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if-you-fan-a-fire · 2 years

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“Col. Warden Recalls Hindu 'Invasion’,” Border Cities Star. February 16, 1933. Page 5. ---- Addresses Lions; Plan To Make Jobs Is Advanced ---- THE Koma Gato Maru incident in Vancouver in 1914 was related by Colonel John W. Warden, O.B.E., D S O., at last night's meeting of the Windsor Lions Club, held in the Norton-Palmer Hotel. The other features of the program were Edward Harding's plan for the relief of unemployment and the announcement that Dr. H. Irvine Wiley was chosen as the new district governor of Lions.

'"When war is in the offing," declared Colonel Warden, "nations who are anxious to go to war show it by their plans. Previous to the world war Germany planned against England. They sent 300 strikers out to the coal mines in British Columbia to bring on a strike a year before the war. This was done so that no coal would be available for the navy or commercial purposes.

"I was stationed there just one year then and it presented a delicate situation. We rounded up 100 men but we could not find the ringleaders. To find them we said that we were going out of town and we left town but waited just outside of the town. As soon as we had left 1,500 men gathered in one place and we were notified immediately. We came back to town and captured the ringleaders and had them brought up for trial. This was done in spite of considerable disturbance from the women folks.

Wishing to cause trouble within the British Empire Germany collected 350 Hindu deserters of the Indian Army, took them to Shanghai and sent them to Canada. British naval authorities were watching their movements and notified us in Vancouver. We were told to handle the situation with diplomacy and to avoid trouble.

'Canadian officials told us not to allow them to land by any means. When the boat, the Koma Gato Maru, pulled into the harbor took 20 sea-going launches and a tug out to meet it. The man in charge of immigration was not familiar with East Indians and lost their respect by going to them first. A man who was then a member of Parliament and is now a cabinet minister made the same mistake.

"They often promised to go back peaceably but their promises were only tricks to get supplies. '"Immigration officials sent 200 policemen out at midnight to surprise the Indians but they were waiting and drove the police away by throwing missiles of every kind down at them in the smaller boat. I was struck in the back with a large lump of coal and then they cut the grappling ropes.

'"Finally I went out to their ship and told them that if they did not leave by five o'clock we would bring a warship out and make them leave. The warship came alongside with men marching on deck and at two minutes to five they cast anchor and moved out the harbor under our escort. As we left them they took off their sandals and threw, them at us and spit at us.

"When they got back to India they started a riot and two-thirds of them were killed and the rest captured. Then the war started and I left but shortly afterwards our interpreter who had been threatened with myself was shot while in the courtroom.

"This is just an example." concluded Colonel Warden, "of how other nations seek to make trouble for Great Britain when they are planning a war."

A plan for the relief of unemployment was submitted by Mr. Harding and a committee was appointed to present it to the Border Chamber of Commerce. The plan has been tried and found sound in Rochester, New York, and now other cities are undertaking it. It calls for a canvass of all citizens and obtaining their pledges to spend whatever amount they can in the next three months on improving homes, factories, stores, buildings and grounds and for the purchase of new articles. In Rochester and Monroe County the residents pledged themselves to spend $6.026.351.95 during the next three months. The plan is designed to prevent hoarding of money and to create employment.

[AL: A remarkable display of the racist, classist, conspiracy theorizing of the Canadian military and political elite, especially the ‘small fry’ of this class - local administrators, politicians, police, prison, military and capitalists, the powerful on a municipal or rural level, who can only understand events in their time as the acts of agitators and foreign enemies. It’s clearly a post-facto argument, too, sort of like The Simpsons’ Moe claiming ‘even when I knew it was the bears, I knew it was them [the immigrants].’ People like Warden opposed to Sikh immigration or strikers didn’t hide behind ‘imperial Germany did it’ at the time - they just argued that White Canada had to keep out the wrong colour and punish the labour agitator. The implication here, too, is that the unrest of the Great Depression was being caused by the Soviet Union.]

#komagata maru incident #komagata maru #vancouver #windsor #racism in canada #xenophobia in canada #conspiracy theory #canada in the british empire #local elites #lions club #prison officer #essex county jail #british raj #anti-immigrant sentiment #indian immigration to canada #great depression in canada

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livesanskrit · 1 month

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Send from Sansgreet Android App. Sanskrit greetings app from team @livesanskrit .

It's the first Android app for sending @sanskrit greetings. Download app from https://livesanskrit.com/sansgreet

Baba Gurdit Singh.

Baba Gurdit Singh (25 August 1860 – 24 July 1954) was the central figure in the Komagata Maru incident of 1914,[1] one of several incidents in the history of early 20th century involving exclusion laws in both Canada and the United States designed to keep out immigrants of only Asian origin.

#sansgreet #sanskritgreetings #greetingsinsanskrit #sanskritquotes #sanskritthoughts #emergingsanskrit #sanskrittrends #trendsinsanskrit #livesanskrit #sanskritlanguage #sanskritlove #sanskritdailyquotes #sanskritdailythoughts #sanskrit #resanskrit #babagurditsingh #babagurdittaji #gurdit #baba #singh #sarhali #punjabi #punjab #sikh #amritsar #komagatamaru #khalsa #khalsaarmy #waheguruji #celebratingsanskrit

#greetingsinsanskrit #sanskritgreetings #sanskrittrends #trendsinsanskrit #livesanskrit #sanskrit #celebratingsanskrit #incredibleindia #indianarmy

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immigrantnetworks · 1 year

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The Journey of Indian Immigration in Canada: A Historical and Contemporary Perspective

Indian immigration in Canada has a rich and diverse history, spanning over a century. This journey reflects not only the economic and political dynamics of both countries but also the enduring spirit of the Indian diaspora seeking new opportunities on foreign shores. This article delves into the historical and contemporary aspects of Indian immigration in Canada, shedding light on the challenges, contributions, and evolution of this vibrant community.

Historical Waves of Immigration

The roots of Indian immigration in Canada can be traced back to the late 19th century when a small number of Punjabi Sikh men arrived seeking economic prospects, often finding work in industries like lumber and agriculture. This marked the beginning of a relationship that would eventually lead to a significant Indian presence in the country. The early 20th century saw an influx of Indian immigrants, many of whom faced harsh working conditions and discriminatory laws.

Challenges and Discrimination

The history of Indian immigration in Canada is also marked by challenges and discrimination. The infamous "Continuous Journey Regulation" of 1908, enacted to restrict Indian immigration, required individuals to arrive in Canada by a continuous journey from their country of origin, a condition not applicable to European immigrants. This discriminatory policy led to the infamous Komagata Maru incident in 1914, where a ship carrying Indian passengers was denied entry, highlighting the racial bias of the time.

Contributions and Cultural Enrichment

Despite the hardships, the Indian immigrant community in Canada persevered and made significant contributions to various sectors. One notable area is agriculture, where Punjabi immigrants played a crucial role in transforming the agricultural landscape of British Columbia. Over time, Indian Canadians also excelled in academia, business, politics, and the arts, enriching the multicultural fabric of the nation.

Contemporary Landscape

In recent decades, Indian immigration in Canada has taken on a new complexion. While the historical ties between the two countries remain strong, the focus has shifted towards skilled migration. Canada's welcoming immigration policies and the growing demand for skilled professionals have attracted a diverse range of Indian talent, including IT professionals, healthcare workers, engineers, and entrepreneurs.

Economic Impact

The Indian diaspora has played a pivotal role in Canada's economy. Many Indian immigrants are highly educated and bring with them a wealth of skills and knowledge. This has contributed to Canada's competitiveness on the global stage. Additionally, the entrepreneurial spirit within the Indian community has led to the establishment of numerous businesses, creating jobs and driving innovation.

Cultural Integration

Cultural integration is another noteworthy aspect of Indian immigration in Canada. Over the years, Indian festivals, cuisine, and traditions have become an integral part of Canada's multicultural mosaic. Diwali, Holi, and Eid are celebrated with enthusiasm across the country. Indian restaurants and grocery stores are commonplace, offering a taste of home to the community and introducing Canadian residents to the rich diversity of Indian culture.

Challenges Today

Despite the progress, challenges persist. Some members of the Indian diaspora still face instances of racism and discrimination. Issues related to the recognition of foreign credentials and the struggle to maintain cultural identity within a rapidly changing environment also persist. Community organisations and advocacy groups continue to work towards addressing these challenges and fostering greater inclusivity.

The Bottom Line

The journey of Indian immigration in Canada is a testament to the resilience, perseverance, and contributions of a vibrant community. From the early struggles against discriminatory policies to the contemporary successes in various fields, Indian Canadians have left an indelible mark on the nation. As Canada continues to embrace diversity and multiculturalism, the Indian diaspora remains an integral part of the country's social, economic, and cultural fabric. The historical roots and modern aspirations of this community continue to shape the narrative of Indian immigration in Canada, creating a story of strength and triumph in the face of adversity.

#immigrants #new immigrants in canada #professional networks in canada #indian immigrants in canada

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upscmagazine · 2 years

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#Komagata #Maru Incident #komagatamaruincident #incident #upsc #cse #whyinnews #komagatamaru #komagatamaruship #lifesupportsystem #ruraleconomy #komagatamaruincidentin2016

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allthecanadianpolitics · 2 years

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What’s maplewashing?

From Wikipedia:

In 2019, the English and Art departments at Kwantlen Polytechnic University collaborated to put on an exhibition called Maple-Washing: A Disruption, which featured various works examining Canadian history from diverse perspectives. With "Maple-Washing" (portmanteau of maple and "whitewash") referring to the alleged tendency of Canadian institutions to sanitize Canadian history.[15] Historical topics and events covered in the exhibition included Canadian participation in the trans-Atlantic slave trade, the Komagata Maru incident, the internment of Japanese Canadians during World War Two, and the Chinese head tax, frequently "maple-washed" incidents.[16]

And this article which summarizes this kind of thing:

Accounting for Histories: 150 Years of Canadian Maple Washing

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thenetionalnews · 2 years

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Komagata Maru tragedy: Saying sorry isn't enough to address colonial oppression

Komagata Maru tragedy: Saying sorry isn’t enough to address colonial oppression

Today, as we mark the 108th anniversary of the infamous Komagata Maru incident, there is a need to revisit the notion of healing, and the pain of this colonial massacre. The Komagata Maru incident is a tragic tale of imigrants from British India who traveled across oceans, in search of a better life. The steamship Komagata Maru, carrying 337 Sikhs, 27 Muslims, and 12 Hindus sailed to Vancouver’s…

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jasonlawson0 · 4 years

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Work stoppage in support of Juneteenth shuts down West Coast ports

VANCOUVER — Ports along the West Coast of Canada and the United States were quiet Friday as workers with the International Longshore and Warehouse Union stopped operations to support racial equality and social justice.

A statement from the union said the eight-hour action was to honour Juneteenth, the celebration of the emancipation of slaves in the United States on June 19, 1865.

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livesanskrit · 1 year

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Send from Sansgreet Android App. Sanskrit greetings app from team @livesanskrit .

It's the first Android app for sending @sanskrit greetings. Download app from https://livesanskrit.com/sansgreet

Baba Gurdit Singh.

Baba Gurdit Singh (25 August 1860 – 24 July 1954) was the central figure in the Komagata Maru incident of 1914,[1] one of several incidents in the history of early 20th century involving exclusion laws in both Canada and the United States designed to keep out immigrants of only Asian origin.

#sansgreet #sanskritgreetings #greetingsinsanskrit #sanskritquotes #sanskritthoughts #emergingsanskrit #sanskrittrends #trendsinsanskrit #livesanskrit #sanskritlanguage #sanskritlove #sanskritdailyquotes #sanskritdailythoughts #sanskrit #resanskrit #babagurditsingh #babagurdittaji #gurdit #baba #singh #sarhali #punjabi #punjab #sikh #amritsar #komagatamaru #khalsa #khalsaarmy #waheguruji #celebratingsanskrit

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langarinvancouver · 5 years

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A Challenging History and a Meaningful Contribution

The 20th century saw the first arrival of Sikh immigrants to Canada, on the West Coast, often retired British soldiers working to support their relatives who remained in India (Desjardins, 2009). At the same time, government policies formed in the first decade of the century targeted South Asian immigrants, evident in the case of the Komagata Maru incident of 1914. For those Sikh who settled, some traveled West to small towns to work in manual labour (Desjardins). How did these communities throughout Canada integrate with society? How did they maintain ties to their own heritage and culture? The Sikh practice of Langar is an example of how an immigrant community has used their own cultural and religious heritage as a means to integrate with and contribute to Canadian civil society. Here in Vancouver, Guru Nanak’s Free Kitchen plays this role, providing free meals to the local community while educating about Sikh culture and religious practice.

Equality is a prominent value in Sikh belief. As Jakobsh and Walton-Roberts point out in their research, the Sikhs in Canada have a strong history of social activism tied to this value, fighting for the protection of minorities, refugee rights, and freedom of religious expression (Jakobsh and Walton-Roberts, 2018). Such movements have a political underpinning. The practice of langar, however, similarly expresses the importance of equality for the Sikh community while resonating across political perspectives as a more universal act of charity. Tracing back to the first Guru of the Sikhs, Guru Nanak Dev Ji, Langar is a community kitchen in a Gurdwara where meals are provided freely to any visitor, who sit together on the floor for the meal, regardless of their class, gender, or racial background. It is based on the four primary Sikh principles of equality, hospitality, service and charity (Desjardins).

Guru Nanak’s Free Kitchen is a Vancouver organization lead by the Sikh community which has been providing meals in the downtown eastside since 2007. This organization extends the principles behind langar to engage specifically in the issue of poverty particular to this neighbourhood of Vancouver. One large meal is served weekly downtown, and they also contribute meals at shelters twice a month (Singh, 2017).

Guru Nanak’s Free Kitchen visits UBC as a part of the awareness campaign, International Langar Week. The campaign seeks to educate about the practice of langar, encouraging people to visit Gurdwara’s for the free food service (IndoCanadian Voice, 2017). On their visit to campus, they set up a space for langar in the student NEST, serving the traditional langar meal and engaging with students to teach them about the core principles of Sikh faith. In a time where religion is often regarded as a source of division, their presence on campus was a powerful example of how to encourage tolerance and community giving through communities of faith.

Considering the challenges faced by Sikh communities immigrating to Canada historically, it is remarkable to note where they have succeeded in contributing deeply to serious societal needs, like combating hunger and promoting religious tolerance through the practice of Langar.

>>>>>Sources:

Desjardins, Michel, and Ellen Desjardins. “Food That Builds Community: The Sikh Langar �� in Canada.” Cuizine: The Journal of Canadian Food Cultures, vol. 1, no. 2, 2009, doi:10.7202/037851ar.

Jakobsh, Doris, and Margaret Walton-Roberts. “A Century of Miri Piri: Securing Sikh Belonging in Canada.” Diasporas and Transnationalisms, 2018, pp. 83–100., doi:10.4324/9781315203768-7.

Singh, Simran. “Guru Nanak's Free Kitchen Gives Indian Meals to Those in Need in the Downtown Eastside Every Week.” Daily Hive, Daily Hive, 10 Feb. 2017, dailyhive.com/vancouver/guru-nanaks-free-kitchen-serves-meals-to-those-in-need.

“UBC Students Get a Taste of Free Yummy Meals Courtesy of International Langar Week.” Indo-Canadian Voice, 11 Oct. 2017, www.voiceonline.com/students-courtesy-international/.

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kootenaygoon · 6 years

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Nobody knows the Kootenays like Greg Nesteroff.

A celebrated historian and journalist, he first made a name for himself as a columnist and reporter for the Nelson Star, eventually moving up to the editor position. He then became news director of Juice FM, a gig he inherited from veteran broadcaster Glenn Hicks.

Last year Nesteroff decided to take some time off to work on two full-length book projects — one will be a collection of his popular Place Names columns, while the other will be a biography of Sandon founder John Morgan Harris. Meanwhile he started a blog: The Kütne Reader.

Kootenay Goon caught up with Greg to chat about the world of blogging, his obsession with the past and the future of journalism.

#1. For many of the posts on Kütne Reader, a historical document or photograph ends up being the jumping off point for a deep dive into the life of some historical character most have never heard of. (I loved your story about "The Midnight Nurse", by the way.) Your investigative skill-set is honestly staggering — I can't believe you successfully dredge up some of the information you do.

It seems to me like this would be a lengthy process, and I'm curious what your strategy is when building these stories. What are your go-to sources? Are you constantly haunting the archives, or looking this stuff up in books, or some combination of both?

Gee, thanks! My hat will no longer fit.

I had a stockpile of unpublished stories I was able to drawn on initially. I've exhausted most of them, so now I'm putting up new posts at a slightly slower pace. Although I have no shortage of ideas, it takes longer to assemble each post. You're right about a single photograph, document, or artifact inspiring a post. It doesn't take much to get me interested and headed down a proverbial rabbit hole.

Go-to sources: ancestry.com plus the ever-expanding list of digitized newspapers, particularly the early Kootenay papers available through UBC's BC Historical Newspapers site and the ones on newspapers.com. The recent addition to the latter of The Vancouver Sun was particularly exciting. I visit archives and libraries less often than I used to because so much is available online now. But I spent 20 years taking notes from newspapers and local history books (the room where I write is groaning under the weight of those books), so there is lots I can search even on my own computer desktop.

Even though an amazing number of books have been written about this region (with more added each year) there is no shortage of subjects left unexplored or under-explored. The digitization of newspapers and books is giving us the tools to explore topics and questions in previously impossible ways. It's fun to be part of the first wave of historians to take advantage of this technology.

Some of my posts are wholly original; you won't find anything about those subjects in any history book. Others are a matter of presenting existing information in a new way. My post entitled "15 curious things about Peter (Lordly) Verigin's death" contained nothing that hadn't already been published, but it was presented in a novel way. Whereas "A phony dentist in the Slocan Valley" recounted the life of a career criminal which had never been presented in full.

#2. You took 2018 off to focus on writing your books. Now that 2019's staring us in the face, how much progress have you made?

Alarmingly little. I blame the blog.

I can throw something up in a hurry without worrying too much about being artful and get instant feedback. Whereas the books are long-term projects that require more care and thought and will not bear fruit for a long time. So the quicker, shorter stuff is much more attractive. It gives me a sense of accomplishment and makes me feel productive in spite of the lack of progress on the books.

I will say that I have reorganized my Johnny Harris biography in a way that should make it more compelling. But I haven't added very much. It still sits at about 43,000 words with a huge amount left to do.

The place name series is more a matter of compiling and condensing than writing, since the basis for it has been a series that has appeared in local newspapers for the last six years. But even then, all I've accomplished so far is a sample chapter for letters P and Q.

Fortunately, my literary agent and wife are both prodding me to get going on the books before my nest egg runs out.

#3. Your other big project has been this blog, and you've been churning out content on the regular. How does it feel to switch mediums, to switch from your home in the pages of the Nelson Star and unleash your work online? Obviously there's no word count limits, which is nice, but what else inspired you to make the jump?

It was probably just a procrastination tool.

It seemed more fun than what I was actually supposed to be doing. I had no goal initially and didn't give a lot of thought to how it would look or what it would contain. I didn't even really envision anyone reading it. (Which is not unusual, since I've written lots of things for my own amusement and never bothered to share them. Some have since been posted on the blog.)

Now I do pay more attention to what I'm doing and actively try to increase page views, although I view it purely as a game.

#4. In a number of your historical posts you write about about the First Nations residents of the West Kootenay, including the Sinixt and the Ktunaxa. (Cool postcard of those pictographs, by the way.) This is a subject I don't know much about, and surely I'm not the only one. In your research, what have you learned about their history and how do you feel it informs your understanding of First Nations issues today?

I don't pretend to be an expert on local First Nations. But I am very interested in overlooked stories and overlooked people.

The First Nations of West Kootenay certainly fall in that category. For generations we experienced a sort of collective amnesia, with descendants of European settlers claiming there never were any First Nations people here, or that they were only transient. That attitude started to shift about 30 years ago, and today you will hear aboriginal acknowledgements at the start of city council meetings, but we still have a long way to go in recognizing local indigenous history.

Other visible minorities have also been given short shrift in local history, including Chinese Canadians and Japanese Canadians. For many years their stories in this area were not well told, but that has changed in the past few decades, thanks to a few key writers and curators. There is still much untapped ground: for instance, no one has ever written in detail about South Asian pioneers of this region, but I would like to. There were many Indo Canadian sawmill workers in our area, and there is even a West Kootenay connection to the Komagata Maru.

#5. I know you have a special relationship with Sandon, the ghost town just outside New Denver. (For those of you who haven't been, it's worth it just to check out the fleet of historic Vancouver buses randomly parked there.) If memory serves, you've been researching the founder — who was apparently quite the character. What is it about Sandon that initially won your attention?

Sandon has held generations of history buffs in thrall, probably because of its setting and the heights it reached before its lengthy descent into a ghost town. I am no exception. I was taken by it during my first childhood trip. Even though it was hardly an attractive place at that time, it still made a deep impression on me. I recall thinking that I'd somehow like to contribute to the study of local history, but assumed everything there was to know had already been discovered. Well ...

I became particularly interested in John Morgan Harris, the subject of the biography I am writing, when looking into myths about Sandon. There was a story he killed someone before coming to the area. I didn't believe it, but it turned out to be true. I spent a few days in the Wallace, Idaho library reading newspapers about that incident and the rest of his exploits there.

I've also been to his birthplace and grave in Virginia.

#6. You spend a lot of time living in the past, but you also produce stellar journalism about the present day. Is it hard to switch back and forth, and do you think the two pursuits influence and inform each other?

It's not hard to switch.

But it is nice to bring a historical perspective to a current news story, to tell your reader how typical or atypical an event is, the last time it happened, or just supply some trivia that enlivens your copy.

In writing history I use the genealogist's toolkit more than the reporter's. The same resources people use to compile family trees I use to pursue obscure historical figures. Most of the time my subjects are long dead, so I'm not able to interview them or anyone who knew them. But I use ancestry.com and the BC archives vital events index nearly every day in addition to the aforementioned digitized newspaper sites.

Thank goodness for those pioneer papers. Despite their biases and blind spots (those visible minorities mentioned earlier were routinely condemned when they weren't ignored), without them we would have a much poorer understanding of what went on around here.

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hartfabrications · 7 years

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Secrets from Myself (Dancing Cat Books)

Eleven-year-old Katelyn has always heard voices and had visions. She's long suspected she was hearing from past lives. But when she runs away from home and hides out with an old friend in Vancouver, things become more real. She even finds herself writing the words of someone else in a diary: the words of someone whose fate was deeply impacted by the Komagata Maru Incident. As Katelyn learns more about the Komagata Maru and the person communicating with her, she realizes that she has a task to fulfill that will correct a wrong from the past.

Image sources clockwise: pexels.com, Dancing Cat Books, Wikipedia, pexels.com

#middle grade #mg #middle grade novel #paranormal #mg paranormal

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dhaliwalmanjit · 4 years

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ਕਾਮਾਗਾਟਾਮਾਰੂ ਸਾਕੇ ਦੀ ਅਸਲ ਕਹਾਣੀ | Komagata Maru Incident Facts in punjabi...

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allthecanadianpolitics · 3 years

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Vancouver City Council is issuing a public apology Tuesday for the city’s role in the historic 1914 Komagata Maru incident where almost 400 Sikh passengers were denied entry into Canada.

Council has worked with Jas Toor, the president of the Descendants of Komagata Maru Society, on a committee to declare Sunday, May 23, as a day of remembrance.

Toor’s grandfather was one of 376 Indian immigrants who arrived off the coast of B.C. on the Japanese steamship Komagata Maru, only to be denied entry into Vancouver, which at the time was the country’s most diverse city.

“My grandfather … was the only student. He came for a higher education. Instead, he got a lesson in racism,” Toor says.

Tagging: @politicsofcanada

#Komagata Maru #Vancouver #Racism #South Asian #cdnpoli #canada #canadian politics #canadian news #canadian

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unapg · 5 years

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VANCOUVER- Federal Minister of Public Services Carla Qualtrough and Minister of Defence Harjit Sajjan announced the removal of Henry Herbert Stevens’ name from a federal public building at 125 10th Ave. E. in Vancouver’s Mount Pleasant neighbourhood. The building will not be renamed but, in the spirit of Indigenous reconciliation, the ministers recognized a newly painted mural on the building as a “symbolic gesture of reconciliation to the victims of the Komagata Maru incident” and as a way of commemorating “the kindness of spirit” demonstrated by the nearby Indigenous Peoples at that time.

#unagainstpersecutiongenocide #NoGenocide

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lakshyasiddhi-blog · 5 years

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Round Table Conferences 1930-32

Round Table Conferences was held in London between 1930 and 1932 AD.This conference was organized on the basis of the announcement of the then Viceroy Lord Irwin on August 31, 1929. In this conference, Lord Irwin proposed a 'Round Table Conference' in London for the creation of a new Constitution of India after the Simon Commission's report was published. Organizing the Conference Also read :what is komagata maru incidentAll the members of the Simon Commission were English, thereby causing intense dissatisfaction among the Indians. The conference was organized to overcome this discontent.In 1929, at the Lahore convention of the Indian National Congress, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru had made a clear announcement from the presidency that Indians' goal is complete independence and it is useless to participate in Congress Round Table Conference. Mahatma Gandhi launched the Civil Disobedience Movement on April 6, 1930, and after a month, the report of the Simon Commission was published.The Indian government took shelter of harsh suppression and closed all the Congress leaders including Mahatma Gandhi in jail.With this, though, the movement became silent in appearance, but indirectly its fire burnt. In order to address the increasing dissatisfaction, the 'Round Table Conference' was held in London in November 1931, in which representatives from all political parties of India and England were invited.The conference was chaired by the then Prime Minister of England, Ramsey McDonald, and organized three conferences- First Round Table Conference - September 12, 1930, to May 29, 1931 ADSecond Round Table Conference - September 7, 1930 AD to December 2, 1931 AD3rd Round Table Conference - November 17, 1932, to December 24, 1932 AD Also read : Governor-general and viceroys (1858-1947)First Round Table Conference The Indian National Congress did not send any representative in the first conference.At this conference, the British Government accepted the administration's responsibilities of the provinces' assemblies. The Central Legislature is formed on the basis of the relationship between British India and the indigenous States. Also read :Governor general and viceroys before 1857 in indiaSecond conference Mahatma Gandhi participated in the second conference as the sole representative of the Congress.In this, the question of the sharing of seats on the basis of communal representation was considered. But this question could not be mutually agreed on, because the Muslim delegates believed that they would be able to get more seats from the British than the compromise of Hindus. Taking advantage of this stalemate, Prime Minister Ramzan McDonald announced a communal decision, not only to valid minorities, but also to give a separate representation to the Dalit class of Hindus. Also read :Nehru Report 1928Third conference In the Third Round Table Conference, all the people agreed on certain principles of Indian constitutional progress. Who were, placed in front of the joint selection committee of both the Houses of the British Parliament as a white paper. This white paper later became the basis of the Government of India Act of 1933 AD.

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jasonlawson0 · 4 years

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Horgan calls for national anti-racism program; will pitch idea to PM, premiers

VICTORIA — B.C. Premier John Horgan says he will push for a national anti-racism program this week during a conference call with Prime Minister Justin Trudeau and his fellow premiers.

Horgan says racism is a vexing problem that requires a nationwide approach to ensure the participation and support of all Canadians from coast to coast to coast.

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