#multidisciplinary knowledge for IAS

[analyticsias-blog]

Segregated UPSC Previous Question Paper 

Scope and Sociology Relationship with Other Social Science 

Scope and Sociology Relationship with Other Social Science 

From the viewpoint of growing importance of multidisciplinary, how do you 

Scope and Sociology Relationship with Other Social Science .

From the viewpoint of growing importance of multidisciplinary, how do you relate sociology to other social sciences 2021,UPSC

Discuss the changing equation of discipline of Sociology with other Social Sciences. 2017, UPSC

Compare and contrast Sociology with Anthropology 2013,UPSC

“Sociology without History is rootless and History without Sociology is fruitless.” Elaborate. 2010, UPSC

Sociology and Common sense 

How is Sociology related to common Sense. 2021, UPSC

The focal point of sociology rests on interaction. How do you distinguish it from common sense? 2018,UPSC

Analytics IAS: The Best Online Sociology Optional Coaching Platform

When it comes to preparing for the Best Teacher for UPSC Sociology Optional, Analytics IAS stands out as the leading online coaching platform, with an impressive success rate of 90%. Known for its well-structured curriculum and expert faculty, Analytics IAS has become the preferred choice for aspirants aiming to ace the UPSC examination.

Why Choose Analytics IAS for Sociology Optional?

Experienced Faculty: Analytics IAS boasts a team of highly qualified and experienced Sociology educators who bring a wealth of knowledge and insight into the subject. Their teaching methodology bridges theoretical understanding with practical application, ensuring a solid grasp of concepts.

Comprehensive Study Material: The platform offers meticulously curated study materials that cover the entire Sociology Optional syllabus. These resources are regularly updated to align with the latest UPSC trends and examination patterns.

Interactive Live Classes: The live sessions at Analytics IAS are designed to be highly interactive, encouraging students to clarify doubts and participate actively in discussions. These sessions create a classroom-like atmosphere, even in the online mode.

Personalized Mentorship: Understanding that every aspirant’s journey is unique, Analytics IAS provides personalized mentorship. This includes regular performance reviews, one-on-one doubt-clearing sessions, and tailored strategies to strengthen weak areas.

Test Series and Feedback: The coaching includes rigorous test series to simulate real exam conditions. Detailed feedback and evaluation help students refine their answer-writing skills, which are critical for excelling in the Sociology Optional paper.

Proven Track Record: Analytics IAS has consistently produced top-ranking candidates in UPSC who have credited the platform for its role in their success. Its high success rate speaks volumes about the effectiveness of its teaching approach.

A One-Stop Solution for Sociology Optional

Analytics IAS is not just a coaching platform; it’s a complete solution for Sociology aspirants. From foundational concepts to advanced topics, it ensures a seamless learning experience that equips students to tackle even the most challenging questions with confidence.

For UPSC aspirants seeking expert guidance, interactive learning, and consistent results, Analytics IAS remains the #1 choice for Best Teacher for UPSC Sociology Optional. Join Analytics IAS and turn your aspirations into achievements. 

[nithiyanantha]

The Role of IAS in Implementing the National Education Policy

The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 is a groundbreaking initiative aimed at overhauling the educational landscape of India. As the country strives to become a global knowledge hub, the role of the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) becomes crucial in ensuring the effective implementation of this policy. This blog will explore the various responsibilities of IAS officers in the NEP’s rollout, focusing on innovative strategies, challenges, and the transformative impact of education on communities, particularly in areas like study hall in Coimbatore.

Understanding the National Education Policy

The NEP 2020 aims to make education more inclusive, holistic, and adaptable to the rapidly changing world. It emphasizes critical thinking, creativity, and skill development rather than rote learning. Key features of the NEP include:

National Educational Technology Forum: To integrate technology into education.

Multilingual Education: To promote regional languages alongside English and Hindi.

Higher Education Reforms: To encourage multidisciplinary studies.

Vocational Education: To enhance employability and skill development.

The successful implementation of such a comprehensive policy requires robust governance and effective management, areas where IAS officers play a vital role.

The Role of IAS Officers in Implementing NEP

1. Policy Formulation and Framework Development

IAS officers are often at the forefront of policy formulation. Their insights and expertise help in crafting an educational framework that aligns with the NEP's vision. In this phase, they engage with educational experts, stakeholders, and community leaders to gather input and tailor the policy to meet local needs.

In Coimbatore, for instance, IAS officers work closely with local educational institutions and NGOs to understand the unique challenges faced by students and educators. This collaboration ensures that the strategies developed are relevant and effective, leading to a more impactful implementation.

2. Capacity Building and Training of Educators

The NEP emphasizes the importance of teacher training and professional development. IAS officers are responsible for creating and executing training programs that empower educators with the skills necessary to adopt innovative teaching methodologies. They often organize workshops, seminars, and hands-on training sessions to facilitate this process.

In the context of study hall in Coimbatore, IAS officers can collaborate with local training institutions to develop specialized courses that help teachers implement the NEP effectively. This focus on capacity building directly translates to better learning outcomes for students.

3. Infrastructure Development

A significant component of the NEP is the emphasis on upgrading educational infrastructure. IAS officers play a crucial role in assessing current facilities and identifying areas that require improvement. This includes renovating existing schools, constructing new educational institutions, and ensuring that all facilities are equipped with the necessary resources.

In regions like Coimbatore, the IAS can work with local governments to secure funding for educational projects, ensuring that schools have modern amenities such as libraries, laboratories, and technology hubs. This development is vital for creating conducive learning environments, especially in places like the study hall in Coimbatore.

4. Monitoring and Evaluation

For any policy to succeed, continuous monitoring and evaluation are essential. IAS officers are tasked with establishing frameworks to assess the implementation of the NEP regularly. They analyze data, gather feedback from educators, parents, and students, and make adjustments as necessary.

In Coimbatore, this could involve conducting surveys to understand the effectiveness of new teaching methodologies or the impact of technology integration in classrooms. This data-driven approach allows for responsive governance and ensures that educational policies are meeting their intended goals.

5. Community Engagement and Awareness

A key element in the successful implementation of the NEP is community engagement. IAS officers often lead initiatives to raise awareness about the benefits of the policy among parents and local communities. By conducting outreach programs, they can foster support for educational reforms and encourage parental involvement in their children’s education.

In Coimbatore, this could take the form of community workshops held in study halls where parents are educated about the NEP’s objectives and how they can contribute to their children’s learning journey. Engaging the community not only builds support for educational initiatives but also fosters a culture of learning that extends beyond the classroom.

6. Collaboration with Private Sector and NGOs

The NEP promotes a collaborative approach to education, encouraging partnerships between government bodies, private institutions, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). IAS officers are instrumental in facilitating these collaborations. They can bridge the gap between public and private entities, ensuring that resources and expertise are pooled together for maximum impact.

In the case of study hall in Coimbatore, IAS officers can collaborate with private educational firms to introduce innovative learning tools or with NGOs focused on providing education to underprivileged children. These partnerships can lead to the development of inclusive educational programs that cater to diverse learning needs.

7. Addressing Socio-Economic Barriers

One of the challenges in implementing the NEP is addressing the socio-economic barriers that prevent students from accessing quality education. IAS officers are tasked with identifying these barriers and developing targeted strategies to mitigate them. This includes ensuring that scholarships and financial aid programs are accessible to disadvantaged groups.

In Coimbatore, IAS officers can work with local authorities to identify families in need and create initiatives that support their children’s education, such as after-school programs or tutoring sessions in community study halls. This holistic approach not only aligns with the NEP's goals but also promotes social equity in education.

8. Integrating Technology in Education

The NEP emphasizes the integration of technology into the education system, a task that falls significantly on the shoulders of IAS officers. They are responsible for promoting digital literacy among educators and students and ensuring that schools are equipped with the necessary technological infrastructure.

In Coimbatore, IAS officers can advocate for the establishment of computer labs in schools, provide training for teachers on using educational technology, and develop online learning resources that make education more accessible. This focus on technology is crucial in preparing students for the demands of the 21st century.

9. Promoting Inclusive Education

The NEP emphasizes the need for inclusive education that accommodates students with disabilities and those from marginalized communities. IAS officers play a pivotal role in ensuring that educational institutions are equipped to support diverse learners.

They can facilitate training programs for teachers on inclusive practices, ensuring that all students receive a quality education. In Coimbatore, this might include creating awareness campaigns that promote the benefits of inclusive classrooms and support systems in study halls that cater to students with varying needs.

10. Advocacy for Policy Support and Resources

Lastly, IAS officers are responsible for advocating for the necessary resources and support from higher authorities to implement the NEP effectively. This includes lobbying for increased funding, resources, and support for educational initiatives at the state and national levels.

In Coimbatore, they can engage with local government representatives to ensure that education remains a priority, securing investments that can enhance the learning environment in study halls and other educational institutions. This advocacy is crucial for sustaining long-term educational reforms.

Conclusion

The successful implementation of the National Education Policy 2020 hinges on the effective involvement of IAS officers. Their multifaceted role—ranging from policy formulation and capacity building to community engagement and advocacy—ensures that the objectives of the NEP are met.

As India embarks on this journey towards educational transformation, the commitment of IAS officers to drive these changes will be instrumental. In regions like Coimbatore, their efforts to enhance educational infrastructure, promote inclusivity, and integrate technology will create a lasting impact on the future of education.

In a world where knowledge is power, empowering our educators and students is crucial. With the right support and innovative strategies, the vision of the NEP can become a reality, making quality education accessible for all.

#studyhallinCoimbatore

[vajiraoandreddyiasinstitute52]

Vajirao and Reddy, IAS Coaching in Delhi guide the importance of current affairs -

In the case of competitive exams, staying up-to-date with the latest news is not just a good thing but is also an essential requirement. It is hard to overstate the significance of current events when preparing for a test that is competitive because it affects the exam's success in significant ways. In this informative blog article we will discuss the reason why those prepared for competitive exams need to be aware of the current news that are crucial. We'll discuss ways to keep current news or the most effective IAS Coaching in Delhi up-to-date can significantly boost your chances of achieving success, in everything from the impact on exam syllabus to its impact on the overall exam score. Let's look at the importance of current events in preparing you for the tough test.

Relevance for tests in competitive environments Tests for competitiveness

Define the motives for the necessity of current affairs-related knowledge to be successful across a range of industries such as competitive tests.

Examiners will be evaluating the general knowledge of applicants as well as their analytical capabilities and their ability to make a decision by assessing their understanding of current events.

Sort of Current Affairs Concerns--

Explore the vast array of topics in current affairs including international and national news, politics research breakthroughs, scientific discoveries, and socioeconomic issues.

Stress the multidisciplinary nature of contemporary affairs and require candidates to possess a thorough understanding of a variety of fields.

The Value of Maintaining Current--

It is essential to stay up-to-date with current events and developments through regular daily reading of magazines, newspapers and news websites on the internet.

Discussion about how having a grasp of current events can improve not only tests but also broadens the view on the globe.

As students realize the significance of current events to exams and the importance of it that they recognize the necessity of incorporating the current events in their schedule of study. Let's look into the exam syllabuses contain current events.

Current Affairs in the Exam Syllabus Functions--

The reality it is that events from the past are mentioned in the syllabuses for competitive tests highlights its importance as a major factor that influences the candidates' preparation and ability for various positions. In this section the crucial role of current events on the syllabus for tests:

Flexibility and Practical Use--

Discuss how current events aid candidates assess their ability to adapt and apply their knowledge to real-world situations.

Discuss the way that questions based on current events and topics require candidates who demonstrate problem-solving skills as well as decision-making skills. an understanding of the latest problems.

If candidates are aware of the important importance of current events in the syllabus for their test They will appreciate the importance of giving the current events top priority throughout their exam plans. We will explore further how knowledge of current events impacts the test score and results.

Inclusion in Sections Examining--

Highlight how the test syllabuses incorporate the current events in separate elements or parts.

Provide examples of tests for competitive exams which include general understanding of current affairs or general knowledge and special sections devoted to current events.

Discuss the importance placed on sections that deal with current events in test design and scoring guidelines. Stress the importance of it in determining candidates' competitiveness. Explain how the success of sections on current events helps determine the general test rank and scores.

Relevance to Exam Objectives

Find out how your the knowledge of current events fits the objectives of tests for competitiveness that usually seek to assess applicants' understanding of current events as well as their capacity for the critical analysis of difficult problems.

Candidates should demonstrate their ability to work in changing sociopolitical environments and contribute significantly to their chosen fields by demonstrating their knowledge of the current political climate.

Conclusion--

As we close our exhaustive investigation of the importance of current Affairs as well as the most efficient UPSC coaching in Delhi for Exam Preparation for Competitive Exam Preparation, it's evident that knowing current affairs isn't just an added advantage, but is also an essential requirement for success in competitive exams.

[vetriiasstudycircle]

Environmental Ecology and Climate Change: A Comprehensive Preparation Guide for IAS Aspirants

Environmental Ecology and Climate Change have emerged as critical topics in the Civil Services Examination conducted by the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC). Understanding the intricate interplay between environmental factors, ecological systems, and climate change is essential for aspirants aiming to excel in this prestigious examination. In this article, we'll delve into a comprehensive preparation guide, outlining effective strategies and techniques for mastering Environmental Ecology and Climate Change for the IAS Exam, with insights from Vetrii IAS Study Circle, a renowned coaching institute in Chennai.

Grasping the Syllabus and Exam Pattern

The first step towards preparing for Environmental Ecology and Climate Change is to thoroughly understand the syllabus and exam pattern prescribed by the UPSC. The syllabus covers a wide range of topics, including environmental degradation, conservation efforts, biodiversity conservation, environmental laws, and international conventions on climate change. Vetrii IAS Study Circle provides detailed insights into the syllabus, enabling aspirants to strategize their preparation effectively.

Building a Strong Foundation in Environmental Science

Environmental Ecology and Climate Change require a multidisciplinary approach, encompassing elements of environmental science, ecology, climatology, and geology. Aspirants should focus on building a strong foundation in fundamental concepts such as ecosystem dynamics, biogeochemical cycles, climate change mechanisms, and environmental impact assessment. Vetrii IAS Study Circle offers specialized coaching to develop conceptual clarity and analytical skills in environmental science.

Understanding the Impact of Climate Change

Climate change poses significant challenges to environmental sustainability, human well-being, and global development. Aspirants should analyze the causes, consequences, and mitigation strategies of climate change, including adaptation measures, renewable energy technologies, and international climate agreements. Vetrii IAS Study Circle incorporates case studies, research findings, and policy discussions into its curriculum, enabling aspirants to understand the multifaceted nature of climate change.

Exploring Environmental Policies and Laws

Environmental governance plays a crucial role in addressing environmental challenges and promoting sustainable development. Aspirants should familiarize themselves with national and international environmental policies, laws, and regulatory frameworks. Vetrii IAS Study Circle provides comprehensive guidance on environmental governance mechanisms, enabling aspirants to analyze environmental policies, evaluate their effectiveness, and propose policy recommendations.

Integrating Current Affairs and Case Studies

Environmental issues are dynamic and constantly evolving, requiring aspirants to stay updated with recent developments, scientific research findings, and policy initiatives. Aspirants should analyze current affairs related to environmental ecology and climate change, including natural disasters, environmental conservation efforts, and climate change mitigation strategies. Vetrii IAS Study Circle integrates current affairs and case studies into its curriculum, enabling aspirants to apply theoretical knowledge to real-world scenarios.

Practicing Answer Writing and Diagram Drawing

Effective answer writing and diagram drawing are essential skills for scoring high marks in the environmental ecology paper of the IAS Exam. Aspirants should practice writing concise and structured answers, incorporating relevant environmental concepts, examples, and diagrams. Vetrii IAS Study Circle conducts regular answer writing sessions and diagram drawing exercises, providing constructive feedback and guidance to aspirants to improve their writing skills and presentation.

Revision and Practice Tests

Regular revision and practice tests are essential for reinforcing environmental concepts and evaluating preparedness for the examination. Aspirants should allocate sufficient time for revision of topics covered and solve previous years' question papers to assess their preparation level. Vetrii IAS Study Circle emphasizes the importance of revision through revision classes, practice quizzes, and mock tests, enabling aspirants to identify areas for improvement and refine their exam-taking strategies.

Conclusion: Excel in Environmental Ecology and Climate Change with Vetrii IAS Study Circle

Mastering Environmental Ecology and Climate Change is essential for success in the IAS Exam, and with effective strategies and guidance from Vetrii IAS Study Circle in Chennai, aspirants can achieve their goal of cracking the examination. Start your journey towards success in Environmental Ecology and Climate Change today with Vetrii IAS Study Circle and pave the way for a bright future in the Indian Administrative Service!

Visit Vetrii IAS Study Circle's website to learn more about their environmental ecology coaching programs and enrol today for expert guidance and comprehensive preparation!

[riimsblog]

What is the syllabus of Anthropology?

One of the most popular optional subjects in the UPSC Civil Services Exam is Anthropology. Being a comprehensive science, it also touches on several aspects of sociology, archaeology, biology, and primatology, including the evolution of humans. Because it deepens our awareness of ourselves and our society, this multidisciplinary approach makes it intriguing to study.

Paper I - deals with the portion of the discipline that straddles the Humanities and Science. It contains many research methodologies for examining a range of topics, such as social structure, religion, economic systems, etc.

Paper II - principally emphasizes on Indian Society and Tribes, including the cultural diversity of the tribe and the challenges they are currently experiencing as a result of contemporary forces of change.

Additionally, it contains government initiatives for their development, which are highly dynamic and comprise recent advances.

The UPSC Anthropology syllabus for the optional topic in the IAS Mains examination covers a wide range of topics related to anthropology. While the specific details may vary, a typical syllabus includes:

The UPSC optional Anthropology syllabus for the IAS Exam preparation focuses on the candidate's ability to understand the subject as science and apply the knowledge to problems faced by candidates.

Introduction to AnthropologyEvolution of Anthropological ThoughtMethods and Research in AnthropologyPhysical AnthropologySocial AnthropologyAnthropological TheoriesIndian Anthropology

Prehistoric AnthropologyCultural AnthropologySocial Change and ModernizationTribes in IndiaIndian Society: Structure and ChangeReligion and SocietyGlobalization and Human Rights

Candidates preparing for the UPSC Anthropology optional paper should refer to the official UPSC website for the most up-to-date and detailed syllabus. Additionally, referring to relevant textbooks and study materials is essential to cover each topic comprehensively. This optional subject offers a complete understanding of human societies and cultures, making it a valuable choice for aspirants interested in anthropology.

[riimcollegepune]

What is the syllabus of Anthropology?

One of the most popular optional subjects in the UPSC Civil Services Exam is Anthropology. Being a comprehensive science, it also touches on several aspects of sociology, archaeology, biology, and primatology, including the evolution of humans. Because it deepens our awareness of ourselves and our society, this multidisciplinary approach makes it intriguing to study.

Paper I - deals with the portion of the discipline that straddles the Humanities and Science. It contains many research methodologies for examining a range of topics, such as social structure, religion, economic systems, etc.

Paper II - principally emphasizes on Indian Society and Tribes, including the cultural diversity of the tribe and the challenges they are currently experiencing as a result of contemporary forces of change.

Additionally, it contains government initiatives for their development, which are highly dynamic and comprise recent advances.

The UPSC Anthropology syllabus for the optional topic in the IAS Mains examination covers a wide range of topics related to anthropology. While the specific details may vary, a typical syllabus includes:

The UPSC optional Anthropology syllabus for the IAS Exam preparation focuses on the candidate's ability to understand the subject as science and apply the knowledge to problems faced by candidates.

Introduction to AnthropologyEvolution of Anthropological ThoughtMethods and Research in AnthropologyPhysical AnthropologySocial AnthropologyAnthropological TheoriesIndian Anthropology

Prehistoric AnthropologyCultural AnthropologySocial Change and ModernizationTribes in IndiaIndian Society: Structure and ChangeReligion and SocietyGlobalization and Human Rights

Candidates preparing for the UPSC Anthropology optional paper should refer to the official UPSC website for the most up-to-date and detailed syllabus. Additionally, referring to relevant textbooks and study materials is essential to cover each topic comprehensively. This optional subject offers a complete understanding of human societies and cultures, making it a valuable choice for aspirants interested in anthropology.

[diademy-ias]

Unlocking Success in UPSC Exams: A Comprehensive Analysis of Commerce Optional

In the highly competitive realm of UPSC (Union Public Service Commission) examinations, choosing the right optional subject is paramount. One such option that has garnered attention and is gaining popularity is Commerce. In this article, we will delve into a detailed analysis of Commerce optional for UPSC exams and connect the content with the renowned coaching institute, DIADEMY IAS, known for its exceptional guidance and resources.

Why Choose Commerce Optional for UPSC?

Before we dive into the specifics, let's understand why Commerce is an attractive option for UPSC aspirants:

1. Scoring Potential: Commerce is often considered a high-scoring subject due to its logical and structured nature. With the right guidance and resources, you can secure impressive marks.

2. Background Advantage: For candidates with a commerce background, choosing this optional subject can be advantageous as it leverages your existing knowledge.

3. Interdisciplinary: Commerce encompasses aspects of economics, finance, and business, making it a multidisciplinary subject that enriches your understanding of various aspects of governance and economics.

Analyzing the UPSC Commerce Optional Syllabus

The Commerce optional syllabus for UPSC is divided into two papers: Paper I and Paper II.

Paper I - Financial Accounting and Corporate Accounting (150 marks):

This paper primarily focuses on:

- Financial Accounting

- Corporate Accounting

Paper II - Business Organization and Management (150 marks):

Paper II explores the following topics:

- Business Organization

- Business Management

- Industrial Relations

- Human Resource Management

Benefits of Choosing UPSC Commerce Optional

1. Relevance to Governance: Commerce is highly relevant to understanding the economic and financial aspects of governance. It equips you with the knowledge needed to analyze economic policies and their impact.

2. Career Opportunities: Apart from UPSC, a background in Commerce opens doors to various career opportunities in finance, accounting, and management.

3. Resource Availability: Quality study materials and guidance are crucial for success. This is where DIADEMY IAS comes into the picture.

Connecting with DIADEMY IAS

DIADEMY IAS has emerged as a beacon of hope for UPSC aspirants across India. They understand the importance of the Commerce optional subject and offer comprehensive guidance to ensure your success.

Here's how DIADEMY IAS can make a significant difference:

1. Expert Faculty: DIADEMY IAS boasts a team of seasoned educators with vast experience in teaching Commerce for UPSC. Their in-depth knowledge of the subject and the intricacies of the UPSC examination ensure that you receive the best guidance.

2. Tailored Study Materials: DIADEMY IAS provides meticulously crafted study materials specifically designed for Commerce optional. These materials cover the entire syllabus, making it easier for you to grasp complex topics.

3. Regular Mock Tests: Practice is key to success in UPSC, and DIADEMY IAS offers a plethora of mock tests and previous years' question papers. This helps you get acquainted with the exam pattern and enhances your problem-solving skills.

4. Personalized Guidance: Every aspirant is unique, and DIADEMY IAS understands this. They offer personalized guidance and doubt-clearing sessions to address your specific needs and concerns.

5. Current Affairs Integration: UPSC exams are not just about theoretical knowledge; they also test your understanding of current affairs. DIADEMY IAS keeps you updated with the latest happenings and their relevance to Commerce optional subjects.

6. Success Stories: The institute has an impressive track record of producing successful candidates who have not only cleared the UPSC exams but have also secured top ranks. Their success stories stand as a testament to the quality of education they provide.

7. Holistic Approach: DIADEMY IAS goes beyond academics. They focus on your overall personality development, ensuring that you become a well-rounded individual ready to take on the challenges of the civil services.

In conclusion

Choosing Commerce as your optional subject for UPSC can be a strategic move, given its scoring potential and relevance. However, success depends on the quality of guidance and resources you receive. DIADEMY IAS, with its expert faculty, tailored study materials, and personalized approach, can be your trusted partner in this journey towards UPSC success.

So, if you're looking to master Commerce optional for UPSC and secure a bright future in civil services, consider connecting with DIADEMY IAS. With their unwavering support and your dedication, the path to success becomes clearer than ever.

Remember, UPSC is a challenging journey, but with the right guidance and resources, you can conquer it. Make an informed choice and embark on this exciting journey towards a rewarding career in the civil services.

Comment

[innovation-and-marketing-blog]

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[megatechcrunch]

We’re currently laying the foundation for future generations of AI applications, but we aren’t there yet.

For the last few years, AI has been almost synonymous with deep learning (DL). We’ve seen AlphaGo touted as an example of deep learning. We’ve seen deep learning used for naming paint colors (not very successfully), imitating Rembrandt and other great painters, and many other applications. Deep learning has been successful in part because, as François Chollet tweeted, “you can achieve a surprising amount using only a small set of very basic techniques.” In other words, you can accomplish things with deep learning that don’t require you to become an AI expert. Deep learning’s apparent simplicity--the small number of basic techniques you need to know--makes it much easier to “democratize” AI, to build a core of AI developers that don’t have Ph.D.s in applied math or computer science.

But having said that, there’s a deep problem with deep learning. As Ali Rahimi has argued, we can often get deep learning to work, but we aren’t close to understanding how, when, or why it works: “we’re equipping [new AI developers] with little more than folklore and pre-trained deep nets, then asking them to innovate. We can barely agree on the phenomena that we should be explaining away.” Deep learning’s successes are suggestive, but if we can’t figure out why it works, its value as a tool is limited. We can build an army of deep learning developers, but that won’t help much if all we can tell them is, “Here are some tools. Try random stuff. Good luck.”

However, nothing is as simple as it seems. The best applications we’ve seen to date have been hybrid systems. AlphaGo wasn’t a pure deep learning engine; it incorporated Monte Carlo Tree Search, and at least two deep neural networks. At O’Reilly’s New York AI Conference in 2017, Josh Tenenbaum and David Ferrucci sketched out systems they are working on, systems that combine deep learning with other ideas and methods. Tenenbaum is working with one-shot learning, imitating the human ability to learn based on a single experience, and Ferrucci is working on building cognitive models that enable machines to understand human language in a meaningful way, not just pattern matching. DeepStack’s poker playing system combines neural networks with counterfactual regret minimization and heuristic search.

Adding structure to improve models

The fundamental idea behind deep learning is very simple: deep learning systems are neural networks with several hidden layers. Each neuron is very simple: it takes a number of inputs from previous layers, combines them according to a set of weights, and produces an output that’s passed to the next layer. The network doesn’t really care whether it’s processing images, text, or telemetry. That simplicity, though, is a hint that we’re missing out on a lot of structure that’s inherent in data. Images and texts aren’t the same; they’re structured differently. Languages have a lot of internal structure. As the computational linguist Chris Manning says:

I think the current era where everyone touts this mantra of fast GPUs, massive data, and these great deep learning algorithms has ... sent computational linguistics off-track. Because it is the case that if you have huge computation and massive amounts of data, you can do a lot ... with a simple learning device. But those learners are extremely bad learners. Human beings are extremely good learners. What we want to do is build AI devices that are also extremely good learners. ... The way to achieve those learners is to put much more innate structures.

If we’re going to make AI applications that understand language as well as humans do, we will have to take advantage of the structures that are in language. From that standpoint, deep learning has been a fruitful dead end: it’s a shortcut that has prevented us from asking the really important questions about how knowledge is structured. Gary Marcus makes an argument that’s even more radical:

There is a whole world of possible innate mechanisms that AI researchers might profitably consider; simply presuming by default it is desirable to include little or no innate machinery seems, at best, close-minded. And, at worst, an unthinking commitment to relearning everything from scratch may be downright foolish, effectively putting each individual AI system in the position of having to recapitulate a large portion of a billion years of evolution.

Deep learning began with a model that was, at least in principle, based on the human brain: the interconnection of neurons, and the ancient notion that human brains start out as a blank slate. Marcus is arguing that humans are born with innate abilities which are still very poorly understood--for example, the ability to learn language, or the ability to form abstractions. For AI to progress beyond deep learning, he suggests that researchers must learn how to model these innate abilities.

There are other paths forward. Ben Recht has written a series of posts sketching out how one might approach problems that fall under reinforcement learning. He is also concerned with the possibility that deep learning, as practiced today, promises more than it can deliver:

If you read Hacker News, you’d think that deep reinforcement learning can be used to solve any problem. ... I personally get suspicious when audacious claims like this are thrown about in press releases, and I get even more suspicious when other researchers call into question their reproducibility.

Recht argues for taking a comprehensive view, and reviews the possibility for augmenting reinforcement learning with techniques from optimal control and dynamical systems. This allows RL models to benefit from research results and techniques used in many real-world applications. He notes:

By throwing away models and knowledge, it is never clear if we can learn enough from a few instances and random seeds to generalize.

AI is more than machine learning

As Michael Jordan pointed out in a recent post, what is called AI is often machine learning (ML). As someone who organizes AI conferences, I can attest to this: many of the proposals we receive are for standard machine learning applications. The confusion was inevitable: when calling a research project “artificial intelligence” was hardly respectable, we used the term “machine learning.” ML became a shorthand for “the parts of AI that work.” These parts, up to and including deep learning, were basically large-scale data analysis. Now that the tides of buzz have shifted, and everyone wants AI, machine learning applications are AI again.

But a full-fledged AI application, such as an autonomous vehicle, requires much more than data analysis. It will require progress in many areas that go well beyond pattern recognition. To build an autonomous vehicle and other true AI applications, we will need significant advances in sensors and other hardware; we will need to learn how to build software for “edge devices,” which includes understanding how to partition problems between the edge devices and some kind of “cloud”; we will need to develop infrastructure for simulation and distributed computation; and we will need to understand how to craft the user experience for truly intelligent devices.

Jordan highlights the need for further research in two important areas:

Intelligence augmentation (IA): Tools that are designed to augment human intelligence and capabilities. These include search engines (which remember things we can’t), automated translation, and even aids for artists and musicians. These tools might involve high-level reasoning and thought, though current implementations don’t.

Intelligent infrastructure (II): Jordan defines II as “a web of computation, data, and physical entities exist that make human environments more supportive, interesting and safe.” This would include networks to share medical data safely, systems to make transportation safer (including smart cars and smart roads), and many other applications. Intelligent infrastructure is about managing flows of data in ways that support human life.

What’s most important about Jordan’s argument, though, is that we won’t get either IA or II if we focus solely on deep learning. They are inherently multidisciplinary. Deep learning will inevitably be part of the solution, but just as inevitably, it won’t be the whole solution. It may even be a very small part.

Closing thoughts

Researchers from many institutions are building tools for creating the AI applications of the future. While there is still a lot of work to be done on deep learning, researchers are looking well beyond DL to build the next generation of AI systems. UC Berkeley's RISE Lab has sketched out a research agenda that involves systems, architectures, and security.

Ameet Talwalkar’s recent post lists a number of research directions that should benefit industrial machine learning platforms. Industrial machine learning will have to meet system requirements, such as memory limitations, power budgets, and hard real time; they must be easy to deploy and to update, particularly since data models tend to grow stale over time; and they must be safe. Humans must understand how applications make decisions, along with the likely consequences of those decisions. These applications must take ethics into account.

These are all requirements for Jordan’s intelligent infrastructure. Over the past few years, we’ve seen many examples of machine learning put to questionable purposes, ranging from setting bail and determining prison sentences to targeted advertising, emotional manipulation, and the spreading of misinformation, that point us to a different set of needs. The research agenda for AI needs to take into account fairness and bias, transparency, privacy and user control over data, and the models built from that data. These issues encompass everything from ethics to design: getting informed consent, and explaining what that consent means, is not a trivial design problem. We’re only starting to understand how these disciplines connect to research in artificial intelligence. Fortunately, we’re seeing increasing interest within the data community in connecting ethics to practice. Events like the Data For Good Exchange (D4GX), the Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (FAT*), and others are devoted to data ethics.

Talwalkar notes that air travel didn’t become commonplace until nearly 50 years after the Wright Brothers. While they were the first to achieve flight, many more developments were needed to make flying safe, inexpensive, and convenient. We’re at a similar stage in the history of AI. We’ve made progress in a few basic areas, and what we ultimately build will no doubt be amazing. We’re currently laying the foundation for future generations of AI applications, but we aren’t there yet.

Related content:

“Toward the Jet Age of machine learning”

“Open-endedness: The last grand challenge you’ve never heard of”

"Language understanding remains one of AI’s grand challenges": David Ferrucci on the evolution of AI systems for language understanding

“The machine learning paradox”

“We need to build machine learning tools to augment machine learning engineers”

"Building and deploying large-scale machine learning pipelines": Ben Recht on why we need primitives, pipeline synthesis tools, and most importantly, error analysis and verification.

"How to train and deploy deep learning at scale": Ameet Talwalkar on large-scale machine learning

Continue reading Building tools for the AI applications of tomorrow.

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[riimsblog]

Anthropology Optional Course at RIIM Academy

Anthropology is the study of human beings and their societies. It is a vast and complex field, encompassing a wide range of topics, from human evolution and behavior to archaeology and cultural anthropology.

The Anthropology Optional course at RIIM Academy is designed to help IAS aspirants who are interested in pursuing anthropology as their optional subject. The course covers the entire UPSC syllabus for anthropology, and is taught by experienced faculty members who are experts in the field. The course also includes a comprehensive test series to help students assess their progress and identify areas where they need to improve. In addition, the academy offers regular doubt clearing sessions and mock interviews to help students prepare for the UPSC exam.

The Anthropology Optional course at RIIM Academy is a great way for IAS aspirants to gain a strong foundation in the subject and improve their chances of success in the exam.Benefits of Studying Anthropology as an Optional Subject

There are many benefits to studying anthropology as an optional subject for the UPSC exam. Here are a few of them: Anthropology is a multidisciplinary subject that draws on insights from a variety of fields, such as sociology, psychology, history, and biology. This makes it a well-rounded and intellectually stimulating subject to study. Anthropology can help you develop critical thinking and analytical skills. These skills are essential for success in the UPSC exam, as well as in other areas of life. Anthropology can help you develop a better understanding of human societies and cultures. This knowledge can be valuable in a variety of careers, such as government, business, and education. Anthropology can help you develop a global perspective. This is important in today's world, where we are increasingly interconnected with people from all over the world.

How to Prepare for the Anthropology Optional Exam If you are interested in studying anthropology as an optional subject, there are a few things you can do to prepare for the exam: Start by reading the UPSC syllabus for anthropology. This will give you a good overview of the topics that will be covered on the exam. Find a good textbook or online resource to help you study the syllabus. Join a study group or take an online course to get help from other students and instructors. Practice answering past exam questions to get a feel for the format of the exam. Take a mock exam to assess your progress and identify areas where you need to improve.

Key Features

Mode: Offline

Duration: 3 to 4 months

Comprehensive and complete syllabus coverage of paper 1 and paper 2

No of hrs: 200+

Mains Exam oriented answers writing guidance

Best study material with regular ppts

Answer writing practice

Total Test -10(6Sectional+ 4 Comprehensive tests)

Anthropology is a challenging but rewarding optional subject for the UPSC exam. If you are interested in studying anthropology and have the time and commitment to prepare for the exam, it can be a great way to improve your chances of success. RIIM Academy is a leading IAS coaching academy in India. The academy offers a comprehensive course on anthropology, which is taught by experienced faculty members. The course covers the entire UPSC syllabus and includes a comprehensive test series and mock interviews. If you are interested in learning more about the Anthropology Optional course at RIIM Academy, please visit the academy's website or contact the admissions office.