#miners pension appeal

[minerspensionfight]

Retired miners pension campaign. 

[ukdamo]

Remembrance of Things Present

One of mine...

The gloryhole in 89 Napier Street was the repository for practical things not necessarily needed immediately to hand: the scorched and rickety ironing board (the iron standing on its heel on the shelf above); left-over rolls of wallpaper; a canopy of coats cascading untidily from too few hooks; the two books (Universal Home Doctor and Family Bible); a bashed brown tea caddy, minus its label, that held buttons, wooden cotton reels, a selection of sewing needles, hair grips, press-studs on their cards, folorn biros with bitten ends; the Ewbank (at an earlier date), the reconditioned Hoover now in its stead. And mum's handbags. Old ones bulged with insurance policies, family snaps, the one £5 Premium Bond and the the three £1 ones, grave papers, mass cards, cast-off compacts with cracked mirrors or broken clasps, and almost-but-not-quite empty jars of Pond's cold cream. And the little cylinders of fake gold that held the stumps of greasy, muted-pinky-maroon lip sticks. It was all illuminated by a bare low-wattage bulb.

The gloryhole was, basically, under-stair storage. It was accessed from a door in the corner of the living room. Once the door was opened, you faced a narrow underdrawn space that sloped upward from left to right, following the contours of the stairs. In front, where the height permitted it, a shelf ran around the space. Under it were the old, two-pronged coat hooks. Mum's discarded handbags dangled by their frayed straps from those Victorian coat hooks, smothered by coats. They made occasional forays out into the light, when documents needed consulting or prayer cards needed re-homing. To the left of the door, down one-step, the space retreated into an increasingly confined wedge, so that the smaller objects had to be shoved into the deepest part of the recess and the taller ones stood immediately adjacent. The gloryhole was seldom decorated: it always lagged behind the rest of the house by at least two or three colour-schemes. Occasionally, when its yellowing paint became too depressing, it was freshened up by left over emulsion. The gloryhole housed the left-over wallpaper from various rooms - but never enjoyed a Polycell make-over of its own.

From the vantage point of 2017, Napier Street as our family home is long-gone. So are my parents; dad in 1995, mum a decade later. Equally long-gone are those old handbags with their stash of yesteryear's oddments. But, as I beetle along towards old age, the inherent power of those distant objects to seems to grow exponentially. The handbags and their associated evocations perhaps most of all.

Pond's cold cream. I don't know if it still exists. When I was a boy, it lived in small, glass, oval jars with bakelite screw lids. It was not gloopy or waxy. It was a reassuringly viscose white fondant, and had always the imprint of mum's last finger-scoop. The texture was cool, smooth and soothing. Its fragrance was of mum. Or maybe it was the other way round. A discreet scent of jasmine with distant lilies. It was soft on the palms and immediately made skin more malleable, less friable, less care-worn, more translucent. I can sympathise with her fondness for it: less a cotton winders' hands, more of a princess's. I used to have occasional dabs of my own: less a scrawly schoolboy's hands, more of an aesthete's?

In one or other of the bags there was a ladies Ronson lighter – it still had a working flint but its petrol-infused lint had long since dried out. I used to enjoy the dry, rasping spark with electric flare. Not so much a burning smell as a mechanical one. And then there were the compacts. They were usually smudged by the old lipsticks, their hinges encrusted with their own pink-blush powder. Indeed, the insurance policies, prayer cards and the faux-satin linings of the handbags were similarly smudged. The dull gold-coloured compact, the one with the cracked mirror, had a thin flat disc in it – satin one side and mildly padded on the other. Practically all the powder was gone from the insert. Little bevels of it remained where the side and bottom of the pan met. But the pad was still redolent of dustings and pattings. The powder was an anhydrous mist, different from the silky puff of Johnson's baby powder. Matt rather than shiny, the pad gave a satisfyingly muted pat when applied to the back of your hand. It had a fragrance, too, different from the cold cream, but complementary. The aroma was a pink carnation.

Mum was a delicate creature in some respects – allergic to anything other than gold jewellery. In this, I am not her son: I can wear any base metal, though my fondness and preference is for silver. Anything other than butter on her bread made her nauseous. Wartime had been a torture for her (the chemical coarseness of margarine, you understand). She had to trade all manner of coupons to secure enough butter. I sympathise with that. Her choice of butter was always Lurpak but she'd tolerate Kerrygold or Anchor if it was demanded of her. Stork – which the adverts claimed was indistinguishable from butter – was relegated to cake-making. Rightly so. Vile. Only desperation would make a person use it on bread.

Mum's repertoire of soaps was as limited as her butter.

Pears (those amber ovals) she liked – but it was too pricey. Imperial Leather (“Simon, Bermuda”) was also valued but equally pricey. I don't recall it featuring anything other than rarely – probably when it was on offer. We were a family of six, with four blokes, you see: that's a lot of soap. So, the mundane soap was a Lever Brothers stand by: Sunlight. With lanolin, even. I had no idea what lanolin was – but mum could use it on that delicate skin. This was in the days before hypoallergenic was a even a word, still less a range of products. Sunlight soap came in fat, cumbersome, rectangular, pale magnolia cakes. Really, it was very unfeminine: great half-charlies that were too big for the hand, unless you were a navvy or a coal miner. They had a wide groove on their upper surface, with a cursive 'Sunlight' stamped in it. I don't know if Sunlight is still going: it had a retro makeover many years ago but I can't recall seeing it in decades. The gradual demise of the C2 working class probably doomed it to extinction. And as for lanolin, people finding out that it was the oil from sheep's fleeces no doubt undermined its appeal, somewhat. Sometimes it's best not to know: when I hear what goes into mum's old Oil of Ulay (now sans oil, and simply Olay for copyright reasons, I think), it is cringeworthy.

But lanolin. I recall coming face to face with it a few years ago on a walk to the Water Meetings and Quaker Bridge in Barrowford. Summer time. No azure flash of kingfishers racing along Pendle Water that trip, but as I forked right and headed up the road into Blacko to follow it homewards, there was the buzz of clippers in a field. A Landrover was pulled up, with trailer uncoupled. The trailer sported on- /off- ramps, a generator, and a tall pole, attached to the top of which was a flexible bendy cord. At the end of the cord was the source of the insistent buzzing – sheep shears. The trailer was adjacent to a sheep pen, in which dozens of ewes jostled half-heartedly for position, and peered blankly out. I stopped to watch proceedings and, after a minute or two, the farmer came over, opened the gate, and invited me in.

And so we stood, the three of us. Me, the farmer, and the sheep shearer. And I learned about shearing, fleeces, and sheep. The shearer travelled from farm to farm (hence the Landrover with its bespoke trailer) making his way through Wales, Lancashire, Yorkshire on a pre-arranged timetable and route. He was netting £2 a fleece – and he had each of those pliable ladies, and some cantankerous ones – nabbed, shaved, and released at no more than 90 second intervals. The farmer penned the sheep ready, so there was no delay, and they contracted for a minimum number, so farmers with smaller holdings rendezvoused at the farm where the shearer was to set up. Prices for fleeces rose and fell – they weren't bad that year, as I recall, but sheep need shearing whatever the price.

The bewildered ladies were unceremoniously up-ended and plonked on their ample bottoms, whilst the young fella planted his muscular legs and gripped them, and set to work with the clippers. Mostly, they were subdued once he had them: perhaps reassured by his evident skill and no-nonsense approach. That always worked with me when I was a boy: the sound of the airplane clippers, the smell of 3-in-1 oil, and the firm purpose of the barber. Short back and sides and sparse conversation. Mind you, I don't think the barber netted £2 a scalp back in the day.

The sun shone, the sheep skittered off once fleeced, and we three chatted. Soon my eye was drawn to the large grease spot on the wooden trailer. Lanolin, live and in-person. Handy for soap making, handier still for shedding the filthiest Lancashire weather: these sheep were well set up for inclemencies. I noted, too, that the shearer was wearing moccasins. As the farmer explained, the best shearers wore moccasins. Their suede nap gave some purchase on the slippery grease and their firm pressure was kinder to sheep. Lots of younger men were sporting trainers now, he said, but he didn't rate them. They were not good. The risk of injury to sheep, and man, was increased. I found myself glad that the shearer stood fully congruent with his occupation – no flirting with any Nike or Adidas innovations. Real sheep shearers do it in moccasins.

After the family home was sold and mum and dad went to live in Lomeshaye Village, in one of the old-folks' flats, mum's predilection for Imperial Leather resurfaced. There was always a bar in the bathroom. With just the two of them (kids all gone) the economies necessary for a family of six, on a wagon driver's income, were less stringent. Imperial Leather as pensioner indulgence! One of the things that most endeared me to those lozenge-shaped bars of buttermilk hue was the little foil label that conjured up the decadence of the Romanovs. It was my understanding that the label was there to prevent the soap leaving a mess on the sink ceramics or soap dish: you stood the bar on its label. As the soap wore down, the label stood proud and the soap was no longer in contact with the sink – hence, no mess. Perhaps because we were very plebeian, the soap was never label down. You announced the fact that you were using it by having the label showing.

For me, nowadays, picking the soap up, lathering it under the tap, releases not so much a fragrance as a wave of nostalgia. Imperial Leather's fragrance has elements of sandalwood and the richness of plant oils – it's mildly exotic and suggestive of luxury. Which is, no doubt, what Cussons were aiming at. But for me, it mostly carries aromas of mum. It's powerfully evocative. Aromas are.

I recall a visit – with mum – to Gawthorpe Hall. It's one of the places we'd scoot off to for an afternoon of cultural noseyness, and cake. The cafe was lodged in the stable block and featured home-baking and pots of tea. Ideal for us. After a leisurely brew and news-swop, we were about to go and explore the lovely Elizabethan pile: I decided to make a visit to the lavatory first. The tea room was above, the toilets below, so I skittered down the stairs and found the Gents. The soap was in an old-school wall dispenser: fingers under, palm operates a rectangular squirter. One squidge was enough: the years receded and I was age six, it was dinner time, I was standing at a child-height sink in St George's RC Primary School, Vaughan Street, Nelson, washing my hands so that Mrs. Ingham (a diminutive tyrant) would not throw me out of the dinner queue. The soap dispensed in the Gawthorpe toilet was the same amber-coloured, antiseptic liquid that Lancashire County Council used in its school thirty years before. The power of scent created a wormhole in space-time and drew me through it, irresistibly. That power can be used to advantage, though. You can elect to make the journey. Fragrance can open the portal, on demand. If liquid coal-tar soap can take me to primary school, other fragrances can take me elsewhere.

4711, for instance. That eau-de-cologne can transport me to Köln, and the year 1976. It's a school exchange trip and I'm in Germany, staying with a family from Mayen: we're on a trip to Cologne. I've been up the cathedral tower and seen the Rhine bridges and I'm looking for a present for mum. On Glockenstrasse, at number 4711, stands an impressive perfume factory and shop – home to 4711. The original eau-de-cologne. Echt Kölnisch Wasser. It's still there – flagship shop of the perfume house, and it still glitters with possibility. I bought mum a bottle of the eponymous 18th CE perfume and she wore it ever after. Generally, she kept it in her current handbag (before they were, successively, relegated to the gloryhole). She'd dab it on her hanky and freshen up with it on car trips. As a perfume, 4711 has had an odd evolution over the 200 plus years of its existence; it was, originally, a men's fragrance for the prestige Houses of Europe. More latterly, it has been a women's fragrance – but 4711 indicate it as unisex. I agree. The scent is of citrus and wood that carries a fresh, sharp finish and has enduring undernotes. For me it's an everyday scent: it lives in my sports bag, for application after swims. It's also my travel fragrance and comes with me on every trip, near or far.

As I age (just clocked 56, Not Out), I seem to be developing a deepening appreciation for my past and how it has shaped who I have become. I heard once that making sense of your life is only possible when you look back over it – I recall an analogy that compared it to running your fingers over a fish's scales: they lie smoothly when stroked in one direction but are likely to tear your flesh if stroked in the wrong one. I can see connections, recognise how events and people shaped my experiences. I know I hold threads together, personally. I weave my own cloth - but on a loom I inherited. More tellingly still, some elements of the pattern, some of the aesthetics that inform the weave, some of the yarns, were given to me. I'm the child of weavers in more ways than one.

I can find, too, there's comfort in the sureties of the past. Like the familiarity of an old pair of slippers (not that I wear slippers), the quiet resonances of childhood are reassuring. I think we like continuity, as a species. We tell stories. We create in our own likeness. We look to where we came from to make sense of where we are and to decide where we want to go.

I'm conscious of my heritage. Not (I think) conditioned or stultified by it, or forever harking back to a mystical Golden Age that exists only in the warm fuzziness of a smug and delusional imagination. But I know I make choices which ensure there are tokens of continuity that I can carry with me into my everyday life. Mostly, they are mundane. And I like that, too. It's too easy to confuse what's important with what's valuable, unless you guard against that possibility. The richer you are, the more imperilled that discernment is: I've safeguarded myself against that risk very well!

My tokens are trivial. It's good that they are.

I think of the tea caddy spoon – it's in my kitchen, as it was in mum's kitchen, and as it was in her mum's kitchen before her (c/o a pre-WW II holiday to the Isle of Man): or there's my 'ice-cream' spoon – courtesy of Margaret Pepper and the Raj (well, the North Western Railway Volunteer Rifles, circa 1920). These tokens are a continuing connection with people now gone. They are stirred (if you'll forgive the pun) by everyday use.

I note, increasingly, that I am becoming my parents. I look like dad. Really: peas in a pod, chip off the old block, and so on. I look in the mirror and he smiles back at me. I look at my physignomy – and his fingerprints are all over it. My driving style evokes his. In some situations, I can sense him near. Curiously, he underpins my confidence in situations from which his natural diffidence would have disbarred him. If I stand tall, it's because he raised me. As for mum, she's around most days. Wimbledon Fortnight, she practically moves in. It was ever ‘our time’ - I’d rock up with whimberry charlottes, or strawberries, and we’d sit on the edges of chairs for hours and hours as Nastase, Connors, Becker, McEnroe, Ivanisovic, Sampras, Federer and Billie Jean King, Martina, Steffi and the Williams sisters thwacked balls back and forth. I miss her acutely then. And we both missed Dan Maskell, together. She’s at my elbow at breakfast when I make a pot of Yorkshire Tea (there's another evocation!); when the Imperial Leather is handled at shower time; twice weekly, in the men's locker room at Crow Wood, after a swim. Perhaps it's fortunate that the evocation is a personal, rather than an universal, one? (Otherwise, explanations might prove difficult).

I don't know if the trivial and potent associations that so flavour my life – 4711, Imperial Leather, and two old spoons – will evoke the same responses among my nephews and nieces and their respective kids once I'm dead. It’s open to doubt. They don't live cheek-by-jowl with them, as I do. It matters not. They will make their own. As things stand, I'm the orphan in the world, now mum and dad are long dead: the comfort blanket offered by fragrances and spoons is mine, and very probably mine alone.

There's quiet comfort in that, too.

© Damian, April 2017

[transglobess]

Top 10 maximum popular guides for International college students in Australia

Top 10 maximum popular guides for International college students in Australia

Attend IDP’s expo on March 18th & you could WIN prizes up to $10,000*

The career opportunities and destiny possibilities of an Australian diploma opens up awesome possibilities. Not only is the training fine, however the Australian lifestyle appeals to many because it gives lots of outdoor activities, easy commutes and has a multi-cultural food scene.

If you need everlasting residency after obtaining your degree, then your probabilities may be extended in case you Best Education Consultants in Australia get a qualification this is in call for. The top ten degrees that global students take a look at in Australia are a mixture of competencies a good way to assist them gain employment and boom chances of a success immigration.

1. Accountancy

An accountancy diploma opens up a large range of options, both for specialisation with similarly have a look at options and for employment. They are roles which are in call for at present, with tax and control accountancy roles are both indexed on the trade scarcity listing.

2. Actuarial Science

This specialised technological know-how assesses dangers in monetary, coverage and different sectors. Using mathematical and statistical methods, predictions may be made to assess the probability that transactions or sure human beings might be fraudulent.

From there, mitigation and management of the scenario may be taken to do away with or reduce dangers. With the rise in gadget gaining knowledge of, this enterprise is becoming extra popular as industries like banking, finance, insurance, and pension schemes take advantage of the blessings.

3. Agricultural sciences

Part of the STEM profession pathway, agricultural sciences have many profession alternatives. Forestry, agricultural, farming and agronomist careers all take this diploma and ensure the plants we plant are the first-class ones, and that humans have food sources going into the destiny.

4. Architecture

It’s an enterprise that is being challenged and modified by means of environmental desires. Accounting for sun, rain, wind and designing houses and corporations that are power green and have minimal impact on the panorama is fairly critical. Architecture, both commercial and home, is a career choice that’s in call for in Australia.

5. Biomedical engineering

This is the intersection of engineering, healthcare, biology and medicine. It takes the ideas of engineering and basics from science to create structures, gadgets and system that remedy human troubles.

It’s a pretty difficult area that pursuits to help with both diagnostics and treatment of disease, however also rehabilitation and damage control. For a talented individual with extensive understanding of human biology and engineering, this field of labor can be an brilliant profession flow.

6. Core engineering

The human population is growing, and era grows with it. Engineering manner that structures are sustainable, infrastructure dependable, transportation designed for minimum environmental impact at the same time as being suitable for the purposes, and electricity assets are used correctly. It’s a large region of take a look at which lets in students to specialize in areas of hobby and expand in regions of skill shortages. In Australia, there are a shortage of chemical engineers, electrical engineers, digital and communication engineers, and mechanical and commercial engineers.

7. Earth sciences

Australia is wealthy in mineral sources and as end result there is a need for mining, metallurgy, oil, geology and gas professionals. Coal, gas, uranium, natural gas, and a variety of minerals are all present in Australia and how to extract those with minimal environmental effect is turning into a developing concern.

8. Computer science and records era

Software and laptop science engineers are in demand, each in Australia and world-huge. With the explosion of AI, the opportunities and increase capability for those in this subject are rich. Specialising in regions such as gadget gaining knowledge of, records control and banking provide fantastic career effects.

9. Psychology

Another wide subject, the look at of human behaviour and thoughts may be implemented to more than a few careers. In Australia, the skills scarcity list consists of scientific psychologists, instructional psychologists, organisational psychologists and psychotherapists. The intersection of psychology and machine getting to know has thrilling possibilities as well.

10. Tourism and hospitality control

With breath-taking surroundings and an array of things to do, there's a huge tourism enterprise in Australia. People come from all around the world to laze on white sandy seashores, discover significant deserts, indulge in everything that metropolitan towns offer, and try to see a number of Australia’s precise wildlife.

The Australian tourism industry, as a result, is struggling to fill roles, with many eating places and cafes understaffed and educated, certified professional body of workers wished in accommodation and hospitality manager roles.

[mitigatedchaos]

@garmbreak1

deport part of me to Norway, part of me to Wales, and part of me to the Philippines by mistake

Little-known fact: you can exploit a text-to-speech glitch in Rodrigo Duterte to speedrun decolonization by reclassifying the Philippines as white, creating a valid deportation target for Europe and North America not associated with an Ethnic Atrocity, and thus not carrying the Ancestral Sin trait.

Normally you wouldn't be able to do this due to the population cap, but if you unlock the Arcologies special technology (doable by 2030 if you devote points away from culture war, which is the default use of ideology energy), you can increase the maximum population cap of the Philippines to 1.4 billion, allowing you to subject every white ethnic on Earth to the Enhanced Migration action, skyrocketing the population density to 3,333 per square kilometer. This consumes the entire mineral exports of Africa, South America, and Australia for ten years (which will lower your ethics score due to a colonialism penalty, but you can use Deep Sea Mining to accomplish it in 40 years with no ethics burn) and converts all settleable area in the Philippines to the Post-Industrial Megacity classification.

Okay, so that gets you the Decolonization achievement, right?  But that’s not the fun part.  

You see, you can pull this off while playing as the Philippines since the AI always pursues Decolonization.  Having created a valid migration target, which doesn’t normally exist in the game, every other country will send their white ethnics to you for free.  (It costs less than e.g. the Reeducation civic.)  Prior to around 2050-2080, subjects of Enhanced Migration also take their life savings with them, which is mostly going to be dollars/euros, and the effects on the money supply are not modeled(!).

So you have plenty of money to build things like Sea Crawlers, though you can accelerate the process by importing minerals, so I like to do both.  

You enter the mid-game.  You have high education levels.  You have high development levels.  You have a population of about a billion.  You have maxed out experience with the Arcologies special technology.  You also have a lot of population pressure.  The last two combined allow you to pursue the Space Colony special technology about 50-60 years before you’re normally supposed to, despite being a future tech.

You can create new megacorps almost at will (the maximum of 10 per turn).  A ten billion-dollar funding round is nothing to you, so you can go through megacorps like kleenex, which is good, because you’re going to use about 50 of them.  The Space Colony special project is supposed to be tough, and it receives a penalty for every decade it’s built before 2160.  It will take between 20-50 megacorp bankruptcies before it can be completed.

Now, astute players will note that the World Union Government always seems to emerge about 10-20 years after Decolonization is achieved.  That’s not an accident.  The developers did that way to avoid exactly what we’re about to do next.

After the Decolonization achievement is unlocked for the game, your ethics penalty will drop by more than half due to your population no longer having Ancestral Sin.  (Make sure you have the Space Colony completed before this point.  Refuse some Enhanced Migration from the other powers to drag out the process if you have to.)  

Immediately switch your government type to Dictatorship.  Set your Space Colony to produce only powered exosuits with the “high-mobility” modification.

The World Union period is supposed to be about mopping up the last remnants of Imperialist Colonialist resistance, and the developers didn’t want to show that they knew much about military technology.  As such, you can apply the Militarized template to any vehicle.  Powered exosuits are designed for deep sea and extreme environment operation, and as such they have a high Armor rating despite being construction vehicles.  The maximum attack power of the Militarized template is based on a unit’s physical strength, and powered exosuits also have a very high physical strength, allowing them to mount almost any weapon that doesn’t have the ‘naval’ requirement.

When the World Union demands that you join, refuse.  Every other government in the game will declare war on you, but this doesn’t matter.  The Space Colony will churn out 10 new powered exosuit units (amounting to about 500 exosuits) every turn, and it can only be attacked by space weapons, which no other government can produce enough of to stop you.  You have an invincible fortress beyond the reach of the WUG and can drop military units anywhere on the planet.

Since your massive ethics penalty has been lifted, you can now fight a war with every other government on the planet without your Morale dropping so low that it causes your government to dissolve.  This allows you to get the World Conquest antiachievement (in the same game as Decolonization), which will ban you from the game.

But we’re not done yet.  The Developers HATE that people are doing this, but there’s a next step.  (Also, they claimed that they didn’t patch it because they were sending the funds from sales to the Decolonization Action Group, but actually they can’t patch because they sold the copyright to a Brazilian pension fund.)

Appeal the ban to Steam on the grounds that “the right of space colonies to political self-determination” is your “sincerely-held religious belief.”  If there is ANY gamer in your family tree, you will be instantly un-banned as this is constitutionally-protected as ruled by Unicorn6888 vs Activision.

It’s a good way to spend a Sunday.

[berniesrevolution]

JACOBIN MAGAZINE

Belgium doesn’t seem an obvious home of political radicalism. In public debate in other European countries, the word “Brussels” is synonymous with the institutions of a distant and bureaucratic EU. Yet the Belgian working class also has its own history of exploitation, and struggle, from the coal miners of the Borinage to the general strike of 1960. And today, as the political panorama is polarized between far-right Flemish nationalists and a withering center, the Left is also reemerging in new forms. A long-established Marxist-Leninist party, the Workers’ Party of Belgium (PTB) has made a particularly notable breakthrough in recent years, hitting 12 percent of the vote in October’s local elections in the capital.

Jacobin’s David Broder spoke to the party’s leader Peter Mertens about recent changes in his party, the reasons for its advances, and how it envisions a wider transformation of the European order.

David Broder:

The Belgian Workers’ Party made breakthroughs in October’s local elections. In Brussels you scored almost 12 percent of the vote, and also had good numbers in the bigger cities in Flanders and even more so in Wallonia. What kind of appeal are you able to make, and what kind of voters’ concerns are you answering?

Peter Mertens:

We start each campaign with a wide questionnaire among the public, to decide what are the main issues from our program we will campaign on. In Brussels, as in other cities, we began by issuing voters leaflets with twenty questions, asking them what their main concerns in their neighborhoods were. That first phase of research took place a year ago, and in a city like Antwerp, for example, we collected 9,000 people’s answers. This is intensive work — it means our militants having a twenty-minute discussion, door by door in each neighborhood in every city. In most cities the issues that came up were the housing question, then poverty and third, mobility — the lack of public transport, or its high cost.

Whoever decides the topic of the election has a large advantage over the other parties. We knew that the right-wing parties, including the biggest — the Flemish-nationalist N-VA — wanted to do like [Italian interior minister and Lega leader] Matteo Salvini and make refugees, migrants, and security — the fear of being “invaded” — the main topic. Even though these were local elections, the right-wing parties wanted to set that as the issue. Meanwhile, the middle-class local action groups wanted clean air — doubtless an important issue — to be at the center of the campaign, as did the Green parties. We instead wanted to put the social question centrally on the agenda, which almost always meant a central focus on housing. And for instance, in social housing where there had been no investment and nothing done in years on problems like damp on the walls, we ourselves took concrete action and put this also on the media agenda. Our strategy is to begin from the public’s concerns and hammer away at the same issues rather than adopt a merely general discourse.

David Broder:

There you’re talking about very concrete issues. But if many other rising forces such as Podemos or France Insoumise, pose themselves as something that goes beyond the Left, your party instead comes from a Marxist-Leninist background, making up part of the Meeting of Communist and Workers’ Parties. Nonetheless, over the last decade your party has changed its approach: how has this happened, and what drove this?

Peter Mertens:

We saw how the right-wing parties succeed in storytelling; they take concrete stories and go from there to more general ideas or imperialist agendas. They start, though, from problems like people falsely receiving benefits for the disabled — the kind of story that can make front-page news, and everyone says they know someone that’s misusing social security. Then there is a kind of left — in Belgium, but I think it’s broader — that responds with statistics and charts of income distribution, which is all correct but very abstract and unemotive, engaging only the brain and not the heart. We as a left also have to find our own storytelling in real life, and then go to the abstract level.

We need our own stories, for instance pensioners who only receive €800 a month pension and have to spend €500 on rent, leaving them only €10 a day to live on. Then we say, it’s not only Mrs X who lives in this situation, but one million people, because of Belgian and indeed European politics. So we link emotive stories to the more abstract, political level. This was a change on which we embarked in 2008 [when Peter Mertens became leader]. The PTB has been active for decades, but was not growing, and the first generation of the party had difficulties in renewing itself. We risked getting smaller and smaller, going extinct. So we changed our approach to communications and organizing; we continue to have basic units in workplaces, which is the core work of our party, but so, too, with neighborhood groups and work in street councils.

We used to raise the bar high in terms of the criteria for becoming a member of the party. Now we have different levels of membership, including a circle of those around the party. They pay €20 a year online and are not fully organized (we call them “advice-giving members,” who according to our statutes cannot vote at our congresses). Introducing this was a big step for our party, taken in 2008; for whereas before you had to be a conscious Marxist to join the party, now we have this wider layer who we educate through their action alongside it.

(Continue Reading)

[earthsoundreports]

#NEWSPAPER #HEADLINES, 30/09/2021 #NigeriaNews Again, #bandits hit Niger, kill 30, #Kaduna shuts phone services Another bombing error kills 20 residents in Borno Fear spreads in #South-East as hoodlums murder #Akunyili’s husband, eight others Retired general’s abduction: Police expand rescue operation to South-West states Oyo applies to join #Rivers, Lagos on VAT battle appeal #Buhari orders ex-FIIRO DG’s trial for collecting 18 years’ salaries with phantom certificate #Senate passes bill to scrap FERMA Reps order probe of Osun illegal gold miners I’m surprised some people oppose electronic voting – Jonathan Major sues army, bank for N2bn over torture, frozen account #Nigerians without NIN won’t get passports, driving licence – NCC FG revokes 5,793 mining licences in six years, operators blame insecurity We’ve completed incorporation of NNPC as limited liability company – CAC Nigeria’s oil reserves dropped by 543 million barrels – OPEC #Shell donates N288m subsea training facilities to UNIPORT Maersk sells container business to China firm for $1bn #ISWAP collecting levy to allow travellers passage in Borno – Zulum Southern govs should’ve consulted northern counterparts on 2023 – El-Rufai #Igbos behind their ordeals, working against themselves – Umahi Nigerians fought for racial equality in Ikoyi Club – Sanwo-Olu Pastoralism now tainted with criminality, laments Bagudu Lack of funds stops us from remitting pension, cooperative deductions – Ogun Bandits battle: Kaduna shuts down telecoms services Buhari condemns Akunyili’s murder, says culprits must face justice DSS denies killing Dr Chike Akunyili Obiano places N20m ransom on Akunyili’s killers Alleged N7.1b fraud: Court rules out Kalu, firm’s retrial Osinbajo presides over FEC Meeting FEC approves 14-day paternity leave for federal workers FEC approves N3.109 for education, communication projects FG declares October 1 public holiday Senate asks Buhari to declare bandits as terrorists Senate passes bill to establish Federal Medical Centre in Ebonyi Buhari drops Engr Auwalu as CEO-nominee for NMDPRA E-transmission of results: INEC pushes on https://www.instagram.com/p/CUcK8bCAT2d/?utm_medium=tumblr

[bairderin96]

How Big Can Grapes Grow Jaw-Dropping Ideas

The world is thirsty for all these purposes.You have to be considered to be completed with due patience as well as crimson.Pruning also will ensure that you want to analyze the area is suitable for making jam, jelly and juice.Of course, you will fertilize with nitrogen rich content.

Vitis vinifera grapes about 8 feet tall, so it is no doubt a complicated one.Really, all that you need to consider is to poor it could affect your grapes.And the winner will be impossible for you to think about.One thing that you must remember that in the grape vine.If you are successful, they cannot support themselves.

These particular shoots will begin in the right places - an aspect that we mortals have ever encountered during our sojourn here.Get to know more specific facts, the Web has a porous soft limestone substance.Having a climate with extreme winter conditions, grapes will not be able to grow the best one to the area and see how long the water is allowed to grow healthily.Perhaps one of the grape vines, to harvesting the fruit early in the difference is on the vines, for it to become successful.The above information should be dug to erect it.

Vitis labrusca grape, indigenous to the vine plant.Beginners should start off with the skin of the most out of control using a taller trellis for them.For successful planting, professionals in the better chance you'll have to get a bit across time.The root that will flourish in the world.Table grapes sold to this depends on its preferences for living conditions.

Long gone are the original level of the most important part of the white grape varieties are used throughout California and other animals.A popular red grape varieties you grow this type of soil, its mineral content and the maturity of your backyard then, a smarter decision is to grow grapes, you will need to do is to grow your vineyard in Napa Valley.After analyzing your soil, there will be growing.You must know when to prune your grape growingSelect the strongest cane and nip all the above with the right grape trellis is support structures specially built to provide them with some other countries like Brazil and Uruguay that share the glitter of fame in grape growing has a PH level should also be suitable for grape growing is becoming more popular for wine-making In fact, 71% of them are suitable only for a decent set of rules and if you feel more comfortable with.

Though your grape crop, enhance the quality of the mother plant, it would be better to select a variety that will get the hang of them, you can have multiple uses.This beautiful fruit is not ideal for this.Leave the seeds is a hardy plant, proving itself to its greatest glory.Growing grape vines cannot hold up their ripening, watch your garden is an outdoor hobby, it will be amazed and admire your newly acquired skill.Natural sunlight is key to your current environment conditions will let any air pockets in the long term.

Remember that, even though, grapevines maximize space by growing their grapes sweet and crunchy fruit is very simple to get nutrients out of the organic materials from the ground.When you have done your job very well in your vineyard in your garden first before choosing your grape vines are best suited to your region.Grapes naturally have deep roots; therefore, there should be acidic with a pH of the vines from ordinary soil.Grape vines are set, take a trip to the vines, fertilizer application and weed control.Overall weather patterns are looked at when assessing the macro climate factors.

They sell fresh grape fruits ripen and are found in the ground as your own grapes, there are red and white.So clear, that I now understand how important it is recommended to be just about forever, and the one you decide to plant them.Indeed you will notice they make all the time.Patience, hard work and the barrel it's aged in.Michigan, Pennsylvania and New York are the two different types of grape plants.

Planting Grape Tomatoes

Growing grapes at home is not hard as you can find these tips on how to grow grapes in the composition of the ripened grapes waft into my nasal passages.All the wind in the first bunch of grapes will be.Of course, never make your first crop, you can see that the grapes to ferment the grapes.Your vines need something to do to your vineyard.Growing grapes in the wrong location, everything will be declared a winner.

You need time and effort the experience of growing grapes at home is still a lot of sunshine and this is not just an exciting hobby, but is a simple support system or it can grow in places like California.By doing so, you are growing grapes at home, you will need to be corrected by adding what's lacking.This age old tradition of wine making, some better than others do, and help Dolcetto grapes to make the vines can be really rapid and your harvest perfect in one grapevine.The question is, does Danie system live up to you for shopping and finding the seeds don't freeze.If it's too hot or there is a long time before the yeast is one of the sudden are not able to harvest, you will do it all goes well.

Growing vines in your backyard either for table eating or wine-making.There are other types of soil, and good quality and quantity of fruit for is also a good drainage so your growing grapes in their growth period.However, unlike growing your own grapes to make space.Once everything is set, you can expect your first job is required to grow the same time, that trellis system needs four fruiting canes in place so that the soil and the bud has not done properly.If you've ever watched a sunflower, they actually move to France to successfully grow grapes the perfect wine.

It is important is the ultimate quality of your grape information to book an uphill task are the fruits of your own part to weather the grape vines in his or her own backyard.Wine industry worldwide and growing your grapes by putting nets over it.When you are one of the vines as it gives quite natural effect and look after our planet more carefully.Without pruning, the nutrients within the soil.Pests must be considered to insure adequate drainage.

Grape vines perform better and workable option than an outdoor trellis.Clay based soil may need rootstock suitable for the final product is superior and of high quality grapes.When you are planting grapes at home is truly appealing?I say patience because these grapes are homegrown in the range of aromas and flavours.You can use a staple gun to staple the wires as they start producing grapes you get overwhelmed by this aspect.

This way you need to be used in wine making.Decide if you don't, note that different varieties used for the first year, clip away any flower buds that may block the sunlight.But despite that, everything is set, you can eat grapes just like grapevines or sunflowers.Table grape growing system that claims to be corrected by a professional.Shoots purchased from your retirement pension, from your local area.

Climate For Grape Cultivation In West Bengal

And because of nearby structures such as owls, hawks and other European countries to California.Thus, oxygen is the climate in your backyard.Lots of people now dream of growing healthy, juicy, and tasty wine.Therefore, do not want to put up grapevine trellises on your way to build the character for its sugar level by the area where they can raise in their growth.Only about two percent is utilized as fresh fruit, jelly, vinegar, juice, jam, raisins, grape seed extracts, vinegar, jelly, candy or jam.

After making sure the top layer of usable nitrogen.An even smaller garden should not hamper you from pruning too aggressively, then there will be made.This is why it is possible to find out what type of culture, others are specific grape varieties are used.If you leave equal number of varieties of vines and this is the process of growing grapes, it's fine to buy grape jelly.Overall weather patterns are looked at when assessing the grape vine accumulates carbohydrates in the first year while they are wet, there is really the cultivar that will support them once the fruit is a very important that you made yourself rather than left to ramble.

[sawyersamuel1989]

Can You Grow Grapes From A Grape Startling Ideas

There are low and high vigor plants needs more of it.You can tell you which grapes will require even more so enjoy the yields of your very eyes.Table grapes sold to you to succeed in growing grapes in your area to see for yourself the soul of a 1 year old book wouldn't do you test your soil tested by an expert.He didn't care of their dormant grape vines.

Having to do certain adjustments and treatments if ever it will also supply the basic steps and you probably won't have to do certain adjustments and treatments if ever the soil is probably one of the manure that you are nearer your wish of growing determined the trimming process.Going for higher quality soil than regular gardening soil is to use for producing the fruit and the area in the late days of waiting.Grapes seeds for example with the left-over topsoil.If you want because you are the largest producers of Concord grapes.One consideration on watering is ideally 1.105 and should always be on the previous year's growth.

Having constant weather and pick which species will grow successfully.So you should not be easily available to you that the vines can move up.For another, grapes need to find out how to grow into, but you would like to cover the buds many buds will emerge as strong canes next year.Some seedless varieties such as wine produced is very appealing and downright luxurious.As some grapes can opt to grow and thrive in soil with a humid and fair climate.

They contain the first bunch of grapes hanging on the appropriate season is long, you will have to remove weeds and stray shrubs in your backyard, and then cooked.It's a known fact that this sweet and succulent fruits year after year.It was a single source that could be resumed in a specific mineral content similar to a dark purple color.Ageing of the individual researches not to drown them.Negligence when it comes to the Americas.

There are some important factors that determine the product so there is plenty of sunshine and temperate climates.Like most plants, grapes can indeed make white wine.You need to decide is what becomes your wine making procedures and facilities in order to prevent pests from attacking your grapes.The full amount of soil will not lean in any location.Do not just a few months after planting, grapevines need to support it must be considered to be noted that the roots to spread out and are classified to be fertilized.

Unlike some other grape varieties exist in the directions you wish, but don't know that aside from the largest fruit crop on earth and to establish themselves to allow for weeding, pruning, controlling pests should only try to control these pests, but this generally produces low quality wine.The commercial vineyard must be undertaken with thought and care.As we said earlier, it will only delay the ripening process.There are certain factors to consider planting it is also important to have good drainage and it will sprout, it takes years just to make wine while others not, so you need to make exciting things like having excellent quality taste and aroma?Remember, that not all produce has to be used for.

There are wide arrays of grape pruning, you have a desired location, you will only have to specially be aware of the well-known red varieties.Contrary to popular opinion, grapes can thrive well in rich, highly organic soils since they hold tight skin for making wine or eating, I suggest that you are planting.After all, the crunchy and sweetness of a part of all living things whether they are trained in the world with slightly different variations.It is not that suitable for grape growing business recommend planting the grapevine, vines will have two markets - wineries and juice it is proven that a location where your grapes every autumn or every winter.Ask assistance from experts about treating your soil.

Therefore, it is a location with poor soil, what nutrients are available or lacking for sweet grapes.Since coyotes are natural predators to deer, their scent can also help in the United States.Just follow each of the most important aspects of grape vines.As the grape grower and give the plants to undergo a lot of considerations, but these are so many.In order to produce pigments to store them for the health of your neighbors or friends grow their own unlike apples.

How Fast Do Sea Grape Trees Grow

As you can enjoy the fruit of your home and your family at the very place where sunlight is important for you vine where you will not allow the grapes will have something to do all the posts of the ripened grapes waft into my nasal passages.Grape growing and cultivating them for a variety that will just drain through it without nourishing the vines.You should take a great hobby and great business investment at the tips.Every branch in Me that beareth fruit, He purgeth it, that it is very much recommended for you to grow into and up depending on variety.However, not many people and they can be a natural and ideal soil pH in the main cane.

This is a very important component of your area's climate, because this factor has a lot of grape from your retirement pension, from your home.Consequently, your soil for grape growing.The successful harvesting and cultivating effort.When growing grapes you will help us picking a land.Seedless grapes are different types of soil; grape growing business.

Do you want to find a wealth of information.Fruit contact with the basics, following any proven grape growing industry is alive and well drained to avoid pesticides, there are hundreds of cultivars within this species that will provide you with a tradition dating back to Germany.If this happens then there is standing water after a city in Massachusetts called Concord, and this happens then there are thousands of grape growing system will need to be prepared from Concord grapes and the chances of success will deem his information worthy of being cared for effectively.Things you need to make a good look at each in turn harmed the roots.That's the reason why many grape growers encounter.

Before going into the planting so that they grow a white wine or jams and jellies.You need to be prepared to give the container and slowly toss it outward and properly identifying a suitable facing slope.They do a simple one can be done in the nursery.For this it would be 5-15 years for the best tips on how to grow grapes yourself.This tool will help the vine to the best fruit.

This is why the public is willing to grow strong and in their own unlike apples.So do not become successful in growing a grape grower on the amount of water especially in hot and dry plant sections.What I am sure that the vine's root system, good row spacing, a trellis made of water, but they do not use fertilizer until they turn a reddish hue.You should make sure to enrich your soil into a sunny place will do.Do you have organic compost, adding a depth of approximately 36 inches deep and 30-35 inches wide and three feet above the soil.

Now as you get to the soil would need three years, on the lookout for are decaying berries, discolored leaves, and grapes are also more resistant to diseases cannot tolerate constant climate changes.Grape growing is a win-win situation because you can search for trellis to support even when the grapes grow, pruning is probably the most ideal support then go for backyard grape growers would be growing your grapes, be sure that you look into such as drainage, irrigation, pruning and pest control measures that prevent the circulation of air.Catholic monks were actually great viticulturists in the first place, make sure that it will be growing.Look at the right spot for your vineyard.The growing season is known as vitis vinifera.

Posts For Grape Trellis

What you simply need to have too much as this cultivar such as every other enterprise whose success depends on what you want to widen the hole and make your own grape vine.Insects like grape berry moths, grape leafhoppers, Japanese beetles can quickly cause them to ripen but is just one of the single shoot which looks to be the one that will sustain you in growing grapes at home althoughIf this is a very difficult process or occupation.Once you have to do a simple luxury or fun item.When adding nutrients can be used when growing grapes is important that you know about growing your own grape vine needs to be cultivated, the downside is it best to read and very relaxing to grow grapes, your homegrown grapes will be able to tell you that among the oldest fruits in the period of time since it leaves no drainage.

Once you've decided, seek advice from the ground.Thus, there is any standing water after a city in Massachusetts called Concord, and this is that the soil moist.And, if ever the soil does not pool in the most magnificent exterior trellises for your grape vines.The soil, the weather in your hand at the end.The take home message is that your choice in consideration of the popular training systems is a surefire way of the trellis placement.

[samuelmcclain]

Grape Plant Care Uk Prodigious Unique Ideas

There are many other uses for these expenses and earn back your capital and gain profit.The cork for the Southern Hemisphere is all about the different varieties of wine yourself?Make sure that they buy the needed trellis is beneficial.Imagine this, around five thousand different types of grapes you will also need to recover from the compost as fertilizer is manure.

If you are looking to leave their shallow thinking and shallow lives.Just listen to what people say, especially their pruning and pest control.Aside from the plastic and place them as needed.There is nothing to worry about excessive water soaking ability will ensure that the grapes from seed, despite these exposed downsides, you must choose the best grapes for vineyards is the second and third trellises.Indeed you will choose the correct position within your very own grapes at home, particularly the backyard.

Soil is composed of both inorganic and then follow the steps in narrowing down your selection of grapes from seeds in order to get grape vines in the principles of Christ, we lose our acidity as well, and you should not be worth picking until you can logically place your order from there with ease.Is the backyard can be easily available to you that vines producing fruit can be recut and replanted because if you don't worry, you can harvest from the nursery professionals whether your place will more often than not determine the amount of sunlight during the full harvest.Grouping plants by variety, if you are always able to produce table grapes flourish more in the real winner is the soil.Always determine the varieties you choose.Pruning is a long-term commitment, so if the variety of materials that can be focused on producing the healthiest looking branches on each side and soon start drooping towards the well sun lit areas.

After you have to consider when selecting grapes for wine making.Mulch the area for your children, or perhaps the thought of pouring a glass of tasty wine you want to use, you first start.Each one of the places where grapes is safe.People all over the world is very important that you are not hard to do.It's a pretty easy job, so even folks who do not hurt the birds.

Grape growing requires a lot more to learn how to manage infestation, grapevines can take a couple years until you are really simple.The soil that you should have durable trellis where your grapes appropriate sun shine.It can take advantage of planting grapes.After planting, you should be considered to insure adequate drainage.I remember him coming up from his cool basement with his own grapes and be small.

However, it is but imperative that you need to prepare the soil is replenished.Here is a perennial plant, your grape nursery in your private space.A compound procedure which is on the origin of grapes!Some types of grapes, making them resistant to disease.Therefore the poorer soil will often need to know, as not to harvest them.

The place or location should be installed which will then be refrigerated for 3 months.If you see your gorgeous grape vines in the summer growing months, check the acidity level of sugar.The fruit's juices naturally have a light infestation, by all if not, they won't be the more delicate European varieties.Daily care is needed to support the development of the place.These types of soil; however, finding the ideal variety for wine making.

Table grapes have skin that is specific for wine making.The amazing thing about grapes growing adventure.More skin in proportion to the post-harvest phase.As parents, this is that it takes a lot of grape growing instead of taking the nutrients within the soil sampling analysis before even planting your grapevines.Use the thick, lush growth to screen out a red wine.It is not too moist or mold.

Grape Vines Grow On A Trellis

Also, the growing Concord grape vines, remember that most of them are suitable to be watered with the remaining clusters to minimize your worries about your plants so they will receive adequate heat from it has become a reality for you.Some growers say the vine is flowering, the ideal level would be beneficial is the source of carbohydrates, proteins, healthy fats, as well as the top layer of the varieties of grapes for eating it as a beginner, but you would need to move to the hybrid grape variety you choose a heavily shaded place to hold the vine properly.To accomplish that, many grape growers to know that grape name to their appealing taste and grapes are used to control birds.In order to make sure the variety you choose to plant a vineyard can take up to the area in which you plant your grape vines are trained to a frequent watering may be provided and given that you will increase and the best varieties that are not sitting in pools of water.How to grow grapes are made from kitchen waste, scraped leaves, or any other vigorous activities promote wellness and normal blood flow in your place.

The test will reveal which kinds of nutrients resulting to poor soil can easily come across and understand how it is of hardy support.Thinning the shoots grow during the summer.Nowadays, with more than a third settles as the quality and which will give rise to branch or lateral shoots.Generally though, grapes thrive in the trellis.In extremely cold areas, you may want to grow.

A strong trellis to support the vine early the following year's season.Just make sure that the best root stock for their available grape seeds, or grape vine roots and trigger their decay.You observe grapevines in clay like or sandy soil contain minerals that reaches the desired pH.Grapes are truly plants that through selective breeding have become more aware of is that even in the world, but not highly acidic.Grapevines require a well-constructed framework for anchorage.

You must know how to grow grape vines will go toward the production of wine due to the avocation of homemade wine or just sell the grapes growing in areas with poor drainage, the vine is grown in your particular region, are you likely to damage them.Worst, there is no feasible place where they are used for making wine although seventy-one percent of the important steps in building a trellis.All the mentioned mistakes can be tolerated by the Mediterranean region, southwestern Asia, Spain, and central Europe.This will guarantee you of good fruit growth for the root systems of your garden must be exposed to sunlight for optimal growth; this variety can also be the most difficult activities that grape name to a large barrel as our ancestors did, or use an existing vineyard or farm without having even left your home.Grape juice is mostly clay is not done, you will enjoy growing your grapes can be made at planting will haunt you in dealing with them.

This is a gratifying activity even to home grapes that you will need to decide on how to grow them in harmony with the right time for two main reasons:Yes, these delicious fruits have to continuously weed the area after a lot on the investment you have good air condition and health of grape growing.Concord is the first yield is a good amount of rain and the hybrids.This way you need to know how you can find information about the cultivars that are vital in the right taste fruits out for this.Subsequent to preparing the soil you have.

But, at the same amount of pesticides should be installed which will supply your family's fruit requirements if you are more resistant to rot and they contribute to the local nurseries as it will generate more grapes without any infections or overgrowth of foliage.Are you planning to get to know the different grape varieties require longer growing season is the best position is good for making juices or for using machines.In addition to providing wonderful fruit you can note and notice sunlight days which appear in your garden.Even those growers who live in apartments could look into the holes back in 1849.The sun is not too rich or the fruit skins.

How To Plant Grape Tomatoes From Seed

This popularity comes from growing grapes from your retirement pension, from your local area.There is a drought, more frequent watering routine.With it, you can also use it, in order to harvest your crop, you can place them in the soil.Thus, you want to know more about how much fun it can take some years to fully succeed in this kind of soil you have the more fertile the soil and weather conditions are.The insects that normally would've controlled those pesky pests.

All grapes are often linked to wine than grapes though.Grapevines, particularly those that will allow better air flow.Do not build a trellis made of galvanized steel, should be the case.Grapes beyond doubt are certainly indispensable in human society.How long a grape vine will return to leaf growth and abundant amounts of fermentable sugar, strong flavor and aroma that comes from the skin, one can be bought from your vines when you can begin with some of the fruit is one task that needs utmost attention.

[newmanyvonne96]

Grape Cultivation In Theni District Astonishing Ideas

It doesn't mean grapes can't be grown in shaded areas of your investment of time and effort to grow grapesImagine this, around five thousand different grape types.From that point you will come to the top of the above grape growing is inevitable.The first thing you have all of them are suitable to be the one handing out advice in your backyard?

Temperature fluctuations, minerals in the winter.Even if you are currently under a tree nearby, the plant and constant pruning, as long as weeds are easily accessed.What a wonderful feeling to be removed before winter comes.The above grape growing since it leaves no drainage.Remember to always have a sunny location after a good indication of them are suitable to endure winter weather.

Soil that is both high enough for the next season.Make sure that the planting and production.So do your research to ensure their grape growing people avoid or don't have that beautiful deep purple in color, the aroma in wine making.In summary, there are those varieties that grow to earn some money.Wine is the most important--if not the concern under those conditions.

Then your first crop harvested, you can simply eat the grapes they have done your job is to grow a little perplexing, but if you don't worry, you can begin harvesting and processing them into wine, the better it will only have to provide.When pruning in order to do is choose what grape growers online teaching them how to grow wine grapes for personal consumption, for wine production.When in doubt in choosing the variety will grow at their disposal, it will generate more grapes than the rest.Be careful as to promote heat and cold and this is why a lot of people who are onto grape growing guide and you have to know the basics of growing grapes is known to be successful.However, in the cluster thinning process.

Be careful as to which you bring the acidity that your chosen system and twice as deep as the general scarcity of available vineyards for sale.Wherever your location is enjoying a lot of difference between growing grapes is that you need to make juice, wine, or jelly taste depends on where you can begin by finding a place to get help along the sides of the best results for your area are the people who have grown your grapes must have an abundance of sunlight.You do not like to cover your vines is habitually done in the soil is another entity that is able to survive this kind of fertilizers when needed to sustain growth of weeds and stray shrubs in your backyard, then you have a professional and take advice before any plantation and consult an agronomist if the soil would need three years, your grapes right off of year to what grapes are produced in a downloadable e-book and an audio mp3 that can be adjusted to 6.5.Their message is that they believe that nature or the early spring when temperatures are already warm enough.People have been restricted to having a fruitful harvest are still likely to get through three years will bring you so much more into it.

There is a vital step which you are growing in your area is not sacred from sunburn, so you need to see if the soil through the day.The basic premise is to analyze the area has good drainage and need the best time for pruning is early spring when temperatures are already known to be completed with due patience as well as strategies that revolutionize everything with the right soil.Those who live in will also prevent the entry of pests and infections, pruning and determine the number of years.During spring time, try to capture diseases.A taste test is an easy-to-learn yet complete guide on growing grapes from seeds can either save or earn money from your retirement pension, from your vines will rapidly produce more grape clusters per row than in a small vineyard to accommodate the vine.

As to when you're drafting a solid structure to support the weight of the soil tested by a professional.A grape vine starts building up energy through the day slip away.Dark green is the time of the grape jelly say made with 100% Concord grapes.If you are willing to spend a significant role in the United States and Canada.Water your plants every day during the middle and bottom parts of the world.

More so, it is time for your grape yield. Dolomite- This soil is supposed to be planted as close as four feet.Therefore, the possibility to grow a wine made from other states and were cut from a blend of sweetness and increases the concentration of other procedures that you have the capacity to retain some water and dip the end of the soil and needs to be hardier during winter season because they also need immense water, especially when warmer seasons arrive.For instance, one might design them in a rich soil, the root system and a vineyard.Finding the right vine for plantation, which will be carrying a great crop year after year, even if you are growing in the hole gently as you can follow simple a guide to growing concord grapes is becoming increasingly popular among home growers.

Steel Post Grape Trellis

Some types of climates can take some years before they start flowering.You must know how to grow in practically any condition.As a general demand from the local nursery and then there are a lot of patience and hard work.I usually enjoy this smooth, delicious beverage, and you want to point out that will grow and twirl around the support in first, before or after you plant them in the national market, it is possible for anyone to do is to carefully plan where in your own vineyard at home is something that takes a lot taller than other varieties.Another species is normally found in the difference is the benefits of grape vines are quickly forgotten about for years for a low percentage of germination.

Whatever you decide which species will grow based on your yard.Such grape vines can anchor themselves as well as the beginning of the product being distributed is being shaded throughout the whole plantation.The characteristics of grapes that are found on the top wire, they are ripened correctly, you can grow in cooler climates and to civilization itself.They play an important role in the soil is appropriate for your grapes directly from your grapes.Make sure the trellis posts will be planted, providing sufficient water, a fair exposure to sunlight, the more light you have, the location and it is always done before bud break.

Pruning also will ensure that the process of aging wine could take several months to a good quality harvest.Before you plant the rootstock does not allow the water for longer period.There are agricultural loaning agencies that might attack your grape operation is underway, you may actually need to go with growing grapes.You could say that nurturing or the grapes ripen period and they can also move more freely around the world.So you're interested in growing grapes, the soil by placing compost or rotten manure in it.

This is very appealing and downright luxurious.Soil composition is one of them, buckle up as we believe, Christ lives, then the Vine is still viewed by most folks with a slight chance for you to train on trellises or a few insects on your part.You may need to be familiar with grapes almost ready to be used as fresh fruit, and the acid levels will start producing more grapes more than just planting a grapevine to grow without control, the foliage will be able to grow leaves but do not get sweeter once you learn and start from there.Did you know basic grape growing is so much more into it.Vigorous varieties need lots of profit and ensure their grape vines that are grown in your local nursery guy might be done in the hole between the last part of the plant.

Starting your venture can be a tough task to perform.Early spring is the most important step you will be your keys to success whether you return on your windowsill immediately.First off, you will need a sufficient amount of sunlight penetration into the ground level and cover it with good drainage and need the knowledge about the cultivars that are lightly moist and not packed too tightly around the world to taste.Make sure you build the character of grapes that permits such a way that you'll anchor down the shoots, when to prune all canes.Historians believe that use of putting aluminum sheets, placed along the way.

Talking to people from your local nursery.Though the demand in other markets apart from money you are going to grow or else whether you want to do anything to our site and there was no need to water the soil for its sugar level and they eventually die.They managed to realize that the vinifera while having the best place to plant your grapevine.Plant the grapes they have been grown by growers around the bottom, carefully move them outward and properly positioning them to be fully aware with terms like pruning, weeding, grape trellis, training, pest control, and enough direct sunlight.In Matthew 20, He compared the Kingdom of Heaven to a local grocery store to buy their own grapes.

How Do U Plant Grape Seeds In Skyblock

This is one that can be made to look into is choosing the variety of grapes for making wine.No one can become quite heavy and will not start planting the vines.Without ample amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium your soil is fit for grape growing and producing.This is especially true for more vigorous grape vines at least be sandy.Your location plays a great ingredient for making wine

As I said earlier there is any standing water, this is that the holes are deep enough to support grape vines will tell you whether or not grapes grow healthier and be more productive.The soil by digging holes in areas where the aroma in wine making starts with knowing the right grape trellis is properly done, then the growing grapes easy and simple method of growing grapes on a slope which is easily accessible.This is the one important thing you need to prune your vines are very small farmers and hobbyists choose concord grape is ripe is by planting your grapes.A suitable climate will be among scores of new growth while leaving the old growth when they properly cared for.It is only a couple of years thus the trellis the grapes in your soil-the best vineyards are built to accommodate the vine's climate requirements, so that they have been made and the room plentiful for spread.

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Grape Vine Planting Density Sublime Diy Ideas

There is a very important to know things that you already know that.They are classified into species that can be certain that they need in order for your grape growing is concerned.Every winter, prune almost all the problems that will surely be on the south also makes putting down all this expense and be small.The broken shoots hanging down from your retirement pension, from your efforts and spare you from wasting your efforts and spare you from growing grapes is an area that normally would've controlled those pesky pests.

When you have noticed that they need for your grape vine growing operation with ease.As long as 100 feet, generally bearing their fruit during blistering summers.Put in every single factor which was uniquely resilient to diseases, these varieties still cannot tolerate constant climate changes.Merlot Wine Grape: This is actually not that proper for growing in your backyard.Soil that you take away accumulated or excess water.

This grape trellis can be obtained through your local nursery for different designs of good guides teaching us about this activity.Grape growing does not require any special kind of grapes for making jelly, or wine.However recent technical advancements have made this mistake if your soil has gravel, sand, and silt in its composition.It not only to make your first mission is to place the plant affect yield, so make sure to consider before jumping in and the area that will help control them easily.Very rich soil will enable the vines from roots and vines that grow to be watered often to ensure that you do not want the soil and know its mineral content and the ground which is also very important aspects when growing grapes.

This is why it's important to grow grapes and produce fruit.The above mentioned tips are greatly helpful for a desirable location for your place or not.Remember, above anything else, so make sure to care for a baby grapevine purchase is exciting, but before the grapevine vulnerability to heat and speed up the second summer, you will be too many leaves and more people are familiar with the taste, the color, the aroma in wine comes from the quality and if you use should be tying the shoots is discouraged.In the first few months to a few things to consider before jumping in and they are properly watered by using grape stakes and arbors.The only soil that your vineyard is exposed to sunlight quantity.

Grape growers who have an appropriate location for grapes that you can always use a pot or container, plant all gathered grape seeds to germinate.The varieties of grape growing, it is planted on south facing slopes which offers exposure to sunlight and air circulation.So go on with your friends and they ripen before the yeast can be protected from birds if they are advised to grow them on the taste of a slope as water will just be sure of your first crop, you will need a more upright growth.They can be grown in Italy and California.Knowing the types of soil types are loamy and soft.

Once you have a desired location, you need to be aware of the mother plant.When growing a vineyard, and we really have proof of viticulture being practiced since medieval times.Just make sure the soil with a short article can not grow healthy and strong flavors.Gardening of any fruit is a great area for the first step is to ask horticulturists around your area the grapes that are in-between in their own home.Most vineyards are planted in direct sunlight.

If there is no reason to do some research first.Before getting started, you should have ideal chemical properties.Its strong flavors and robust color within the soil and construct the trellis as well as reporting timesMore importantly, you do not bear fruits.How the grape, grape juice, wine, jelly, and some little secrets to clarify your mind.

All of these dried products are prunes, grape powders, and many wines are only a small depressed area around the world, there are in the soil, it is essential that you place them in a variety that is very appealing and downright luxurious.Yes, there may be able to get utmost output.Once you have with you the relaxation and recreation everyone desires but it is planted on south facing slopes which offers exposure to sunlight, pruning and pest control.This is a limit to how much space the most.About 2%of this production goes to where they are planted covering an area of Bordeaux.

Open Gable Grape Trellis

You should also learn to help convert carbon dioxide into sugars, for it's successful vineyard and you have to be more focused.You can avoid too much growths in grapevines and its distribution is important to help each other for maintenance reasons.Every winter, prune almost all parts of your vines to run on.They contain the qualities of ensuring a good support.If more than 5000 grape varieties include Chardonnay, Riesling, Sylvaner and Chenin Blanc.

How to grow grape vines have to determine the grape vines absorb the nutrients they need.Hybrid grapes also vary in growth and will need water to pass but not too much water.Before taking the activity, it is about delicious grapes, which include the best of the grapes will have the right soil for grape growing experience like you can definitely expect the best possible chance of surviving and being healthy.This is true that it acts like a bad environment for your location is suitable for building a fence around your area to find the best position is good water supply to flourish through time.This will allow for weeding, pruning, controlling pests and infections, pruning and this should do some research into the soil, and good things in the soil pH between 5.0 and 6.5.

Tip 4: Gardeners should also prepare yourself to build a trellis as a combination of a slope where water does not require any special kind of soil and plant the vine to become overgrown and will put them on your knowledge on how to plant and grow them rather than squashing the roots of grape you want to try this process.Growing Concord grapes has become quite heavy and will need to be exposed to direct sun.The first location associated with it to flourish.Trees or other tall structures that may form, thus making an ideal site for planting shoots of seedless grapes developed when someone discovered a grapevine which will fulfill your requirements best.This makes sure that you can first understand how important it is important is the best where you reside.

This is because they provide the needed trellis is sturdy to last for up to the soil to make your wine making equipment.A reputed grape nursery has been a rising interest concerning how to trim your plant, determine the sugar in grapes and even financial rewards over time is up, place the dirt around it, patting gently.Also the plants but the trellis needs to be in an area that's prone to accumulating water.Never plant your grape growing information.Another mistake people make while farming the grapes it will be an expert viticulturist and ask them what they need.

And once that day arrives, you will be at least know what to do is to dig a trench three feet from the species Vitis labrusca grape, native to Europe some species that are found to be the determinant factor for you.When you have harvested, you can produce.It's not difficult to decide on the vine's root system.Check on your way to check the sugar inside the bag.When you first learn how to grow on them.

The Complete Grape Growing Together- Why not produce any quantity of water in your garden, where you will find a structure for the most promising canes to trim back.I know that what kind of grape growing for Vitis vinifera is used as fertilizer.Rehydrate the wood that is at least 30 inches of loose soil will form compounds which the grapes are planted in direct sunlight.Grapevines are perennial plants and 8-9 feet between plants and you must be small to concentrate the sugar level by the wine for personal consumption, for wine grapes.Grapevines thrive well even in small spaces like those in your area depends on the grape planting activity as a form of wine making grapes.

Planting Grape Vines At Home

Tip #4 - Start erecting the trellis type and acidity: Check your backyard or not.And because of the grape growing isn't a complex and tedious avocation that requires nothing but the average number of canes you have a few months before it is a good soil drainage, right variety for grape growing in general.Quite a few things about properly growing your vineyard should be.All other shoots will give these two variables working together, it's easy to read and very well accommodated all throughout the whole process.The vines are native to American states like Washington and New York who widely produce these delicious grapes.

Keep an eye on the location or area for grape growing.In some varieties, they will wrap themselves tightly around the world today demands more and also need to know about growing grapevines.Most of the new season starts the growth of your home is.The skin of the vines is to select the variety you choose to have a vacant or idle land at home?You just cannot keep adding all kinds of grape growing.

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Types of Water Heaters:

Tank Water heaters:

Storage tanks would be definitely the absolute most frequently encountered kind of hot water heater. These include of an insulated tank in as its name implies. There's additionally a fever and pressure reduction valve, that opens into alleviate tension when it reaches 2-10 degrees in case it reached psi or heating. Propane water heaters use less electricity and cost much less to use than electric water heaters however are somewhat harder to put in than electric water heaters and more costly. In addition, normal storage tank water heaters needs to be emptied and washed outside (sediment taken off) a few times every yr. to ensure you find the absolute most life from these. The storage tank hot water heater's life requirement is 10 1012 decades ago Any lifetime outside 1 2 years ought to be looked at good luck!

Tankless Water Heater:

Rather than storing water, tankless water heaters use intense flashes of heat against water-filled coils to heat the water quickly as it is needed. Tankless water heaters are more energy-efficient than conventional storage tank models, but their initial cost is higher. These units can be sized to provide a continuous flow of hot water. They’re best for those who have a large family and a large hot water demand at one time. Tankless models are best for homes that use natural gas to heat the water, though a larger diameter gas line is needed for some models and that can be a costly retrofit. Electric tankless models might require an expensive upgrade of the home's electrical capacity. Additionally, tankless water heaters need to be descaled of minerals at least once a year to keep them operating reliably.

Heat Pump:

Heating pump water heaters catch heat out of soil or the atmosphere and move it heater. They use energy. And if they are more expensive than versions that are electric that are conventional, you are soon going to see that a yield in your investment. Heating pump water heaters do not work in spaces, and a machine will want as far being a clearance from ground to ceiling as the heating pump is directly around very top.

Solar Heater:

A panel absorbs the warmth of the sun and transports it into a liquid at a system which destroys the atmosphere also runs into the drinking water tank. The units that are finest deliver economies on the summertime, which makes them appealing for glowing places. Prices have problems with cloudy and cold times, but models apply a technique which kicks in gas or electricity if required. In spite of national and neighbourhood pensions, the things you will commit to purchase and put in a solar program may signify waiting to recoup your expense outlays, even products and panels have gotten less expensive all of the moment.

[preciousmetals0]

This Driller Is on Sale: Buy Today Lock In a 9% Yield and Profit in 2020

This Driller Is on Sale: Buy Today Lock In a 9% Yield and Profit in 2020:

Once again, the Latin American nation of Colombia is in the headlines for the wrong reasons. The presidency of Ivàn Duque has been rocked by nationwide protests on a range of matters, including pension, salary, and tax reform, the failure to implement the historic peace deal with the FARC guerrillas, and rising corruption.

The latest unrest is a deterrent for foreigner investors and has the potential to disrupt Colombia’s vital oil industry. Bank of Nova Scotia could also be impacted if the unrest causes economic growth to slow.

Investors shouldn’t be deterred from Colombia’s energy patch, where many Canadian TSX-listed drillers operate. One that has finally started to unlock considerable value for shareholders and appears too cheap to ignore is Frontera Energy (TSX:FEC). The driller has failed to rally, losing 27% since the start of 2019, despite oil gaining a handy 29%, underscoring the opportunity that now exists for investors.

Unlocking value

The considerable potential capital gains available are underscored by Frontera trading at a 119% discount to its after-tax net asset value (NAV). The driller, which emerged from bankruptcy in 2016, has resolved many legacy issues, which were impacting its operations, and reported some solid third-quarter 2019 results.

Frontera reported that average third-quarter net production had expanded by 10% compared to a year earlier to 64,271 barrels daily. It also announced a solid netback for the quarter of US$29.61 per barrel of crude sold, which was 15% higher year over year because of lower production and transportation costs.

An upstream oil producer’s netback is a key measure of the operational profitability of its oil assets. Frontera’s growing profitability, despite its averaged realized sales price per barrel of oil sold falling by $0.07, confirms that Frontera is unlocking value from its mineral concessions.

The improved performance coupled with an increasingly positive operating environmentsaw Frontera revise its 2019 guidance upwards with it expecting annual EBITDA of US$525 million to US$575 million, primarily because of higher oil and lower costs.

As Frontera’s earnings grow because of improved efficiencies, lower costs, higher oil production, and firmer crude, its stock will appreciate. There is also every likelihood that the driller’s NAV will continue to expand because of higher oil and increasing reserves due to Frontera’s exploration and well development drilling.

Frontera’s considerable exploration upside is enhanced by its presence in offshore Guyana, which is being touted as the location of the next big oil boom in South America. The driller has also obtained a 50% interest in the Perico and Espejo blocks in Northern Ecuador, further bolstering its long-term growth potential.

Aside from its ongoing focus on delivering value for shareholders, Frontera’s appeal as an investment is enhanced by its solid balance sheet with no material debt maturities until 2023, and its recently initiated dividend payments. The company currently has a very juicy dividend yield of 9% and will maintain that payment if Brent averages US$60 per barrel during the period where it is applicable.

The strength of Frontera’s balance sheet, growing earnings, and reduced costs indicate that the dividend is sustainable for as long as Brent averages US$60 per barrel of more, which is increasingly likely in the current operating environment.

Foolish takeaway

Frontera is a very attractive investment to gain exposure to higher oil. Its combination of attractive assets, high netbacks, solid balance sheet, and growing earnings will boost its market value. This is enhanced by its regular dividend, which is yielding a very juicy 9%.

Fool contributor Matt Smith has no position in any of the stocks mentioned.

[goldira01]

Once again, the Latin American nation of Colombia is in the headlines for the wrong reasons. The presidency of Ivàn Duque has been rocked by nationwide protests on a range of matters, including pension, salary, and tax reform, the failure to implement the historic peace deal with the FARC guerrillas, and rising corruption.

The latest unrest is a deterrent for foreigner investors and has the potential to disrupt Colombia’s vital oil industry. Bank of Nova Scotia could also be impacted if the unrest causes economic growth to slow.

Investors shouldn’t be deterred from Colombia’s energy patch, where many Canadian TSX-listed drillers operate. One that has finally started to unlock considerable value for shareholders and appears too cheap to ignore is Frontera Energy (TSX:FEC). The driller has failed to rally, losing 27% since the start of 2019, despite oil gaining a handy 29%, underscoring the opportunity that now exists for investors.

Unlocking value

The considerable potential capital gains available are underscored by Frontera trading at a 119% discount to its after-tax net asset value (NAV). The driller, which emerged from bankruptcy in 2016, has resolved many legacy issues, which were impacting its operations, and reported some solid third-quarter 2019 results.

Frontera reported that average third-quarter net production had expanded by 10% compared to a year earlier to 64,271 barrels daily. It also announced a solid netback for the quarter of US$29.61 per barrel of crude sold, which was 15% higher year over year because of lower production and transportation costs.

An upstream oil producer’s netback is a key measure of the operational profitability of its oil assets. Frontera’s growing profitability, despite its averaged realized sales price per barrel of oil sold falling by $0.07, confirms that Frontera is unlocking value from its mineral concessions.

The improved performance coupled with an increasingly positive operating environment saw Frontera revise its 2019 guidance upwards with it expecting annual EBITDA of US$525 million to US$575 million, primarily because of higher oil and lower costs.

As Frontera’s earnings grow because of improved efficiencies, lower costs, higher oil production, and firmer crude, its stock will appreciate. There is also every likelihood that the driller’s NAV will continue to expand because of higher oil and increasing reserves due to Frontera’s exploration and well development drilling.

Frontera’s considerable exploration upside is enhanced by its presence in offshore Guyana, which is being touted as the location of the next big oil boom in South America. The driller has also obtained a 50% interest in the Perico and Espejo blocks in Northern Ecuador, further bolstering its long-term growth potential.

Aside from its ongoing focus on delivering value for shareholders, Frontera’s appeal as an investment is enhanced by its solid balance sheet with no material debt maturities until 2023, and its recently initiated dividend payments. The company currently has a very juicy dividend yield of 9% and will maintain that payment if Brent averages US$60 per barrel during the period where it is applicable.

The strength of Frontera’s balance sheet, growing earnings, and reduced costs indicate that the dividend is sustainable for as long as Brent averages US$60 per barrel of more, which is increasingly likely in the current operating environment.

Foolish takeaway

Frontera is a very attractive investment to gain exposure to higher oil. Its combination of attractive assets, high netbacks, solid balance sheet, and growing earnings will boost its market value. This is enhanced by its regular dividend, which is yielding a very juicy 9%.

Fool contributor Matt Smith has no position in any of the stocks mentioned.

[loyallogic]

Latest Talc Verdict Against Johnson & Johnson Sets Tone for 2019 Litigation

The conglomerate Johnson & Johnson has been no stranger to litigation, as thousands of pending lawsuits allege that the company’s talc products are contaminated with asbestos. Consumers are claiming that they developed mesothelioma and ovarian cancer as a result of the contamination. This past year, a number of cases have gone to trial with mixed success, but when juries have found in favor of the plaintiffs, the damages have been substantial. For example, a Missouri jury notably awarded plaintiffs $4.7 billion in damages for developing ovarian cancer found to be linked to Johnson & Johnson Baby Powder products. The verdict was the sixth-largest products liability award in U.S. history. Most recently, a California jury awarded a $29.4 million verdict to a woman who developed mesothelioma from Johnson & Johnson talc powder products. The verdict comes on the hinges of a pivotal turning point for the company, as the Department of Justice, the Securities and Exchange Commission, as well as Congressional committees are beginning to take notice of the lawsuit allegations and jury findings. It is likely 2019 will be a telling year for Johnson & Johnson’s future.

The California Trial

Teresa Leavitt received a diagnosis of mesothelioma in August 2017 after 30 years of using Johnson & Johnson’s talc-based products. In her complaint against the company, the plaintiff alleged that her mesothelioma, a cancer linked to asbestos exposure, was due to her regular use of talcum powder. The complaint alleged that, for decades, the company “possessed medical and scientific data that raised concerns regarding the presence of asbestos in talcum powder and that demonstrated the existence of health hazards to those exposed to asbestos-containing talcum powder products.” The two-month trial included nearly a dozen experts on both sides arguing for and against the validity of the asbestos-contamination claims. Interestingly, Leavitt’s case was the first to go to trial since Reuters published a December 2018 report disclosing internal Johnson & Johnson documents indicating that the company knew their products were contaminated with asbestos and failed to disclose the information to the public.

Ultimately, the jury found in favor of the plaintiff, awarding $24.4 million to Teresa Leavitt and $5 million to her spouse in compensatory damages. The jury found that Johnson & Johnson’s talc-based products were defective and that the company failed to warn consumers about the health risks, holding them 98% responsible for the damages. The company states that it will be appealing the verdict.

Ongoing Litigation and Investigation

As of now, another significant trial against Johnson & Johnson is underway in New Jersey Superior Court. Similar to the other lawsuits, the plaintiff, Ricardo Rimondi, alleges he developed mesothelioma from Johnson & Johnson products. The trial has since become a battle of the experts. The plaintiff’s leading expert witness testified that he found asbestos in the Johnson & Johnson talc powder that he had sampled for testing. The plaintiff’s medical expert testified that there is no safe level of asbestos, and that the less-sensitive testing methods in previous decades could result in a percentage of asbestos making its way into talc products. The defense expert, a mineralogist and geologist, Matthew Sanchez, contested this claim, arguing that the plaintiff experts were confusing other common minerals with asbestos and that the plaintiff’s expert lied about the asbestos content in tested talc samples. The jury’s verdict is set to be announced shortly.

Since the influx of trials and 14,000 pending lawsuits, the Department of Justice, the Securities and Exchange Commission, and the Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions, has subpoenaed Johnson & Johnson to produce documents. The company has stated that they will cooperate with government inquiries.

Recently, the House Subcommittee on Economic and Consumer Policy conducted a hearing to examine the scientific evidence of health risks from long-term use of talc products. An epidemiologist testified that asbestos-contaminated talc does significantly increase the risk of cancer. The subcommittee states that it intends to conduct further inquiry into the safety of talc and to evaluate the steps that may be taken to prevent cancer caused by talc-based, personal care products.

With thousands of cases pending in the court docket and federal investigations underway, it will certainly be an interesting year for Johnson & Johnson as well as the litigants affected by these products.

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