#mm/lb concept

[slu-tea-ftm]

I need a sugar mommy so bad. (A story)

NSFW, long imagine, md/lb, ftm lb, cis mommy

Terms used for lb: clit, cunt, and pussy; lb has had top surgery

Mommy gave me my allowance today. Even though I know Mommy would get anything I asked for in a heartbeat, I wanted to surprise her.

I told her I was going to hang out at the mall with a friend. That was kind of a lie. My friend was there to help me pick out the cutest lingerie!

I can never make up my mind.

My friend and I went to a handful of stores and looked at all kinds of sexy outfits, toys, lingerie, and more. Eventually I was able to decide on a few casual outfits, a cute new corset belt to go with them, and a lacy light green lingerie set with pink flowers on it. I wanted the white version, but my friend said green is more my color, so I trusted her.

I dropped my friend off, then went home to Mommy. I couldn't wait to surprise her.

When I walked in the door, I found Mommy in the living room, reading her most recent sex novels. She put her bookmark in as soon as she heard me coming, turning around to look at me.

"How was your shopping trip, baby? Did you have fun?" she asked, smiling pleasantly.

I could already feel my pussy aching at the sight of her sweet smile. I wanted her lips on my pulsing clit. But I steeled myself and smiled back.

"Yeah! I found a bunch of cute new outfits! Wanna see?" I clutched the big bag in my hand tightly.

"I'd love to see."

Without any other words exchanged, I grinned and ran off to dig through my clothes for a pair of leggings, jeans, and dress pants. All the new clothes I bought were tops, other than the corset belt and lingerie.

After grabbing those and a pair of scissors, I ran to the bathroom. "I'm gonna cut the tags off while I'm in here!"

"Okay! Just be careful with the scissors!" she called through the bathroom door.

I carefully snipped off all the tags and then picked my first outfit: a brightly-striped button-up with beige dress pants. My heart pounded wildly in my chest and I could feel my pussy's juices starting to slick up my boxers. I had to take a few deep breaths to prepare myself.

When I stepped out of the bathroom, I went straight to Mommy, doing a little turn before stopping in front of her.

"Ooh," she exclaimed, "you look so handsome, baby! The bright colors look so good on you. Perfect for springtime."

I giggled. "Thank you, Mommy. I'm glad you like it!" The praise was going straight to my needy pussy. I wanted so badly to just kneel down and beg her to let me please her. As much as I loved having Mommy eat me out, I also loved doing the same for her. Sometimes I'd rather eat her out and just let my needy pussy drool and drool while I clench and rut against anything I can.

"Sweetheart?" Mommy's voice brought me back. "Are you okay?"

"Huh? Oh, yeah, just daydreaming. Uhh, I have a few more outfits to show you! Hang on, I'll go get another one." I skittered back to the bathroom, closing the door behind me and hurriedly putting on the next outfit: a floral tie-top shirt with a plain white shirt underneath and some black leggings.

I came out again and hurried over to show off my new outfit.

"Oh wow, that one's so cute!" Mommy reached out and touched the fabric of the tie-top shirt. "I love the pattern on this one, too. You look so cute in it."

"Thank you, Mommy. I have one more to show you!"

"I can't wait to see it, honey."

As I ran back and closed the bathroom door behind me again, my heart really hammered in my chest. I was so excited and also so nervous. I stripped the latest outfit and pulled out the lingerie from my large bag. When I took off my boxers, there was clearly a wet spot left behind. I carefully slipped on the bralette and matching panties, which were already starting to soak up my slick. My curiosity got the better of me as I reached down and slipped a finger along my aching pussy. I was so wet I could've slipped my finger right in.

Immediately, I took my hand out, knowing that if I kept touching, I wouldn't be able to stop. I wiped my soaked finger on a piece of toilet paper and threw on the last outfit: a silvery, silk button-up with the top few buttons popped open, the corset belt, and black dress pants.

My stomach flip-flopped when I finally came out of the bathroom and I saw Mommy waiting for me on the couch.

"I was starting to get worried," she said. "You were taking a bit longer than usual." She looked me up and down, taking in the clothes. "Those look stunning, dear. Especially the corset. Mommy loves how it makes your waist stand out." She reached out and took my waist in her hands, proving her point.

I shivered when she put her hands on my waist. Mommy knows I'm sensitive and she loves to use that to her advantage.

I swallowed and tried to make my voice sound steady. "Mommy? I...I have a surprise for you."

"Oh really? And what would that be, sweet boy?" Mommy tilted her head.

"It's...under here." I pulled at the collar of the silk button-up.

Mommy's eyes lit up. She loves seeing me in lingerie and telling me how it accentuates my body, how pretty I look, how much she wants to tear it off me...Just thinking about all the praise made my brain start to go fuzzy.

"So that's what this was all about," Mommy said as she started undoing the buttons. "My dirty little boy...You wanted to surprise Mommy, huh? Were you saving up just for this? You wanted to buy some pretty new lingerie to show off?"

Mommy had unbuttoned the shirt enough to where she could push it off my shoulders, exposing the bralette while the shirt barely hung on my arms and the corset belt.

"Oh, sweetheart...You look so pretty," Mommy murmured.

The compliment sent heat rushing to my pussy. I could practically feel a gush of slick soaking my panties. "Thank you, Mo- Ah!!"

She brushed her fingers over my nipples through the thin fabric. I arched up into her touch as heat flooded my face and my pussy clenched on nothing.

"I think Mommy is becoming a bit of a bad influence on you, baby. You took so much time to plan this out behind my back, knowing it'd get me worked up, knowing that Mommy can't control her bad thoughts when you present such a pretty offering like this." She teased me relentlessly, and I loved every second of it. My face burned and my pussy ached. I squeezed my legs together, hoping for some kind of friction against my needy clit.

I whined and shifted my weight around. "Please, Mommy..."

"Aww, poor baby. Is your pussy wet? Are you needy from hearing Mommy tell you how naughty she's made you? Are you wearing panties to go with this cute bralette?"

"Yes, Mommy," I whimper.

Her other hand slid between my legs, parting them so she could cup my cunt in her palm. "Hmm, brand new panties, already ruined because you're such a needy slut."

I whined and pushed my hips down into her palm, seeking any kind of friction. "I'm sorry, Mommy...You just make me feel so good."

She hummed and removed both hands, much to my dismay. Mommy undid my corset belt and discarded it nearby, finally removing the whole shirt. I shivered when the cold hair hit me, making my nipples harden and poke through the fabric of the bralette.

Mommy quickly moved on to taking off the black dress pants and leaving me in nothing but the lingerie before her. She sat back for a moment just to look at me as a whole, admiring my perky nipples and the goosebumps on my skin. She reached out again to touch my pussy, through the panties this time, and when she did, she gave me a knowing look.

"You're absolutely soaked, honey."

I whined and pushed against her fingers. "Mommy...Please..."

"Please what, baby boy? You have to use your words...tell Mommy what you want." She stroked her fingers along my pussy, circling my clit lightly.

My whimpers dissolved into moans as I crumbled under her touches. "More! I want more, please. Please, Mommy. Touch me, fuck me, eat me out—something! Please..." My face burned with embarrassment, but Mommy quickly stood up and kissed me.

"Very good. Good boy, using your words. Such a good boy for me." She kissed my neck and lips while she praised me, reaching down to tease me some more.

I moaned into her mouth as she rubbed my clit, clinging onto her and grinding down into her palm. "Mommy," I whined, "please..."

"Okay, okay, sweetheart. You lay down, I'll be right back." Mommy chuckled and booped my nose, then headed to the bedroom.

When she came back, Mommy made sure to show me just how much she appreciated my surprise. She ate me out until I couldn't tell up from down, fucked me until my brain turned to liquid, praised me like it was the last chance she'd ever get to do it, and she even let me return the favor by tasting her delicious cunt.

Afterward, we got to relax in the shower, and I fell asleep in her arms, squished into her, warm, happy, and so glad to have Mommy in my life.

[mejomonster]

Sorry I'm like. Way down the Riverdale rabbit hole tonight

Far as I can gather? Betty and Veronica are gfs. You know. Like they always should be

(I only saw Archie's weird mysteries cartoons as a kid like strictly my only exposure and Veronica turns Betty into a vampire sensually and very gayly and like 5 year old mejo imprinted and just Thought OK they're gfs. And nothing will ever change my mind)

And anyway I'm a bit floored? Like. I know we've all heard how "absolute unhinged and bad" the riverdale writing is. Or inexplicable incomprehensible off the rails or whatever. But like. At the very very beginning. Once upon a time? I watched episode 1. I was even willing to turn off my brain and pretend it had nothing to do with Archie comics so I didn't idk flip a lid at it being nothing like said source

But then like. Betty and Veronica kissed "for cheerleading" and acted like it wasn't gay and I got such queerbait anger whiplash I never wanted to see a single second again and turned off the episode lmao

Look. To baby mejo? Those two are gfs and anything that seemed like it intended to joke insult and destroy such a notion just wasn't gonna vibe with me dhdjd

Anyway. They did???? They???? I mean if they're gfs by the end then My instinctive run away is officially finally neutralized.

So now I'm like ???? Well damn where do I go from here. Maybe I'll watch for the lols

[lonestarflight]

Cancelled Missions: Gemini Saturn V

-Concept Art, however this has a typo, as this is clearly the Saturn V.

"American manned lunar orbiter. In l LP late 1964 McDonnell, in addition to a Saturn IB-boosted circumlunar Gemini, McDonnell proposed a lunar-orbit version of Gemini to comprehensively scout the Apollo landing zones prior to the first Apollo missions.

Status: Design 1964. Gross mass: 11,182 kg (24,652 lb).

The lunar orbit version required an Agena stage to provide the delta-V for lunar orbit insertion and trans earth injection. The 1.52 m-diameter Agena was enclosed in an inverted conical fairing to both transmit thrust loads to the Gemini and provide thermal protection during the coast to the moon.

Alternatively, a propulsion module based on a repackaged Apollo Service Module propulsion system, as had been proposed two years earlier for a lunar-landing version of Gemini, could be used. This raised the translunar injection mass of the spacecraft to 11,182 kg, well above the capability of a Saturn IB or Titan III-C, but only a quarter that of a Saturn V. The launch vehicle was unspecified, but could only have been a Saturn V used on an early test mission. The mission profile would have involved a 68 hour flight from low earth orbit to lunar orbit, a 24 hour lunar mapping mission in a 10 nm x 80 nm lunar orbit, and a 68 hour return flight. The scientific equipment would consist of a modest camera array installed in the nose of the spacecraft. This consisted of a long focal-length telescope, to which were attached two narrow-field stereo mapping cameras, a wide field mapping camera, a panoramic camera, and two 16 mm film cameras. The film was not accessible by the astronauts, being stored in a film vault shielded against radiation in the nose of the spacecraft. The camera compartment would protrude from the stub nose of the Gemini after parachute deployment.

The manned portion was the same as the circumlunar version, a modified earth-orbit Gemini. The aft modules would be retained, but with the retrorockets removed. The retro module space would be used to install Apollo-type lunar distance communications, navigation, and test equipment. Deployable DSIF omni-directional and parabolic antennae would deploy from the aft modules to support lunar-distance communications. To handle re-entry from lunar distances, several modifications were necessary. The capsule's heat shield would be beefed up, and the Rene 41 corrugated shingles of Gemini's skin would be replaced with ablative shingles. The load of attitude control propellant for the capsule's reaction control system was substantially increased. Additional strap-down gyros and solar sensor packages would be added to provide navigation system redundancy. The ejection seats would be deleted and a Mercury-style launch escape tower added. The then-planned Rogallo wing recovery system would be used to glide to the Gemini to a runway landing on US territory after return from the moon. To handle the scientific payload, a camera compartment was added to the nose below the parachute/Rogallo wing housing. The Gemini spacecraft modified in this way had on on-orbit mass of 3955 kg as compared to the 3207 kg of the earth-orbit version.

Crew Size: 2. Habitable Volume: 2.55 m3."

-information from Astronautix.com: link

source, source, source

[dungeonbf]

oc moment 🤯🤯: sigge andersson lore

- swedish-american (?) & 19 years old (turning 20)

- birthday is jan 7th

- moved to america when he was 11 and retains a bit of an accent, most noticeable on words with v's

- one of Those Guys who claims to be a strong, nordic man (can't lift a 5 lb weight)

- metalhead, loves traditional second wave black metal, as well as raw black, folk black, and death metal - also really into dungeon synth, like grausamkeit... he's a b.s.o.d fanboy, unironically

- also likes mainstream metal, particularly megadeth, but is incredibly embarrassed about it and will never admit it - hides a megadeth shirt deep in his closet

- doesn't shower. like, genuinely does not shower. he has to be forced to shower by his parents when the smell becomes unbearable, usually once every month and a half

- when he DOES shower, he uses those 10-in-1 body washes that smell like emotions and concepts like "wrath" and "swagger"

APPEARANCE:

- long dirty blond hair; looks lighter in the sun, he swears he's a true blond

- hair is incredibly greasy - when he runs a hand through it, his fingers come back shining

- soulful brown eyes like a wet deer in the grass

- YELLOW TEETH... raw gums...

- wears a stretched, clunky septum occasionally (3mm to 4 mm)

- scrawny. no muscle to be seen, he is genuinely fragile and sad

- tall-ish, 5'9 (swears he's 6")

- nose is a bit hooked

- corpse paint design is blocky and squared off, like euronymous'

- occasionally wears those black witch hats (inspired by b.s.o.d...)

- typically seen in a handpainted band tee (typically grausamkeit or carpathian forest), loose black jeans and worn out combat boots (reaching about calf height)

- covers up acne and other insecurities (like his nose) with corpse paint, almost always seen with it unless at home

PERSONALITY, LORE & MANNERISMS:

- asocial, says it's by choice (lie)

- thinks no friends = trve kvlt

- lonely, of course, and WANTS friends but his interests and general standoffish demeanor put off others

- internally homophobic... refuses to admit his attraction to men, despite drooling over any man that looks at him for .5 seconds

- LOSER. chronic reddit user; downvotes everyone who doesn't echochamber his thoughts

- plays guitar. badly. knows one song (master of puppets by metallica) and brags about it constantly - knows nothing of music theory and says he doesn't need to know because tabs exist

- snus user and is really pretentious about it - "you SMOKE? so you want to ruin your lungs forever and smell like shit..." (while damaging his gums)

- is the type of person in tiktok comment sections to make suicide jokes under a vid of a happy couple

- autistic & bpd

- autism primarily manifests in "social awkwardness," lack of understanding of social cues, and intense special interests (metal); stims by headbanging

- bpd is primarily in unstable reactions towards others, impulsivity, cutting, suicidal ideation, and dependency in romantic relationships

- note: sigge has not been in any romantic relationships (besides a fake one when he was 11 - a girl asked him out as a joke and he brought her handpicked flowers for the next few days) - this is just how he would act IF in a legitimate romantic relationship

[spacenutspod]

In the coming years, NASA plans to send several astrobiology missions to Venus and Mars to search for evidence of extraterrestrial life. These will occur alongside crewed missions to the Moon (for the first time since the Apollo Era) and the first crewed missions to Mars. Beyond the inner Solar System, there are ambitious plans to send robotic missions to Europa, Titan, and other “Ocean Worlds” that could host exotic life. To accomplish these objectives, NASA is investing in some interesting new technologies through the NASA Innovative Advanced Concepts (NIAC) program. This year’s selection includes solar-powered aircraft, bioreactors, lightsails, hibernation technology, astrobiology experiments, and nuclear propulsion technology. This includes a concept for a Thin Film Isotope Nuclear Engine Rocket (TFINER), a proposal by senior technical staff member James Bickford and his colleagues at the Charles Stark Draper Laboratory – a Massachusetts-based independent technology developer. This proposal relies on the decay of radioactive isotopes to generate propulsion and was recently selected by the NIAC for Phase I development. As their proposal paper indicates, advanced propulsion is essential to realizing several next-generation mission concepts. These include sending a telescope to the focal point of the Sun’s gravitational lens and a rendezvous with a passing interstellar object. These mission concepts require rapid velocities that are simply not possible with conventional rocketry. While lightsails are being investigated for rapid-transit missions within the Solar System and Proxima Centauri, they cannot make the necessary propulsive maneuvers in deep space. A collage of illustrations highlighting the novel concepts proposed by the 2024 NIAC Phase I awardees. Credit: (clockwise, from upper right) Benner/Zhang/McQuinn/Romero-Calvo/Hibberd-Kennedy/Carpenter/Bickford/Romero/Calvo/Cabauy/Landis/Rothschild/Ge-Cheng Zha/NASA Nuclear concepts that are possible with current technology include nuclear-thermal and nuclear-electric propulsion (NTP/NEP), which have the necessary thrust to reach locations in deep space. However, as Bickford and his team noted, they are also large, heavy, and expensive to manufacture. “In contrast, we propose a thin film nuclear isotope engine with sufficient capability to search, rendezvous, and then return samples from distant and rapidly moving interstellar objects.” they write. “The same technology allows a gravitational lens telescope to be repointed so a single mission could observe numerous high-value targets.” The basic concept is similar to a solar sail, except that it relies on thin sheets of a radioactive isotope that uses the momentum of its decay products to generate thrust. As they describe it, the baseline design incorporates sheets of the Thorium-228 measuring about ~10 micrometers (0.01 mm) thick. This naturally radioactive metal (typically used in radiation therapy) undergoes alpha decay with a half-life of 1.9 years. Thrust is produced by coating one side with a ~50-micrometer (0.05 mm) thick absorber layer, forcing alpha particles in the direction opposite of travel. The spacecraft would require 30 kg (66 lbs) of Thorium-228 spread over an area measuring over 250 m2 (~2700 square feet), providing more than 150 km/s (93 mi/s) of thrust. For comparison, the fastest mission that relied on conventional propulsion was the Parker Solar Probe (PSP), which achieved a velocity of 163 km/s (101 mi/s) as it reached the closest point in its orbit around the Sun (perihelion). However, this was because of the gravity-assist maneuver with Venus and the pull of the Sun’s gravity. The advantages of this system include simplicity, as the design is based on known physics and materials. It also offers scalability to accommodate smaller payloads (like sensors) or larger missions (like space telescopes). A single conventional launch vehicle could insert several of these spacecraft into a solar escape trajectory, requiring an escape velocity of 42.1 km/s (26 mi/s). The thrust sheets can also be reconfigured to enable thrust vectoring and spacecraft maneuvers, meaning that the spacecraft could scout for future missions once it reaches deep space. A plutonium-238 ceramic pellet glowing red hot. Credit: Los Alamos Laboratory This includes telescopes bound for the Solar Gravitational Lens’ (SGL) focal point and missions that will rendezvous with interstellar objects (ISOs) and possibly return samples to Earth for analysis. Speaking of which, the spacecraft would have the spare capacity to rendezvous with an ISO on its own and return samples. The natural decay of the sheets can also be harnessed using a layer of thermoelectric materials (or Peltier Tiles) to generate excess electrical power of about 50 kW at 1% efficiency. A layer of beta-particle emitting material could also be added to neutralize the alpha radiation and “induce a voltage bias that directs exhaust emissions and/or exploits outbound solar wind.” They also note how the concept can be designed with multiple “stages” equipped with Actinium-227 (or other isotopes with a longer half-life), leading to higher velocity over extended mission lifetimes. Similarly, a modified version that relies on Thorium-233 can harness the Thorium fuel cycle – a cascading isotope decay that eventually produces Uranium-232 – that will result (they claim) in an increased performance of about 500%. Clearly, the proposed technology presents many opportunities for future development and could be used to execute several mission profiles. These missions align with NASA’s vision for the coming century, which includes sending spacecraft to study ISOs up close, discover habitable planets in neighboring star systems, conduct crewed missions beyond the Earth-Moon system, and search for life on other celestial bodies. Further Reading: NASA The post NASA Invests in New Nuclear Rocket Concept for the Future of Space Exploration and Astrophysics appeared first on Universe Today.

[usafphantom2]

EXTRA: Lockheed B-12 (B-71)

In the early years of the OXCART Project, Kelly Johnson conducted some studies to evaluate the feasibility of developing some variants of her photographic recognition aircraft for USAF. The initial concept, evaluated by Lockheed, provided for the development of a bomber, which would be equipped with an internal weapons bay compartment, containing a carousel from which up to four free-fall tactical nuclear bombs could be dropped, weighing 400 lb (181 kg approx.) each.

FB-12-4 Blackbird Bomber schematic design – Lockheed Martin

The aircraft would be equipped with 2 AIM-7 E/F Sparrow missiles (with folding wings), in the front internal compartments, and 2 AGM-69 SRAM missiles in the rear internal compartments / Lockheed Martin

FB-12-4 Blackbird Bomber schematic design - Lockheed Martin (1)

The aircraft would be equipped with 2 AIM-7 E/F Sparrow missiles (with folding wings), in the front internal compartments, and 2 AGM-69 SRAM missiles in the rear internal compartments / Lockheed Martin

FB-12-4 Blackbird Bomber schematic design - Lockheed Martin (2)

The B-12 (FB-12-4) Blackbird would also be equipped with a carousel from which up to four tactical, free-fall nuclear bombs could be dropped, weighing 400 lb (181 kg approx.) each / Lockheed Martin

According to the initial studies, this weapons compartment would occupy the same space that, on the A-12, is dedicated to the Q Bay (pressurized compartment, behind the cockpit, where the high-resolution camera was installed). If there was a need for the use of larger weapons, additional space could eventually be obtained by reducing the size of the fuel tanks. With the exception of the access doors to the internal arms compartment, at the bottom of the fuselage, visually speaking, this new aircraft would be identical to the OXCART.

FB-12-4 Blackbird Bomber schematic design - Lockheed Martin (3)

In one of the proposed variants, the aircraft would also be equipped with a 20 mm M61 Vulcan / Lockheed Martin automatic cannon

The deterrent power provided by a small fleet of these bombers would be immense. Because of its enormous speed, the enemy would only detect the aircraft when it was too late, and most likely would not be able to shoot it down, or even intercept it.

On July 5, 1961, a life-size model of the front of the bomber, designated by Lockheed as B-12 (the names RB-12 and FB-12 were also assigned for the same project), was presented to General Curtis LeMay, who, having been very interested, asked if the aircraft could also be equipped with air-to-ground missiles, in addition to the associated avi Kelly Johnson responded favorably, having only pointed out that the development of a pure bomber would be a faster and easier solution, while the use of missiles would require, in addition to more time, further modifications in the overall structure of the set.

On October 26, 1961, the USAF's interest in the bomber was formalized through a memorandum sent to Lockheed, in which it was informed that the military designation of the B-12 would be B-71.

Kelly Johnson's proposal, however, was not accepted, having bumped into the interests of the Strategic Air Command (SAC), whose priority, at that time, was the North American B-70 Valkyrie development. USAF, however, requested Skunk Works to develop, based on OXCART, its own strategic reconnaissance aircraft, initially designated as R-12.

divide 1

IN THE NEXT CHAPTER: SENIOR CROWN Project

TEXT: Anderson LaMarca

Source:

Center for the Study of Intelligence – CIA

From Rainbow to Gusto: Stealth and the Design of the Blackbird by Paul A. Suhler

From Archangel to Senior Crown: Design and Development of the Blackbird by Peter W. Merlin

History of the OXCART Program by Clarence L. Johnson

Lockheed A-12: The CIA’s Blackbird and other variants by Paul Crickmore

Lockheed Blackbirds by Tony R. Landis and Dennis R. Jenkings

Lockheed SR-71: Operations in the Far East by Paul Crickmore

Lockheed U-2 Dragon Lady by Dennis R. Jenkings

Soviet Spyplanes of the Cold War by Yefim Gordon

IMAGES: Individually indicated credits

RESEARCH and EDITION: Cavok

READ AGAIN:

Part 1 - Origins

Part 2 - From clipboards to reality

Part 3 - The OXCART in action - CIA Secret Operations

Part 4 - Lockheed M-21/D-21, TAGBOARD Project

Part 5 - Lockheed YF-12 Interceptor, KEDLOCK Project

Tags: A-12BLACK SHIELDCIAConvairD-21usaCold WarHABUKEDLOCKKingfishLINEBACKERlockheedM-21NASAOXCARTSkunk WorksSR-71TAGBOARDUSSRYF-12

LaMarca

LaMarca

Related news

SPACE

How to watch the launch of SpaceX's powerful Starship rocket that takes place today

04/17/23 - 08:03

TECHNOLOGY

Final assembly of the X-59 supersonic plane progresses, with first flight scheduled for this year

14/04/2023 - 13:00

MILITARY

Pratt & Whitney F135: the engine that can't do its job

12/04/2023 - 09:00

MILITARY

B-52J will be the new designation for re-engined bombers

10/04/2023 - 09:28

A Mi-17 helicopter, part of Russia's recovery team, lands near the Soyuz MS-22 spacecraft on the Kazakhstan steppe on Tuesday. (Photo: Roscosmos)

SPACE

IMAGES: Damaged Soyuz MS-22 ship returns to Earth without crew

30/03/2023 - 08:26

SPACE

Russian Soyuz is ready to return to Earth on autopilot, without crew

26/03/2023 - 10:49

[terriportfolio]

2016 volvo crossover models

2016 volvo crossover models manual#

2016 volvo crossover models upgrade#

2016 volvo crossover models full#

2016 volvo crossover models pro#

2016 volvo crossover models series#

"Comfort" attempts to soften the car over bumps, while "Advanced" firms the suspension considerably and gives more aggressive throttle response - a setting Volvo implies is for use on the race track. Semi-active suspension with Four-C (a short name for " Continuously Controlled Chassis Concept") allows the user to select from three modes: Comfort, Sport, and Advanced.

2016 volvo crossover models upgrade#

Other aspects which set the R apart from standard S60s were the large Brembo front and rear four-piston brakes, 18-inch 5-spoke "Pegasus" wheels (available as an upgrade to the standard 17-inch wheels of the same design), blue faced "R" gauges, standard HID headlights, as well as the Four-C suspension system.

2016 volvo crossover models manual#

The 2006–2007 models came with a 6-speed manual or 6-speed automatic transmission (which was no longer torque-restricted). The 2004–2005 models came with a 6-speed manual transmission, or an available 5-speed automatic which allowed only 258 lb⋅ft (350 N⋅m) torque in 1st and 2nd gears. įirst introduced in 2004, Volvo's S60 R used a Haldex all-wheel-drive system mated to a 300 PS (221 kW 296 hp) / 400 N⋅m (300 lbf⋅ft) inline-5. Also beyond common speculation and myths, the engines are not chipped or modified specially for police use: they are complete factory spec but in 'exceptional cases' the speed limiter (215 km/h ) may have been removed. The speedometers in the vehicles are calibrated from the factory and do not require recalibration unless the wheel and overall rolling diameters are changed.ģ05 mm (12.0 in) vented front disc brakes were also fitted alongside special brake pads (and wear indicators) specially designed to cope with high-speed pursuits.ĭuring 2001–2004 the 2.3 litre T5 engine was used and in 2005-2009 the 2.4 litre T5 engine was used. Additional electrical noise suppression has been added so as not to interfere with the sensitive electronics the police use. Extra wiring looms are also fitted specially for the Police radios and other equipment, including CCTV cameras. On early models, the clutch was also replaced with the stronger D5 unit.Ī larger specification battery and 110A alternator was also fitted to run all the extra equipment, along with a dedicated Police fuse box in the boot. Nivomat self-levelling suspension was also fitted to the rear to ensure correct geometry of the vehicle, regardless of the weight carried. As a result, the Police specification vehicles have a striking difference from original showroom model that sometimes the Volvo S60 is used as police cars.įirstly the suspension was up-rated to deal with the demands of Police work this included fitting the front suspension of the D5 model variant (as the suspension was designed to deal with the heavier diesel engine). Police specification models came about through Volvo's extensive work alongside the users of the vehicles and Police Fleet Management departments. In 2004 the T5 engine was reengineered from 2.3 to 2.4 litres and received an increase of 10 bhp (7 kW 10 PS), and a modified turbo in the D5 model also increased the D5 bhp from 163 PS to 185 PS.įirst generation models S60 S60 Police specification (UK & EU) The Four-C chassis from the S60 R became an option on some S60s.

2016 volvo crossover models pro#

The HU-850 unit features a 225 or 335-watt power output (depending on optional external amplifier) with three presets: 2CH, 3CH and Dolby Digital Pro Logic II Surround Sound. The S60 came standard with Volvo's own radio unit, the HU-650 and an optional extra HU-850 unit. The interior featured a new pattern upholstery which differs from its original pattern.

2016 volvo crossover models full#

The S60 went through a final facelift in 2008 with full body-colored bumper and door inserts and larger emblem in the front and larger spaced out "V-O-L-V-O" letters in the rear. The interior received some updates as well, with new seats, trim, and an updated center console. The exterior was updated with body-colored side moldings and bumpers with chrome linings, as well as new headlamps replacing the original with black housing. Unlike its rivals, the Volvo S60 continued production for 9 years with multiple facelifts.

2016 volvo crossover models series#

The S60 is aimed to mainly compete in Europe with the BMW 3 Series (E46), the Mercedes-Benz C-Class (W203) and the Alfa Romeo 156. The Volvo S60 was released in 2000 (2001 model year) being the company's new generation sports sedan. The S60 was built on Volvo's P2 platform, which was shared with other Volvo models like the S80, V70, XC70 and finally the XC90.

[justcatering]

Javascript convert string to date

#Javascript convert string to date how to#

If you are looking for more advanced date formats, then you will need to create a custom format yourself. toUTCString() gives you Fri, 13:06:28 GMT.toGMTString() gives you Fri, 13:06:02 GMT.toLocaleString() gives you, 2:05:07 PM.toDateString() gives you Fri Jul 02 2021.toString() gives you Fri 14:03:54 GMT+0100 (British Summer Time).Each of these methods gives you a specific value: The date object has about seven formatting methods. In case you are curious to try this out, here is the code:👇 new Date().toLocaleDateString('en-us', ) And I thought that this was the best way until I recently figured out that we don’t always need to use libraries to format dates in JavaScript. I discovered that most developers do this a lot. But it gets really weird whenever I do this in small projects that require simple date formats which JavaScript offers by default. To solve this issue, you can use TRY_CAST(), TRY_CONVERT() or TRY_PARSE() functions to check if the value can be converted or not, if so, the function will return the conversion result, else it will return a NULL value.For a long time, I've used libraries like Date-fns whenever I need to format dates in JavaScript. As an example, many times you may face bad date values such as “” these values cannot be converted and will throw a data conversion exception. One of the main issues of the data type conversion functions is that they cannot handle the erroneous value. TRY_CAST(), TRY_CONVERT() and TRY_PARSE() As an example, if we try to parse value without passing the culture information, it will fail since “dd/MM/yyyy” is not supported by the default language settings.īut, if we pass “AR-LB” as culture (Arabic – Lebanon), where “dd/MM/yyyy” is supported, the conversion succeeds: If the culture info is not specified, PARSE() acts similar to CAST() function, but when the culture is passed within the expression, the function tries to convert the value to the desired data type using this culture.

#Javascript convert string to date how to#

How to convert from string to datetime?.

SQL Server: convert string to date implicitlyĪs mentioned above, converting a data type implicitly is not visible to the user, as an example when you are comparing two fields or values having different data types:įor more information about CONVERT() function and date style numbers, you can refer to the following articles: Note: Before we start, please note that some of the SQL statements used are meaningless from the data context perspective and are just used to explain the concept. In this article, we will explain how a string to date conversion can be achieved implicitly, or explicitly in SQL Server using built-in functions such as CAST(), TRY_CAST(), CONVERT(), TRY_CONVERT() and TRY_PARSE().

Explicit where conversions are visible to the user and they are performed using CAST or CONVERT functions or other tools.

Implicit where conversions are not visible to the user data type is changed while loading data without using any function.

In general, there are two types of data type conversions: In SQL Server, converting a string to date can be achieved in different approaches. Converting these values to a date data type is very important since dates may be more valuable during analysis. While working with raw data, you may frequently face date values stored as text.

[lonestarflight]

Concept Art of the Aerojet M-1 rocket motor, the largest designed and partially tested.

"The M-1 traces its history to US Air Force studies from the late 1950s for its launch needs in the 1960s. By 1961 these had evolved into the Space Launcher System design. The SLS consisted of a series of four rocket designs, all built around a series of solid-fuel boosters and liquid-hydrogen-powered upper stages.

The smallest model, intended to launch the Dyna-Soar, used two 100-inch (2,500 mm) solids and an "A" liquid core. To power the "A" booster, Aerojet was contracted to convert an LR-87, used in the Titan II missile, to run on liquid hydrogen. A prototype was successfully tested between 1958 and 1960. Initial studies of the 100-inch (2,500 mm) solid were also handed to Aerojet, starting in 1959.

The SLS also envisioned a number of much larger designs intended to launch the Air Force's Lunex Project crewed lunar landing. Lunex was a direct landing mission, in which a single very large spacecraft would fly to the Moon, land, and return. In order to launch such a design to low Earth orbit (LEO), a very large booster with a 125,000 lb (57,000 kg) payload would be required. These larger SLS designs followed the same basic outline as the smaller Dynasoar booster, but used much more powerful 180-inch (4,600 mm) solids and the "B" and "C" liquid stages. To provide the required power, the liquid stages mounted a cluster of twelve J-2s. To reduce this complexity, the Air Force also had Aerojet start studies of a much larger hydrogen-fueled design that would replace the twelve J-2s with only two engines. These initial studies would eventually emerge as the M-1, with a thrust of 1.2 million pounds force.

When NASA formed in 1958, they also started planning for a lunar landing. Like the Air Force, their Project Apollo initially favoured a direct ascent profile, requiring a large booster to launch the spacecraft into LEO. Prior to NASA taking over Wernher von Braun's Saturn work for the US Army, they had no large rocket designs of their own, and started a study program known as Nova to study a range of options. Initially, the payload requirements were fairly limited, and the favoured Nova designs used a first stage with four F-1 engines and a payload of about 50,000 lb (23,000 kg). These designs were presented to President Dwight D. Eisenhower on January 27, 1959.

However, the Apollo spacecraft requirements quickly grew, settling on a 10,000 lb (4,500 kg) spacecraft (the CSM) with a three-person crew. To launch such a craft to the Moon required a massive 125,000 lb (57,000 kg) payload to LEO. Nova designs of this capability were quickly presented with up to eight F-1 engines, along with much more powerful upper stages that demanded the M-1 engine. Thus, for a brief period, the M-1 was used on the baseline designs for both NASA's and the Air Force's lunar programs.

In 1961, President John F. Kennedy announced the goal of landing a person on the Moon before the decade was out. After a brief argument, NASA won the mission over the Air Force. However, Nova would require massive manufacturing capability that did not currently exist, and it was not clear that booster construction could be started in time for a landing before 1970. By 1962 they had decided to use von Braun's Saturn V design, which went through a process of re-design to produce a usable booster that could be built in the existing facilities at Michoud, Louisiana.

Uprating thrust, then cancellation

With the selection of Saturn for the lunar missions, work on Nova turned to the post-Apollo era. The designs were re-targeted for crewed planetary expeditions, namely a crewed landing on Mars. Even utilizing a lightweight mission profile like that selected for Apollo, a Mars mission required a truly massive payload of about one million pounds to low Earth orbit. This led to a second series of design studies, also known as Nova, although they were essentially unrelated to the earlier designs.

Many of the new designs used the M-1 as their second-stage engine, although demanding much higher payloads. In order to meet these goals, the M-1 project was uprated from 1.2 million pounds force to a nominal 1.5 million pounds force, and the designers deliberately added more turbopump capability to allow it to expand to at least 1.8 million and potentially up to 2.0 million pounds force. Additionally, the M-1 was even considered for a number of first-stage designs, in place of the F-1 or the 180-inch (4,600 mm) solids. For this role the specific impulse was dramatically reduced, and it appears that some consideration was given to various expanding nozzle designs to address this.

M-1 development continued through this period, although as the Apollo program expanded, NASA started cutting funding to the M-1 project in order to complete Saturn-related developments first. In 1965, another NASA project studied advanced versions of the Saturn, replacing the cluster of five J-2s on the S-II second stage with one M-1, five J-2Ts (an improved version of the J-2 with an aerospike nozzle), or a high-pressure engine known as the HG-3, which would later become the direct predecessor of the Space Shuttle's SSME.

By 1966 it was clear that present funding levels for NASA would not be maintained in the post-Apollo era. The Nova design studies ended that year, and the M-1 along with it. The last M-1 contract expired on August 24, 1965, although testing continued on existing funds until August 1966. Studies on the J-2T ended at the same time. Although the HG-3 was never built, its design formed the basis for the Space Shuttle Main Engine.

The final report (1966) found:

The feasibility of all major M-1 Engine components, except for the cooled chamber and the gas-cooled skirt, was demonstrated.

Performance data were obtained and the mechanical integrity was established for the injector, the fuel turbopump, the oxidizer turbopump, and the gas generator assembly. Also, it was established that these components are satisfactory for use in a demonstration engine.

Prototypes

Over the three-year lifetime of the project, a total of eight combustion chambers were built (two of them uncooled test units), eleven gas generators, four oxygen pumps, as well as four hydrogen pumps that were in the process of being completed.

Scaled down models of the pumps were used during design/development to 1963."

-Information from Wikipedia: link

source

[homegymequipmentqayl986-blog]

The Definitive Guide to Equipment Packages Perfect For Garage Gyms And Home Gyms

Quality 190 psi 28. 5 mm Rogue Ohio barbell with 230 lb of bumper plates with high-quality Rogue locking collars. Strong single piece cast kettlebells, (1) 35 lb and (1) 53 lb. Wood Rogue rings, med ball, ab mat and speed rope. Only includes 230 pounds of bumper plates, advanced professional athletes will need to invest in additional weight.

This set contains a couple of CrossFit devices extras like a 53 lb Rogue kettlebell, set of wood gymnastic rings and a Rogue medicine ball. This little set is perfect for those who have a home fitness center established, and want to update the barbell while snagging a few additionals at the same time.

5 mm Rogue Ohio barbell with 160 lb of Rogue bumper plates. One single cast strong iron 53 pound Rogue kettlebell. Set of premium Rogue wood gymnastic rings. Just includes 160 pounds of bumper plates. The majority of athletes will need more weight. Consists of spring collars instead of the Rogue locking collars.

The Of Top 9 Best Crossfit Equipment Packages For Home Gym 2020

If you are brand-new to CrossFit, keep https://www.washingtonpost.com/newssearch/?query=home gym equipment in mind, we were all there once. I understand what it's like your first day, your very first month and even what it resembles before you initial step through the doors of the box. Get a concept of what your first day will be like, and some fantastic tips for novices in this beginners guide to CrossFit I wrote simply for folks like you - indoor bikes.

If you are looking for some excellent CrossFit exercises, have a look at my collection of best CrossFit workouts to do from home. There are a number of exercises there that use little to no equipment so you can begin today. Keep in mind The CrossFit WOD is constantly published to the CrossFit.

It's a terrific resource. IMO, a barbell and bumper plate set is vital CrossFit health club devices. Take a look at the best barbells and best Olympic weight sets here. Do not forget to grab a set of CrossFit Friendly bumper plates. Would like to know more about how to select the finest bumper plate? Then keep reading! https://docs.google.com/document/d/1lmS_uIVUyRlOr5yWMP1WQpI7KJ4Kf_4zfc7V-J2mdjk/edit The Barbell! The barbell affects every lift.

Top Guidelines Of Garage & Home Gym Packages - Gym Equipment Bundles 2020

The one thing you do not wish to be stingy with is the barbell. capacity spin bend/flex diameter sturdiness knurl texture quality materials/coating maintenance the guarantee Considering that CrossFit integrates different lifts, crossfitters generally desire a multipurpose bar without any center https://1drv.ms/f/s!AgFJt1cqb930cVsMtesEFaYxVJo knurling. This bar will have dual markings, a bare center, good knurl, good whip and be coupled with barbell collars that do not ride or move when dropped.

I am not going to get into the ins and outs of barbells here, but if you want an in-depth take a look at the distinctions in between barbells for CrossFit and barbells for other sports like weight lifting or powerlifting, I blogged about that here. The barbell is the most important aspect to consider when selecting the very best CrossFit bundle for your gym, and it is the focal point of the CrossFit home gym - stairmaster gauntlet.

They have a consistent diameter, however differ in density. So why are they utilized in CrossFit instead of normal iron weight plates? Due to the fact that CrossFitters are known for lifting to their max, to failure, and after that dropping the weights. The consistent size and rubber coating trigger less damage to the floor, barbell and plates themselves, not to mention less sound than dropping standard plates.

60 Best Crossfit - Garage Gym Images - Questions

Usage bumper plates if you drop the weights. If you are thinking about including standard weight lifting as an addition to your CrossFit routine, take an appearance at this guide I developed that shows you the finest weight lifting equipment for home - glute machine. I extremely motivate any person who is constructing a weight lifting health club, including a CrossFit fitness center, to set up a rack or cage for security functions.

It can also include variety, increase the number of exercises you can do, and supplies a built-in pull up bar. I personally think a rack or cage makes a house health club look more complete and professional also, making it a place you take pride in and wish to hang out in.

If you wish to see more check out this list of important CrossFit devices for house or garage gym so you do not miss any critical CrossFit devices in your house box. Every CrossFit health club requires a cardio alternative. That's what the Metcon is all about, right? While you can certainly do cardio without costly devices, it's great to have a "go-to" piece like an air bike or rower to make preparing the workout easy.

[itcars]

First Look: The Audi AI:Trail Quattro Concept 

Audi is completing its quartet of visionary vehicles by showcasing a forward-looking electric off-roader at the 2019 Frankfurt Motor Show. The Audi AI:Trail Quattro, a concept for sustainable mobility off the beaten track, is one of four use case vehicles projecting Vorsprung durch Technik into the future.

The four-seater Audi AI:TRAIL quattro combines the capacity for automated driving with off-road capabilities. The glass surrounding the cabin extends all the way to ground level, providing unrivaled all-round visibility. The battery capacity ensures sufficient range even away from dense networks of charging stations.

The “Trail” part of the name evokes the idea of exploring nature. That is why there are no big screens on board for streaming TV series or videoconferencing; instead, broad glass surfaces provide a clear view of the surroundings.

Technology that’s plain to see – the exterior

With an exterior length of 4.15 meters and a width of 2.15 meters, the brawny Audi AI:TRAIL’s potential away from paved roads is immediately apparent. The roof height of 1.67 meters and the enormous 22-inch wheels with 850 mm tires hint at the vehicle’s excellent off-road capabilities even when it is standing still. With a ground clearance of an impressive 34 centimeters, it can ford through water more than half a meter deep.

On rough, rocky terrain, this architecture provides plenty of agility without the battery unit integrated in the floor coming into contact with the ground.

The cabin itself is an extensively glazed space surrounded by polygonal shapes, with room for up to four people. One characteristic feature—and one that indicates the vehicle’s kinship with Aicon and AI:ME—is the protruding ridge halfway up the side windows. This line continues to both the front and rear and acts as a waistline uniting the entire body in one monolithic whole.

With the electric drive system arranged around the axles and the battery in the floor, there is no need for overhanging sections or separate attachments for the motor or batteries. Something else that the four visionary Audi vehicles at IAA 2019 will be demonstrating is that the one-box design is becoming the gold standard for the age of the electric vehicle.

Light weight and maximum body stiffness are, of course, important technical objectives for off-roaders in particular. That is why the body of the Audi AI:TRAIL is made of a mixture of high-tech steel, aluminium and carbon fiber. As a result, it weighs just 1,750 kilograms (3,858.09 lb) despite its high-capacity battery.

With the Audi AI:TRAIL, form follows function. In the interior, the side window ridges give passengers space where they objectively need it the most—around their shoulders and elbows. They also provide extra space where they subjectively perceive it most acutely, as the way in which the side windows extend down low opens up a clear view down to the ground, even between the wheels. The aim of the designers here was to give those inside the vehicle the best possible view of nature and their surroundings, breaking the boundaries between the interior and the world outside. When the car is moving, the occupants’ gaze is not merely focused on the terrain ahead but is free to wander and happen upon little details in the open spaces around them. In the AI:TRAIL, passengers can relax and enjoy the tranquility of the ride without even having to think about it.

Helicopter-style all-round visibility

The windscreen wraps around the front of the vehicle like the cockpit of a helicopter. Passengers have an unobstructed view of the road or trail both in front and to the sides. Nor is it just the front and sides that are transparent and covered in glass. Almost the entire roof, from the top of the windscreen to the rear spoiler, allows a clear view of the sky and the landscape. Even the vertical Singleframe is glazed, with only the four rings of the badge sitting in their customary position in what is otherwise a glass octagon.

Both the windscreen and the tailgate open wide, providing easy access to large storage compartments with straps to keep luggage secure in transit. Integrated in the bumper at the rear is another separate compartment for dirty items such as hiking boots, climbing gear or wet clothing.

The side sills beneath the opposing doors act as retractable running boards. This makes it easier to load and unload the roof rack. Instead of bulky wheel wells, horizontal wings are all that sit above the four wheels. That makes it possible to see the suspension in action from the cockpit even during travel.

Bulky transverse links and MacPherson suspension struts with coil springs and adaptive dampers provide suitable robustness and ensure safe driving stability. The special tire design becomes apparent at first glance, as the profile appears to be drawn all the way up into the high tire sidewalls. However, behind it lies a structure of supporting struts, which are integrated in the treads, and the actual surface. This design allows the tires themselves—in addition to the suspension struts—to contribute a further 60 millimeters of suspension travel. Aside from improved off-road capability, this provides the occupants with an enormous amount of additional comfort.

The tires also feature variable, sensor-controlled air pressure regulation. Optical sensors and electronic stability control (ESC) work together to detect the condition of the road surface and adjust the air pressure in the tires accordingly. As regards traction, it can be useful to reduce the pressure, such as when driving on sand, and thereby increase the tire contact patch. By the same token, increasing the pressure again when switching to asphalt increases drive stability.

Reduction as a principle of style – the interior

The interior of the Audi AI:TRAIL is uncluttered and spacious, and it has just a few visible control elements. There are two comfortable-looking, almost delicate seat shells in the front row, both equipped with four-point seat belts. Light colors dominate the upper interior area down to the level of the seat cushion and the low dashboard. The openness to the outside world appears all the more present; the occupant’s eye is drawn to the large glass areas in the front and side sections and guided through the almost fully glazed roof.

Pedals, a yoke for a steering wheel, a few buttons, and a smartphone attached to the steering column as a display and control center for vehicle functions and navigation—those are all the elements there are for the interaction between the driver and the vehicle.

The whole color concept with its blue and grey surfaces and earthy tones emphasizes the connection between the interior and the surrounding nature. The sense of touch adds to this perception, with rough, granular surfaces indicating functional qualities. Smooth wool felt in the luggage compartment provides a cozy contrast. Like in previous concept cars, the Audi designers also use recycled materials in the AI:TRAIL. The carpet is made of reprocessed wool with recycled leather, both of which are sustainable and durable, and feature excellent acoustic and climatic properties.

There is storage space between the seats and also under the windscreen. Tensioning straps secure any stowed objects, which can also be loaded from the outside through the upward-folding windscreen. Seat belt retractors ensure that the tensioning straps always have optimum tension.

The second row features a novelty in the form of two seats designed like hammocks. When taut and tensioned in a transportable tubular frame, panels of fabric form a comfortable seating surface and backrest, and the backrest that is drawn around to the side even provides lateral support. These seats are good for relaxation in more ways than one, as they can even be taken out of the AI:TRAIL and used as mobile outdoor chairs.

Eyes in the sky

Mobility and multi-functionality are features of the Audi AI:TRAIL’s light sources as well. Instead of conventional headlights, self-contained light sources sit below the A-pillars and can shine both outward and inward. These LED elements are dimmable and adjustable and can be used as interior lighting as well as for lighting the vehicle’s path. The rear light operates in a similar way. Extending across the full width of the rear section, this element can be used to illuminate the luggage compartment and as distinctive signature lighting for the exterior.

Instead of conventional low beams and high beams, the Audi AI:TRAIL is equipped with a total of five rotorless, triangular, electrically operated drones with integrated matrix LED elements. They are capable of landing on a roof rack or directly on the roof of the vehicle, and docking onto the inductive charging elements.

The flying objects are Audi Light Pathfinders, which generate their lift in the same way as bladeless fans produce their air flow. Thanks to their markedly lightweight design, they can fly ahead of the AI:TRAIL, consuming comparably little energy in the process, and illuminate the path ahead, thereby replacing headlights entirely. If desired, the on-board cameras generate a video image that can be transmitted to the display in front of the driver via Wi-Fi, turning the Pathfinders into eyes in the sky.

When the AI:TRAIL is stationary, the drones can also illuminate the surrounding area from their position on the roof; for example, when the occupants are enjoying a picnic next to the vehicle. They can also illuminate the interior through the transparent panoramic roof if the occupants prefer to remain inside the vehicle.

The drones, which are coordinated fully automatically by the AI:TRAIL, usually fly at least in pairs. If necessary, they can also provide additional light intensity or illuminate the area around the vehicle by coming together to form groups of up to five drones. The occupants can simply use control software on their smartphones to set their desired scenario.

The Audi Light Companion is just as easy to use. This is a light source that is shaped like a large flashlight but has a much more extensive range of functions. It is normally magnetically attached to the front side of the seat, where it acts as ambient lighting. However, you can also take the Light Companion with you when you leave the AI:TRAIL, and this is when it really shows what it can do. Integrated in its housing are three legs that can be used to stand the light in place and turn it into a campfire light or a close-range floodlight. The housing also accommodates several cameras that can scan the way ahead or take videos of the scenery, which can then be uploaded directly so social media.

However, that is not the end of the Audi Light Companion’s talents. When integrated with the AI:TRAIL’s navigation system, it is capable of projecting directional symbols and even written information onto a route and thereby helping AI:TRAIL users to find their way around when hiking.

Audi AI – on the road to smart mobility

Audi AI:ME and Audi Aicon: two concept cars whose very names refer to the new, two-letter abbreviation under which Audi is bundling an entire cluster of innovative mobility technologies. There is now a new member of the family in the form of the AI:TRAIL. Audi AI is the code for a variety of electronic systems that relieve strain on drivers and simultaneously offer them new ways to use the time spent in the car. To this end, Audi AI also uses strategies and technologies from the field of artificial intelligence and machine learning. Audi AI combines vehicle intelligence, which makes automated driving possible in the first place, and interaction intelligence, which turns the vehicle into the occupants’ partner.

Audi AI systems are capable of learning and thinking, while also being proactive and personal. Thanks to Audi AI, models bearing the four rings will be both intelligent and empathetic in the future. They will be able to continually interact with their surroundings and passengers and thus adapt themselves in a better way than ever before to the requirements of those on board.

Automated driving on roads, driver assistance in rough terrain

What is already established in rail transportation and aviation is now at the threshold of a breakthrough in automotive transportation—automated driving. The Audi AI:TRAIL is designed for driving on roads up to level 4.

Level 4 is the second-highest level on a standardized international scale for increasing automation. Although systems in this category do not require any assistance on the part of the driver, their function is limited to a specific area—such as highways or areas of inner cities equipped with suitable infrastructure. In these places, the driver can completely transfer the task of driving to the system. The driver needs to resume the task only when the car leaves the area defined for fully automated driving. The Audi AI:TRAIL is therefore equipped with the traditional steering wheel and pedals.

Discovering life at a slower pace – the drive system

The performance specifications for the Audi AI:TRAIL are markedly different from those for conventional automobiles. That is because the car’s development was not about achieving remarkably quick acceleration or hitting extreme speeds on the autobahn.

Given that the AI:TRAIL is intended for use in areas without charging infrastructure, the thing that really draws the attention is its range. The stated target with its lithium-ion battery is 248 to 310 miles on roads or easy off-road terrain (in line with the WLTP). On rough ground, where the almost constantly elevated wheel slip alone means that energy consumption is higher, the limit is still an impressive 155 miles.

In order to meet these requirements, the vehicle is designed to reach a maximum speed of 80mph on the road. The vehicle electronics continuously monitor the energy flow and consumption, thereby ensuring maximum economy even during off-road driving.

In terms of drive hardware, the Audi AI:TRAIL is equipped with four electric motors installed near the wheels, each of which propels one wheel directly. As is typical for Audi, the off-roader is therefore a true quattro. The maximum system output is 320 kilowatts and the maximum torque is 1,000 Newton-metres (737.6 lb-ft). Usually only a fraction of this power is mobilised; the drive of just one axle is often sufficient.

Due to the individually propelled wheels, the vehicle can do without differentials and locks, which also consume energy. Thanks to the moderately calculated maximum speed, the gear ratio can be designed such that every wheel is provided with enough torque even without a multi-speed transmission.

[usafphantom2]

Ronnie Bell Following

Mitsubishi Ki-2

The Ki-2 was a low-wing cantilever monoplane with corrugated metal alloy decking and twin fins and rudders, and had fixed divided landing gear. It was powered by two 435 kW (583 hp) Nakajima Kotobuki radial engines. Maximum speed was 225 km/h (140 mph), normal range 900 km (560 mi) and maximum take-off weight 4,550 kg (10,030 lb). Single 7.7 mm (.303 in) machine guns were mounted in a semi-enclosed nose gun turret and a dorsal position, and maximum bomb load was 500 kg (1,100 lb).

The Ki-2 was, like its stable mate the Mitsubishi Ki-1, based on the Junkers S36 first flown in 1927. Militarized into the Junkers K37 by Junker's Swedish subsidiary AB Flygindustri at Limhamn near Malmö in Sweden, it was able to reach altitudes not reachable for the fighter aircraft of 1927. However, as soon as 1930 this advantage was lost due to British developments such as the Bristol Bulldog fighter, and Junkers was not successful in selling the design. However, in 1931, representatives of the Mitsubishi Nainenki K.K. in Japan visited the Limhamn facilities to study some of the military conversions of Junkers aircraft, and purchased the sole K37 prototype S-AABP (ex D-1252 S36-prototype) as well as all development papers and a signed a contract for licensed production.

The K37 prototype was brought to Japan and tested in combat in the Manchurian Incident of 1931, following which the Imperial Japanese Army Air Force authorized Mitsubishi to produce both heavy and light bomber variations. The heavy bomber version, the Ki-1, was much larger than the original Junkers K37 and first flew in August 1932.

The light bomber version, the Mitsubishi Ki-2, flew for the first time in May 1933. It was much smaller than the Ki-1 and was much closer to the original K37 concept. While the fuselage was redesigned by Mitsubishi, the wings were kept unchanged, except for additional ailerons. Mitsubishi built total of 113 aircraft and an additional 13 aircraft built by Kawasaki from 1933-1936.

Via Flickr