The belief that sausages contained dog meat was occasionally justified.

In the late 19th century, a cure for tuberculosis (then colloquially termed "consumption") using an exclusive diet of dog meat was tried. Reports of families eating dog meat out of choice, rather than necessity, were rare and newsworthy. Stories of families in Ohio and Newark, New Jersey who did so made it into editions of The New York Times in 1876 and 1885.

In the early 20th century, dog meat was consumed during times of meat shortage.

NATIVE AMERICANS The traditional culture surrounding the consumption of dog meat varied from tribe to tribe among the original inhabitants of North America, with some tribes relishing it as a delicacy, and others (such as the Comanche) treating it as a forbidden food. Native peoples of the Great Plains, such as the Sioux and Cheyenne, consumed it, but there was a concurrent religious taboo against the meat of wild canines.

During their 1803–1806 expedition, Meriwether Lewis and the other members of the Corps of Discovery consumed dog meat, either from their own animals or supplied by Native American tribes, including the Paiutes and Wah-clel-lah Indians, a branch of the Watlatas, the Clatsop, the Teton Sioux (Lakota), the Nez Perce Indians, and the Hidatsas. Lewis and the members of the expedition ate dog meat, except William Clark, who reportedly could not bring himself to eat dogs.

The Kickapoo people include puppy meat in many of their traditional festivals. This practice has been well documented in the Works Progress Administration "Indian Pioneer History Project for Oklahoma".

AUSTRALIA It is legal to eat dogs in most States and Territories, except for South Australia. However, it is illegal to sell dog meat in any Australian State or Territory.

ARTIC AND ANTARTIC Dogs have historically been emergency food sources for various peoples in Siberia, northern Canada, and Greenland. Sled dogs are usually maintained for pulling sleds, but occasionally are eaten when no other food is available.

British explorer Ernest Shackleton and his Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition became trapped, and ultimately killed their sled dogs for food. Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen was known to have eaten sled dogs during his expedition to the South Pole. By eating some of the sled dogs, he required less human or dog food, thus lightening his load. When comparing sled dogs to ponies as draught animals he also notes:

"…there is the obvious advantage that dog can be fed on dog. One can reduce one’s pack little by little, slaughtering the feebler ones and feeding the chosen with them. In this way they get fresh meat. Our dogs lived on dog’s flesh and pemmican the whole way, and this enabled them to do splendid work. And if we ourselves wanted a piece of fresh meat we could cut off a delicate little fillet; it tasted to us as good as the best beef. The dogs do not object at all; as long as they get their share they do not mind what part of their comrade’s carcass it comes from. All that was left after one of these canine meals was the teeth of the victim – and if it had been a really hard day, these also disappeared."

Douglas Mawson and Xavier Mertz were part of the Far Eastern Party, a three-man sledging team with Lieutenant B.E.S. Ninnis, to survey King George V Land, Antarctica. On 14 December 1912 Ninnis fell through a snow-covered crevasse along with most of the party’s rations, and was never seen again. Mawson and Mertz turned back immediately. They had one and a half weeks’ food for themselves and nothing at all for the dogs. Their meagre provisions forced them to eat their remaining sled dogs on their 507 km return journey. Their meat was tough, stringy and without a vestige of fat. Each animal yielded very little, and the major part was fed to the surviving dogs, which ate the meat, skin and bones until nothing remained. The men also ate the dog’s brains and livers. Unfortunately eating the liver of sled dogs produces the condition hypervitaminosis A because canines have a much higher tolerance for vitamin A than humans do. Mertz suffered a quick deterioration. He developed stomach pains and became incapacitated and incoherent. On 7 January 1913, Mertz died. Mawson continued alone, eventually making it back to camp alive.

ASIA/PACIFIC CHINA Selling dog meat for consumption is legal in Mainland China and approximately 10 million dogs each year are slaughtered for consumption. The eating of dog meat in China dates back thousands of years. Dog meat (Chinese: 狗肉; pinyin: gǒu ròu) has been a source of food in some areas from around 500 BC and possibly even earlier. It has been suggested that wolves in southern China may have been domesticated as a source of meat. Mencius, the philosopher, talked about dog meat as being an edible, dietary meat. It is thought to have medicinal properties, and is especially popular in winter months in northern China, as it is believed to raise body temperature after consumption and promote warmth. Historical records have moreover shown how in times of food scarcities (as in war-time situations), dogs could also be eaten as an emergency food source.

Dog meat is sometimes called "fragrant meat" (香肉 xiāng ròu) or "mutton of the earth" (地羊 dì yáng) in Mandarin Chinese and "3–6 fragrant meat" (Chinese: 三六香肉; Cantonese Yale: sàam luhk hèung yuhk) in Cantonese (3 plus 6 is 9 and the words "nine" and "dog" have close pronunciation. In Mandarin, "nine" and "dog" are pronounced differently).

In modern times, the extent of dog consumption in China varies by region, most prevalent in Guangdong, Yunnan and Guangxi, as well as the northern provinces of Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning. It is still common to find dog meat served in restaurants in Southern China, where dogs are specially raised on farms. However, there are instances of finding stolen pet meat on menus. Chinese netizens and the Chinese police intercepted trucks transporting caged dogs to be slaughtered in localities such as Chongqing and Kunming. In 2014, 11 people in the Hunan province were sentenced to prison for allegedly poisoning over 1,000 dogs and selling the poisonous meat to restaurants. Since 2009, Yulin, Guangxi has held an annual festival of eating dog meat. This purportedly celebrates the summer solstice, however, in 2014, the municipal government published a statement that the festival is not a cultural tradition, rather, a commercial event held by restaurants and the public. Various dog meat dishes (and more recently, cats) are eaten, washed down by lychees wine. The festival in 2011 spanned 10 days, during which 15,000 dogs were consumed. Estimates of the number of dogs eaten during the festival range between 10 and 15 thousand. Festival organisers say that only dogs bred specifically for consumption are used, however, there are claims that some of the dogs purchased for slaughter and consumption are strays or stolen pets, as evidenced by their wearing collars. Some of the dogs eaten at the festival are burnt or boiled alive and there are reports that the dogs are sometimes clubbed or beaten to death in the belief that the increased adrenalin circulating in the dog’s body adds to the flavour of the meat. At the 2015 festival, there were long queues outside large (300-seat) eateries which sold the dog meat for around £4 (€5.60) per kilogram. Prior to the 2014 festival, eight dogs (and their two cages) sold for 1,150 yuan ($185) and six puppies for 1,200 yuan. Prior to the 2015 festival, a protester bought 100 dogs for 7,000 yuan ($1,100; £710). The animal rights NGO Best Volunteer Centre claims the city has more than 100 slaughterhouses, processing between 30 and 100 dogs a day. However, the Yulin Centre for Animal Disease Control and Prevention claims the city has only eight dog slaughterhouses selling approximately 200 dogs, although this increases to about 2,000 dogs during the Yulin festival. There are several campaigns to stop the festival; more than 3,000,000 people have signed petitions against it on Weibo (China’s version of Twitter) and a petition to stop the festival (addressed to the Chinese Minister of Agriculture, Chen Wu) reads "Do the humane thing by saying no to this festival and save the lives of countless dogs that will fall victim to this event – an event that will butcher, skin alive, beat to death etc. thousands of innocent dogs." Prior to the 2014 festival, doctors and nurses staff were ordered not to eat dog meat there, and local restaurants serving dog meat were ordered to cover the word "dog" on their signs and notices.

The movement against the consumption of cat and dog meat was given added impetus by the formation of the Chinese Companion Animal Protection Network (CCAPN). Expanded to more than 40 member societies, CCAPN in 2006 began organizing protests against eating dogs and cat, starting in Guangzhou and following up in more than ten other cities with a positive response from the public. Before the 2008 Beijing Olympics, officials ordered dog meat to be taken off the menu at its 112 official Olympic restaurants to avoid offending visitors from various nations who might have been concerned by the offering of dog meat.

In 2010, draft legislation was proposed to prohibit the consumption of dog meat. The legislation, however, was not expected to be enforced, making the consumption of dog meat illegal if it passed. In 2010, the first draft proposal of the legislation was introduced, with the rationale to protect animals from maltreatment. The legislation includes a measure to jail people for up to 15 days for eating dog meat. However, certain cultural food festivals continue to promote the meat. For example, in 2014, 10,000 dogs were killed for the Yulin dog eating festival.

As of the early 21st century, dog meat consumption is declining or disappearing. In 2014, dog meat sales decreased by a third compared to 2013. It was reported that in 2015, one of the most popular restaurants in Guangzhou serving dog meat was closed after the local government tightened regulations; the restaurant had served dog meat dishes since 1963. Other restaurants that served dog and cat meat dishes in the Yuancun and Panyu districts also stopped serving these in 2015.

HONG KONG In Hong Kong, the Dogs and Cats Ordinance was introduced by the British Hong Kong Government on 6 January 1950. It prohibits the slaughter of any dog or cat for use as food, whether for mankind or otherwise, on pain of fine and imprisonment. In February 1998, a Hong Konger was sentenced to one month imprisonment and a fine of two thousand HK dollars for hunting street dogs for food. Four local men were sentenced to 30 days imprisonment in December 2006 for having slaughtered two dogs.

TAIWAN In 2001, the Taiwanese government imposed a ban on the sale of dog meat, due to both pressure from domestic animal welfare groups and a desire to improve international perceptions, although there were some protests. In 2007, another law was passed, significantly increasing the fines to sellers of dog meat. However, animal rights campaigners have accused the Taiwanese government of not prosecuting those who continue to slaughter and serve dog meat at restaurants. Although the slaughter and consumption of dog meat is illegal in Taiwan, there are reports that suggest the practice continues as of 2011. In Taiwan, dog meat is called "fragrant meat" (Chinese: 香肉; pinyin: xiāngròu). In 2007, legislators passed a law to fine sellers of dog meat NT$250,000 (US$7,730). Dog meat is believed to have health benefits, including improving circulation and raising body temperature.

INDIA In India, dog meat is eaten by certain communities in the Northeast Indian border states of Mizoram, Nagaland, and Manipur where it is considered to be a delicacy. These states border Burma and may have been influenced by Chinese culture and traditions.

INDONESIA Indonesia is predominantly Muslim, a faith which considers dog meat, along with pork to be "haraam" (ritually unclean) and therefore do not eat it. However, dog meat is eaten by several of Indonesia’s non-Muslim minorities.

The consumption of dog meat is associated with the Minahasa culture of northern Sulawesi, Maluku culture, and the Bataks of northern Sumatra, where dog meat is considered a festive dish usually reserved for occasions such as weddings and Christmas.

Popular Indonesian dog-meat dishes are rica-rica, also called rintek wuuk or "RW", rica-rica waung, guk-guk, and "B1". On Java, there are several dishes made from dog meat, such as sengsu (tongseng asu), sate jamu, and kambing balap.

Dog consumption in Indonesia gained attention in United States where dog is a taboo food, during 2012 Presidential election when incumbent Barack Obama was pointed by his opponent to have eaten dog meat served by his Indonesian stepfather Lolo Soetoro during his stay in the country.

JAPAN The consumption of dog meat is not a feature of modern Japanese culture because Japanese people believe that certain dogs have special powers in their religion of Shintoism and Buddhism. Dog meat was consumed in Japan until 675 AD, when Emperor Temmu decreed a prohibition on its consumption during the 4th–9th months of the year. Normally a dog accompanied the emperor for battle, so it was believed that eating a dog gave emperors bad luck. In Japanese shrines certain animals are worshipped, such as dogs as it is believed they will give people a good luck charm. Animals are described as good luck in scrolls and Kakemono during the Kofun period, Asuka period and Nara period. According to Meisan Shojiki Ōrai (名産諸色往来) published in 1760, the meat of wild dog was sold along with boar, deer, fox, wolf, bear, raccoon dog, otter, weasel and cat in some regions of Edo. Ōta Nampo recorded witnessing puppies being eaten in Satsuma Province in a dish called Enokoro Meshi (えのころ飯).

KOREA Gaegogi (개고기) literally means "dog meat" in Korean. The term itself, however, is often mistaken as the term for Korean soup made from dog meat, which is actually called bosintang (보신탕; 補身湯, Body nourishing soup) (sometimes spelled "bo-shintang").

The consumption of dog meat in Korean culture can be traced through history. Dog bones were excavated in a neolithic settlement in Changnyeong, South Gyeongsang Province. A wall painting in the Goguryeo Tombs complex in South Hwangghae Province, a World Heritage site which dates from the 4th century AD, depicts a slaughtered dog in a storehouse. The Balhae people also enjoyed dog meat, and the modern-day tradition of canine cuisine seems to have come from that era.

Although their Mohe ancestors did not respect dogs, the Jurchen people began to respect dogs around the time of the Ming dynasty and passed this tradition on to the Manchu. It was prohibited in Jurchen culture to use dog skin, and forbidden for Jurchens to harm, kill, and eat dogs, as the Jurchens believed the "utmost evil" was the usage of dog skin by Koreans.

SOUTH KOREA Dog meat is often consumed during the summer months and is either roasted or prepared in soups or stews. The most popular of these soups is bosintang and gaejang-guk, a spicy stew meant to balance the body’s heat during the summer months. This is thought to ensure good health by balancing one’s "Qi", the believed vital energy of the body. A 19th-century version of gaejang-guk explains the preparation of the dish by boiling dog meat with vegetables such as green onions and chili pepper powder. Variations of the dish contain chicken and bamboo shoots.

Over 100,000 tons of dog meat, or 2.5 million dogs, are consumed annually in South Korea. Although a fair number of South Koreans (approximately 42% to 60%) have eaten dog meat at least once in their lifetime, only a small percentage of the population is believed to eat it on a regular basis.

The Ministry of Food and Drug Safety recognizes any edible product other than drugs as food. South Korean Food Sanitary Law (식품위생법) does not include dog meat as a legal food ingredient. In the capital city of Seoul, the sale of dog meat was outlawed by regulation on February 21, 1984 by classifying dog meat as ‘repugnant food’ (혐오식품), but the regulation was not rigorously enforced except during the 1988 Seoul Olympics. In 2001, the Mayor of Seoul announced there would be no extra enforcement efforts to control the sale of dog meat during the 2002 FIFA World Cup, which was partially hosted in Seoul. In March 2008, the Seoul Metropolitan Government announced its plan to put forward a policy suggestion to the central government to legally classify slaughter dogs as livestock, reigniting debate on the issue.

The primary dog breed raised for meat, the Nureongi (누렁이), or Hwangu (황구); is a non-specific, mixed breed.

There is a large and vocal group of Koreans (consisting of a number of animal welfare groups) who are against the practice of eating dogs. Popular television shows like ‘I Love Pet’ have documented, in 2011 for instance, the continued illegal sale of dog meat and slaughtering of dogs in suburban areas. The program also televised illegal dog farms and slaughterhouses, showing the unsanitary and horrific conditions of caged dogs, several of which were visibly sick with severe eye infections and malnutrition. However, despite this growing awareness, there remain some in Korea that do not eat or enjoy the meat, but do feel that it is the right of others to do so, along with a smaller but still vocal group of pro-dog cuisine people who want to popularize the consumption of dog in Korea and the rest of the world. A group of pro-dog meat individuals attempted to promote and publicize the consumption of dog meat worldwide during the run-up to the 2002 FIFA World Cup, co-hosted by Japan and South Korea, which prompted retaliation from animal rights campaigners and prominent figures such as Brigitte Bardot to denounce the practice. Opponents of dog meat consumption in South Korea are critical of the eating of dog meat, as some dogs are beaten, burnt or hanged to make their meat more tender.

The restaurants that sell dog meat, often exclusively, do so at the risk of losing their restaurant licenses. A case of a dog meat wholesaler, charged with selling dog meat, arose in 1997 where an appeals court acquitted the dog meat wholesaler, ruling that dogs were socially accepted as food. According to the National Assembly of South Korea, more than 20,000 restaurants, including the 6,484 registered restaurants, served soups made from dog meat in Korea in 1998. In 1999 the BBC reported that 8,500 tons of dog meat were consumed annually, with another 93,600 tons used to produce a medicinal tonic called gaesoju (개소주).

NORTH KOREA Daily NK reported that the North Korean government included dog meat in its new list of one hundred fixed prices, setting a fixed price of 500 won per kilogram in early 2010.

NEW ZEALAND Dog meat is rarely eaten in New Zealand but has been said to be becoming more popular as it is not illegal as long as the dog is humanely killed.

A Tongan man living in New Zealand caused public outrage when he was caught cooking his pet dog in his backyard; this event led to calls for change in the law.

PHILIPPINES The “Malays”, a sea-faring population that is now scattered throughout South-East Asia, introduced the practice of domesticating dogs for meat consumption to the indigenous population of the Philippines.

In the capital city of Manila, Metro Manila Commission Ordinance 82-05 specifically prohibits the killing and selling of dogs for food. Generally however, the Philippine Animal Welfare Act 1998 prohibits the killing of any animal other than cattle, pigs, goats, sheep, poultry, rabbits, carabaos, horses, deer and crocodiles, with exemptions for religious, cultural, research, public safety and/or animal health reasons. Nevertheless, the consumption of dog meat is not uncommon in the Philippines, reflected in the occasional coverage in Philippine newspapers,.

The Province of Benguet specifically allows cultural use of dog meat by indigenous people and acknowledges this might lead to limited commercial use.

Asocena is a dish primarily consisting of dog meat originating from the Philippines.

In the early 1980s, there was an international outcry about dog meat consumption in the Philippines after newspapers published photos of Margaret Thatcher, then British Prime Minister, with a dog carcass hanging beside her on a market stall. The British Government discussed withdrawing foreign aid and other countries, such as Australia, considered similar action. To avoid such action, the Filipino government banned the sale of dog meat, despite dog meat being the third most consumed meat, behind pork and goat. The ban eventually became totally disregarded, although it was reinstated by President Ramos in 1998 in the Animal Welfare Act (Republic Act 8485).

POLYNESIA Dogs were historically eaten in Tahiti and other islands of Polynesia, including Hawaii at the time of first European contact. James Cook, when first visiting Tahiti in 1769, recorded in his journal, "few were there of us but what allow’d that a South Sea Dog was next to an English Lamb, one thing in their favour is that they live entirely upon Vegetables". Calwin Schwabe reported in 1979 that dog was widely eaten in Hawaii and considered to be of higher quality than pork or chicken. When Hawaiians first encountered early British and American explorers, they were at a loss to explain the visitors’ attitudes about dog meat. The Hawaiians raised both dogs and pigs as pets and for food. They could not understand why their British and American visitors only found the pig suitable for consumption. This practice seems to have died out, along with the native Hawaiian breed of dog, the unique Hawaiian Poi Dog, which was primarily used for this purpose. The consumption of domestic dog meat is still commonplace in the Kingdom of Tonga, and has also been noted in expatriate Tongan communities in New Zealand, Australia, and the United States.

THAILAND Unlike other countries where dog meat consumption has been shown to have historical precedents, Thailand does not have a mainstream culture of dog eating. However, in recent years, the consumption of dog meat in certain areas of the country, especially in certain northeastern provinces like Sakon Nakhon and Nakhon Phanom, notably Sakon Nakhon province’s Tha Rae sub-district, which has been identified as the main center for the country’s illegal, albeit lucrative, dog meat trade, has attracted widespread attention from the Thai population and local news media. This has led large groups of Thai citizens to become increasingly vocal against the consumption of dog meat and the selling of dogs that are transported through Laos to neighbouring Mekong countries, including Vietnam and China. According to news reports, a considerable number of these dogs continue to be stolen from people’s homes by illegal carriers. This was also the case following the 2011 Thailand Floods. Dubbed as the country’s ‘Trade of Shame’, Thai netizens, in particular, have now formed several informal animal welfare and rescue groups in an attempt to stop this illegal trade, with the collective attitude being that ‘Dogs are not food’. Established not-for-profit animal charity organizations like the Soi Dog Foundation have also been active in raising awareness and working in conjunction with local Thai authorities to rehabilitate and relocate dogs rescued from trucks attempting to transport live dogs across the border to nearby countries. Significantly, this issue has strengthened the nation’s animal rights movement, which continues to call on the Thai government to adopt a stricter and more comprehensive animal rights law to prevent the maltreatment of pets and cruelty against all animals.

TIMOR LESTE Dog meat is a delicacy popular in East Timor.

UZBEKISTAN Although not commonly eaten, dog meat is sometimes used in Uzbekistan in the belief that it has medicinal properties.

VIETNAM Dog meat is consumed more commonly in the northern part of Vietnam than in the south, and can be found in special restaurants which specifically serve dog meat. Dog meat is believed to bring good fortune in Vietnamese culture. It is seen as being comparable in consumption to chicken or pork. In urban areas, there are sections that house a lot of dog meat restaurants. For example, on Nhat Tan Street, Tây Hồ District, Hanoi, many restaurants serve dog meat. Groups of customers, usually male, seated on mats, will spend their evenings sharing plates of dog meat and drinking alcohol. The consumption of dog meat can be part of a ritual usually occurring toward the end of the lunar month for reasons of astrology and luck. Restaurants which mainly exist to serve dog meat may only open for the last half of the lunar month. Dog meat is also believed to raise the libido in men. The Associated Press reported in October 2009 that a soaring economy has led to the booming of dog restaurants in Hanoi, and that this has led to a proliferation of dognappers. Reportedly, a 20 kilograms dog can sell for more than $100 — roughly the monthly salary of an average Vietnamese worker. The Vietnamese Catholic Church is a major consumer of dog meat during the Christmas holiday. There is a large smuggling trade from Thailand to export dogs to Vietnam for human consumption.In 2009, dog meat was found to be a main carrier of the Vibrio cholerae bacterium, which caused the summer epidemic of cholera in northern Vietnam. Prior to 2014, more than 5 million dogs were killed for meat every year in Vietnam according to the Asia Canine Protection Alliance. However, there are indications that the desire to eat dog meat in Vietnam is waning. Part of the decline is thought to be due to an increased number of Vietnamese people keeping dogs as pets, as their incomes have risen in the past few decades. “[People] used to raise dogs to guard the house, and when they needed the meat, they ate it. Now they keep dog as pets, imported from China, Japan, and other countries. One pet dog might cost hundreds of millions of dong [100 million dong is $4,677].”

EUROPE BRITAIN & IRELAND Eating dog meat is considered entirely taboo, as is common with most European societies, and has been taboo for many centuries outside of times of scarcity such as sieges or famines. However, early Brittonic and Irish texts which date from the early Christian period suggest that dog meat was sometimes consumed but possibly in ritual contexts such as Druidic ritual trance. Sacrificial dog bones are often recovered from archaeological sites however they were typically treated differently, as were horses, from other food animals. One of Ireland’s mythological heroes Cuchulainn, had two geasa, or vows, one of which was to avoid the meat of dogs. The breaking of his geasa led to his death in the Irish mythology.

BELGIUM A few meat shops sold dog meat during the German occupation of Belgium in World War I, when food was extremely scarce. According to The New York Times, in the 19th century the Council of the Veterinary School of Belgium occasionally recommended dog meat for human consumption after being properly inspected.

FRANCE Although consumption of dog meat is uncommon in France, and is now considered taboo, dog meat has been consumed in the past by the Gauls. The earliest evidence of dog consumption in France was found at Gaulish archaeological sites, where butchered dog bones were discovered. French news sources from the late 19th century carried stories reporting lines of people buying dog meat, which was described as being "beautiful and light." During the Siege of Paris (1870–1871), there were lines at butcher’s shops of people waiting to purchase dog meat. Dog meat was also reported as being sold by some butchers in Paris, 1910.

GERMANY Dog meat has been eaten in every major German crisis since, at least, the time of Frederick the Great, and is commonly referred to as "blockade mutton". In the early 20th century, high meat prices led to widespread consumption of horse and dog meat in Germany.

The consumption of dog meat continued in the 1920s. In 1937, a meat inspection law targeted against trichinella was introduced for pigs, dogs, boars, foxes, badgers, and other carnivores. Dog meat has been prohibited in Germany since 1986.

SAXONY In the latter part of World War I, dog meat was being eaten in Saxony by the poorer classes because of famine conditions.

THE NETHERLANDS During severe meat shortages coinciding with the German occupation from 1940 to 1945, sausages found to have been made of dog meat were confiscated by authorities in the Netherlands.

POLAND While dog meat is not eaten, some rural areas of Poland especially Lesser Poland, dog fat can be made into lard, which by tradition is believed to have medicinal properties — being good for the lungs, for instance. Since the 16th century, fat from various animals, including dogs, was used as part of folk medicine, and since the 18th century, dog fat has had a reputation as being beneficial for the lungs. It is worth noting that the consumption of such meat is considered taboo in Polish culture, also making lard out of dogs’ fat is illegal. In 2009, a scandal erupted when a farm near Częstochowa was discovered rearing dogs to be rendered down into lard. According to Grazyna Zawada, from Gazeta Wyborcza, there were farms in Czestochowa, Klobuck, and in the Radom area, and in the decade from 2000 to 2010 six people producing dog lard were found guilty of breaching animal welfare laws (found guilty of killing dogs and animal cruelty) and sentenced to jail. As of 2014 there have been new cases prosecuted.

SWITZERLAND Dogs, as well as cats, are eaten regularly by farmers in rural areas for personal consumption. While commercial slaughter and sale of dog meat is illegal, cultural attitudes toward slaughtering of animals for meat is traditionally liberal in Switzerland. The favorite type of meat comes from a dog related to the Rottweiler and consumed as ‘mostbrockli’ a form of marinated meat. Animals are slaughtered by butchers and either shot or bludgeoned.

In his 1979 book Unmentionable Cuisine, Calvin Schwabe described a Swiss dog meat recipe gedörrtes Hundefleisch served as paper-thin slices, as well as smoked dog ham, Hundeschinken, which is prepared by salting and drying raw dog meat.

It is illegal in Switzerland to commercially produce food made from dog meat, or to produce such food for commercial purposes.

WIKIPEDIA

Posted by asienman on 2017-05-28 17:41:46

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