#liquid nitrogen dewar

[qianjunwang]

Factors to Consider When Choosing Dewars and Cryogenic Vessels

When selecting Dewars and cryogenic vessels for your business needs, it's important to consider several factors to ensure that you choose the right equipment. Here are some key factors to keep in mind:

Purpose and Application: Determine the specific purpose and application of the vessels you need. Consider the type of materials you will be storing or transporting, their temperature requirements, and any specific handling or safety considerations.

Capacity and Size: Assess your storage or transportation needs in terms of capacity and size. Consider the volume of materials you need to store or transport and choose vessels that can accommodate your requirements. Keep in mind that larger vessels may offer more storage capacity but may also be more challenging to handle and transport.

Material and Construction: Pay attention to the material and construction of the Dewars and cryogenic vessels. Stainless steel and aluminum are commonly used materials as they offer durability and resistance to low temperatures. Glass vessels may be suitable for certain applications but can be more fragile. Choose vessels that are designed to withstand the temperatures and conditions specific to your application.

Insulation: Consider the insulation capabilities of the vessels. Effective insulation is crucial for maintaining the low temperatures required for cryogenic storage. Look for vessels with high-quality insulation materials and designs that minimize heat transfer and provide efficient temperature control.

Safety Features: Ensure that the vessels you choose have appropriate safety features. This may include pressure relief valves, emergency venting systems, and secure closures to prevent leaks or spills. Safety should be a top priority when dealing with cryogenic materials.

Supplier Reputation and Support: Research and choose reputable suppliers or manufacturers with experience in producing high-quality Dewars and cryogenic vessels. Consider factors such as product warranties, technical support, and after-sales service. A reliable supplier will be able to provide guidance and assistance throughout the lifespan of the equipment.

Compliance with Regulations: Verify that the Dewars and cryogenic vessels you choose comply with relevant regulations and standards in your industry. This ensures that the equipment meets safety and performance requirements and can be used legally and responsibly.

Conclusion

Choosing the right Dewars and cryogenic vessels is essential for businesses that require storage or transportation of materials at extremely low temperatures. By considering factors such as purpose, capacity, materials, insulation, safety features, supplier reputation, and compliance with regulations, you can make an informed decision that suits your business needs.

It's recommended to consult with industry experts or suppliers who specialize in cryogenic equipment to get personalized recommendations based on your specific requirements. They can provide valuable insights and guidance to help you choose the most suitable Dewars and cryogenic vessels for your business.

[china-cryogenic-tanks]

liquid argon dewar

The Dewar tank is a vacuum flask designed for the storage and transportation of liquid gases like argon, nitrogen, oxygen, and helium. These tanks find widespread use in scientific research, medical facilities, and industrial settings for the cryogenic storage and transportation of these gases. They are also utilized in laboratories for the preservation of biological samples and cell cultures.

Head pressure refers to the gradual buildup of air within a container, which is periodically released through its pressure relief valve. This release typically occurs via vaporization, with rates varying between 0.4% and 3% of the container's volume per day. This process is a normal and essential function of the tank, ensuring its safe operation.

DSW offers a range of cryogenic containers, including Nitrogen Cryogenic Dewars and Cryogenic Liquid Cylinders, designed to securely store liquefied gases such as nitrogen, oxygen, argon, and carbon dioxide. These gases are maintained at extremely low temperatures, existing in a liquid state within the containers.

[inoxcva]

Dewars Decoded! From the science behind them to their indispensable nature to many industries. Explore the vast world of liquid nitrogen dewars.

[williamjone]

Cryogenic Storage Tanks manufacturer

DSW mainly manufactures cryogenic Transport trailers with various pump and drive options, and the cryogenic semi-trailer is ASTM certified or other international standards. They are most commonly used to transport Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Argon and are built for maximum payload, safety, economy, and longevity. WHY DSW? DSW INTERNATIONAL has been listed by the General Administration of Customs of China beginning in 2019 to provide accurate "China data" for their National Export Indicator Survey.

[cetaceous]

The Patient Care Bay Alcor Life Extension Foundation, Scottsdale, Arizona Photograph by Alastair Philip Wiper over 200 patients are cryopreserved in vacuum-insulated metal dewars at -196 C. using liquid nitrogen. image credit: Alastair Philip Wiper, Copenhagen

[usafphantom2]

WHY DID THE SR-71 REFUEL AFTER TAKE OFF?

Shortly after takeoff, the SR 71 rendezvous with a specially modified KC-135Q tanker at 25,000ft and top up the jet’s tanks with specially developed JP-7 fuel. This purged the tanks of air, and as the fuel was burned the resulting void was filled with gaseous nitrogen (LN2) to prevent inadvertent fuel vapor ignition from the hot, wet tanks. This is the reason why there was a refueling so shortly after takeoff, it was not because of the leaking of the fuel. ( it did leak, but not that much) it was to prevent combustion of the fuel. A yo-yo flight was possible, but it was very difficult to purge all of the nitrogen out of the air, but they could do it.. To purge the air out of the SR 71 was imperative to its safety.

Here is a quote from SR 71 pilot Rich Graham he explains it best. The JP-7 fuel reaches temperatures well over 300 degrees F. during Mach 3 cruise. , making the fumes in each of the six fuel tanks very volatile and potentially explosive. The metal skin of the aircraft approaches 400 degrees F., adding to the volatility of the fuel inside the tanks. One of our aircraft limitations was a maximum speed of Mach 2.6 without an inert atmosphere inside the fuel tanks.

“The aircraft had three liquid nitrogen Dewar flasks containing 260 liters of liquid nitrogen, located in the nose wheel well. The only way to ensure 100 percent inert atmosphere in each fuel tank was to refuel the plane inflight completely full of JP-7, allowing ambient air in each fuel tank to vent overboard. Once full of fuel, gaseous nitrogen would now dominate each fuel tank’s empty space above as it burned off JP-7. The nitrogen gas pressurized each fuel tank to 1.5 psi above ambient pressure and inerts the space above the heated fuel to prevent autogenous ignition. This is why we refueled after takeoff."

"Then we could safely accelerate beyond Mach 2.6.” “There was one other way of achieving tank inerting, called a Yo-Yo. but this was a maintenance nightmare. A few of our missions required the SR-71 to accelerate to Mach 3+ right after takeoff with a 65,000-pound fuel load. The Yo-Yo procedure had the crew chief completely refuel the plane to full tanks of 80,000 pounds of fuel. Then, with the nitrogen pressurization system working, they de-fueled 15,000 pounds of JP-7, ending up with a 65,000 pound fuel load and a plane that was capable of going immediately to Mach 3+.”

~Linda Sheffield

@Habubrats71 via X

[chilope]

I posted 4,979 times in 2022

That's 2,463 more posts than 2021!

555 posts created (11%)

4,424 posts reblogged (89%)

Blogs I reblogged the most:

@triviallytrue

@sapphicdisclosures

@dingdongyouarewrong

@heat--end

@existentialvibeology

I tagged 1,400 of my posts in 2022

#yeah - 24 posts

#me - 22 posts

#neyenz - 13 posts

#:( - 11 posts

#:) - 10 posts

#sigh - 9 posts

#literally - 7 posts

#lol. lmao. - 6 posts

#god - 6 posts

#hmm - 5 posts

Longest Tag: 140 characters

#'no i can kiss girls because im so comfortable with my heterosexuality! thats why i joke about being in love with women! im just so straight

My Top Posts in 2022:

#5

when i first started following yorick i thought "its a little uncomfortable to insist that a man who identifies as straight is actually gay just because hes on tumblr" but i get it now

42 notes - Posted August 30, 2022

#4

yo whats yudkowskys deal tho

86 notes - Posted April 15, 2022

#3

she e on my e til i cummings

109 notes - Posted June 29, 2022

#2

a series of events

my experiment relies on the use of liquid nitrogen

we ran out of liquid nitrogen last week

we were supposed to get more delivered this morning

one of the delivery trucks left with all of the specialized tank dollies and would not be able to return until the end of the day

our delivery gets delayed until tomorrow

in order to not waste an entire day we decide to borrow some from an affiliated lab

on the way there it starts raining

we aquire the liquid nitrogen, stored in our small transport dewar

transport dewar is not pressurized, meaning the nitrogen gases off as it sits

nitrogen has no smell and is lethal if too much is inhaled so we store it in the trunk

we make it 95% of the way back to the lab before taking a turn a little too hard, causing the dewar to tip over and begin draining hard enough that we can hear it in the cabin

beloved coworker pulls over immediately so i can jump out and put it upright before we lose all of it or the trunk of her car freezes

she happened to have accidentally pulled into the entrance to the fire station

i jump out at max speed to minimize chances of getting hit by a fire truck

we are parked inside of a 2 inch deep puddle

i am wearing toms

i open the trunk

it is filled with nitrogen gas and extremely cold

the dewar fell onto the handle, meaning i had to grab the tank in order to right it

it is so cold i burn myself

we make it back to the lab without further incident

my shoes are soaking wet, but my boss always has 18 pairs of rubber sandals in his office so i figure ill just put on his sandals and put my shoes in the oven to dry

he took all of his sandals home on friday for some fucking reason

fuck it, ill just go barefoot and sit in the break room

put my shoes in the oven

wait 30 minutes

retrieve shoes

they are still soaking wet and now the oven smells like feet

154 notes - Posted August 1, 2022

My #1 post of 2022

she was a boy, he was a girl, can i make it any more obvious?

214 notes - Posted August 22, 2022

Get your Tumblr 2022 Year in Review →

[chaotic-neutral-knitter]

Sooo cool that my university doesn’t give us transit passes bc “we have a shuttle system!” Except the shuttle system doesn’t run on weekends or holidays but it’s not well publicized when the holidays are, so I try to go into work on a Friday without realizing it’s Veterans Day and have to spend $20 on a Lyft.

I would just not go but we’re on strike next week and idk how long it’ll last so I need to top up the liquid nitrogen dewar that my cryo samples are stored in so they don’t thaw during the strike 😭 Also want to water my plants.

[baihuidiwen]

Welded insulated liquid dewar cylinder

Dewar cylinders are ultra-vacuum insulated stainless steel pressure vessels designed for storage, transportation and use of liquid oxygen, liquid nitrogen, liquid argon or carbon dioxide. The DPL series containers are vacuum insulated, stainless steel containers designed to store and transport cryogenic liquid oxygen, nitrogen or argon. Containers may be used for over the road transportation of cryogenic fluids, as well as on-site storage and supply in a wide range of applications.

As rugged, long holding time, self-contained gas supply systems, these cylinders are capable of providing contonuous flow rates of up to 350cfh（9.2 cu.m/h）with a delivery pressure of approxomately 100psig (6.9bar/690 kpa)

The DPL Series containers are very rugged liquid cylinders. All cryogenic liquid cylinderd have an inner container and an outer container with an insulated vacuum space between them. Any abuse(dents, dropping, tip-over,etc) can affect the integrity of containers insulation system.

Company Name:Huzhou Baihui Cryogenic Equipment Co., Ltd Web:https://www.brightwaycryogenic.com/products/dewar-cylinder/welded-insulated-liquid-dewar-cylinder.html ADD:Building A38, China Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection Industrial Park, No. 1506, Yishan Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China Phone:86-18257285710 Email:sales01@brightwaycryogenic.com

[adchemgas]

Nitrogen for Sale: Unlocking the Power of Versatile Gas Solutions

In the realm of industrial gases, nitrogen stands out as one of the most essential and versatile elements. With its myriad applications across various industries, the demand for high-quality nitrogen is ever-present. For businesses and researchers alike, finding reliable sources for nitrogen for sale can be a game-changer, enabling them to harness the full potential of this indispensable gas.

Understanding Nitrogen and Its Applications

Nitrogen, a colorless, odorless, and inert gas, constitutes approximately 78% of the Earth's atmosphere. Its inert nature makes it highly valuable in a range of applications. In the industrial sector, nitrogen is primarily used as a protective gas in processes that require an oxygen-free environment. This includes the manufacturing of electronic components, where nitrogen helps prevent oxidation and ensures the longevity and reliability of sensitive electronics.

In the food and beverage industry, nitrogen plays a crucial role in preserving freshness. It is used in packaging to displace oxygen, thereby extending the shelf life of perishable items. The pharmaceutical industry also benefits from nitrogen's properties, utilizing it for cryopreservation of biological samples and in various production processes that require a controlled environment.

Additionally, nitrogen is employed in laboratories for a variety of purposes, including cooling, flushing, and as a carrier gas in analytical instruments. Its role in creating a safe, controlled atmosphere makes it indispensable for numerous scientific and industrial applications.

Choosing the Right Nitrogen Supplier

When sourcing nitrogen for sale, quality and reliability are paramount. A reputable supplier should offer high-purity nitrogen that meets industry standards. For applications requiring ultra-high purity, such as semiconductor manufacturing or specialized research, ensuring that the nitrogen meets these rigorous specifications is crucial.

Suppliers often provide nitrogen in different forms: as a gas, liquid, or in high-pressure cylinders. Liquid nitrogen is particularly useful for applications requiring extremely low temperatures, such as cryogenic preservation. On the other hand, compressed nitrogen gas is more suited for processes that involve a steady supply of nitrogen at ambient temperatures.

Factors to Consider When Buying Nitrogen

Purity Levels: Depending on your application, you may need nitrogen of varying purity levels. Ensure that the supplier can provide nitrogen that meets the specific purity requirements for your needs.

Delivery Options: Consider the delivery options offered by the supplier. Reliable delivery services are essential to ensure that your operations remain uninterrupted. Some suppliers offer bulk delivery services, while others provide smaller quantities in cylinders or dewars.

Storage Solutions: Proper storage of nitrogen is essential for maintaining its quality. If you are purchasing liquid nitrogen, you will need appropriate storage tanks. For gas, ensure that you have the necessary infrastructure to handle high-pressure cylinders safely.

Cost and Availability: While cost is a significant factor, it should be weighed against the quality and reliability of the supply. Establishing a long-term relationship with a trustworthy supplier can often lead to better pricing and service.

Conclusion

In conclusion, nitrogen is a vital gas with a wide range of applications across various industries. Finding a reliable source for nitrogen for sale can significantly impact the efficiency and effectiveness of your operations. By considering factors such as purity, delivery options, and cost, you can ensure that you are getting the best possible value for your investment. Whether you are in manufacturing, research, or any other field that relies on nitrogen, choosing the right supplier will enable you to leverage the full potential of this versatile gas and achieve your operational goals with confidence. For more details visit our website: www.adchemgas.com

[qianjunwang]

[secretofresearch]

Cryosleep: Unraveling the Mysteries of Ageing Is Anti-Aging Technology a Reality or a Fantasy

Cryosleep, also known as cryogenic suspension, is a process where a person is cooled to very low temperatures until it is possible to resuscitate them in the future. The core body temperature is lowered to just above the freezing point of water to put metabolic activities including brain function on near-halt until tissues can be repaired. Though sometimes portrayed as a means to survive death in popular science fiction, Cryosleep remains an experimental medical procedure with many technological and biological hurdles yet to be overcome.

The Freezing Process

When a person is cooled for Cryosleep, the first step is to drain their blood and replace it with an organ preservation solution. This prevents damaging ice crystals from forming during the freezing process. The body is then cooled at a very slow and carefully controlled rate of around 1°C per minute to avoid lethal tissue damage. Modern cryonics facilities can lower temperatures down to -196°C using liquid nitrogen for long-term storage. At such low temperatures, all biological activity and decay essentially ceases. However, successfully bringing the person back to normal health remains extremely difficult with current science.

Challenges of Cryopreservation

One of the biggest challenges to Cryosleep is preservation of the brain. Ice crystals that form during freezing can pierce cell membranes and rupture tissue. Slow freezing helps minimize this effect but does not eliminate it completely. Rewarming thawed tissue also poses risks, as damage may not become apparent until cells try to function again. There is also no certainty that technologies will exist in the future to repair all the microscopic injuries from cryopreservation. The longer a person remains frozen, the greater the cellular degradation from both the initial freezing and long-term storage at very cold temperatures.

Another issue is whether a cryopreserved brain could even be brought back to a functioning, conscious state. Freezing may irreversibly alter connectivity between neurons and synapses. Under optimal conditions, cryobiologists estimate less than 10% of a frozen brain's connections could withstand preservation and rewarming. It is unknown if this level of cellular disruption would permit restoration of a person's mental faculties and identity. Cryonics advocates counter that as nanotechnology and regenerative medicine advances, repair may become feasible. However, most researchers remain highly skeptical.

The Prospect of Future Resuscitation

Even if all physical damage from freezing could eventually be repaired, reviving someone after years in Cryosleep still poses enormous ethical challenges. Would they truly be the same person given the vast changes in technology, society, and relationships that will have occurred? There are also no guarantees that future medicine could cure whatever condition originally led to their cryopreservation. They would essentially be transferring from one illness to another.

Legally, Cryosleep clients often sign contracts agreeing to assume all risks and costs of future resuscitation attempts. However, it is impossible to foresee how societal views may evolve or what financial burdens might exist centuries from now. There are no laws governing if or how long the "custodial" duties of a cryonics firm could be enforced over potentially indefinite time periods. The possibility of reviving someone could be viewed quite differently in a distant future that has progressed far beyond today's level of medicine and technology.

Current Cryosleep Efforts

Though still quite experimental, some organizations are actively pursuing research and limited trials of Cryosleep procedures on animals and cadavers. Alcor and the Cryonics Institute in the United States currently store around 200 human patients cooled to cryogenic temperatures in insulated metal dewars of liquid nitrogen. The patients' heads are often separated from their bodies to optimize the freezing process. Russian biostasis company KrioRus also offers cryopreservation but has fewer long-term clients stored.

Results from experiments on smaller animals provide some grounds for cautious optimism. Frogs and even rats have survived weeks of cryopreservation and showed limited signs of recovery after thawing. Primates have withstood five hours of deep hypothermia with their brains mostly intact. However, successful resuscitation from full Cryosleep at depths required for long-term storage remains unproven even in simple organisms like worms. Considerable technological strides will clearly be needed before researchers can seriously contemplate reviving cryopreserved humans.

Is Cryosleep Really Possible?

While the possibility of long-term biostasis through Cryosleep is alluring as a potential solution to aging and mortality, most biomedical engineers and biogerontologists remain highly skeptical it can ever truly revive a normal, conscious human being. The technical obstacles around freezing, long-term storage at extreme cold, and restoration of healthy cellular and brain function may prove insurmountable given what is presently known about cryobiology and the limits of medicine. Cryonics advocates counter they only need basic repair capabilities become available centuries from now. However, others argue if such advanced healing was achievable, aging itself could probably be cured or reversed through other methods.

Cryosleep must be considered an experimental extremity, not a proven way to survive into an indefinite future. Whether freezing humans might ever transition from science fiction to reality depends heavily on breakthroughs yet to emerge fromcryobiology and regenerative medical research. While a few are willing to bet on that chance through cryonics arrangements today, the ultimate fate of cryopreserved patients is unknowable. Cryosleep’s transformation from speculation to reality remains limited more by what science can deliver than what imagination can envision. Only continued scientific progress will determine if it is truly possible to suspend life indefinitely in a state of ice-preserved animation.

Get more insights on Cryosleep

About Author:

Vaagisha brings over three years of expertise as a content editor in the market research domain. Originally a creative writer, she discovered her passion for editing, combining her flair for writing with a meticulous eye for detail. Her ability to craft and refine compelling content makes her an invaluable asset in delivering polished and engaging write-ups.

(LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/vaagisha-singh-8080b91)

[inoxcva]

Dewar flasks, named after their inventor Sir James Dewar, are among the most common liquid nitrogen containers used in laboratories and research facilities. These double-walled vacuum-insulated vessels are designed to minimize heat transfer, enabling them to maintain cryogenic temperatures for extended periods. Dewar flasks come in various sizes and configurations, ranging from small, portable units to larger stationary models.

[hygeamedtech]

AI Epic™ Cryosurgical System

Integrates the advantages of cryoablation and hyperthermia ablation

for enhancing the minimally invasive cancer treatment outcomes of multiple solid tumors.

AI Epic™ S40 Cryoablation System

Efficient

Wide temperature range from -196℃ to 80℃ with fast freezing and heating rate for a powerful and complete tumor destruction;

Stimulated immune response strengthens the therapeutic effect.

Precise

Visible and controllable ablation zone with the guidance of CT or ultrasound for accurate eradication of tumors.

Affordable

Liquid nitrogen and ethanol as working medium greatly reduce the cost of each treatment.

Compact

All-in-one design with built-in dewars, no extra gas cylinders and conveying tube required.

User Friendly

Touch screen, electric power assist, customisable program workflow and a series of designs enables the convenience of operation.

Elite™ Disposable Ablation Probe

Superior Performance

Ultra-low temperature ensures a fast cooling rate and creates large lethal zones.

High Temperature

Hyperthermia ablation efficiently stops probe tract bleeding and prevents tumor implantation metastasis.

Available

14 specifications of probe varied by different diameters, length and treatment zones to satisfy various clinical needs.

Simple

Plugin design and easy to use.

[usafphantom2]

WHY DID THE SR-71 REFUEL AFTER TAKE OFF?

Shortly after takeoff, the SR 71 rendezvous with a specially modified KC-135Q tanker at 25,000ft and top up the jet’s tanks with specially developed JP-7 fuel. This purged the tanks of air, and as the fuel was burned the resulting void was filled with gaseous nitrogen (LN2) to prevent inadvertent fuel vapor ignition from the hot, wet tanks. This is the reason why there was a refueling so shortly after takeoff, it was not because of the leaking of the fuel. ( it did leak, but not that much) it was to prevent combustion of the fuel. A yo-yo flight was possible, but it was very difficult to purge all of the nitrogen out of the air, but they could do it.. To purge the air out of the SR 71 was imperative to its safety.

Here is a quote from SR 71 pilot Rich Graham he explains it best. The JP-7 fuel reaches temperatures well over 300 degrees F. during Mach 3 cruise. , making the fumes in each of the six fuel tanks very volatile and potentially explosive. The metal skin of the aircraft approaches 400 degrees F., adding to the volatility of the fuel inside the tanks. One of our aircraft limitations was a maximum speed of Mach 2.6 without an inert atmosphere inside the fuel tanks.

“The aircraft had three liquid nitrogen Dewar flasks containing 260 liters of liquid nitrogen, located in the nose wheel well. The only way to ensure 100 percent inert atmosphere in each fuel tank was to refuel the plane inflight completely full of JP-7, allowing ambient air in each fuel tank to vent overboard. Once full of fuel, gaseous nitrogen would now dominate each fuel tank’s empty space above as it burned off JP-7. The nitrogen gas pressurized each fuel tank to 1.5 psi above ambient pressure and inerts the space above the heated fuel to prevent autogenous ignition. This is why we refueled after takeoff."

"Then we could safely accelerate beyond Mach 2.6.” “There was one other way of achieving tank inerting, called a Yo-Yo. but this was a maintenance nightmare. A few of our missions required the SR-71 to accelerate to Mach 3+ right after takeoff with a 65,000-pound fuel load. The Yo-Yo procedure had the crew chief completely refuel the plane to full tanks of 80,000 pounds of fuel. Then, with the nitrogen pressurization system working, they de-fueled 15,000 pounds of JP-7, ending up with a 65,000 pound fuel load and a plane that was capable of going immediately to Mach 3+.”

~Linda Sheffield

@HABUBRATS71 via X

[pattonsmedical-blog]

OVERVIEW OF MEDICAL GAS MANIFOLDS

WHAT IS A MEDICAL GAS MANIFOLD?

Unlike Medical Air Compressors and Vacuum Pumps that generate gas on-site, many gases used in healthcare settings are delivered to the facility in different types of containers and use manifolds to distribute into the rooms. Gases that can be delivered:

Oxygen – delivery pressure of 50psi

Nitrous Oxide – delivery pressure of 50psi

Medical Air – delivery pressure of 50psi

Carbon Dioxide – delivery pressure of 50-100psi

HeliOX blends – delivery pressure of 50psi

Nitrogen – delivery pressure of 180psi

Instrument Air – delivery pressure of 180psi

The 2021 edition of the NFPA99 has the most recent developments in medical equipment and processes as well as new methods to reduce fire, explosion, and electrical hazards.

WHAT CONTAINERS ARE USED WITH MANIFOLDS?

Bulk tanks and micro-bulk tanks are gas containers that get refilled on-site. These are used for large applications and require additional equipment. Sometimes, these are collectively called a tank farm and the pad – which allows access for a truck with cryogenic gas to pull in and fill the tanks. Liquid Dewars and high-pressure cylinders are the types of gas containers that are delivered and replaced when empty. For example, there is an “H-type” high pressure cylinder, which is primarily hooked up to a high-pressure manifold in the healthcare setting. These are very common for ambulatory surgery centers and small outpatient facilities, most of the gases listed above outside of oxygen, still use this type.

Micro-Bulk Tank

Bulk Tank

HIGH PRESSURE AND LIQUID MEDICAL GAS MANIFOLD INSTALLATION

Discussing high pressure and liquid medical gas manifolds located indoors, the number one aspect is that it has to be a separate secured room with one hour fire rating used for no other purpose. Your manifold room can only have the manifolds and the container that is being replaced. You can store and keep connected what you’re actually using.

For example, if you have Dewars, you are only able to store Dewars, and then your high-pressure cylinders (H tanks) can go in there. Sometimes people put the vacuum pump and the oxygen manifold in the same room – that is not allowed and very expensive change order. Remember, your manifolds must be in a room all by themselves and be properly labeled.

Although this blog discusses the most common practices, Pattons Medical advises you to always work with your local municipality and local verifier to ensure that your design complies with your interpretation of whichever code they’re working on. Additionally, please note that any electrical devices in this room must be situated above five feet, and relief valves must be installed with copper piping that extends outside the room. The discharge should be turned down and screened for safety. Another important consideration is having a source valve located near the manifold.

When it comes to the insulation of the room, there are several other factors to take into account. Firstly, the temperature inside the room should not exceed 125 degrees. Additionally, ventilation must be carefully planned and implemented to ensure optimal conditions. You are able to naturally ventilate the room if your total gas falls below 3000 cubic feet. You can access gas volume charts on the Pattons Medical website.

Reference NFPA 99 5.1.3.3.2 (1-9) for design and construction details for locations of central supply systems and storage of positive pressure gases.

Indoor rooms can be heated by indirect means using steam or hot water if needed. The common rule of thumb for your liquid containers, your Dewars, is depending on the gas, it could be between 12 and 16 H cylinders. You will know where you are in that 3000 cubic feet threshold by the math and whether you want to do the mechanical versus the natural.

Liquid Dewars

High Pressure Cylinders

HOW DO MEDICAL GAS MANIFOLDS WORK?

With medical gas manifolds, you will have two banks; the primary and the secondary, and they are required to be equal. In regards to space, the primary bank is the one currently supplying the gas, and then the secondary bank will be ready when the primary is depleted. The manifold is required to be fully automatic. Referring to the NFPA applications, the switchover must occur within the manifold, semi-automatic.

Discussing the manifold and the header bars, the header bars will need to be equipped with high-pressure shutoff valves outside the cabinet to allow for emergency isolation. You also will need to have integral check valves for each station. The header bar is going to be CGA gas specific. This means your H cylinder (your Dewar), has a certain threaded connection – similar to the header bar. The goal is to prevent a nitrogen, H cylinder from being hooked up to an oxygen manifold. With the CGA fittings, the manifold is equipped with pressure transduced – which will send information to the main circuit board for a remote signal. This is how it will talk to your master alarms. Since you will need to place this outdoors, the NEMA four gives you some weatherproofing. You will need to make it a NEMA four cabinet if you are going to do it outside. Pattons Medical recommends putting a cover or shelter over it.

WHAT’S INSIDE A HP MANIFOLD?

The manifold is going to come equipped with a three-quarter inch shutoff valve, which makes up a manifold for high pressure. At the bottom of the diagram, is the pressure transducers that are telling you what pressure is happening in each side, your left and right bank, and your primary and secondary. Then, we go into the left and right bank dome regulators. The important part about using the dome biased regulators is that it’s what holds the pressure to allow the whole thing to work off pressure differential.

Above those, are the first line regulators. Then, the bank gauges at the top tell you what's going on in these headers. After that, there’s the pilot regulator, which is feeding pressure into the dome bias, so your dome bias regulator is about 25 – 30 PSI higher than the one that it’s currently feeding.

When a facility gets gas delivered to their site, they are paying for gas at a certain purity, when the gas gets delivered on site, there is no way to make it pure. Manifolds can affect the purity of the gas, so if you’re not using high quality regulators that are made for NFPA applications, then there is potential through the regulator to introduce some impurities into the gas as it flows through the manifold. The left bank is feeding the facility, but when it drops to 250 PSI, it is no longer satisfying the dome biased, then it’ll switch to the secondary bank.

The manual purge valve will test for purity. The pressure relief valve is there to let you know if something is wrong and it will relieve off. When you are determining the flow through the manifold, some spec sheets give you the flow with both your left line regulator and your right line regulator being open, flowing through both, but this is not accurate for an NFPA application. For maintenance, the left line regulator will be manually turned off and then the right line regulator will need to be turned on. That is strictly to keep the wear and tear equal within the manifold.

There are manifolds on the market that use what’s called a “switching,” which is when it switches to where the pressure is after one side no longer has any pressure. The issue with this is that they leak and cause a waste of gas. The other caveat is that they fail frequently in the middle, so they haven’t closed the left bank but they opened the right bank. So, you end up using both banks at once with no warning.

HEATERS

CO2 and nitrous are two gases that can potentially freeze up a manifold. This is caused by a pressure drop and flow across the regulators in the orifice in the manifold. If you’re going to use a manifold with a shuttle valve, you must have a heater for CO2 and nitrous oxide because they leak. Then, you will be left with a slow flow the eventually freezes, so you’ll need to use a heater. We have a high flow dome bias regulator in our manifold, our specification sheets do not specify a heater with a Pattons Medical manifold. It isn’t needed because Pattons Medical picked a regulator that would give us high flow. Pattons Medical also wanted to make it so that heaters weren’t needed because they add to the room which causes another fail point. The heaters basically work by switching on when the room temperature drops below 75 degrees.

LIQUID X LIQUID MANIFOLD

In larger facilities, the number of high-pressure cylinders required to meet the demand can become very high resulting in a huge space requirement and a very labor-intensive change out. In those instances, cryogenic containers become advantageous. If using cryogenic containers, there are options pertaining to the primary and secondary banks. If using a liquid manifold, a HP reserve manifold is required as back-up.

INTELLISWITCH MANIFOLD

The IntelliSwitch manifold is the product we will need to use if you are using a liquid-by-liquid application or high pressure. One of the unique features of the IntelliSwitch manifold is the flexibility.

When you push the button on the front, it allows you to identify what is being connected to this manifold. What this manifold's able to do is when you tell it what is connecting to it, it will understand what pressure is supposed to see based on the containers being attached.

When you liquefy the gas in the container, it introduces some challenges with the gas being in a cryogenic state. IntelliSwitch is able to address some of those challenges. One of the first features is the economizer function. For this example, we will say, that this bank is feeding the facility. When this bank is feeding the facility, this container is generating head pressure because the gas does not want to be in a liquid state. When it generates too much head pressure, that's when you're going to pop your pressure relief valve to protect the container. In a traditional liquid by liquid manifold, it blows off into the room.

The IntelliSwitch is able to monitor the pressure on the bank, feeding the facility. Still, it’s also monitoring the pressure of the bank, not feeding the facility when it starts to register, that the head pressure is getting to. The economizer feature just bleeds some of that gas off so that it's able to be used downstream and you don't waste it. All of this happens in reverse with the lookback feature.

The lookback feature will do a soft switchover, and start drawing some of the gas from this bank, but then it keeps looking back. When this generates enough head pressure, it uses it. If it notices that there is no type of gas or that its completely empty, it’ll switch to the alternative. So instead of wasting 30% of gas in the container, only 5% will be wasted. The majority of verifiers say that this is a safer product because you are constantly getting readouts from both, meaning you know exactly what the pressure is.

ALARMS

For the manifold, there are local and master alarms. The local alarms are physically on the cabinet and are going to have either green or red lights. These lights will be next to a few phrases; ready, in-use, and replace.

For reference, you should have two green lights for ready, which means you now have a demand. For this example, let’s say this is your primary bank. When it’s depleted, the red light will be next to “replace” and the green light will be next to “ready” and “in-use.”

At your master alarm, you have a low-pressure line, high-pressure line, and reserve in use. They are actually being read by the main line pressure switch downstream of the source valve, but then you have your changeover alarm. Similarly to the local alarm, if the red light for “replace,” it is telling you to change over. You will need to address getting the bank changed out within a specified timeframe.

For liquid by liquid, we have those same three alarm points at the master, but we also have to have two more points at the master alarm, called reserve in use. As mentioned, for liquid-by-liquid applications, you have your two cryogenics and your high pressure. If your cryogenic containers have both failed, we will take off our “reserve-in-use” for the high-pressure reserves. The reserve manifold will trigger an alarm at the master.