#lora mesh protocol

[elcereza]

GPIOs do LoRaMesh da Radioenge: Portas digitais

Aprenda como usar as GPIOs do módulo LoRaMesh da Radioenge

As GPIOs do LoRaMesh da Radioenge possibilita que possamos fazer aplicações de automação com um uso reduzido de hardware, dedicando apenas ao circuito de chaveamento (se necessário) e de alimentação. No total temos no LoRaMesh 8 GPIOs sendo todas configuráveis como entrada ou saída digital e duas como leitura analógica. Porém neste post vamos apenas abordar as portas digitais. Por qual motivo…

[g-nicerf]

Data Security and Precision Control: Precision Application of Smart Irrigation Using LoRa Technology and LoRaWAN Gateway

The application characteristics of LoRa modules in smart irrigation technology are mainly reflected in the following aspects:

Low Power Consumption: LoRa modules are characterized by extremely low power consumption, enabling devices to operate for extended periods on battery power. This reduces the hassle of frequent battery replacements and enhances the system's lifespan and reliability.

Anti-Interference Capability: LoRa technology has excellent anti-interference capabilities., ensuring stable communication quality even in environments with multiple radio signals.

Long-Distance Transmission: Utilizing low-frequency transmission, spread spectrum technology, and high-sensitivity receivers, LoRa modules can achieve wireless communication over distances ranging from several kilometers to over ten kilometers.

MESH Self-Organizing Network: LoRa modules can establish communication connections through self-organizing networks, eliminating the need for complex infrastructure and network wiring.

Precision Irrigation: LoRa modules offer stable and accurate data transmission, enabling real-time delivery of information such as soil moisture and weather conditions.

High Penetration: LoRa technology boasts strong signal penetration and stability, ensuring reliable signal transmission even in complex environments.

Multi-Node Support: LoRa modules support applications with multiple nodes. A single LoRa gateway can connect multiple sensor nodes, forming a complete network system for extensive, multi-point monitoring and management.

Data Security: LoRa modules provide high data security, employing encryption technology to protect data during transmission, preventing data theft or tampering, and ensuring the confidentiality and integrity of agricultural data.

Wide Coverage: LoRa technology can achieve wide coverage, typically ranging from several kilometers to over ten kilometers, without the repeaters.

Module Compatibility: LoRa modules are compatible with various types of sensors and control devices, offering a high level of system integration and facilitating seamless cooperation among different devices.

How the LoRa modules achieve precision irrigation in smart irrigation?

Remote Monitoring: Using LoRa modules, the irrigation system can achieve remote monitoring and control. Users can access real-time environmental data such as soil moisture and temperature from a distance and remotely control irrigation equipment, enabling precision irrigation.

Data Analysis: After the cloud platform receives sensor data, it analyzes and processes the information to promptly understand soil moisture conditions, providing a scientific basis for irrigation decisions.

Remote Control of Equipment: LoRa modules transmit commands to various irrigation nodes through long-distance, low-power wireless communication, controlling valve switches, irrigation times, and irrigation amounts.

Timed Irrigation: The irrigation schedule can be preset, and the LoRa module can be used to control the irrigation equipment to irrigate at the best time.

Feedback Mechanism: After irrigation is completed, the system re-monitors soil conditions and feeds the data back to the central control system.

Functions of the LoRaWAN Gateway LG1301-PF in Smart Irrigation Systems

Features of the LG1301-PF Gateway

LG1301-PF is the LoRaWAN gateway. It can work with any LoRaWAN node which comply Standard LoRaWAN protocol V1.0.

The gateway use linux platform as host.It mainly consists of concentrator ,GPS module ,WIFI and Ethernet. The GPS module send NMEA frames containing time and geographical coordinates data to the host. The GPS module also output one pulse to the sx1301 per second.

The gateway receives the RF data from nodes and sends it to the server. It also receive data from the server and transmit to the nodes. The gateway connects to the server via Ethernet or WiFi.

Support for LoRaWAN Protocol: Adapts to the LoRaWAN protocol, enabling the device to communicate with standard LoRaWAN networks for remote data transmission and management.

UART Interface: Provides a UART interface for convenient data exchange and integration with other devices or sensors.

AES128 Encryption: Uses the AES128 encryption algorithm to ensure the security and privacy of data transmission.

8-Channel Simultaneous Communication: Supports up to 8 channels of communication simultaneously

Configurable Parameters: Users can flexibly configure various parameters according to specific application needs.

Global Positioning System Support: GPS functionality enables precise positioning and tracking of the device.

Remote Transmission: Supports remote data transmission, allowing real-time data transfer and management between the device and the cloud via an internet connection.

Frequency Band Support: Covers multiple frequency bands (such as EU433M, EU868M, KR920M, AS923M, CN780M, CN470M, US915M, AS915M, etc.).

By using NiceRF LoRa gateway devices, sensor equipment in the irrigation field (such as temperature sensors, humidity sensors, light sensors, CO2 sensors, etc.) can be connected in real-time. These sensors collect data in real-time and periodically upload it to the cloud platform or local host computer via LoRa modules. This setup enables remote monitoring, fault alarms, equipment management, and provides scientific and reliable data support for adjusting irrigation strategies.

Data Monitoring Function: The sensor equipment monitors data such as air temperature, air humidity, CO2 levels, light intensity, soil moisture, and soil temperature. This data is transmitted through the LoRa gateway to the cloud platform, allowing users to analyze and process the information conveniently.

Remote Control and Adjustment: The LoRa gateway can connect to irrigation equipment, enabling remote control of the irrigation system. By sending commands from the cloud platform to the LoRa gateway, users can adjust irrigation equipment, such as remotely starting or stopping the equipment or adjusting irrigation parameters. This allows for intelligent irrigation based on feedback from soil moisture sensors, providing precise water management, reducing waste, and improving irrigation efficiency.

Anomaly Alarms and Warnings: The LoRa gateway can monitor abnormal conditions in the farmland environment and send alarm messages to users through the cloud platform. For instance, if soil moisture levels are too low or too high, the LoRa gateway can promptly issue an alert, reminding farmers to take appropriate irrigation measures.

Energy Efficiency Optimization: The gateway is designed with low power consumption features. By optimizing energy management and data transmission frequency, it effectively extends the operating time of the equipment, reduces energy costs, and enhances system sustainability.

For details, please click：https://www.nicerf.com/products/ Or click：https://nicerf.en.alibaba.com/productlist.html?spm=a2700.shop_index.88.4.1fec2b006JKUsd For consultation, please contact NiceRF (Email: sales@nicerf.com).

[nitiemily]

Trends in Embedded Software Design Services for Environmental Monitoring

Environmental monitoring is a crucial aspect of modern science and technology, helping us understand and mitigate the impacts of human activities on our planet. As the demand for more accurate and real-time data increases, embedded software design services have become integral to developing advanced environmental monitoring systems. This blog explores the latest trends in embedded software design services for environmental monitoring, highlighting key advancements and innovative solutions shaping the industry.

Advancements in Embedded Software Design Services

Embedded software design services have evolved significantly in recent years, driven by the need for more sophisticated and reliable environmental monitoring systems. Here are some of the key advancements:

1. Integration of IoT and Embedded Systems

The Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionized environmental monitoring by enabling the integration of various sensors and devices into a cohesive network. Embedded software design services now focus on creating software that can seamlessly connect and manage these devices. This integration allows for real-time data collection, analysis, and reporting, providing more accurate and timely information about environmental conditions.

Embedded Software Examples:

IoT-enabled air quality monitoring systems that provide real-time updates on pollution levels.

Water quality sensors that detect contaminants and report data to a central server for analysis.

2. Enhanced Data Processing and Analytics

With the increase in the volume of data generated by environmental monitoring systems, there is a growing need for advanced data processing and analytics capabilities. Modern embedded software design services incorporate powerful algorithms and machine learning techniques to process and analyze data efficiently. This enables more accurate predictions and insights, which are crucial for effective environmental management.

Embedded System Design Patterns:

Use of edge computing to process data locally on the device, reducing latency and bandwidth usage.

Implementation of predictive analytics to forecast environmental trends and potential hazards.

Key Trends in Embedded Software Design Services

Several trends are currently shaping the field of embedded software design services for environmental monitoring. These trends highlight the industry's focus on improving efficiency, accuracy, and reliability.

1. Low-Power Consumption Designs

Environmental monitoring systems often operate in remote or harsh environments where power availability is limited. As a result, there is a significant emphasis on developing low-power consumption designs. Embedded software design services are now focused on optimizing software to minimize energy usage while maintaining high performance.

Embedded Software Examples:

Solar-powered weather stations with embedded software optimized for low energy consumption.

Battery-operated wildlife tracking devices that maximize battery life through efficient software design.

2. Increased Use of Wireless Communication

Wireless communication technologies have become essential in modern environmental monitoring systems. They enable the transmission of data from remote sensors to central servers without the need for physical connections. Embedded software design services are incorporating wireless protocols such as Zigbee, LoRa, and NB-IoT to facilitate reliable and long-range communication.

Embedded System Design Patterns:

Implementation of mesh networking to ensure robust and scalable wireless communication.

Use of adaptive communication protocols that adjust transmission power and frequency based on environmental conditions.

Emerging Technologies in Embedded Software Design

The continuous evolution of technology is driving new possibilities in embedded software design services for environmental monitoring. Here are some emerging technologies that are making a significant impact:

1. Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are transforming the way environmental data is analyzed and interpreted. Embedded software design services are increasingly integrating AI and ML algorithms to enhance the capabilities of monitoring systems. These technologies enable the identification of complex patterns and anomalies in environmental data, leading to more accurate predictions and insights.

Embedded Software Examples:

AI-powered image recognition systems for detecting and classifying wildlife species.

ML algorithms for analyzing historical weather data to predict future climate trends.

2. Blockchain for Data Security and Integrity

Data security and integrity are critical concerns in environmental monitoring. Blockchain technology is emerging as a solution to these challenges by providing a secure and transparent way to record and verify data. Embedded software design services are exploring the use of blockchain to ensure that environmental data remains tamper-proof and trustworthy.

Embedded System Design Patterns:

Implementation of decentralized data storage to enhance security and reduce the risk of data breaches.

Use of smart contracts to automate data verification and validation processes.

The Future of Embedded Software Design Services

As the field of environmental monitoring continues to grow, embedded software design services will play a crucial role in developing innovative solutions. The future will likely see further advancements in AI, ML, and blockchain technologies, leading to more sophisticated and reliable monitoring systems. Additionally, the focus on low-power designs and wireless communication will remain essential as the demand for real-time and accurate environmental data increases.

Conclusion

Embedded software design services are at the forefront of transforming environmental monitoring systems. By integrating advanced technologies and optimizing designs for efficiency and reliability, these services are helping to create a more sustainable future. As we continue to face environmental challenges, the role of embedded software in monitoring and managing our planet's resources will become increasingly important. Embracing these trends and advancements will be key to developing effective solutions for environmental protection and conservation.

To Know More About Embedded software design

[macnman-techno]

What is the difference between the LoRaWAN wireless module and LoRa gateway wireless transmission technology?

Many individuals find it challenging to differentiate between the LoRaWAN wireless module and LoRa gateway wireless transmission technology, as well as their applications within the realm of IoT.

LoRaWAN specifically pertains to the networking protocol found within the MAC (Media Access Control) layer. In contrast, LoRa serves as a protocol within the physical layer. Although current LoRaWAN networking implementations utilize LoRa as the physical layer, it's worth noting that the LoRaWAN protocol also allows for the use of GFSK (Gaussian Frequency-Shift Keying) as the physical layer in specific frequency bands. From a network layering perspective, LoRaWAN can adopt various physical layer protocols, just as LoRa can serve as the physical layer for other networking technologies.

LoRa, as a technology, falls under the category of LPWAN (Low-Power Wide-Area Network) communication technologies. It represents an ultra-long-distance wireless transmission method based on spread spectrum technology, pioneered and promoted by Semtech in the United States. This approach revolutionizes the previous trade-off between transmission distance and power consumption, offering users a straightforward system capable of achieving extended range, prolonged battery life, and increased capacity. Consequently, it expands the capabilities of sensor networks. Currently, LoRa predominantly operates within free frequency bands globally, including 433/868/915MHz, among others.

On the other hand, LoRaWAN wireless communication stands as an open standard defining the communication protocol for LPWAN technology based on LoRa chips. LoRaWAN defines the Media Access Control (MAC) layer at the data link level and is overseen by the LoRa Alliance. It's crucial to distinguish between LoRa and LoRaWAN because companies like Link Labs utilize a proprietary MAC layer in conjunction with LoRa chips to create more advanced hybrid designs, such as Link Labs' Symphony Link.

LoRaWAN typically employs a star or star-to-star topology, which is generally considered superior to mesh networks due to advantages such as conserving battery power and extending communication range. In a star topology, messages are relayed to a central server through gateways, and each end node can transmit data to multiple gateways. These gateways then forward the data to the web server, where tasks like redundancy detection, security checks, and message scheduling are executed.

In summary, LoRa encompasses solely the link layer protocol, making it suitable for point-to-point (P2P) communication between nodes. In contrast, LoRaWAN includes the network layer, allowing data to be sent to any base station connected to a cloud platform. By connecting the appropriate antenna to its socket, the LoRaWAN module can operate at different frequencies, offering versatility in its applications.

[zenatixsolutions]

Top IoT powered building automation protocols you must be aware of

https://www.zenatix.com/top-iot-powered-building-automation-protocols-you-must-be-aware-of/

At present, there are more than 12.2 billion active global IoT connections. These interconnected devices communicate with each other and produce meaningful data. However, only communication is not enough. They need to speak the same language. It’s the point where IoT protocols come to use!

What are IoT protocols?

A protocol is a set of rules that allows for the effective communication (i.e., data exchange) of distinct machines/devices in a network setting. The protocols also apply to the Internet of Things (IoT).

Why do IoT Protocols matter?

IoT protocols give smart systems the ability to communicate with each other seamlessly. Moving data from endpoint devices through the IoT pipeline to central servers becomes a matter of a few minutes with IoT protocols.

It is only IoT protocols that make sure data sent from endpoint devices, such as sensors, is received and understood by the subsequent steps in the connected environment. They are as critical to the existence of IoT as the things themselves.

Though protocols work collectively to make IoT work, not all of them are created equal. Some IoT protocols work well in buildings, while some are well suited for IoT deployments spread among buildings.

Some popular IoT Protocols

Several IoT protocols enable either device-to-device, device-to-gateway, or device-to-cloud/data center communication — or combinations of these communications. Here are some of the most common and popular IoT protocols:

BACnet

BACnet is a communication IoT protocol for building automation and control (BAC) networks. It’s designed to enable communication of building automation and control systems for applications including heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning control (HVAC automation systems), lighting control, access control, fire detection systems, and other building equipment.

BACnet provides mechanisms for computerized building automation devices to exchange information, regardless of the particular building service they perform. It’s mainly used in building automation systems (BAS) to control the data exchange between different devices and components.

The top features of BACnet include:

Open source standard

No license fee for implementation

Adopted by a large number of manufacturers, making them less dependent on a specific vendor for their implementation

BACnet fulfills all the merits of a standardized protocol.

Modbus

Modbus protocol is used for transmitting information over serial lines between electronic devices. This open protocol is widely used by many manufacturers throughout many industries. It transmits signals from instrumentation and control devices back to the main controller or data-gathering system.

Since it’s openly published and royalty-free, this IoT protocol is popular in industrial environments. It is relatively easy to deploy and maintain as compared to other standards. In the field of process automation and SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition), Modbus is the most popular and oldest automation protocol.

OpenThread

Released by Google, OpenThread is an open-source implementation of Thread. It comes with specifications that define an IPv6-based reliable, secure, and low-power wireless device-to-device communication protocol for home and commercial building applications.

Top features:

IPv6 configuration and raw data interface

Extending Thread mesh over Ethernet/Wi-Fi links

Bidirectional IPv6 reachability and DNS-based service discovery between Thread and Ethernet/Wi-Fi

UDP sockets

CoAP client and server

DHCPv6 client and server

DNSv6 client

Child Supervision

Inform Previous Parent on Reattach

Jam Detection

Periodic Parent Search

This IoT protocol is highly portable that supports both System-on-Chip (SoC) and Co-Processor (RCP, NCP) designs.

LoRaWan

LoRaWAN is a Low Power Wide Area Networking (LPWAN) communication protocol that functions on LoRa. Anyone can set up and operate the LoRa network.

It’s designed to wirelessly connect battery-operated ‘things’ to the internet in regional, national or global networks, and targets key Internet of Things (IoT) requirements such as bi-directional communication, end-to-end security, mobility, and localization services.

Top features:

Long-range communication up to 10 miles in line of sight

Low cost for devices and maintenance

License-free radio spectrum but region-specific regulations apply

Low power but has a limited payload size of 51 bytes to 241 bytes as per the data rate, which can be 0,3 Kbit/s – 27 Kbit/s data rate with a 222 maximal payload size.

The rise of IoT is giving rise to radical changes in how devices communicate with each other. IoT protocols will help increase in adoption and importance as the number of connected devices rises.

Being the leading IoT powered building automation provider  in India, Zenatix offers an IoT-powered energy monitoring & asset management solution (ZenConnect) delivering energy efficiency, improved comfort compliances, & reduced asset breakdown for commercial buildings

View Source : https://www.zenatix.com/top-iot-powered-building-automation-protocols-you-must-be-aware-of/

[mescapteurs]

Partenariat Arbaut-re-sens et Dooz domotique

Nous avons conclu un partenariat entre Olivier Darnault, fondateur de DOOZ DOMOTIQUE et jérôme Arbaut, président de la société Arbaut-re-Sens. https://lnkd.in/dFDHhUw La société Arbaut-re-Sens a toujtours optimisé les bâtiments à l’aide de capteurs intelligents Lora, un nouveau réseau sans fil, utilisant peu d’énergie et couvrant l’ensemble des bâtiments. Dans le cadre de l’offre SENIOR CONNECT’, ce partenariat nous donne la possibilité de nous tourner vers des capteurs dotés du dernier protocole sans fil bluetooth 5 mesh. https://lnkd.in/drEF-Ft En effet, l’objectif de SENIOR CONNECT’ est de permettre le maintien à domicile des personnes âgées le plus longtemps possible grâce à la technologie. Ce partenaire collaborera à la fabrication de ses capteurs que nous installerons au sein du logement des personnes âgées dépendantes pour suivre leurs habitudes de vie. L’accès à un habitat alternatif grâce à la technologie est donc possible par cette collaboration qui vise à émettre des indicateurs de vigilance et d’alerter en cas d’anomalies.

[educationtech]

What is the IoT? Everything you need to know about the Internet of Things right now

The essence of IoT is networking that student of Top Information Technology College should be followed. In other words, technologies will use in IoT with a set protocol that they will use for communications. In Communication, a protocol is basically a set of rules and guidelines for transferring data. Rules are defined for every step and process during communication between two or more computers. Networks must follow certain rules to successfully transmit data.

While working on a project, there are some requirements that must be completed like speed, range, utility, power, discoverability, etc. and a protocol can easily help them find a way to understand and solve the problem. Some of them includes the following:

1. The List

There are some most popular IoT protocols that the engineers of top engineering colleges in Jaipur should know. These are primarily wireless network protocols.

2. Bluetooth

Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard for exchanging data over some short distances ranges from fixed and mobile devices, and building personal area networks (PANs). It is invented by Dutch electrical engineer, that is, Jaap Haartsen who is working for telecom vendor Ericsson in 1994. It was originally developed as a wireless alternative to RS-232 data cables.

3. ZigBee

ZigBee is an IEEE 802.15.4-based specification for a suite of high-level communication protocols that are used by the students of Best Engineering Colleges Jaipur to create personal area networks. It includes small, low-power digital radios like medical device data collection, home automation, and other low-power low-bandwidth needs, designed for small scale projects which need wireless connection. Hence, ZigBee is a low data rate, low-power, and close proximity wireless ad hoc network.

4. Z-wave

Z-Wave is a wireless communications protocol used by the students of BTech information technology college in Jaipur primarily for home automation. It is a mesh network using low-energy radio waves to communicate from appliance to appliance which allows wireless control of residential appliances and other devices like lighting control, thermostats, security systems, windows, locks, swimming pools and garage door openers.

5. Thread

A very new IP-based IPv6 networking protocol aims at the home automation environment is Thread. It is based on 6LowPAN and also like it; it is not an IoT applications protocol like Bluetooth or ZigBee. However, it is primarily designed as a complement to Wi-Fi and recognizes that Wi-Fi is good for many consumer devices with limitations for use in a home automation setup.

6. Wi-Fi

Wi-Fi is a technology for wireless local area networking with devices according to the IEEE 802.11 standards. Wi-Fi is a trademark of the Wi-Fi Alliance which prohibits the use of the term Wi-Fi Certified to products that can successfully complete interoperability certification testing.

Devices that can use Wi-Fi technology mainly include personal computers, digital cameras, video-game consoles, smartphones and tablets, smart TVs, digital audio players and modern printers. Wi-Fi compatible devices can connect to the Internet through WLAN and a wireless access point. Such an access point has a range of about 20 meters indoors with a greater range outdoors. Hotspot coverage can be as small as a single room with walls that restricts radio waves, or as large as many square kilometers that is achieved by using multiple overlapping access points.

7. LoRaWAN

LoRaWAN is a media access control protocol mainly used for wide area networks. It is designed to enable students of private engineering colleges in Rajasthan to communicate through low-powered devices with Internet-connected applications over long-range wireless connections. LoRaWAN can be mapped to the second and third layer of the OSI model. It is implemented on top of LoRa or FSK modulation in industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) radio bands.

8. NFC

Near-field communication is a set of communication protocols that enable students of best engineering colleges in Rajasthan two electronic devices. One of them is usually a portable device like a smartphone, to establish communication by bringing them within 4cm (1.6 in) of each other.

These devices are used in contactless payment systems like to those used in credit cards and electronic ticket smartcards and enable mobile payment to replace/supplement these systems. Sometimes, this is referred to as NFC/CTLS (Contactless) or CTLS NFC. NFC is used for social networking, for sharing contacts, videos, photos, or files. NFC-enabled devices can act as electronic identity both documents and keycards. NFC offers a low-speed connection with simple setup that can be used by the students of top Engg colleges in Rajasthan to bootstrap more capable wireless connections.

9. Cellular

IoT application that requires operation over longer distances can take benefits of GSM/3G/4G cellular communication capabilities. While cellular is clearly capable of sending high quantities of data, especially for 4G with the expense and also power consumption will be too high for many applications. Also, it can ideal for sensor-based low-bandwidth-data projects that will send very low amounts of data over the Internet. A key product in this area is the SparqEE range of products including the original tiny CELLv1.0 low-cost development board and a series of shield connecting boards for use with the Raspberry Pi and Arduino platforms.

10. Sigfox

This unique approach in the world of wireless connectivity; where there is no signaling overhead, a compact and optimized protocol; and where objects are not attached to the network. Sigfox offers a software-based communications solution to the students of top engineering colleges in India where all the network and computing complexity is managed in the Cloud, rather than on the devices. All that together, it drastically reduces energy consumption and costs of connected devices.

SigFox wireless technology is based on LTN (Low Throughput Network). It is wide area network-based technology which supports low data rate communication over larger distances. It is mainly used for M2M and IoT applications which transmits only few bytes per day.

[telgoo5]

Choosing the Best IoT Data Connectivity for IoT Platform

IoT data connectivity is the most fundamental requirement of an IoT use case. However, not every IoT platformutilizes the same connectivity solutions. In order to maximize the benefit from an IoT business, one needs to have the most appropriate connectivity solution.

Selecting the Best Wireless Technology for IoT

IoT is a diverse technology. There are many IoT sensors that remain connected and transmit signals to ensure proper implementation of an IoT network. For someone trying to leverage IoT for best gains, it is important to have information about every type of IoT connectivity available.

Have a look at some IoT connectivity types and their best use scenarios:

Mobile Network Connectivity

3G, 4G and 5G are the most basic cellular network connectivity types available. When you have to cover large areas, mobile connectivity becomes a necessity. For example, connected cars can move around and still communicate if they are powered by mobile connectivity. In the future, it is expected that 5G-connectivity would power a vast network of self-driving cars. Mobile connectivity is also widely used for long-range IoT surveillance systems.

Low Powered Long Range Connectivity

When you want your IoT devices to be operational for a long time on a single battery charge, Low Powered Long Range Connectivity solutions like SigFox, LoRA, LTE-M and NB-IoT become the ideal choice. These connectivity types maintain a low data rate, which does not exert the sensors. Hence, a single battery charge lasts for a long time and the battery life is also extended. Important use cases for this type of connectivity are monitoring of environment, tracking of assets and monitoring of perishable items.

Mesh Protocols

When there is a need to supply connectivity to several sensors connected in a mesh topology, connectivity solutions like Zigbee are preferred. Although they have a short range of 100 meters or less, they are very effective in reducing the power consumption by sensors.

Wi-Fi Connectivity

When you need to connect a home network that has many IoT devices, Wi-Fi is the most suitable choice. Although it is an expensive connectivity type, it can provide greater bandwidth and low latency. Mostly, it is used for connecting home gadgets and appliances.

When it comes to IoT development, you need the most ideal connectivity solutions for maximum benefit. However, IoT is a vast field and requires greater resources. To fulfill this requirement, it is essential to have an internet of things connectivity provider that can offer versatile connectivity solutions.

Secure IoT Services excels at both connectivity and IoT billing solutions. It also offers superior tech support, so that your network remains operational at all times.

[wolfliving]

Amazon Sidewalk, the upside

*There is one, sort of, says Stacey Higginbotham.

Planning to reject Amazon Sidewalk? Do it for the right reasons By Stacey Higginbotham

Wow. This week, the media went after Amazon's distributed IoT network with a vengeance. Both the mainstream news and the tech press came out in force to recommend that people opt out of Amazon's Sidewalk Network before June 9th, when Amazon is due to turn it on. I, on the other hand, recommend that you opt in. There are really only four reasons to opt out of the network, and after I tell you a bit more about it, I hope you'll agree with me. If not, here's how to opt out. Let's get to it. Amazon designed the Sidewalk Network to provide a middle ground between home Wi-Fi networks and cellular coverage, with low-cost connectivity for devices that are out of Wi-Fi range but where cellular radios aren't a fit due to their cost, size, or battery needs. These Low-Power Wide-Area Networks (LPWANs) have attempted to gain ground for a decade as companies have tried to provide coverage for IoT devices. The biggest challenge in building these networks is cost, followed by power consumption. If someone wants to build a sensor that shares weather data a few times a day, it doesn't make sense to buy a cellular subscription or put an expensive cellular module into the device. But if they have access to cheaper connectivity, it opens up a world of possibilities. An inexpensive radio coupled with inexpensive data would mean the cost of running the device could be much lower and built into the cost of the product, which means we could see a lot of new products. Amazon's first floated its Sidewalk Network in September 2019 in its presentation about Ring products. At the time, Amazon SVP David Limp said Sidewalk could benefit Ring products by allowing them to be outside of the home Wi-Fi range. A year later, as its annual device launch event neared, Amazon explained how the network would work. And it said its Echo devices, certain Ring devices (Amazon owns Ring), and its Eero routers would contain sub-gigahertz radios that would support Amazon's new Sidewalk protocol. The network would use the Sidewalk protocol Amazon developed over radios that use the same frequency as LoRa networks to send small packets of data up to half a mile. (Amazon has said the protocol will work over Bluetooth as well.) The mesh network would then transmit those packets back to the internet through its customers' broadband networks. Jamie Siminoff, the CEO and founder of Ring, has likened it to borrowing a cup of sugar from your neighbor. Amazon subsequently sent its executives out on press tours to explain the safeguards associated with the Sidewalk Network. Amazon would only siphon up to 500 MB a month (that's half a gigabyte), they noted; in the meantime, the company released a paper explaining how the Sidewalk protocol worked from both a security and privacy perspective. It's really important to note that Amazon cannot see the packets sent over the network, nor can it see how those packets are routed. Ken Goto, the CTO of Level (podcast), which will use the Sidewalk Network for connectivity inside its smart lock, described the data as a wrapper, wrapped in a wrapper, wrapped in another wrapper. Level is using the Sidewalk network to avoid building Wi-Fi in its smart locks. According to Goto, the lock only has Bluetooth and a Zigbee radio, so Level can save on cost and battery consumption. But that means when the lock is outside of a phone's Bluetooth range, it needs another way to connect back to the lock. With the Sidewalk Network, Level's requests can use Bluetooth to get on the Sidewalk mesh and then back to the Internet, where the app can communicate with the distant lock. This is a pretty sweet use case, and it eliminates the ever-present bridges many homes have today to connect Bluetooth devices back to Wi-Fi and the internet. I firmly believe that this network will be an overall benefit for consumers and developers, who can add new features or build new, cheaper devices that take advantage of it. The privacy and security features are legit. Again: Amazon doesn't see your data and it doesn't see the developers' data. Neither does anyone else. In other words, I think you should opt in. I can only see four reasons that someone would want to (or should) opt out of participating. 1. You are on a metered data plan with a low data cap. For people in rural areas or those running their Amazon devices on a metered plan with a low cap, losing up to 500 MB a month might be too much to countenance (although this amount is not likely to be reached in a super rural area without a lot of participating devices). 2. You're a control freak. When talking to a few tech nerds about this — and after getting them to admit that the security protocols looked pretty good — most came to the conclusion that they simply don't want their home network to be used as a bridge for unknown packets. What if those packets were illegal? What if the ISP didn't permit that type of use? I can't argue with control freaks, but I can point out that Apple's AirTags and FindMy network run on a similar principle of using your home or cellular data to share Bluetooth location data across an ad-hoc mesh network. 3. You want to hold out for more. Another common complaint about Sidewalk is that by automatically opting people in, Amazon is getting a network for nothing, and it's using your bandwidth to do it. I get why that pisses people off and I don't like it, either. But it's doing it because it's hard to build a wireless network and get devices on that network unless there's already widespread coverage. And getting widespread coverage is also hard. So is asking people to opt in, because people are lazy. I think Amazon should provide a decent incentive (like a digital credit for a free movie) to get people to opt in. So if currently you're not opposed to joining the network but want something in return, maybe if you opt out now Amazon will feel the loss keenly enough that it offers you something. 4. You hate Amazon and don't want to give it any more power. There are plenty of people who distrust Amazon and appear to have reacted to the Sidewalk news as another opportunity to drag the company — even while still using the Amazon Alexa or Ring devices that would put them in danger of participating in the network. Whereas if you truly distrust Amazon, you probably aren't in danger of becoming part of this network because you won't have the devices. So if you have the devices and opt out because you don't trust Amazon, ask yourself why you are still giving it so much space in your home and so many dollars from your wallet. I've covered wireless networks for almost two decades, so I understand better than most that Amazon is usually a data-vacuuming, self-interested entity that has historically not cared about privacy or its workers. And the Sidewalk Network will benefit Amazon. But not by letting the retailer suck up your data, or device data from its competitors. Amazon is building this network because there is a genuine need for a cheap IoT network with long-range coverage. And because that is something that we all need, I'm eager to participate. I hope most of y'all will, too. Listen to this week's podcast for more on this topic.

[elcereza]

Leitura analógica do LoRaMesh da Radioenge

Aprenda como usar a leitura analógica com o módulo LoRaMesh da Radioenge

A leitura analógica com o LoRaMesh possibilita com que possamos fazer um amplo sistema de sensoriamento remoto sem precisar necessariamente de microcontrolador adicional na parte do slave. Por qual motivo usar a leitura analógica do LoRaMesh da Radioenge? Uma leitura digital em muito dos casos já é mais que o suficiente para saber se algo está ou não funcionando, mas a leitura analógica do…

[g-nicerf]

Enable LBT function for LoRa data transmission module

The LBT (Listen Before Talk) function in LoRa data transmission modules is a protocol or technique used for wireless communication, aimed at reducing or avoiding channel collisions and improving communication quality and efficiency. In LBT, devices listen to the channel before transmitting data to ensure channel availability, thereby reducing the likelihood of collisions.

The LoRa Pro series modules are upgraded network wireless communication modules introduced by  G-NiceRF. In order to meet the application needs of different customers, we have designed the software of this series of modules to be multi-functional and selectable. Users can configure the module to enable the LBT function through PC software.

In configuration mode, users can configure the relevant parameters of the module using PC software. After opening the PC software, click to open the corresponding COM port (which can be found in the Device Manager). The PC will then read the parameter information of the connected module and display the corresponding model and version information in the window, while showing the message 'Device Found!' in the status bar below. If the device is unplugged or there is no response, the status bar will display 'Device Not Found!', and the product information box above will become grayed out and invalid. The PC interface after successful module connection is shown in the figure below:

BT setting parameter 0 is for disable, and 1 is for enable. As shown in the above figure, after checking the LBT option, you can enable the LBT function.

When multiple transmitters are working simultaneously, to ensure they do not interfere with each other, the module checks whether other transmitters are transmitting wireless signals in the environment before transmitting. If other transmitters are transmitting wireless signals, the module will temporarily refrain from transmitting until the other transmitters stop transmitting.

Please note: Due to limited internal data buffer (200 bytes) in the module, if the channel remains busy and data continues to be transmitted to the module via the serial port, the data may be overwritten.

The above is how to enable the LBT function of the  G-NiceRF LoRa data transmission module. In addition to LBT,  G-NiceRF offers various data transmission modules that also support data encryption, CRC checksum, and multi-level relay MESH networking. We welcome inquiries from users.

For details, please click：https://www.nicerf.com/products/ Or click：https://nicerf.en.alibaba.com/productlist.html?spm=a2700.shop_index.88.4.1fec2b006JKUsd For consultation, please contact NiceRF (Email: sales@nicerf.com).

[macnman-techno]

What are the main differences between SigFox and LoRa technologies?

SigFox and LoRa are two distinct technologies used in the realm of the Internet of Things (IoT) for long-range, low-power wireless communication. Here are the key distinctions between SigFox and LoRa technologies:

Communication Protocol:

SigFox: SigFox employs a unique communication protocol and its own network infrastructure, operating on unlicensed ISM bands and utilizing a star network topology.

LoRa: LoRa (Long Range) uses chirp spread spectrum modulation and adheres to open standards, allowing for more versatile network deployments, including star-of-stars and mesh configurations.

Coverage:

SigFox: SigFox is recognized for its expansive coverage, often spanning entire regions or even countries, offering a broad geographic reach.

LoRa: LoRa's coverage is typically more adaptable and localized, with the capability to cover distances ranging from a few kilometers to over 15-20 kilometers, making it suitable for both urban and rural areas.

Data Rate:

SigFox: SigFox provides very low data rates, typically around 100 bps (bits per second), suitable for transmitting small, sporadic messages or sensor data.

LoRa: LoRa supports higher data rates, with transmission speeds ranging from 300 bps to 37.5 kbps, offering greater versatility for a wide range of IoT applications.

Power Consumption:

Both SigFox and LoRa are designed with low-power consumption in mind, but the actual power usage may vary based on specific devices and application scenarios. Generally, they are both energy-efficient technologies.

Ecosystem and Standards:

SigFox: SigFox operates its own network infrastructure, which can limit customization and scalability. It constitutes a more closed ecosystem with fewer options for adaptability.

LoRa: LoRa is built on open standards, permitting greater flexibility in constructing and adapting networks. There are multiple LoRaWAN network operators and a wider array of LoRa-compatible devices and gateways.

Licensing and Costs:

SigFox: The cost structure for SigFox services may encompass subscription fees, which can vary depending on usage and geographic location.

LoRa: LoRa networks can be deployed by various providers, and costs can vary, but there is generally more flexibility in choosing service providers and pricing models.

Scalability:

SigFox: SigFox networks are highly scalable and suitable for large-scale deployments with minimal infrastructure requirements.

LoRa: LoRa networks are also scalable and can be tailored to accommodate diverse deployment sizes, from small-scale applications to extensive IoT projects.

In summary, both SigFox and LoRa are suitable for specific IoT applications, but their differences in network architecture, data rates, and coverage make them better suited for distinct use cases. SigFox may be preferred for applications demanding extensive coverage and ultra-low power usage, while LoRa offers greater flexibility in terms of data rates and network adaptability. The choice between the two hinges on the specific needs of the IoT project.

[2bitornot2bit]

337 #LoRa Mesh Communication without Infrastructure: The Meshtastic Project (ESP32, BLE, GPS) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TY6m6fS8bxU Cool projects are rare. Here I found one I want to show to you. An undercover personal communicator. It includes a lot of new technologies: ESP32, Smartphones, LoRa, BLE, GPS, Mesh, and as you see, 3D printing. And it solves a problem which could be seen as a human right: Personal SMS style communication everywhere in the world, without the need for any infrastructure, and without mass surveillance. In addition, it shows the location of all your friends in your group on a map on your Smartphone. Everything open source, of course. How cool is that? Even "Sexycyborg" Naomi Wu likes it. I am a proud Patreon of GreatScott!, Electroboom, Electronoobs, EEVblog, and others Links: Project page: https://www.meshtastic.org/ Github: https://github.com/meshtastic Batman protocol: https://www.open-mesh.org/projects/open-mesh/wiki/BATMANConcept 3D-case: https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:3830711 Meshtastic pre-loaded T-Beam: https://s.click.aliexpress.com/e/_dUBocVK T-Beam: http://s.click.aliexpress.com/e/_dTOn2aq or https://bit.ly/3dHv5TN or https://amzn.to/30lwcF3 Naomi 'SexyCyborg' Wu's Maker Channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCh_ugKacslKhsGGdXP0cRRA The links above usually are affiliate links which support the channel (no additional cost for you). Supporting Material and Blog Page: http://www.sensorsiot.org Github: https://www.github.com/sensorsiot My Patreon Page: https://www.patreon.com/AndreasSpiess Discord: https://discord.gg/JfgDSa8 If you want to support the channel, please use the links below to start your shopping. No additional charges for you, but I get a commission (of your purchases the next 24 hours) to buy new stuff for the channel My Amazon.com shop: https://www.amazon.com/shop/andreasspiess For Banggood https://bit.ly/2jAQEf4 For AliExpress: http://bit.ly/2B0yTLL For Amazon.de: http://amzn.to/2r0ZCYI For Amazon UK: http://amzn.to/2mxBaJf For ebay.com: http://ebay.to/2DuYXBp https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100013947273409 https://twitter.com/spiessa https://www.instructables.com/member/Andreas%20Spiess/ Please do not try to Email me or invite me on LinkedIn. These communication channels are reserved for my primary job As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases

[mokosmart]

The accurate reference clock is important for LoRaWAN technology

To ensure that the receiver can process the incoming code chips and convert the stream back into data, DSSS relies on an exact reference clock on the circuit board. Such clock sources are rather expensive and the increasing accuracy of the clocking also increases power consumption. The CSS technology used by LoRaWAN technology (chirp spread spectrum) can be implemented more cost-effectively because it does not rely on a precise clock source. A chirp signal is a signal whose frequency varies over time.

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In the case of LoRaWAN technology network, the frequency of the signal increases over the length of the code chips of the respective data bit group. To improve reliability, LoRaWAN adds error correction information to the data stream. In addition to the immunity of systems with a spread spectrum, CSS offers a high level of immunity to multipath distortion and fading, which is problematic in urban environments – just like Doppler shifts: overlays change the frequency. The CSS technique is more robust because Doppler shifts cause only a small change in the time axis of the baseband signal.

More range or higher data rate

Like DSSS, LoRa can vary the number of code chips per bit. The standard defines six different scattering factors (SF). With a higher SF, the range of a network can be increased – but with more performance per bit and a lower overall data rate. With SF7, the maximum data rate is approximately 5.4 kbit / s and the signal can be considered strong enough at a distance of 2 km – although this distance depends on the terrain. With SF10, the estimated range increases to 8 km with a data rate of slightly less than 1 kbit / s. This is the highest SF in an uplink: a transmission from the node to the base station. A downlink can use two even larger SF. The SFs are orthogonal. This allows different nodes to use different channel configurations without influencing each other. In addition to the physical level that prepares data for CSS modulation and transmission, LoRaWAN defines two logical layers that correspond to levels 2 and 3 of the layered OSI network model (Open Systems Interconnection).

• Level 2 is the LoRa data connection level. It offers fundamental protection of message integrity based on cyclical redundancy checks. LoRaWAN establishes basic point-to-point communication. • Level 3 adds the network protocol feature. The LoRaWAN protocol offers nodes the opportunity to signal each other or to send data to the cloud via the Internet – using a concentrator or a gateway.

LoRaWAN technology uses a star topology: All leaf nodes communicate via the most suitable gateway. The gateways take over the routing and, if more than one gateway is within range of a leaf node and the local network is overloaded, can redirect the communication to an alternative. Some IoT protocols use mesh networks to increase the maximum distance of a leaf node from a gateway. The consequence is a higher energy requirement of the nodes for the forwarding of messages to and from the gateways, as well as for an unpredictable shortening of the battery life.

The LoRaWAN architecture ensures that the battery of each IoT node can be dimensioned appropriately and predictably for the application. The gateway acts as a bridge between simpler protocols, which are better suited for resource-restricted leaf nodes, and the Internet Protocol (IP), which is used to provide IoT services. LoRaWAN technology also takes into account the different functions and energy profiles of the end devices by supporting three different access classes. All devices must be able to support class A. This is the easiest mode that helps maximize battery life. This class uses the widely used Aloha protocol.

Automatic collision avoidance integrated

A device can send an uplink message to the gateway at any time: The protocol has built-in collision avoidance when two or more devices try to send at the same time. Once a transmission is complete, the end node waits for a downlink message that must arrive within one of two available time slots. Once the response is received, the end node can go to sleep, which maximizes battery life.

A LoRaWAN gateway cannot activate a class A end node if it is in the idle state. He has to wake up by himself. This is due to local timers or an event-controlled activation, which is triggered by an event at a local sensor input. Actuators such as valves in a fluid control system must be able to receive commands sent by a network application – even if they have no local data for processing and communication. These devices use Class B or C modes.

With class B, each device is assigned a time window within which it must activate its recipient in order to search for downlink messages. The node can remain in sleep mode between these time windows. Uplink messages can be sent if the device is not waiting for a downlink message. Class B is used when the latency of up to several minutes can be tolerated. Class C supports significantly lower latency times for downlink messages since the receiver front end remains almost constantly active. A class C device is not in receive mode only if it sends its own uplink messages. This class is used by network powered end nodes.

Continuous encryption of the transmitted user data

In contrast to other protocols proposed for the IoT, LoRaWAN offers end-to-end encryption of the application data – right down to the cloud servers that are used to manage and provide the services. In addition to end-to-end encryption, LoRaWAN technology ensures that every device connected to the network has the required credentials and lets IoT nodes check whether they are not connecting to a gateway with a false identity. To ensure the required level of authentication, each LoRaWAN device is programmed during production with a unique key, which is referred to in the protocol as an AppKey.

The device also has a unique identifier worldwide. To make it easier for devices to identify their gateway connections, each network has its own identifier in a list managed by the LoRa Alliance. Computers that are identified as join servers are used to authenticate the AppKey of any device that wants to join the network. Once the join server has authenticated the AppKey, it creates a pair of session keys that are used for subsequent transactions. The NwkSKey is used to encrypt messages that are used to control changes at the network level, e.g. to set up a device on a specific gateway. The second key (AppSKey) encrypts all data at the application level. This separation ensures that the user’s messages cannot be intercepted and decrypted by a third network operator.

Another level of security is achieved through the use of secure counters that are integrated into the message protocol. This feature prevents packet playback attacks in which a hacker intercepts packets and manipulates them before feeding them back into the data stream. All security mechanisms are implemented via AES encryption, which has been proven to guarantee a high level of security. Due to its nationwide supply, energy efficiency and security, LoRaWAN technology is suitable for many applications as a protocol for setting up IoT networks.

How LoRaWAN Technology works

With its star topology and cleverly implemented signal transmission technology, LoRaWAN technology is specifically designed for the energy-efficiency and secure networking of devices in the Internet of Things. We can explain how the technology works.

The Internet of things imposes many requirements on the network technologies used. What is needed is an architecture that is designed for thousands of nodes that can be far from populated areas and in hard-to-reach places – from sensors that monitor water flow and pollution in rivers and canals to consumption meters in the basement.

The architecture must also safely support battery-powered sensor nodes while simplifying installation and maintenance. That speaks for radio operation. Network technology must take into account the strict power consumption requirements for end nodes, many of which are to be operated with a single battery for decades. High security is essential to prevent eavesdropping and to ward off hackers.

The design of such a network technology begins on the physical level. Similar to a number of other radio protocols that are used for IoT applications, LoRaWAN technology uses the spread spectrum modulation. An essential difference between LoRaWAN and other protocols is the use of an adaptive technique based on chirp signals – and not on conventional DSSS (direct sequence spread spectrum signaling). This approach offers a compromise between reception sensitivity and maximum data rate, which supports this adaptation node by node thanks to the modulation configuration.

With DSSS, the phase of the carrier is dynamically shifted according to a precalculated code sequence. A number of successive codes are applied to each bit to be transmitted. This sequence of phase shifts for each bit produces a signal that changes much faster than the carrier, thus spreading the data over a wide frequency band. The higher the number of code pulses (chips) per bit, the higher the scatter factor. This spread makes the signal less susceptible to interference, but reduces the effective data rate and increases the power consumption per bit transmitted. Because the transmitter is more resistant to interference, it can reduce the overall power level. DSSS, therefore, offers lower power consumption with the same bit error rate. DSSS causes electricity and investment costs, which limits the application in IoT nodes.

[educationtech]

IoT Standards & Protocols Guide - Arya College

The essence of IoT is networking that students of information technology college should be followed. In other words, technologies will use in IoT with a set protocol that they will use for communications. In Communication, a protocol is basically a set of rules and guidelines for transferring data. Rules defined for every step and process during communication between two or more computers. Networks must follow certain rules to successfully transmit data.

While working on a project, there are some requirements that must be completed like speed, range, utility, power, discoverability, etc. and a protocol can easily help them find a way to understand and solve the problem. Some of them includes the following:

The List

There are some most popular IoT protocols that the engineers of Top Engineering Colleges in India should know. These are primarily wireless network IoT protocols.

Bluetooth

Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard for exchanging data over some short distances ranges from fixed and mobile devices, and building personal area networks (PANs). It invented by Dutch electrical engineer, that is, Jaap Haartsen who is working for telecom vendor Ericsson in 1994. It was originally developed as a wireless alternative to RS-232 data cables.

ZigBee

ZigBee is an IEEE 802.15.4-based specification for a suite of high-level communication protocols that are used by the students of best engineering colleges to create personal area networks. It includes small, low-power digital radios like medical device data collection, home automation, and other low-power low-bandwidth needs, designed for small scale projects which need wireless connection. Hence, ZigBee is a low data rate, low-power, and close proximity wireless ad hoc network.

Z-wave

Z-Wave – a wireless communications protocol used by the students of Top Information Technology Colleges primarily for home automation. It is a mesh network using low-energy radio waves to communicate from appliance to appliance which allows wireless control of residential appliances and other devices like lighting control, thermostats, security systems, windows, locks, swimming pools and garage door openers.

Thread

A very new IP-based IPv6 networking protocols aims at the home automation environment is Thread. It is based on 6LowPAN and also like it; it is not an IoT protocols like Bluetooth or ZigBee. However, it primarily designed as a complement to Wi-Fi and recognises that Wi-Fi is good for many consumer devices with limitations for use in a home automation setup.

Wi-Fi

Wi-Fi is a technology for wireless local area networking with devices according to the IEEE 802.11 standards. The Wi-Fi is a trademark of the Wi-Fi Alliance which prohibits the use of the term Wi-Fi Certified to products that can successfully complete interoperability certification testing.

Devices that can use Wi-Fi technology mainly include personal computers, digital cameras, video-game consoles, smartphones and tablets, smart TVs, digital audio players and modern printers. Wi-Fi compatible devices can connect to the Internet through WLAN and a wireless access point. Such an access point has a range of about 20 meters indoors with a greater range outdoors. Hotspot coverage can be as small as a single room with walls that restricts radio waves, or as large as many square kilometres that is achieved by using multiple overlapping access points.

LoRaWAN

LoRaWAN a media access control protocol mainly used for wide area networks. It designed to enable students of private engineering colleges in India to communicate through low-powered devices with Internet-connected applications over long-range wireless connections. LoRaWAN can be mapped to the second and third layer of the OSI model. It also implemented on top of LoRa or FSK modulation in industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) radio bands.

NFC

Near-field communication is a set of communication protocols that enable students of best engineering colleges in India two electronic devices. One of them is usually a portable device like a smartphone, to establish communication by bringing them within 4cm (1.6 in) of each other.

These devices used in contactless payment systems like to those used in credit cards and electronic ticket smartcards and enable mobile payment to replace/supplement these systems. Sometimes, this referred to as NFC/CTLS (Contactless) or CTLS NFC. NFC used for social networking, for sharing contacts, videos, photos,or files. NFC-enabled devices can act as electronic identity both documents and keycards. NFC also offers a low-speed connection with simple setup that can be used by the students of top btech colleges in India to bootstrap more capable wireless connections.

Cellular

IoT application that requires operation over longer distances can take benefits of GSM/3G/4G cellular communication capabilities. While cellular is clearly capable of sending high quantities of data. Especially for 4G with the expense and also power consumption will be too high for many applications. Also, it can ideal for sensor-based low-bandwidth-data projects that will send very low amounts of data over the Internet. A key product in this area is the SparqEE range of products including the original tiny CELLv1.0 low-cost development board and a series of shield connecting boards for use with the Raspberry Pi and Arduino platforms.

Sigfox

This unique approach in the world of wireless connectivity; where there is no signalling overhead, a compact and optimized protocol; and where objects not attached to the network. So, Sigfox offers a software-based communications solution to the students of top engineering colleges in India. Where all the network and computing complexity managed in the Cloud, rather than on the devices. All that together, it drastically reduces energy consumption and costs of connected devices.

SigFox wireless technology is based on LTN (Low Throughput Network). A wide area network-based technology which supports low data rate communication over larger distances. However, it mainly used for M2M and IoT applications which transmits only few bytes per day.

[usriot-technology]

Most Important Considerations for IoT Gateways in the Project-Modbus Gateway USR-M511

The IoT Gateway is the core of all intelligent connected device. The gateway needs to make the IoT devices available in the network world and allow them to be connected to cloud servers. The IoT gateway also manages device configurations, verifies devices for secure access, and supports edge analysis. Finally, the gateway needs to provide compatibility across all connected devices by supporting a variety of connection protocols, including Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, LoRa, and so on.

Here are five best practices for establishing IoT gateways.

1. Security is the primary task.

In today's world that cyber security threats continuously evolve, the primary task of establishing an IoT gateway should be security. All IoT devices should set authentication expiration times, edge gateways, and associated access keys.

Another way to enhance the IoT gateway that has been verified is to use a trusted execution environment and a trusted platform module both. TEE ensures that all sensitive data in the connected device is processed, stored, and protected in a trusted isolated environment. This enables end-to-end security by enhancing privacy, system integrity, data confidentiality and authenticity, and data access rights. TEE is popular for its high accessible memory and high processing speed.

2. Use gateway cluster to achieve continuity

Cluster also helps ensure that information received from legacy nodes and IoT devices is transmitted without losing data. To reduce these risks, cluster interconnects multiple gateway devices. An IoT gateway device cluster should be installed between all the source and target nodes. This creates a mesh network of devices and ensures redundancy. This means that if a gateway node fails or crashes, communication continuity is still available. If the IoT gateway fails, connections and application programs are transferred to adjacent gateways.

3. Configuration management

The gateway should support remote configuration and management. Use a human-machine interface system to provide remote and useful configuration management, and the operator can see the overall view of the system, including fault systems, high error rates, and so on.

4. Avoid excessive data load through load balancing.

To reduce data overload, load balancing is achieved by using cluster managers that manage the distribution of network data. The cluster manager can define threshold occupancy for each gateway. When the IoT gateway exceeds the defined threshold, the cluster manager transfers the excess load to the adjacent gateway. This ensures balanced load distribution and faster network response.

5. Use horizontal and vertical scaling

Add additional gateway devices to support scalability and redundancy, you can choose to scale horizontally or vertically.

A gateway can be added to a network by connecting it to an existing communication bus. The benefit is that there is no need to overhaul the network, and horizontal scaling is the ideal solution for pure scalability. Another option to be considered is vertical scaling. Vertical scaling should be used when functional changes need to be implemented. Functional changes include:

Operation system update

Hardware upgrade

Industrial automation software upgrade

To ensure that the IoT gateway supports vertical scaling, please make sure that the architecture includes a micro-service application.

Conclusion

It is not easy to establish an IoT gateway. Since the gateway is the core of industrial IoT, it is important to follow all best practices, in this way, a maintainable, scalable, and reliable environment can be designed. Use the USRIOT Modbus gateway, the host mode of M511 is divided into Modbus_RTU_MasterModbus_ASC_Master mode. One master - one slave transmission, one master - multiple slaves transmission and multiple masters-multiple slaves transmission can be realized in both host modes.

In the transmission process, Modbus gateway module does not analyze any protocol, but only sends the serial data to the network end. In the slave mode, it can connect to the 16-way network host with full load, support the function of pre-reading (i.e. caching), save the transmission time of serial port, and frequently query data without timeout.

Related Products

Modbus Gateways | Modbus RTU to TCP | Ethernet Modbus Gateways

USR-M511