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#like I roughly know how much like a gallon of milk costs but I don’t know how much art costs
andhumanslovedstories · 6 months
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I was thinking idly about commissioning some artwork, but I don’t know what a fair pay scale is. I’ve seen a lot of posts advertising commissions, but the prices seem to vary a lot, and a lot of those posts are like “I am in dire financial straits so I’m selling art,” which makes me think that those might not be prices that are ideal for the artist. Is there a standardly accepted range? What factors into it? Like, a full body character portrait with basic post and background should be about $thismuch to $thatmuch? How do you artists calculate your rates?
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anitacoknow · 3 years
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I'm feeling my emotions pretty hard today (June 14th, 2021), so it might be a good idea to start writing.
Trigger Warning:
This text post mentions suicide, death, abortion, and could be an uneasy read.
About two months ago, I almost died during a routine abortion. The way that sounds, my stomach turns and it makes the tears fall like a monsoon. Nothing about getting an abortion is easy, it is humiliating and it's a huge personal hurdle to deal with - my heart goes out to any woman who has been in that tough position. That being said, I'm not writing this for sympathy nor am I looking for negative comments or death threats, I put myself through that enough already with my own mental.
Starting this attempt to release my emotions is difficult because I'm not even sure what to say to myself. I guess I am also hopeful someone will have the right words through experience or just in general because I'm struggling to find the words within myself.
To begin, I can't have children anymore and that is the worst part; I made a decision that took future decisions, future generations, future plans away from me. So, to anyone who wanted to go in on me at the sight of the word abortion: fate ironically beat you to the punch.
I made a decision that my heart wasn't wholly in and it almost cost me my life and it cost my daughter's life (I don't need scientific fact proving she was just a clump of cells and hadn't begun processing pain or emotion or whatever, doesn't change shit as far as empathy goes, so please shove it).
Her birth name was to be Juniper.
To give some insight, Washington State allows abortions up to 28 weeks. For those who aren't aware of pregnancy cycles/trimesters, 28 weeks is still half way through the pregnancy and the beginning of the second trimester. The fetus during this stage has become more human like and all that science stuff. I had my abortion at 21 weeks, in a clinic and the process shouldn't have gone the way it did.
On the second day of my procedure, I was put under anesthesia and when I woke up I wasn't all there. Before this, I had never experienced being put under anesthesia to my recollection, so what I thought I was feeling was normal. It wasn't until I realized I had been losing conciousness that things started to feel unnatural. I was laid on the floor of the "recovery room" and I started to regain conciousness fast. There was a lot of blood between my legs and mentioning it to them seemed to make the blood pool more. It wasn't long after that the doctor that performed the procedure squated next to me to tell me she needed to put me back under.
For the next bit, I apologize to the squeamish.
There was another woman in the room with me who had just come out of her own anesthesia, she was ironically a CNA, who started to show signs of worry when I wasn't making the anticipated recovery. The doctor had her removed from the room and leaned back in to tell me that they couldn't locate the fetal head and a few limbs. When they attempted to have me walk back to the room, I fainted and was placed back on the floor. The nurses wheeled me into the surgical room and helped me back on to the table, to which I protested them allowing me to see my ride. I'm hesitant to mention the father in this because it is sensitive, so I apologize for how he is mentioned in further comments. It wasn't until I saw him that things started to blur and I started losing conciousness again.
I feel it is also important to explain what I felt, which was extremely cold. My nipples were harder than they had ever been and despite the numerous blankets, warmed and otherwise, that were placed on me, my body didn't feel warmth until the EMTs carted me to the ambulance and the sun touched me; and again when I was placed on the surgical table at the hospital. Mentally, I don't think I was aware of anything bad happening to my body. Even after hearing they lost the fetal head, I don't think I ever reacted. If I had to say, I was mentally blissful - which isn't something I have ever experienced. I literally couldn't care less, everything was a joke (which is also part of my personality when dealing with assumed stressful situations) to me up until I arrived at the ER and they put me under before telling me that they might have to remove my whole uterus. My last words would have been: "oh, this table is so warm!" to the doctor who saved my life. When I woke up 24 hours later, there was a tube in my throat and I was tied to the bed (which Hollywood doesn't show in movies or T.V. so when you are experiencing it, it is really scary and it fucking hurts.) in ICU.
So, what the fuck happened?
Well, my uterus at the time of the abortion was about 2 pounds heavy and 2 feet long; Juniper was about the size of a sweet potato to give you an image. During the abortion, the doctor perforated my uterus, the length of the tear was about a foot long according to my surgeon/aftercare doctor. The abortion itself was supposedly no more than 10 minutes, but I was apparently under for roughly an hour. My ride expected me out in two hours, but after speaking to him, started to worry when I hadn't responded to texts and the elapsed time came to four hours. During the removal of the fetus, after perforation had occurred, I laid there internally bleeding for several hours. The human body can hold minimum 5 litres of blood (or to give you an physical idea, a gallon [US] of milk about) depending on the size of the body and health. A human can die from losing 2 litres of blood, but I survived after losing 4 litres internally, which is probably what saved my life. I vaguely remember being lifted on to the gurney and I vaguely remember the ride to the ER. I was given 7 units of blood, my uterus was stitched in 8 layers and the fetal head had nestled itself behind my kidney, so I had an emergency cesarean, plus a JP drain placed to remove all the blood that pooled in my abdomen.
The hospital experience itself is a different story and makes the whole ordeal just as sad. The only solace I had were two nurses that really didn't judge me, outside of that, everyone there had an opinion and wore it on their face and in their treatment. My last interaction with one of the doctors who helped performed my "miraculous" surgery and was probably the most surprising bit because it included a little racism. My partner is white and he is cisgender. Before his appearance, said doctor largely made fun of my pain tolerance when removing surgical tape from my incision area and inner thighs. If you haven't had a cesarean or don't know exactly what it is, after making the initial incision, the doctors have to literally tear the muscles apart to get to your uterus. In my case, I also had to have my intestines removed to get to my kidneys. Needless to say, my midsection was very sensitive outside of my low pain threshold. During the stint, he very angrily asked me if I wanted to remove the bandage myself while showing his frustration in his whole body and face. At that point, I just said fuck it and let him tear the bandage from my body with a little skin along with it. After a quick look, he stood up and asked if I cared if he left to deliver a baby and he didn't wait for a response, I assume because my face probably said exactly what he wanted. I sat there and cried until my partner got there and when he showed face again, his bedside manner gave me whiplash. He released us after I made a large fuss about my care and I left holding back tears until we were out of sight of the hospital.
The day before I almost died, I sat with the owner of the clinic who also doubles as a nurse there, and cried to her about my fear and the little consolation I had because she was kind. I have had two previous abortions during a previous marriage that I also didn't want to have, but being in an abusive relationship, you give and take a lot, that included. I confided in her that those two experiences, both at Planned Parenthood, were riddled in racist bedside manner and left me uneasy about abortions and clinics in general. Being a woman of color herself, she cried with me and assured me that things would be fine, in fact the woman doing my abortion would also be a woman of color. She called me two days later, I could hear her sadness, but it also left me in such a state of panic that I ended the conversation without saying much.
Women of color do not have great mortality rates when it comes to medical intervention, especially during pregnancies/child birth. However, uterus perforation during an abortion only occurs at a rate of .3%, so I'm part of a medical anomaly (it isn't an anomaly at all, she just fucked up). Beyond that, women of color, specifically black women are more likely to suffer from medical racism during aftercare. One of the biggest glaring problems being that black women are percieved to have a high pain threshold, something a lot of people lack.
Since this experience, which is missing a lot of detail, I've gone in an out of depressive mania. Which, to say the least, I can handle because I've dealt with it for years. What I can't handle are commercials, or even cherub faces in person, or the fact that my step-sister announced her pregnancy to our parents on mother's day. I can't handle the notifications of memories from my pictures that spotlight some of the photos I took during my pregnancy. I can't handle that my neighbors had just moved in and had just given birth right before being released from the hospital. Movie montages about children growing up making lumps swell in my throat. For the first few weeks I would wake up screaming, or crying, or begging whoever not to take my baby from me. I tried to cope with sex that I couldn't realistically have because I was healing. I took up smoking cigarettes again because it is the only thing I could physically feel relax my incision area. My daughter, who is 9 years old, asks me how I'm doing when I don't realize I'm zoned out and crying.
Overall, I wish they would have let me die. It isn't like I haven't tried to kill myself before and I always secretly hoped I'd find a way to just go peacefully. Of all my attempts at suicide, the most serious was drinking bleach and all I got from that was minor chemical burn in my esophagus.
Sitting there during my last follow up, knowing damn well I wasn't going to get good news, I asked the doctor who saved my uterus and life if I could safely get pregnant. I was told by another I could have a child, but it would most likely be harrowing because my uterus wouldn't be able to house a full term fetus and they would most like be born premature. There was also another possibility she kept from me, which my doctor with a penchant for being very frank said: "would end up taking my uterus or almost killing me."
Word for word: if I get pregnant, my uterus would rupture at the healed incision.
And what, what am I supposed to think or feel now that my worst fear finally materialized? I'm realistically mad at myself for materializing my greatest fear. I also hate myself for being so upset at something I caused because I know others are in my situation for reasons beyond their control.
I thought writing this would make me feel better, would make it so I wouldn't have to mentally relive it, but I just feel worse. My partner lost his job because he took a leave of absence to take care of me and that's to say nothing of him taking time off at the beginning of the year because he needed brain surgery. The job I had interviewed for earlier in the week kept my position open, but on returning to work found I couldn't keep my anxiety to a minimum and eventually asked for leave of absence. So now, we are struggling financially and I blame myself for that too, which I know I shouldn't.
I can't begin to explain how unsure and confused I feel every day. Some times I find myself pacing or walking around and I don't even know what I'm doing. Hearing or seeing emergency vehicles makes me panic. I've had to force myself to look down during driving because I'm so fucking scared.
Idk, I'm sorry to whoever is reading this. I just needed to vent.
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copierleasecenter1 · 4 years
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Everything You Need to Know About a Copier Lease in 17 Minutes
We can start with the basics. And then we can go from there into some of how to save money and other things like that.
How to Acquire a Copier
So the first thing is a corporate lease is a way to acquire a copier. You can also purchase a copier. Lastly, you can also rent a copier, or you can lease a copier. 
And then on top of the leasing plan, you’ll have a supply and service plan, which will take care of the following:
Ink
Service
Parts
Labor
Delivery
and more.
So what we’re talking about here is the getting of the physical equipment into your office.
So getting, let’s say, for example, this Xerox CAD 30, and you want it in your office. This lease is a way to get that in there without putting $6,000 or $7,000 down, plus having a monthly payment of $130 to $150 a month.
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How to Calculate Your Copier Lease Rate
The first thing to know is there are tables. When we’re making a copier sale, we’re looking at a table kind of like this:
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Q2 Leasing Rates
A Fair Market Value lease means that at the end of the contract, the copier gets returned to a warehouse, and then you’ll be responsible for the shipment of the copier to that warehouse. You’ll complete your lease at the end of the term.
We also have a $1 Purchase option, which means at the end of the lease, you pay a dollar, and the copier now belongs to you.
You have different rates basically because, on the Fair Market Value lease, they’re giving the copier back, and there’ll be a value to that. The $1 Purchase Option lease lets you keep the copier, which is gets factored into the numbers on the table.
What you end up doing is you will take the amount that you’re financing. So let’s say it’s $7,000, and you are going to do a five-year lease. You would be in the $3k to $10k band right here. And so you multiply by 0.0195, And you would end up with about $136.50 on a fair market value lease.
On a dollar out lease, you would do the same thing. You go to the 60-month term, and you see “0.0208.” So you would go $7,000 x 0.0208, and that’s $145.60. So about $9 per month difference. And then $9 x 60 is $540, which is about what it costs to ship it back at the end, anyway.
So, I would tend to do the $1 Purchase Option because then I have an option to run it further afterward. If it’s still running great, I could sell it on Craigslist or use it as a backup.
Other people want to have the payment as low as possible. And they’re going to depend on the copier company to take care of that shipping fee, which will get rolled into the next lease, at the end of the contract.
So that’s two different ways to do a copier lease. And as you can see, there’s these different stairsteps. And so between $1 and $3,000 has a different lease rate factor than between $3,000 and $10,000.
So technically speaking, if we go $2,999 x 0.0235, and that would be $70.47. But if you go $3,000, so you just raise it $1, then that’s $58.50, so it’s $11.50 a month and almost $700 total. So that $1 difference in price makes a $700 total payment difference.
We try to focus on how we make sure that you’re in the right part of the stairsteps so that you can get the best rates possible.
Technically, it may mean adding a hundred dollars to your cost to ensure that your price goes down based on the lease rate factor.
Automatic Renewals
And the next you’d want to know is usually on any of these leases, towards the end of the lease, they have a clause that will do an automatic renewal. And so it’s always good to mark that into your calendar system that will let you know 60 or 90 days before the end of the lease.
You don’t want to automatically renew the year-long copier lease because you’ve already paid for the copier, and now you’re just basically giving the bank extra money.
So it’s pretty much always a bad deal to renew. If you do it a month or two, it’s not the end of the world. If you start doing it for a year, that’s just wasted $1,400 – $1,500.
So I like to have a reminder put into the calendar that lets me know on month 56 that we’re coming to the end of that lease. Ensure that you give the appropriate notifications because there’ll be a clause that says that if you don’t renew within a specific timeframe, you’ll have to keep it for maybe another three to twelve months depending on how it’s written.
Automatic Escalation Fees
One of the other things I try to look for within a lease is automatic escalations.
What an automatic escalation is, is it’s going to take the number like where we had here, $60 a month for that $3,000 copier, and it’s going to say, every year we have the right to raise the lease rate a particular percentage The standard percentage is somewhere around 10%.
So the $60 a month will go to $66, and then it’ll go $72, then $78, then $84. So by the time we hit $84 a month when the rep comes back around, it’s easier to say, “Hey, we can get you into another copier for just $60 a month, basically where you were though at the beginning.”
If you didn’t have that escalator, it would be harder to roll the next copier in because that escalation makes your lease payment higher each year. So I always would avoid escalation fees.
It’s easy for most copier companies to take that out of their contracts. We’d always recommend that when you lease a copier that you make sure you don’t have an escalation fee.
And be sure to mark down when the lease is supposed to expire.
Coverage Limitations
The next thing I would pay attention to is the idea of coverage limitations. That’s on the supplies and service agreement.
So, each copier is rated to do a certain number of pages per toner cartridge.
So if you think of it like each toner cartridges is like a gallon of milk. Each page comes out and expecting that you’re going to get so many cups of milk out of each gallon because a cup holds so much fluid, and you can multiply that out and determine how many cups of milk you’re going to get. They use the same kind of logic for pages.
So you have a toner cartridge, which has a bunch of toner in it. And each page that you print is going to utilize a certain amount of that toner. And it’s based on a recovery trait, and usually, that’s 5% per color. So the color is 20% because there’s four colors, cyan, magenta, yellow, and black. The black and whites 5% coverage is a typical industry average because it’s only black. There’s no cyan, magenta, or yellow to take into account.
What happens on some leases or some service plans is that if you exceed 5% or above 20% color coverage, then there can be a multiplier added to compensate for the toner usage. So if it turns out that you’re averaging 30% or 40% coverage, instead of 20%, your color rate can rise by 1.5 to 2 times. Check to see if there’s a penalty if you exceed a particular percentage within your coverage.
And so that’s something else that we look at and try to make sure that, you know, if you’re going to lease a copier that you’re paying attention to your coverage, or getting ideally a lease contract that does not have a penalty on color coverage.
What to Look For in Overage Charges
You also want to see what your overages are. Overages technically should be lower in price, not higher, if you exceed the base.
What will happen on a base is that you’ll get a certain number of prints.
So we can use an example of 10,000 prints. Let’s say they’re all black and white just to make it simple. And they’re a penny apiece, so it’s a hundred dollars a month, and you get 10,000 prints. And then once you exceed 10,000, you get billed per print for any that you do over 10,000. So if you do 11,000 prints, then the last thousand would be charged at the overage rate.
Often, I’ve seen that people will make the overage rate higher than the base rate, which doesn’t make sense because most of the service should be contained in the first part. And the overage should be cheaper because the service is already included in the base. And because the copier company is going to want to make sure that their service department is whole. So they’re going to make sure that the service is in there, no matter what. And then, once you exceed that base, the service part has been handled, more or less. 
Of course, the more prints to do, you will have more service calls. So there is more service expectation. So you would expect more service calls, but the cost is going to be lower because you don’t tend to find a one for one ratio there. And so if you’re at a penny per page for 10,000, we would expect that once you exceed 10,000, it should be nine-tenths of a penny or something like that. It shouldn’t be 1.2 cents after you hit the 10,000.
Keeping an eye on your base rate, then comparing it to the overage and making sure the overage is lower than your base is a good idea.
How Does a Zero Base Contract Save You Money?
I’ve noticed that a lot of customers are concerned about having zero base. Zero base would be ideal if I were buying a copier because then you’re just paying for what you’re using. You’re not paying for 10,000 prints and then only doing 5,000, and therefore your effective cost per print doubles. So I would always personally get a zero base contract unless I got a massive discount for the inclusions.
So if I went from $0.015 down to $0.01 and I was pretty sure that I was going to use 10,000 and it saved me half a penny per page, then, of course, that makes sense because I prefer to keep the $50 per month. If I wasn’t sure if I was going to do 10,000, there’s no way I would sign up for 10,000 pages because it’s like, they’ll do 3,000 in 1 month or 7,000. And in those months, I’m going to lose 7,000 pages that I purchased.
So I would always say whatever you think your minimum month is that you should do roughly 80% of that rather than signing up for your average because your average is going to fluctuate.
You’ll have some months that are higher than your average and some lower months. So, I would take my lowest month, and then multiply that by 80%. And I would use that as my base.
This way, I knew whatever I was doing, for example, if there’s a pandemic, like what we’re going through currently, and nobody’s working at the office, I’m not stuck paying for 10,000 pages a month while everybody’s gone.
So the idea is to pay for what you use, don’t pay for what you’re not using. And so that’s an essential thing also within your service contract.
Why Higher Copier Speed Isn’t Always Faster
One of the things that we see from some people is if they are looking at different products, what they’ll end up doing is getting, for example, a Xerox Altalink C8070 for $219 a month and 70 pages per minute because of speed.
And so one thing to be aware of is that sometimes these high-speed copiers, like the C8070, go 70 pages a minute when it’s fully warmed up, but it may take longer to warm up.
So, people will take a fast one because they want to go fast like this instead of a slower one. After all, they’re thinking 70 pages per minute is twice as fast as 35.
The one thing to be aware of is that many of these copiers producing 70 pages per minute, anything over 50, can often take longer to warm up. And then if it’s a small job, you’d go faster by having the smaller, more compact copier.
So it’s not always that the higher rated speed is the faster copier. One thing you need to look at is the warmup time because if you don’t factor in the warmup time, it could take 30 seconds to warm up in eight seconds for the other.
So you have 22 seconds of it being able to print, and most of your print jobs will be just a few pages. And so you could find that your day to day printing is slower by going with the faster copier.
It sounds kind of strange, but one thing to keep in mind is the more small jobs you have, the less that speed matters. The more long jobs you have, the more speed matters. If you’re doing 2,000 pages, you know, reports or 1,000-page reports, or even 200 page reports suddenly going 70 pages per minute, it starts making more sense because it takes three minutes to do that job instead of six on a 30 page per minute copier.
That’s something to keep in mind: the longer your jobs are, the more essential speed is. The shorter your jobs are, the less important speed becomes.
Duty Cycle Considerations
There are also duty cycle considerations. If it’s 10,000, 20,000 pages per month, you’re still probably going to want to go to a higher-end model just because of the print volume, not because of the speed requirements. So that’s another thing to consider.
I hope this was useful to you because you know that’s our goal here at Copy Lease Center is to provide great information to our clients. And so if you have any questions or concerns, please feel free to give us a call. We always work to get you a fair copier lease, and we’d love to chat with you. Thank you so much.
The post Everything You Need to Know About a Copier Lease in 17 Minutes appeared first on Copier Lease Center.
from Copier Lease Center https://www.copierleasecenter.com/everything-you-need-to-know-about-a-copier-lease-in-17-minutes/
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electricoutdoors · 6 years
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How to Survive a Nuclear Attack – What You Need to Know
How Can You Survive a Nuclear Attack?
Since nuclear weapons (aka nukes, nuclear bombs, atomic bombs) were first used during WWII, the world has been asking itself how to survive a nuclear attack or nuclear war. Now, with nuclear threats popping up around the world, Google searches for how to survive a nuclear attack are on the rise.
In the past we’ve been protected from the threat of nuclear attack and nuclear war by things like the idea of mutually assured destruction (MAD). This is where countries like the US and (at the time) the Soviet Union would never attack each other because it was understood that if it would end in the complete destruction of both countries.
Which Countries Have Nukes?
Today, the idea of MAD doesn’t keep us safe. The US and Russia still have nukes, but so do 7 other countries. France, China, the UK, Pakistan, India, Israel, and North Korea all have nuclear weapons now.
Only 5 of these countries legally possess nuclear weapons, the US, UK, Russia, China, and France.
Of these countries, Russia and the US still have more nukes than everyone else. It makes sense as the US was the first country with nukes starting in 1945 and Russia was second in 1949. North Korea was the last country to develop nuclear weapons in 2006.
The power of nuclear weapons has increased dramatically since 1945 as you can see in the two examples below.
This is what the blast radius would look like if Little Boy, the first nuke the US dropped on Japan, was dropped on Washington, D.C.
This is what the blast radius would look like if the largest tested Russian nuclear weapon, a 50 megaton device, was dropped on Washington D.C.
Current nuclear weapons have the potential to be about 3,000 times more powerful than the weapons used in WWII.
How Many Nuclear Weapons Does Each Country Have?
These numbers are estimates, but they’re accurate enough to give us a pretty clear picture of who has what. These numbers also give you a good idea of how hard it would be to survive a nuclear attack if it came from one of the large nuclear powers.
Russia has around 7,000 nukes.
The US is close behind with 6,800.
France is in a distant third with 300.
China has 260.
The UK has 215.
Pakistan has 140 and India has 120.
Israel has 80 and North Korea currently has between 8 and 60 depending on who you ask.
Countries in light blue (US, Russia, China, France, and UK) are legal nuclear States.
Countries in red (Pakistan, India, North Korea, Israel) own nuclear weapons.
Countries in dark blue are NATO nuclear weapons sharing states (Belgium, Germany, Netherlands, Italy, Turkey).
Countries in green (Belarus, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, South Africa) are States formerly possessing nuclear weapons.
How to Survive a Nuclear Attack
A lot of what goes into preparing to survive a nuclear attack is the same as prepping for any other disaster.
Have a plan before a nuclear attack is likely.
Everything starts with planning ahead. If you’re already of a preparedness mindset, then you’re most likely well on your way. If you aren’t already getting prepared, it’s never too late! Taking action today could save you and your family in the event of a nuclear attack or even a full-scale nuclear war. After an attack occurs is not the time that you should first be asking how to survive a nuclear attack.
Your plan will mostly revolve around the storage of food, water, medical supplies, etc. These will allow you to spend several days indoors and sealed up away from the radiation outside. Proper pre-planning is how to survive a nuclear attack.
This plan should also include choosing a room in your house to use as a shelter in place room. This room should be the area that provides the most shielding from radiation for you and your family. It should normally be where you store your supplies as well since this will allow you to already have everything in one place in the case of a nuclear attack. Rooms below ground level, with no windows, will work the best.
Choose where you live based on likely targets.
In order to drastically increase the likelihood of surviving a nuclear attack, live away from areas that provide targets of opportunity or strategic value. These areas include strategic missile sites and military bases, government centers like Washington, DC and capitals, transportation hubs and communication centers.
Manufacturing, industrial, technology, and financial centers, as well as refineries, power plants, and chemical plants, are also targets of value.
Store food that will not go bad.
Long term food storage is the backbone of most good preparedness plans. Foods like rice, beans, honey, powdered milk, wheat, sugar, oats and pasta are all great ways to begin storing food.
By buying in bulk, you can get a good head start on your food storage. For instance, a 50 lb bag of rice costs roughly $15-20 and has almost 30,000 calories. A 20 lb bag of pinto beans will cost you about the same and has a little more than 30,000 calories. For $30-40 you can start off with enough food for a family of four for a full week! You could stretch it out even further if you really needed to.
Adding other types of food like dried fruits and vegetables or freeze-dried meats will keep your food from getting boring and provide some added comfort in a time of amazing stress.
Make sure you include food for any pets.
Store water for you and your family.
One gallon of water per day, per person, is a good rule of thumb. Normal tap water will last for a long time, without needing any kind of treatment, as long as it’s kept away from sunlight and stored at room temperature. This prevents algae from growing in the container.
Some people advise rotating water out at least every year. This certainly doesn’t hurt, but it’s not totally necessary. As long as there isn’t anything growing in the water, you’re good to go.
Ensure that your pets have water as well. How much water they need is going to be dependent upon how large they are.
Other water storage tips:
Use food grade containers to store your water.
Commercial water filters or unscented household bleach can be used to disinfect water. Use 8 drops of bleach per gallon of water.
You can improve the taste of water that has been stored for long periods by pouring it back and forth between two containers.
Have a means of communication available.
At a minimum, you’ll want to have a hand crank radio available. If you get one that monitors the NOAA emergency channel, even better! This will let you listen in to emergency broadcasts that will hopefully be providing updates about the attack and other information like how long you should stay undercover, the status of the surrounding area or if someone will be coming to rescue you.
Keep your cell phone with you. I’d suggest turning it off to preserve the battery and turning it on every so often to see if you have a signal. Many hand crank radios also have USB ports to charge things like cell phones. You may even want to keep a spare charger cable with the radio just in case.
Keep enough medical supplies to treat common injuries.
I would suggest having a basic first aid kit at a minimum. This should have basic bandages, antibiotic ointment, rubber gloves, etc. You’re going to want to be able to treat cuts and other minor wounds with this kit.
If you want to be even more prepared, then you’ll need to have items that let you treat injuries that could be common following a nuclear attack. SAM Splints would be great to immobilize any broken bones or serious sprains caused by falling debris from the initial detonation. Lacerations from flying glass and debris can also occur. A few tourniquets, bandages and some quick clot impregnated gauze will give you the ability to treat severe bleeding.
Radiation burns will be common depending on your distance from the initial blast. Minor radiation burns (like a sunburn) can be cleaned and covered with Vaseline to prevent cracking. If they begin to char and blister, cover them with a sterile wrap. More severe burns will need to be treated more carefully. Cut away clothing around the burned area and wash the area with water only. If you’ve stored some burn dressings (you probably should), apply them to the burned area. If you don’t have a burn specific dressing, you can cover it with plastic wrap or anything else that will not stick to the burn.
Have a way to keep yourself clean.
This isn’t going to be the difference between life and death after just a few days, but it will make you more comfortable and make being sealed in a room with your entire family more bearable.
Baby wipes, deodorant, a toothbrush, and toothpaste can help you not only smell better, but also help you feel more normal and comfortable. It can go a long way to aid your mental well being.
You’re going to need to go to the bathroom.
You can either purchase something like a Luggable Loo or build your own.
A 5-gallon bucket, some heavy duty garbage bags, and cat litter make a great makeshift toilet. Line the bucket with the garbage bag, put some kitty litter in the bottom and go to the bathroom. When you’re done, cover your waste with some more kitty litter. When the smell gets too bad, tie the bag up and replace it with a fresh one.
Build a shelter in place kit.
A shelter in place (SIP) kit will allow you to seal your SIP room from dangerous radioactive fallout. (This same kit can protect you from the effects of a chemical spill or an attack with chemical or biological weapons.)
The kit should include plastic sheeting or heavy gauge trash bags, duct tape, flashlights, a light source (candles, hand crank lights, etc.), dust masks, rubber gloves, tools needed to turn off utilities.
A pry bar or metal handled survival axe, could be good to have in case you need to move rubble or other debris.
If you already have a bug out bag, then you could always keep it in your SIP room and use that as a base for your shelter in place supplies. Another good place to look is premade survival kits to give you a solid starting point. Read about the best survival kits on the market here.
Other items to consider for your SIP room.
Books, board games, puzzles and other items to keep your mind occupied and off the fact that a nuclear weapon was just used in your area.
Follow these steps to have the best chance to survive a nuclear attack.
Immediately get inside, seal your house and SIP room, and await further instructions.
When you see a nuclear detonation or are notified in some way, do the following in order to ensure you’ve sealed your home and shelter in place room as best as possible.
Close and lock all windows and exterior doors.
Shut down any furnaces, air conditioners, exhaust fans and vents.
Close the fireplace damper.
Gather any pets and head to your designated shelter in place room.
Using the plastic sheeting or heavy trash bags and duct tape, cover all vents, windows, and doors.
Once you’re sealed in your SIP room, you should stay in place until you hear an “all clear” on your radio or you are forced to leave.
Expect additional attacks to follow. They may come in the form of more nuclear attacks or conventional forces, missiles and aircraft.
If the attack was part of the early stages of a nuclear war, then you can expect follow-on forces. If the attack was the act of a rogue state or terror group, then follow on attacks may not be likely.
What Happens During a Nuclear Attack?
youtube
Figuring out how to survive a nuclear attack begins with understanding what happens during the attack.
This scenario assumes the worst case scenario, you’re in a high population city of strategic importance, stuck out in the open and you don’t have anything other than what you’re carrying. Hopefully, if a nuclear attack ever did occur, you’d be in a much better position than that.
In the event of a nuclear war, many more nukes would be detonating in other large cities. This would significantly increase the amount of nuclear fallout experienced across the nation.
Understand how to protect yourself from radiation.
Before we talk about what happens in a nuclear attack, we should probably discuss the factors that keep you safe from radiation. It all comes down to three things, shielding, time and distance.
Shielding is anything that will physically block the radiation from coming in contact with you. Some forms of radiation can be blocked by something as thin as your skin. What we really want to block is the high energy radiation that will penetrate most items. In order to block this type of radiation (x-rays, gamma radiation, etc) we need thick, dense materials. There are things like earth, concrete, lead, and water.
Time simply refers to the length of time that you’re exposed to the radiation. The less exposure the better.
Finally, we have distance. By putting distance between you and the contaminated area, you’re decreasing the amount of radiation that can reach you.
The initial detonation.
If a nuclear weapon was to strike the US without warning, it would be devastating. With the most likely threat being a nuke from North Korea, we’re going to take a look at a scenario using one of their 10 kiloton weapons. That would make it slightly smaller than the nuke dropped on Hiroshima which is their most powerful nuke to date.
Any of us that were within a mile of the blast from one of these weapons, would most likely be dead. The detonation would level most buildings out to .94 miles and anyone unprotected would suffer 3rd-degree burns with a 100% probability. Up to 3 miles out, the windows of buildings will be blown out, sending glass shards flying.
If you happen to be near a window and see the blast, get away from the window right away and try to get under cover. You only have about 10-15 seconds before the blast wave makes it to you and smashes the windows and throws things around.
In this case, the old duck and cover technique would serve you well. Get under a table or a desk, cover your head with your arms and open your mouth. Try not to hold your breath. This prevents the blast wave from popping your lungs.
Before the nuclear fallout touches down.
Surviving a nuclear attack goes beyond just surviving the initial blast, we would still only have 10-15 minutes to get to shelter before the radioactive fallout starts making it to the ground. Fallout is the small particles of radioactive dust and debris that the explosion threw up into the atmosphere.
For those of us that make it to cover before the fallout makes it to the ground, it’s best to try to get into a building with thick concrete walls, underground facilities like a subway or parking garage, or the basement of an apartment building. The fallout is going to land on the rooftop, so the closer to the ground floor you can get the better.
This infographic from FEMA goes more in-depth in its coverage of how buildings can shield you. Numbers represent a dose reduction factor. A dose reduction factor of 10 indicates that a person in that area would receive 1/10th of the dose of a person in the open. A dose reduction factor of 200 indicates that a person in that area would receive 1/200th of the dose of a person out in the open.
After the nuclear fallout begins to land.
Getting stuck outside once the fallout begins to land is going to leave you in a bad spot. You should try to cover your mouth and nose with a cloth or article of clothing. Any contaminated particulates you breathe in are going to get lodged in your lungs and nose, continuously radiating you from the inside out. Get to cover as soon as you can. Once you’re in cover, try to gently brush any dust or other contamination off of you. If you have running water, try to rinse it off of yourself.
It’s hard to figure out how much radiation you may have absorbed by this point. If you begin vomiting from the radiation, that’s a sure sign that you have pretty severe radiation poisoning. Even if you survive, the chances of long-term cancers like leukemia are very high. Prussian blue will decrease the level of radiation in your body if you can find some.
Prussian blue reduces the biological half-life of cesium from 110 days to around 30 days and it reduces the biological half-life of thallium from 8 days to about 3 days. This doesn’t mean that the radiation isn’t going to affect you, but it could give you a chance of making it.
Unfortunately, prussian blue is not readily available and there are not any programs that are currently in place to distribute it out to the public. With the threat of nuclear attack growing the way that it is, maybe the government will look into distribution plans through agencies like FEMA.
Inside your makeshift bunker.
If you’ve made it inside in time, you’re probably in an area with many other people. It may be crowded and people are probably panicking. Chances are they’ve never even considered something like how to survive a nuclear attack.  You will probably have to be one of the people keeping other calm.
Try to spend at least 48 hours indoors if you can. This will give the fallout time to lose a lot of its energy. It’ll still be dangerous, but it’ll be much less dangerous than it was two days earlier.
Conclusion
Have we survived the attack? Well, that really depends.
If we were within a mile of ground zero, then we’re almost definitely dead.
If we were within three miles of ground zero, we’re still most likely dead or dying. This changes if we were within some kind of structure that prevented the radiation from getting to us and protects us from the fallout. We still need to wait out the next 48 hours with little to no supplies but were in better shape than a lot of people.
Anyone lucky enough to be at home, and be prepared is probably doing pretty well. This is how to survive a nuclear attack.
Ultimately, a nuclear attack is survivable as long as you aren’t right in the initial blast area. So be prepared, stay calm and hope for the best!
Be sure to check out our other emergency preparedness articles.
Additional resources:
Environmental Protection Agency
The Centers for Disease Control
NukeMap - NukeMap is an overlay for Google Maps that allows you to place simulated nuclear weapon detonations anywhere on the globe.
How to Survive a Nuclear Attack – What You Need to Know is available on: www.readylifestyle.com
How to Survive a Nuclear Attack – What You Need to Know published first on https://readylifesytle.tumblr.com
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kyacooper · 7 years
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How To Weather The Storm
So you’ve done all of the juggling you can, have narrowly missed shut off date after shut off date, but now somehow it’s all caught up to you. You’re sitting at home in the dark crying your eyes out wondering what you’re going to do. The electric company is telling you that now they not only want the past due, but they also want the current due and a re-connection fee to turn you back on.
You get paid Friday, but it will take a pretty good chunk of your check to pay it, and the shut off notice for the water bill won’t wait until next pay. what should you do? Don’t pay it. Sounds crazy doesn’t it? Seriously, if you want to get out of that vicious cycle you’ve found yourself in…don’t pay either of them.
No, I haven’t gone mad
We have come to a belief that electricity and running water are necessities when they’re not. They are actually luxuries. People all over the world live their everyday lives without either. If you really want to get yourself into a position to get off of this treadmill of financial stress, you’ll have to think much more creatively. You will have to trim down your life to resemble the something like the Amish, or Off-Gridders. It’s not as primitive or so far fetched as some may believe. It can be relatively easy, and very much worth it if properly planned and really given a chance.
Electrical Needs
If you make $21,000/yr and are paid bi-weekly that breaks down to roughly $700/pay. Take that check, and go buy one or two sets of THESE making sure to have enough for each bathroom and bedroom, one for the kitchen, and one for the family room.
If you live in a three bedroom 2 bath home, This will cost you approximately $60 give or take. Add to that ceiling hooks needed to hang them (2 packs for roughly $12)
That brings our running total to approximately $72 which is much less than you would have to pay the electric company to illuminate your house. If you don’t already have one, purchase one of these to round out your electrical needs ($12).
Every morning collect your family’s electronic devices and the rechargeable battery charger, plug them into the outlets, and place it all inside of a duffel bag. take the duffel bag to work with you, open it just enough to pull out the cord for the outlet strip and plug in. If you can’t charge at work, after work stop by your local McDonald’s, Starbucks, etc. sit awhile, get 30min-1hr of peace while you charge up there.
Cooking Needs
For your cooking needs, purchase 2-4 Sterno Folding Stoves ($10) and a pack of Sterno Cooking Fuel. ($20)
Here is a video on how they work
These will be great to use as substitutes to your stove top cooking. You can also purchase a Coleman folding camp oven.($30)
Here is a video of how the camp oven works
Our current running total is roughly $145. Without a running refrigerator, you’ll also need to change the way you shop for food. Unless you want to stop on the way home to pick up your meat for the night EVERY night, you need to make some of these staples in your cupboards.
A simple Google search will lead you to a wealth of various recipes you can use with these meats. Canned vegetables and fruits, boxed or bagged pastas, bagged or boxed rice variations, and canned or boxed milks will help you provide balanced meals. We won’t figure food shopping into our totals, because that is something you have to account for whether you are experiencing severe financial hardship or not. You already have that set into your budget.
Water Needs
You will need:
One 6 gallon Ozark Trail Desert Patrol water jug ($25) marked every 2 gallons of measurement for use with each bathroom. These will be used to flush your toilets throughout the day.
You will use two gallons per flush to get a good flush, and you will do this three times per day. Once in the morning after everyone has gotten up, gotten dressed for work and school, and have used the bathroom. Once after everyone has gotten home from school and work and had a chance to use the bathroom, and once after everyone has gone to bed for the night.
Keep a box of baking soda near the toilet so everyone can sprinkle some into the toilet if they have a bowel movement. (As you build up your supply of water jugs, you’ll be able to flush more often) Also make sure you use a thin toilet tissue like Scotts original so it goes down easy when its time to flush. No quilted TP
Another 6 gallon Ozark Trail Desert Patrol water jug ($25) marked every one gallon for your kitchen. You will use a gallon to wash your dishes at the end of the night, and a gallon to rinse them. The other 4 gallons is to be used for cooking.
A one gallon water jug per room ($16-$20) for mopping and one large spray bottle per room ($8-$10) for wiping down.
Build A Reserve
You’ll need a closet where you can stock your reserves of water. Although you’ll only need a half gallon to a gallon per room for cleaning each day, do you really want to have to refill your bottles daily, or would you rather go once per week? Build your gallon bottle stockpile for cleaning over time, as money allows, until you have at least six for each room of your house.
Likewise, you will want to add five more 6 gallon Ozark Trail Desert Patrol jugs for the bathroom(s) and kitchen. Each time you buy one, it will increase the time you can go between fillings. I’m sure you’re wondering “Where am I filling all of these bottles on my refill day?” The answer is, right here
If you don’t have a relative who doesn’t mind you doing your fill ups at their home, then a self-serve car wash it is ($5-$10). You could also allow empty jugs to sit out side in a bin to catch rain water or fill them up at a nearby river. Just know that once you have accumulated enough jugs to only fill up once per week, you’ll be sitting for quite some time doing your refills, but it will be worth it.
Bathing Needs
Last, and certainly not least in the water department, you need to shower. For that you need……
This is the solar shower ($25) with the best reviews by off grid homesteaders who use these showers as a way of life. There are plenty of camp showers available, but many are only good for a few uses. The Advanced Elements Summer Solar Shower has been claimed to stand up to a year’s worth of daily use, and then some. This shower holds 3 gallons of water, which perfectly holds 2.5 gallon poured from one of your jugs. You’ll use a funnel to pour 1 gallon of room temperature water into the bag, and another heated gallon will be added to the room temperature water already in the bag. This way, you get a nice hot shower at just the right temperature.
So instead of breaking down and being overcome by stress, you’ve just become an off gridder by CHOICE for a total of $265 give or take. If you are making this choice in the winter, grab 2 of these Dura Heat Convection Kerosene Heaters for your heating needs.
Setting up an off grid, utility payment free life (including the two heaters) for a one time fee of $565 give or take is far from crazy. There are more and more people choosing to live off grid in America everyday. There’s entire blogs, social groups, and You Tube videos devoted to this lifestyle. Feel free o check out some of those more in depth resources.
You still have roughly $135 in your pocket left over from this paycheck you used to set up your off grid living. Remember, next paycheck you won’t have to complete this set up again, you only need to maintain it and tweak it at YOUR discretion, as YOU see fit, spending what YOU choose. That means more money to do the things you actually WANT to do.
Just weather the storm, or permanently adopt this way of life
Continue to live off grid for as long as you choose, or at least until you can leisurely pay down and eventually pay off what you owe the utility companies. You can even pay a month or two extra just to give yourself a cushion. Remember, you’re not the only person in the world who is struggling; with proper planning, the right attitude and laser focus you’ll make it through.
When You’re Forced To Start Thinking Outside The Box To Salvage Your Financial Life How To Weather The Storm So you've done all of the juggling you can, have narrowly missed shut off date after shut off date, but now somehow it's all caught up to you.
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electricoutdoors · 6 years
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How to Survive a Nuclear Attack – What You Need to Know
How Can You Survive a Nuclear Attack?
Since nuclear weapons (aka nukes, nuclear bombs, atomic bombs) were first used during WWII, the world has been asking itself how to survive a nuclear attack or nuclear war. Now, with nuclear threats popping up around the world, Google searches for how to survive a nuclear attack are on the rise.
In the past we’ve been protected from the threat of nuclear attack and nuclear war by things like the idea of mutually assured destruction (MAD). This is where countries like the US and (at the time) the Soviet Union would never attack each other because it was understood that if it would end in the complete destruction of both countries.
Which Countries Have Nukes?
Today, the idea of MAD doesn’t keep us safe. The US and Russia still have nukes, but so do 7 other countries. France, China, the UK, Pakistan, India, Israel, and North Korea all have nuclear weapons now.
Only 5 of these countries legally possess nuclear weapons, the US, UK, Russia, China, and France.
Of these countries, Russia and the US still have more nukes than everyone else. It makes sense as the US was the first country with nukes starting in 1945 and Russia was second in 1949. North Korea was the last country to develop nuclear weapons in 2006.
The power of nuclear weapons has increased dramatically since 1945 as you can see in the two examples below.
This is what the blast radius would look like if Little Boy, the first nuke the US dropped on Japan, was dropped on Washington, D.C.
This is what the blast radius would look like if the largest tested Russian nuclear weapon, a 50 megaton device, was dropped on Washington D.C.
Current nuclear weapons have the potential to be about 3,000 times more powerful than the weapons used in WWII.
How Many Nuclear Weapons Does Each Country Have?
These numbers are estimates, but they’re accurate enough to give us a pretty clear picture of who has what. These numbers also give you a good idea of how hard it would be to survive a nuclear attack if it came from one of the large nuclear powers.
Russia has around 7,000 nukes.
The US is close behind with 6,800.
France is in a distant third with 300.
China has 260.
The UK has 215.
Pakistan has 140 and India has 120.
Israel has 80 and North Korea currently has between 8 and 60 depending on who you ask.
Countries in light blue (US, Russia, China, France, and UK) are legal nuclear States.
Countries in red (Pakistan, India, North Korea, Israel) own nuclear weapons.
Countries in dark blue are NATO nuclear weapons sharing states (Belgium, Germany, Netherlands, Italy, Turkey).
Countries in green (Belarus, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, South Africa) are States formerly possessing nuclear weapons.
How to Survive a Nuclear Attack
A lot of what goes into preparing to survive a nuclear attack is the same as prepping for any other disaster.
Have a plan before a nuclear attack is likely.
Everything starts with planning ahead. If you’re already of a preparedness mindset, then you’re most likely well on your way. If you aren’t already getting prepared, it’s never too late! Taking action today could save you and your family in the event of a nuclear attack or even a full-scale nuclear war. After an attack occurs is not the time that you should first be asking how to survive a nuclear attack.
Your plan will mostly revolve around the storage of food, water, medical supplies, etc. These will allow you to spend several days indoors and sealed up away from the radiation outside. Proper pre-planning is how to survive a nuclear attack.
This plan should also include choosing a room in your house to use as a shelter in place room. This room should be the area that provides the most shielding from radiation for you and your family. It should normally be where you store your supplies as well since this will allow you to already have everything in one place in the case of a nuclear attack. Rooms below ground level, with no windows, will work the best.
Choose where you live based on likely targets.
In order to drastically increase the likelihood of surviving a nuclear attack, live away from areas that provide targets of opportunity or strategic value. These areas include strategic missile sites and military bases, government centers like Washington, DC and capitals, transportation hubs and communication centers.
Manufacturing, industrial, technology, and financial centers, as well as refineries, power plants, and chemical plants, are also targets of value.
Store food that will not go bad.
Long term food storage is the backbone of most good preparedness plans. Foods like rice, beans, honey, powdered milk, wheat, sugar, oats and pasta are all great ways to begin storing food.
By buying in bulk, you can get a good head start on your food storage. For instance, a 50 lb bag of rice costs roughly $15-20 and has almost 30,000 calories. A 20 lb bag of pinto beans will cost you about the same and has a little more than 30,000 calories. For $30-40 you can start off with enough food for a family of four for a full week! You could stretch it out even further if you really needed to.
Adding other types of food like dried fruits and vegetables or freeze-dried meats will keep your food from getting boring and provide some added comfort in a time of amazing stress.
Make sure you include food for any pets.
Store water for you and your family.
One gallon of water per day, per person, is a good rule of thumb. Normal tap water will last for a long time, without needing any kind of treatment, as long as it’s kept away from sunlight and stored at room temperature. This prevents algae from growing in the container.
Some people advise rotating water out at least every year. This certainly doesn’t hurt, but it’s not totally necessary. As long as there isn’t anything growing in the water, you’re good to go.
Ensure that your pets have water as well. How much water they need is going to be dependent upon how large they are.
Other water storage tips:
Use food grade containers to store your water.
Commercial water filters or unscented household bleach can be used to disinfect water. Use 8 drops of bleach per gallon of water.
You can improve the taste of water that has been stored for long periods by pouring it back and forth between two containers.
Have a means of communication available.
At a minimum, you’ll want to have a hand crank radio available. If you get one that monitors the NOAA emergency channel, even better! This will let you listen in to emergency broadcasts that will hopefully be providing updates about the attack and other information like how long you should stay undercover, the status of the surrounding area or if someone will be coming to rescue you.
Keep your cell phone with you. I’d suggest turning it off to preserve the battery and turning it on every so often to see if you have a signal. Many hand crank radios also have USB ports to charge things like cell phones. You may even want to keep a spare charger cable with the radio just in case.
Keep enough medical supplies to treat common injuries.
I would suggest having a basic first aid kit at a minimum. This should have basic bandages, antibiotic ointment, rubber gloves, etc. You’re going to want to be able to treat cuts and other minor wounds with this kit.
If you want to be even more prepared, then you’ll need to have items that let you treat injuries that could be common following a nuclear attack. SAM Splints would be great to immobilize any broken bones or serious sprains caused by falling debris from the initial detonation. Lacerations from flying glass and debris can also occur. A few tourniquets, bandages and some quick clot impregnated gauze will give you the ability to treat severe bleeding.
Radiation burns will be common depending on your distance from the initial blast. Minor radiation burns (like a sunburn) can be cleaned and covered with Vaseline to prevent cracking. If they begin to char and blister, cover them with a sterile wrap. More severe burns will need to be treated more carefully. Cut away clothing around the burned area and wash the area with water only. If you’ve stored some burn dressings (you probably should), apply them to the burned area. If you don’t have a burn specific dressing, you can cover it with plastic wrap or anything else that will not stick to the burn.
Have a way to keep yourself clean.
This isn’t going to be the difference between life and death after just a few days, but it will make you more comfortable and make being sealed in a room with your entire family more bearable.
Baby wipes, deodorant, a toothbrush, and toothpaste can help you not only smell better, but also help you feel more normal and comfortable. It can go a long way to aid your mental well being.
You’re going to need to go to the bathroom.
You can either purchase something like a Luggable Loo or build your own.
A 5-gallon bucket, some heavy duty garbage bags, and cat litter make a great makeshift toilet. Line the bucket with the garbage bag, put some kitty litter in the bottom and go to the bathroom. When you’re done, cover your waste with some more kitty litter. When the smell gets too bad, tie the bag up and replace it with a fresh one.
Build a shelter in place kit.
A shelter in place (SIP) kit will allow you to seal your SIP room from dangerous radioactive fallout. (This same kit can protect you from the effects of a chemical spill or an attack with chemical or biological weapons.)
The kit should include plastic sheeting or heavy gauge trash bags, duct tape, flashlights, a light source (candles, hand crank lights, etc.), dust masks, rubber gloves, tools needed to turn off utilities.
A pry bar or metal handled survival axe, could be good to have in case you need to move rubble or other debris.
If you already have a bug out bag, then you could always keep it in your SIP room and use that as a base for your shelter in place supplies. Another good place to look is premade survival kits to give you a solid starting point. Read about the best survival kits on the market here.
Other items to consider for your SIP room.
Books, board games, puzzles and other items to keep your mind occupied and off the fact that a nuclear weapon was just used in your area.
Follow these steps to have the best chance to survive a nuclear attack.
Immediately get inside, seal your house and SIP room, and await further instructions.
When you see a nuclear detonation or are notified in some way, do the following in order to ensure you’ve sealed your home and shelter in place room as best as possible.
Close and lock all windows and exterior doors.
Shut down any furnaces, air conditioners, exhaust fans and vents.
Close the fireplace damper.
Gather any pets and head to your designated shelter in place room.
Using the plastic sheeting or heavy trash bags and duct tape, cover all vents, windows, and doors.
Once you’re sealed in your SIP room, you should stay in place until you hear an “all clear” on your radio or you are forced to leave.
Expect additional attacks to follow. They may come in the form of more nuclear attacks or conventional forces, missiles and aircraft.
If the attack was part of the early stages of a nuclear war, then you can expect follow-on forces. If the attack was the act of a rogue state or terror group, then follow on attacks may not be likely.
What Happens During a Nuclear Attack?
youtube
Figuring out how to survive a nuclear attack begins with understanding what happens during the attack.
This scenario assumes the worst case scenario, you’re in a high population city of strategic importance, stuck out in the open and you don’t have anything other than what you’re carrying. Hopefully, if a nuclear attack ever did occur, you’d be in a much better position than that.
In the event of a nuclear war, many more nukes would be detonating in other large cities. This would significantly increase the amount of nuclear fallout experienced across the nation.
Understand how to protect yourself from radiation.
Before we talk about what happens in a nuclear attack, we should probably discuss the factors that keep you safe from radiation. It all comes down to three things, shielding, time and distance.
Shielding is anything that will physically block the radiation from coming in contact with you. Some forms of radiation can be blocked by something as thin as your skin. What we really want to block is the high energy radiation that will penetrate most items. In order to block this type of radiation (x-rays, gamma radiation, etc) we need thick, dense materials. There are things like earth, concrete, lead, and water.
Time simply refers to the length of time that you’re exposed to the radiation. The less exposure the better.
Finally, we have distance. By putting distance between you and the contaminated area, you’re decreasing the amount of radiation that can reach you.
The initial detonation.
If a nuclear weapon was to strike the US without warning, it would be devastating. With the most likely threat being a nuke from North Korea, we’re going to take a look at a scenario using one of their 10 kiloton weapons. That would make it slightly smaller than the nuke dropped on Hiroshima which is their most powerful nuke to date.
Any of us that were within a mile of the blast from one of these weapons, would most likely be dead. The detonation would level most buildings out to .94 miles and anyone unprotected would suffer 3rd-degree burns with a 100% probability. Up to 3 miles out, the windows of buildings will be blown out, sending glass shards flying.
If you happen to be near a window and see the blast, get away from the window right away and try to get under cover. You only have about 10-15 seconds before the blast wave makes it to you and smashes the windows and throws things around.
In this case, the old duck and cover technique would serve you well. Get under a table or a desk, cover your head with your arms and open your mouth. Try not to hold your breath. This prevents the blast wave from popping your lungs.
Before the nuclear fallout touches down.
Surviving a nuclear attack goes beyond just surviving the initial blast, we would still only have 10-15 minutes to get to shelter before the radioactive fallout starts making it to the ground. Fallout is the small particles of radioactive dust and debris that the explosion threw up into the atmosphere.
For those of us that make it to cover before the fallout makes it to the ground, it’s best to try to get into a building with thick concrete walls, underground facilities like a subway or parking garage, or the basement of an apartment building. The fallout is going to land on the rooftop, so the closer to the ground floor you can get the better.
This infographic from FEMA goes more in-depth in its coverage of how buildings can shield you. Numbers represent a dose reduction factor. A dose reduction factor of 10 indicates that a person in that area would receive 1/10th of the dose of a person in the open. A dose reduction factor of 200 indicates that a person in that area would receive 1/200th of the dose of a person out in the open.
After the nuclear fallout begins to land.
Getting stuck outside once the fallout begins to land is going to leave you in a bad spot. You should try to cover your mouth and nose with a cloth or article of clothing. Any contaminated particulates you breathe in are going to get lodged in your lungs and nose, continuously radiating you from the inside out. Get to cover as soon as you can. Once you’re in cover, try to gently brush any dust or other contamination off of you. If you have running water, try to rinse it off of yourself.
It’s hard to figure out how much radiation you may have absorbed by this point. If you begin vomiting from the radiation, that’s a sure sign that you have pretty severe radiation poisoning. Even if you survive, the chances of long-term cancers like leukemia are very high. Prussian blue will decrease the level of radiation in your body if you can find some.
Prussian blue reduces the biological half-life of cesium from 110 days to around 30 days and it reduces the biological half-life of thallium from 8 days to about 3 days. This doesn’t mean that the radiation isn’t going to affect you, but it could give you a chance of making it.
Unfortunately, prussian blue is not readily available and there are not any programs that are currently in place to distribute it out to the public. With the threat of nuclear attack growing the way that it is, maybe the government will look into distribution plans through agencies like FEMA.
Inside your makeshift bunker.
If you’ve made it inside in time, you’re probably in an area with many other people. It may be crowded and people are probably panicking. Chances are they’ve never even considered something like how to survive a nuclear attack.  You will probably have to be one of the people keeping other calm.
Try to spend at least 48 hours indoors if you can. This will give the fallout time to lose a lot of its energy. It’ll still be dangerous, but it’ll be much less dangerous than it was two days earlier.
Conclusion
Have we survived the attack? Well, that really depends.
If we were within a mile of ground zero, then we’re almost definitely dead.
If we were within three miles of ground zero, we’re still most likely dead or dying. This changes if we were within some kind of structure that prevented the radiation from getting to us and protects us from the fallout. We still need to wait out the next 48 hours with little to no supplies but were in better shape than a lot of people.
Anyone lucky enough to be at home, and be prepared is probably doing pretty well. This is how to survive a nuclear attack.
Ultimately, a nuclear attack is survivable as long as you aren’t right in the initial blast area. So be prepared, stay calm and hope for the best!
Be sure to check out our other emergency preparedness articles.
Additional resources:
Environmental Protection Agency
The Centers for Disease Control
NukeMap - NukeMap is an overlay for Google Maps that allows you to place simulated nuclear weapon detonations anywhere on the globe.
The previous article How to Survive a Nuclear Attack – What You Need to Know is courtesy of: http://readylifestyle.com
How to Survive a Nuclear Attack – What You Need to Know published first on https://readylifesytle.tumblr.com
0 notes
electricoutdoors · 6 years
Text
How to Survive a Nuclear Attack – What You Need to Know
How Can You Survive a Nuclear Attack?
Since nuclear weapons (aka nukes, nuclear bombs, atomic bombs) were first used during WWII, the world has been asking itself how to survive a nuclear attack or nuclear war. Now, with nuclear threats popping up around the world, Google searches for how to survive a nuclear attack are on the rise.
In the past we’ve been protected from the threat of nuclear attack and nuclear war by things like the idea of mutually assured destruction (MAD). This is where countries like the US and (at the time) the Soviet Union would never attack each other because it was understood that if it would end in the complete destruction of both countries.
Which Countries Have Nukes?
Today, the idea of MAD doesn’t keep us safe. The US and Russia still have nukes, but so do 7 other countries. France, China, the UK, Pakistan, India, Israel, and North Korea all have nuclear weapons now.
Only 5 of these countries legally possess nuclear weapons, the US, UK, Russia, China, and France.
Of these countries, Russia and the US still have more nukes than everyone else. It makes sense as the US was the first country with nukes starting in 1945 and Russia was second in 1949. North Korea was the last country to develop nuclear weapons in 2006.
The power of nuclear weapons has increased dramatically since 1945 as you can see in the two examples below.
This is what the blast radius would look like if Little Boy, the first nuke the US dropped on Japan, was dropped on Washington, D.C.
This is what the blast radius would look like if the largest tested Russian nuclear weapon, a 50 megaton device, was dropped on Washington D.C.
Current nuclear weapons have the potential to be about 3,000 times more powerful than the weapons used in WWII.
How Many Nuclear Weapons Does Each Country Have?
These numbers are estimates, but they’re accurate enough to give us a pretty clear picture of who has what. These numbers also give you a good idea of how hard it would be to survive a nuclear attack if it came from one of the large nuclear powers.
Russia has around 7,000 nukes.
The US is close behind with 6,800.
France is in a distant third with 300.
China has 260.
The UK has 215.
Pakistan has 140 and India has 120.
Israel has 80 and North Korea currently has between 8 and 60 depending on who you ask.
Countries in light blue (US, Russia, China, France, and UK) are legal nuclear States.
Countries in red (Pakistan, India, North Korea, Israel) own nuclear weapons.
Countries in dark blue are NATO nuclear weapons sharing states (Belgium, Germany, Netherlands, Italy, Turkey).
Countries in green (Belarus, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, South Africa) are States formerly possessing nuclear weapons.
How to Survive a Nuclear Attack
A lot of what goes into preparing to survive a nuclear attack is the same as prepping for any other disaster.
Have a plan before a nuclear attack is likely.
Everything starts with planning ahead. If you’re already of a preparedness mindset, then you’re most likely well on your way. If you aren’t already getting prepared, it’s never too late! Taking action today could save you and your family in the event of a nuclear attack or even a full-scale nuclear war. After an attack occurs is not the time that you should first be asking how to survive a nuclear attack.
Your plan will mostly revolve around the storage of food, water, medical supplies, etc. These will allow you to spend several days indoors and sealed up away from the radiation outside. Proper pre-planning is how to survive a nuclear attack.
This plan should also include choosing a room in your house to use as a shelter in place room. This room should be the area that provides the most shielding from radiation for you and your family. It should normally be where you store your supplies as well since this will allow you to already have everything in one place in the case of a nuclear attack. Rooms below ground level, with no windows, will work the best.
Choose where you live based on likely targets.
In order to drastically increase the likelihood of surviving a nuclear attack, live away from areas that provide targets of opportunity or strategic value. These areas include strategic missile sites and military bases, government centers like Washington, DC and capitals, transportation hubs and communication centers.
Manufacturing, industrial, technology, and financial centers, as well as refineries, power plants, and chemical plants, are also targets of value.
Store food that will not go bad.
Long term food storage is the backbone of most good preparedness plans. Foods like rice, beans, honey, powdered milk, wheat, sugar, oats and pasta are all great ways to begin storing food.
By buying in bulk, you can get a good head start on your food storage. For instance, a 50 lb bag of rice costs roughly $15-20 and has almost 30,000 calories. A 20 lb bag of pinto beans will cost you about the same and has a little more than 30,000 calories. For $30-40 you can start off with enough food for a family of four for a full week! You could stretch it out even further if you really needed to.
Adding other types of food like dried fruits and vegetables or freeze-dried meats will keep your food from getting boring and provide some added comfort in a time of amazing stress.
Make sure you include food for any pets.
Store water for you and your family.
One gallon of water per day, per person, is a good rule of thumb. Normal tap water will last for a long time, without needing any kind of treatment, as long as it’s kept away from sunlight and stored at room temperature. This prevents algae from growing in the container.
Some people advise rotating water out at least every year. This certainly doesn’t hurt, but it’s not totally necessary. As long as there isn’t anything growing in the water, you’re good to go.
Ensure that your pets have water as well. How much water they need is going to be dependent upon how large they are.
Other water storage tips:
Use food grade containers to store your water.
Commercial water filters or unscented household bleach can be used to disinfect water. Use 8 drops of bleach per gallon of water.
You can improve the taste of water that has been stored for long periods by pouring it back and forth between two containers.
Have a means of communication available.
At a minimum, you’ll want to have a hand crank radio available. If you get one that monitors the NOAA emergency channel, even better! This will let you listen in to emergency broadcasts that will hopefully be providing updates about the attack and other information like how long you should stay undercover, the status of the surrounding area or if someone will be coming to rescue you.
Keep your cell phone with you. I’d suggest turning it off to preserve the battery and turning it on every so often to see if you have a signal. Many hand crank radios also have USB ports to charge things like cell phones. You may even want to keep a spare charger cable with the radio just in case.
Keep enough medical supplies to treat common injuries.
I would suggest having a basic first aid kit at a minimum. This should have basic bandages, antibiotic ointment, rubber gloves, etc. You’re going to want to be able to treat cuts and other minor wounds with this kit.
If you want to be even more prepared, then you’ll need to have items that let you treat injuries that could be common following a nuclear attack. SAM Splints would be great to immobilize any broken bones or serious sprains caused by falling debris from the initial detonation. Lacerations from flying glass and debris can also occur. A few tourniquets, bandages and some quick clot impregnated gauze will give you the ability to treat severe bleeding.
Radiation burns will be common depending on your distance from the initial blast. Minor radiation burns (like a sunburn) can be cleaned and covered with Vaseline to prevent cracking. If they begin to char and blister, cover them with a sterile wrap. More severe burns will need to be treated more carefully. Cut away clothing around the burned area and wash the area with water only. If you’ve stored some burn dressings (you probably should), apply them to the burned area. If you don’t have a burn specific dressing, you can cover it with plastic wrap or anything else that will not stick to the burn.
Have a way to keep yourself clean.
This isn’t going to be the difference between life and death after just a few days, but it will make you more comfortable and make being sealed in a room with your entire family more bearable.
Baby wipes, deodorant, a toothbrush, and toothpaste can help you not only smell better, but also help you feel more normal and comfortable. It can go a long way to aid your mental well being.
You’re going to need to go to the bathroom.
You can either purchase something like a Luggable Loo or build your own.
A 5-gallon bucket, some heavy duty garbage bags, and cat litter make a great makeshift toilet. Line the bucket with the garbage bag, put some kitty litter in the bottom and go to the bathroom. When you’re done, cover your waste with some more kitty litter. When the smell gets too bad, tie the bag up and replace it with a fresh one.
Build a shelter in place kit.
A shelter in place (SIP) kit will allow you to seal your SIP room from dangerous radioactive fallout. (This same kit can protect you from the effects of a chemical spill or an attack with chemical or biological weapons.)
The kit should include plastic sheeting or heavy gauge trash bags, duct tape, flashlights, a light source (candles, hand crank lights, etc.), dust masks, rubber gloves, tools needed to turn off utilities.
A pry bar or metal handled survival axe, could be good to have in case you need to move rubble or other debris.
If you already have a bug out bag, then you could always keep it in your SIP room and use that as a base for your shelter in place supplies. Another good place to look is premade survival kits to give you a solid starting point. Read about the best survival kits on the market here.
Other items to consider for your SIP room.
Books, board games, puzzles and other items to keep your mind occupied and off the fact that a nuclear weapon was just used in your area.
Follow these steps to have the best chance to survive a nuclear attack.
Immediately get inside, seal your house and SIP room, and await further instructions.
When you see a nuclear detonation or are notified in some way, do the following in order to ensure you’ve sealed your home and shelter in place room as best as possible.
Close and lock all windows and exterior doors.
Shut down any furnaces, air conditioners, exhaust fans and vents.
Close the fireplace damper.
Gather any pets and head to your designated shelter in place room.
Using the plastic sheeting or heavy trash bags and duct tape, cover all vents, windows, and doors.
Once you’re sealed in your SIP room, you should stay in place until you hear an “all clear” on your radio or you are forced to leave.
Expect additional attacks to follow. They may come in the form of more nuclear attacks or conventional forces, missiles and aircraft.
If the attack was part of the early stages of a nuclear war, then you can expect follow-on forces. If the attack was the act of a rogue state or terror group, then follow on attacks may not be likely.
What Happens During a Nuclear Attack?
youtube
Figuring out how to survive a nuclear attack begins with understanding what happens during the attack.
This scenario assumes the worst case scenario, you’re in a high population city of strategic importance, stuck out in the open and you don’t have anything other than what you’re carrying. Hopefully, if a nuclear attack ever did occur, you’d be in a much better position than that.
In the event of a nuclear war, many more nukes would be detonating in other large cities. This would significantly increase the amount of nuclear fallout experienced across the nation.
Understand how to protect yourself from radiation.
Before we talk about what happens in a nuclear attack, we should probably discuss the factors that keep you safe from radiation. It all comes down to three things, shielding, time and distance.
Shielding is anything that will physically block the radiation from coming in contact with you. Some forms of radiation can be blocked by something as thin as your skin. What we really want to block is the high energy radiation that will penetrate most items. In order to block this type of radiation (x-rays, gamma radiation, etc) we need thick, dense materials. There are things like earth, concrete, lead, and water.
Time simply refers to the length of time that you’re exposed to the radiation. The less exposure the better.
Finally, we have distance. By putting distance between you and the contaminated area, you’re decreasing the amount of radiation that can reach you.
The initial detonation.
If a nuclear weapon was to strike the US without warning, it would be devastating. With the most likely threat being a nuke from North Korea, we’re going to take a look at a scenario using one of their 10 kiloton weapons. That would make it slightly smaller than the nuke dropped on Hiroshima which is their most powerful nuke to date.
Any of us that were within a mile of the blast from one of these weapons, would most likely be dead. The detonation would level most buildings out to .94 miles and anyone unprotected would suffer 3rd-degree burns with a 100% probability. Up to 3 miles out, the windows of buildings will be blown out, sending glass shards flying.
If you happen to be near a window and see the blast, get away from the window right away and try to get under cover. You only have about 10-15 seconds before the blast wave makes it to you and smashes the windows and throws things around.
In this case, the old duck and cover technique would serve you well. Get under a table or a desk, cover your head with your arms and open your mouth. Try not to hold your breath. This prevents the blast wave from popping your lungs.
Before the nuclear fallout touches down.
Surviving a nuclear attack goes beyond just surviving the initial blast, we would still only have 10-15 minutes to get to shelter before the radioactive fallout starts making it to the ground. Fallout is the small particles of radioactive dust and debris that the explosion threw up into the atmosphere.
For those of us that make it to cover before the fallout makes it to the ground, it’s best to try to get into a building with thick concrete walls, underground facilities like a subway or parking garage, or the basement of an apartment building. The fallout is going to land on the rooftop, so the closer to the ground floor you can get the better.
This infographic from FEMA goes more in-depth in its coverage of how buildings can shield you. Numbers represent a dose reduction factor. A dose reduction factor of 10 indicates that a person in that area would receive 1/10th of the dose of a person in the open. A dose reduction factor of 200 indicates that a person in that area would receive 1/200th of the dose of a person out in the open.
After the nuclear fallout begins to land.
Getting stuck outside once the fallout begins to land is going to leave you in a bad spot. You should try to cover your mouth and nose with a cloth or article of clothing. Any contaminated particulates you breathe in are going to get lodged in your lungs and nose, continuously radiating you from the inside out. Get to cover as soon as you can. Once you’re in cover, try to gently brush any dust or other contamination off of you. If you have running water, try to rinse it off of yourself.
It’s hard to figure out how much radiation you may have absorbed by this point. If you begin vomiting from the radiation, that’s a sure sign that you have pretty severe radiation poisoning. Even if you survive, the chances of long-term cancers like leukemia are very high. Prussian blue will decrease the level of radiation in your body if you can find some.
Prussian blue reduces the biological half-life of cesium from 110 days to around 30 days and it reduces the biological half-life of thallium from 8 days to about 3 days. This doesn’t mean that the radiation isn’t going to affect you, but it could give you a chance of making it.
Unfortunately, prussian blue is not readily available and there are not any programs that are currently in place to distribute it out to the public. With the threat of nuclear attack growing the way that it is, maybe the government will look into distribution plans through agencies like FEMA.
Inside your makeshift bunker.
If you’ve made it inside in time, you’re probably in an area with many other people. It may be crowded and people are probably panicking. Chances are they’ve never even considered something like how to survive a nuclear attack.  You will probably have to be one of the people keeping other calm.
Try to spend at least 48 hours indoors if you can. This will give the fallout time to lose a lot of its energy. It’ll still be dangerous, but it’ll be much less dangerous than it was two days earlier.
Conclusion
Have we survived the attack? Well, that really depends.
If we were within a mile of ground zero, then we’re almost definitely dead.
If we were within three miles of ground zero, we’re still most likely dead or dying. This changes if we were within some kind of structure that prevented the radiation from getting to us and protects us from the fallout. We still need to wait out the next 48 hours with little to no supplies but were in better shape than a lot of people.
Anyone lucky enough to be at home, and be prepared is probably doing pretty well. This is how to survive a nuclear attack.
Ultimately, a nuclear attack is survivable as long as you aren’t right in the initial blast area. So be prepared, stay calm and hope for the best!
Be sure to check out our other emergency preparedness articles.
Additional resources:
Environmental Protection Agency
The Centers for Disease Control
NukeMap - NukeMap is an overlay for Google Maps that allows you to place simulated nuclear weapon detonations anywhere on the globe.
The previous article How to Survive a Nuclear Attack – What You Need to Know was first published on: Ready Lifestyle Blog
How to Survive a Nuclear Attack – What You Need to Know published first on https://readylifesytle.tumblr.com
0 notes
electricoutdoors · 6 years
Text
How to Survive a Nuclear Attack – What You Need to Know
How Can You Survive a Nuclear Attack?
Since nuclear weapons (aka nukes, nuclear bombs, atomic bombs) were first used during WWII, the world has been asking itself how to survive a nuclear attack or nuclear war. Now, with nuclear threats popping up around the world, Google searches for how to survive a nuclear attack are on the rise.
In the past we’ve been protected from the threat of nuclear attack and nuclear war by things like the idea of mutually assured destruction (MAD). This is where countries like the US and (at the time) the Soviet Union would never attack each other because it was understood that if it would end in the complete destruction of both countries.
Which Countries Have Nukes?
Today, the idea of MAD doesn’t keep us safe. The US and Russia still have nukes, but so do 7 other countries. France, China, the UK, Pakistan, India, Israel, and North Korea all have nuclear weapons now.
Only 5 of these countries legally possess nuclear weapons, the US, UK, Russia, China, and France.
Of these countries, Russia and the US still have more nukes than everyone else. It makes sense as the US was the first country with nukes starting in 1945 and Russia was second in 1949. North Korea was the last country to develop nuclear weapons in 2006.
The power of nuclear weapons has increased dramatically since 1945 as you can see in the two examples below.
This is what the blast radius would look like if Little Boy, the first nuke the US dropped on Japan, was dropped on Washington, D.C.
This is what the blast radius would look like if the largest tested Russian nuclear weapon, a 50 megaton device, was dropped on Washington D.C.
Current nuclear weapons have the potential to be about 3,000 times more powerful than the weapons used in WWII.
How Many Nuclear Weapons Does Each Country Have?
These numbers are estimates, but they’re accurate enough to give us a pretty clear picture of who has what. These numbers also give you a good idea of how hard it would be to survive a nuclear attack if it came from one of the large nuclear powers.
Russia has around 7,000 nukes.
The US is close behind with 6,800.
France is in a distant third with 300.
China has 260.
The UK has 215.
Pakistan has 140 and India has 120.
Israel has 80 and North Korea currently has between 8 and 60 depending on who you ask.
Countries in light blue (US, Russia, China, France, and UK) are legal nuclear States.
Countries in red (Pakistan, India, North Korea, Israel) own nuclear weapons.
Countries in dark blue are NATO nuclear weapons sharing states (Belgium, Germany, Netherlands, Italy, Turkey).
Countries in green (Belarus, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, South Africa) are States formerly possessing nuclear weapons.
How to Survive a Nuclear Attack
A lot of what goes into preparing to survive a nuclear attack is the same as prepping for any other disaster.
Have a plan before a nuclear attack is likely.
Everything starts with planning ahead. If you’re already of a preparedness mindset, then you’re most likely well on your way. If you aren’t already getting prepared, it’s never too late! Taking action today could save you and your family in the event of a nuclear attack or even a full-scale nuclear war. After an attack occurs is not the time that you should first be asking how to survive a nuclear attack.
Your plan will mostly revolve around the storage of food, water, medical supplies, etc. These will allow you to spend several days indoors and sealed up away from the radiation outside. Proper pre-planning is how to survive a nuclear attack.
This plan should also include choosing a room in your house to use as a shelter in place room. This room should be the area that provides the most shielding from radiation for you and your family. It should normally be where you store your supplies as well since this will allow you to already have everything in one place in the case of a nuclear attack. Rooms below ground level, with no windows, will work the best.
Choose where you live based on likely targets.
In order to drastically increase the likelihood of surviving a nuclear attack, live away from areas that provide targets of opportunity or strategic value. These areas include strategic missile sites and military bases, government centers like Washington, DC and capitals, transportation hubs and communication centers.
Manufacturing, industrial, technology, and financial centers, as well as refineries, power plants, and chemical plants, are also targets of value.
Store food that will not go bad.
Long term food storage is the backbone of most good preparedness plans. Foods like rice, beans, honey, powdered milk, wheat, sugar, oats and pasta are all great ways to begin storing food.
By buying in bulk, you can get a good head start on your food storage. For instance, a 50 lb bag of rice costs roughly $15-20 and has almost 30,000 calories. A 20 lb bag of pinto beans will cost you about the same and has a little more than 30,000 calories. For $30-40 you can start off with enough food for a family of four for a full week! You could stretch it out even further if you really needed to.
Adding other types of food like dried fruits and vegetables or freeze-dried meats will keep your food from getting boring and provide some added comfort in a time of amazing stress.
Make sure you include food for any pets.
Store water for you and your family.
One gallon of water per day, per person, is a good rule of thumb. Normal tap water will last for a long time, without needing any kind of treatment, as long as it’s kept away from sunlight and stored at room temperature. This prevents algae from growing in the container.
Some people advise rotating water out at least every year. This certainly doesn’t hurt, but it’s not totally necessary. As long as there isn’t anything growing in the water, you’re good to go.
Ensure that your pets have water as well. How much water they need is going to be dependent upon how large they are.
Other water storage tips:
Use food grade containers to store your water.
Commercial water filters or unscented household bleach can be used to disinfect water. Use 8 drops of bleach per gallon of water.
You can improve the taste of water that has been stored for long periods by pouring it back and forth between two containers.
Have a means of communication available.
At a minimum, you’ll want to have a hand crank radio available. If you get one that monitors the NOAA emergency channel, even better! This will let you listen in to emergency broadcasts that will hopefully be providing updates about the attack and other information like how long you should stay undercover, the status of the surrounding area or if someone will be coming to rescue you.
Keep your cell phone with you. I’d suggest turning it off to preserve the battery and turning it on every so often to see if you have a signal. Many hand crank radios also have USB ports to charge things like cell phones. You may even want to keep a spare charger cable with the radio just in case.
Keep enough medical supplies to treat common injuries.
I would suggest having a basic first aid kit at a minimum. This should have basic bandages, antibiotic ointment, rubber gloves, etc. You’re going to want to be able to treat cuts and other minor wounds with this kit.
If you want to be even more prepared, then you’ll need to have items that let you treat injuries that could be common following a nuclear attack. SAM Splints would be great to immobilize any broken bones or serious sprains caused by falling debris from the initial detonation. Lacerations from flying glass and debris can also occur. A few tourniquets, bandages and some quick clot impregnated gauze will give you the ability to treat severe bleeding.
Radiation burns will be common depending on your distance from the initial blast. Minor radiation burns (like a sunburn) can be cleaned and covered with Vaseline to prevent cracking. If they begin to char and blister, cover them with a sterile wrap. More severe burns will need to be treated more carefully. Cut away clothing around the burned area and wash the area with water only. If you’ve stored some burn dressings (you probably should), apply them to the burned area. If you don’t have a burn specific dressing, you can cover it with plastic wrap or anything else that will not stick to the burn.
Have a way to keep yourself clean.
This isn’t going to be the difference between life and death after just a few days, but it will make you more comfortable and make being sealed in a room with your entire family more bearable.
Baby wipes, deodorant, a toothbrush, and toothpaste can help you not only smell better, but also help you feel more normal and comfortable. It can go a long way to aid your mental well being.
You’re going to need to go to the bathroom.
You can either purchase something like a Luggable Loo or build your own.
A 5-gallon bucket, some heavy duty garbage bags, and cat litter make a great makeshift toilet. Line the bucket with the garbage bag, put some kitty litter in the bottom and go to the bathroom. When you’re done, cover your waste with some more kitty litter. When the smell gets too bad, tie the bag up and replace it with a fresh one.
Build a shelter in place kit.
A shelter in place (SIP) kit will allow you to seal your SIP room from dangerous radioactive fallout. (This same kit can protect you from the effects of a chemical spill or an attack with chemical or biological weapons.)
The kit should include plastic sheeting or heavy gauge trash bags, duct tape, flashlights, a light source (candles, hand crank lights, etc.), dust masks, rubber gloves, tools needed to turn off utilities.
A pry bar or metal handled survival axe, could be good to have in case you need to move rubble or other debris.
If you already have a bug out bag, then you could always keep it in your SIP room and use that as a base for your shelter in place supplies. Another good place to look is premade survival kits to give you a solid starting point. Read about the best survival kits on the market here.
Other items to consider for your SIP room.
Books, board games, puzzles and other items to keep your mind occupied and off the fact that a nuclear weapon was just used in your area.
Follow these steps to have the best chance to survive a nuclear attack.
Immediately get inside, seal your house and SIP room, and await further instructions.
When you see a nuclear detonation or are notified in some way, do the following in order to ensure you’ve sealed your home and shelter in place room as best as possible.
Close and lock all windows and exterior doors.
Shut down any furnaces, air conditioners, exhaust fans and vents.
Close the fireplace damper.
Gather any pets and head to your designated shelter in place room.
Using the plastic sheeting or heavy trash bags and duct tape, cover all vents, windows, and doors.
Once you’re sealed in your SIP room, you should stay in place until you hear an “all clear” on your radio or you are forced to leave.
Expect additional attacks to follow. They may come in the form of more nuclear attacks or conventional forces, missiles and aircraft.
If the attack was part of the early stages of a nuclear war, then you can expect follow-on forces. If the attack was the act of a rogue state or terror group, then follow on attacks may not be likely.
What Happens During a Nuclear Attack?
youtube
Figuring out how to survive a nuclear attack begins with understanding what happens during the attack.
This scenario assumes the worst case scenario, you’re in a high population city of strategic importance, stuck out in the open and you don’t have anything other than what you’re carrying. Hopefully, if a nuclear attack ever did occur, you’d be in a much better position than that.
In the event of a nuclear war, many more nukes would be detonating in other large cities. This would significantly increase the amount of nuclear fallout experienced across the nation.
Understand how to protect yourself from radiation.
Before we talk about what happens in a nuclear attack, we should probably discuss the factors that keep you safe from radiation. It all comes down to three things, shielding, time and distance.
Shielding is anything that will physically block the radiation from coming in contact with you. Some forms of radiation can be blocked by something as thin as your skin. What we really want to block is the high energy radiation that will penetrate most items. In order to block this type of radiation (x-rays, gamma radiation, etc) we need thick, dense materials. There are things like earth, concrete, lead, and water.
Time simply refers to the length of time that you’re exposed to the radiation. The less exposure the better.
Finally, we have distance. By putting distance between you and the contaminated area, you’re decreasing the amount of radiation that can reach you.
The initial detonation.
If a nuclear weapon was to strike the US without warning, it would be devastating. With the most likely threat being a nuke from North Korea, we’re going to take a look at a scenario using one of their 10 kiloton weapons. That would make it slightly smaller than the nuke dropped on Hiroshima which is their most powerful nuke to date.
Any of us that were within a mile of the blast from one of these weapons, would most likely be dead. The detonation would level most buildings out to .94 miles and anyone unprotected would suffer 3rd-degree burns with a 100% probability. Up to 3 miles out, the windows of buildings will be blown out, sending glass shards flying.
If you happen to be near a window and see the blast, get away from the window right away and try to get under cover. You only have about 10-15 seconds before the blast wave makes it to you and smashes the windows and throws things around.
In this case, the old duck and cover technique would serve you well. Get under a table or a desk, cover your head with your arms and open your mouth. Try not to hold your breath. This prevents the blast wave from popping your lungs.
Before the nuclear fallout touches down.
Surviving a nuclear attack goes beyond just surviving the initial blast, we would still only have 10-15 minutes to get to shelter before the radioactive fallout starts making it to the ground. Fallout is the small particles of radioactive dust and debris that the explosion threw up into the atmosphere.
For those of us that make it to cover before the fallout makes it to the ground, it’s best to try to get into a building with thick concrete walls, underground facilities like a subway or parking garage, or the basement of an apartment building. The fallout is going to land on the rooftop, so the closer to the ground floor you can get the better.
This infographic from FEMA goes more in-depth in its coverage of how buildings can shield you. Numbers represent a dose reduction factor. A dose reduction factor of 10 indicates that a person in that area would receive 1/10th of the dose of a person in the open. A dose reduction factor of 200 indicates that a person in that area would receive 1/200th of the dose of a person out in the open.
After the nuclear fallout begins to land.
Getting stuck outside once the fallout begins to land is going to leave you in a bad spot. You should try to cover your mouth and nose with a cloth or article of clothing. Any contaminated particulates you breathe in are going to get lodged in your lungs and nose, continuously radiating you from the inside out. Get to cover as soon as you can. Once you’re in cover, try to gently brush any dust or other contamination off of you. If you have running water, try to rinse it off of yourself.
It’s hard to figure out how much radiation you may have absorbed by this point. If you begin vomiting from the radiation, that’s a sure sign that you have pretty severe radiation poisoning. Even if you survive, the chances of long-term cancers like leukemia are very high. Prussian blue will decrease the level of radiation in your body if you can find some.
Prussian blue reduces the biological half-life of cesium from 110 days to around 30 days and it reduces the biological half-life of thallium from 8 days to about 3 days. This doesn’t mean that the radiation isn’t going to affect you, but it could give you a chance of making it.
Unfortunately, prussian blue is not readily available and there are not any programs that are currently in place to distribute it out to the public. With the threat of nuclear attack growing the way that it is, maybe the government will look into distribution plans through agencies like FEMA.
Inside your makeshift bunker.
If you’ve made it inside in time, you’re probably in an area with many other people. It may be crowded and people are probably panicking. Chances are they’ve never even considered something like how to survive a nuclear attack.  You will probably have to be one of the people keeping other calm.
Try to spend at least 48 hours indoors if you can. This will give the fallout time to lose a lot of its energy. It’ll still be dangerous, but it’ll be much less dangerous than it was two days earlier.
Conclusion
Have we survived the attack? Well, that really depends.
If we were within a mile of ground zero, then we’re almost definitely dead.
If we were within three miles of ground zero, we’re still most likely dead or dying. This changes if we were within some kind of structure that prevented the radiation from getting to us and protects us from the fallout. We still need to wait out the next 48 hours with little to no supplies but were in better shape than a lot of people.
Anyone lucky enough to be at home, and be prepared is probably doing pretty well. This is how to survive a nuclear attack.
Ultimately, a nuclear attack is survivable as long as you aren’t right in the initial blast area. So be prepared, stay calm and hope for the best!
Be sure to check out our other emergency preparedness articles.
Additional resources:
Environmental Protection Agency
The Centers for Disease Control
NukeMap - NukeMap is an overlay for Google Maps that allows you to place simulated nuclear weapon detonations anywhere on the globe.
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