Frislandic Phonology Addendum: Minimal Pairs -Consonants
Just providing these as the first part of a two-part series accompanying the post on phonology. This is going to be a long one (because establishing minimal pairs is always laborious) so feel free to ignore if you aren't really into this kind of thing. Note I'm not giving minimal pairs for every single possible pair of consonants in the language, only ones that are phonetically similar and thus could reasonably exist in complementary distribution to each other, because in many cases that would restate contrasts that can be derived transitively from the examples given (for example since buol 'acorn' contrasts with muol 'hole' and guol 'kidney', we do not need to also state that guol contrasts with muol to establish a minimal pair between /k/ and /m/).
/p/ vs. /t/
bekk /peʰk/ 'stream, beck' vs. dekk /teʰk/ 'skin'
kob /kʰup/ 'flank' vs. kod /kʰut/ 'fox'
/p/ vs. /t͡s/
buoð /puə̯ð/ 'tie together' vs. zuoð /t͡suə̯ð/ 'body, corpse'
bivl /piu̯l/ 'bible' vs. zivl /t͡siu̯l/ 'devil, satan'
baj /pɑi̯/ 'refuse' vs. zaj /t͡sɑi̯/ 'chew'
/p/ vs/ /k/
buol /puə̯l/ 'acorn' vs. guol /guə̯l/ 'kidney'
bijð /pəi̯ð/ 'to a hero' vs. gijð /kəi̯ð/ 'beech'
nab /nɑp/ 'go, leave' vs. nag /nɑk/ 'people'
/t/ vs. /t͡s/
duj /tøy̯/ 'see, look' vs. zuj /t͡søy̯/ 'thirst'
kond /kʰunt/ 'punt (boat)' vs. konz /kʰunt͡s/ 'pike (fish)'
/t/ vs. /k/
dejn /tei̯n/ 'spine' vs. gejn /kei̯n/ 'towards
doroð /turuð/ 'on cloth' vs. goroð /kuruð/ 'cave'
bast /pɑst/ 'cloak' vs. bask /pɑsk/ 'lip'
/t͡s/ vs. /k/
zuoð /t͡suə̯ð/ 'body, corpse' vs. guoð /kuə̯ð/ 'turf'
zin /t͡sin/ 'catch' vs. gin /kin/ 'frame'
zisjt /t͡siɕt/ 'chins' vs. gisjt /kiɕt/ 'be replied to'
/p/ vs. /pʰ/
bier /piə̯r/ 'beaver' vs. pier /pʰie̯r/ 'pier'
sjib /ɕip/ 'dust, fuzz' vs. sjip /ɕipʰ/ 'ship'
bis /pis/ 'ice' vs. pis /pʰis/ 'peas'
/t/ vs. /tʰ/
duoj /tu̯əi̯/ 'elder' vs. tuoj /tʰu̯əi̯/ 'eggs'
dav /tau̯/ 'mind' vs. tav /tʰau̯/ 'surname'
mad /mɑt/ 'shock' vs. mat /mɑth/ 'dream'
/k/ vs. /kʰ/
guol /kuə̯l/ 'kidney' vs. kuol /kʰuə̯l/ 'wall'
Gal /kɑl/ 'God' vs. kal /kʰɑl/ 'peel'
gez /ket͡s/ 'turn' vs. kez /kʰet͡s/ 'hazel'
/p/ vs. /ʰp/
kob /kʰup/ 'flank' vs. kopp /kʰuʰp/ 'cup'
/t/ vs. /ʰt/
zid /t͡sit/ 'moorland' vs. zitt /t͡siʰt/ 'chin'
/k/ vs. /ʰk/
bog /puk/ 'law' vs. bokk /puʰk/ 'oven'
mag /mɑk/ 'sting' vs. makk /mɑʰk/ 'house'
nug /nyk/ 'oppose' vs. nukk /nyʰk/ 'hay'
/tʰ/ vs. /kʰ/
tuol /tʰuə̯l/ 'older sibling' vs. kuol /kʰuə̯l/ 'wall'
tav /tʰau̯/ 'surname' vs. kav /kʰau̯/ 'pain'
mat /mɑtʰ/ 'dream' vs. mak /mɑkʰ/ 'sand'
/tʰ/ vs. /ʰt/
gat /kɑtʰ/ 'street' vs. gatt /kɑʰt/ 'maiden'
bwt /pəu̯tʰ/ 'shop' vs. bwtt /pəu̯ʰt/ 'bellies'
/kʰ/ vs. /ʰk/
mak /mɑkʰ/ 'sand' vs. makk /maʰk/ 'house'
/ʰt/ vs. /ʰk/
datt /tɑʰt/ 'father' vs. dakk /tɑʰk/ 'penis'
mott /muʰt/ 'mice' vs. mokk /muhk/ 'pig'
itt /iʰt/ 'field' vs. ikk /iʰk/ 'lose'
/t/ vs. /s/
doroð /ˈturuð/ 'on cloth' vs. soroð /ˈsuruð/ 'spear'
duon /tuə̯n/ 'floor' vs. suon /suə̯n/ 'snow'
/t/ vs. /ɕ/
tuojn /tʰu̯əi̯n/ 'egg' vs. sjuojn /ɕu̯əi̯n/ 'urine'
/t/ vs. /ɬ/
dang /tɑŋ/ 'gull' vs. llang /ɬɑŋ/ 'speak'
don /tun/ 'apply' vs. llon /ɬun/ 'axe'
duok /tuə̯kʰ/ 'celebrate' vs. lluok /ɬuə̯kʰ/ 'choose'
/tʰ/ vs. /s/
tez /tʰet͡s/ 'brick, block, piece' vs. sez /set͡s/ 'green wood'
mat /mɑtʰ/ 'dream' vs. mas /mɑs/ 'anus'
tiel /tʰiə̯l/ 'day' vs. siel /siə̯l/ 'slug'
/ʰt/ vs. /s/
mott /muʰt/ 'mice' vs. mos /mus/ 'left hand'
datt /tɑʰt/ 'father' vs. das /tɑs/ 'serve'
utt /yʰt/ 'take' vs. us /ys/ 'flies'
/ʰt/ vs. /ɬ/
mott /muʰt/ 'mice' vs. moll /muɬ/ 'beetle'
bitt /piʰt/ 'wren' vs. bill /piɬ/ 'worm'
/ʰt/ vs. /ɕ/
nætt /næʰt/ 'meat' vs. næsj /næɕ/ 'split'
/t͡s/ vs. /s/
ziv /t͡siu̯/ 'stench' vs. siv /siu̯/ 'suns'
zaj /t͡sɑi̯/ 'chew' vs. saj /sɑi̯/ 'brow'
biz /pit͡s/ 'know, understand' vs. bis /pis/ 'ice, frost'
/t͡s/ vs. /ɕ/
zir /t͡sir/ 'wind' vs. sjir /ɕir/ 'faeces'
gez /ket͡s/ 'turn' vs. gesj /keɕ/ 'itch'
/k/ vs. /s/
nog /nuk/ 'blood' vs. nos /nus/ 'cover'
/k/ vs. /ɕ/
guor /kuə̯r/ 'we/you take' vs. sjuor /ɕuə̯r/ 'play'
/k/ vs. /ɬ/
guor /kuə̯r/ 'we/you take' vs. lluor /ɬuə̯r/ 'we/you open'
/kʰ/ vs. /s/
kwð /kʰəu̯ð/ 'oats' vs. swð /səu̯ð/ 'exude'
kad /kʰɑt/ 'beak' vs. sad /sɑt/ 'fight'
/kʰ/ vs. /ɕ/
kav /kʰau̯/ 'pain' vs. sjav /ɕɑu̯/ 'stone'
kwð /kʰəu̯ð/ 'oats' vs. sjwð /ɕəu̯ð/ 'count'
/kʰ/ vs. /ɬ/
kuo /kʰuə̯/ 'bog' vs. lluo /ɬuə̯/ 'open'
/s/ vs. /ɕ/
sara /sɑrɑ/ 'lizard' vs. sjara /ɕɑrɑ/ 'picture, image'
bæs /pæs/ 'porpoise, dolphin' vs. bæsj /pæɕ/ 'valley
bis /pis/ 'ice' vs. bisj /piɕ/ 'whistle'
/s/ vs. /ɬ/
sa /sɑ/ 'do' vs. lla /ɬɑ/ 'cloud'
dos /tus/ 'shoulder' vs. doll /tuɬ/ 'sparks'
/p/ vs. /β/~/u̯/
gab /kɑp/ 'bite' vs. gav /kau̯/ 'crows'
kæb /kʰæp/ 'hear, listen' vs. kæv /kʰæu̯/ 'save, preserve'
/t/ vs. /ð/
kad /kʰɑt/ 'beak' vs. kað /kʰɑð/ 'green, blue'
/tʰ/ vs. /ð/
gorot /kurutʰ/ 'prayer' vs. goroð /kuruð/ 'cave'
uot /uə̯tʰ/ 'vote' vs. uoð /uə̯ð/ 'in a tree'
/t͡s/ vs. /j/~/i̯/
tez /tʰet͡s/ 'brick' vs. tej /tʰei̯/ 'of tea'
bez /pet͡s/ 'spirit' vs. bej /pei̯/ 'other'
/s/ vs. /j/~/i̯/
mas /mɑs/ 'sit' vs. maj /mɑi̯/ 'dig'
uos /uə̯s/ 'food' vs. uoj /u̯əi̯/ 'of a tree'
/s/ vs. /r/
mas /mɑs/ 'sit' vs. mar /mɑr/ 'eyes'
dus /tys/ 'berries' vs. dur /tyr/ 'decorate'
/ɕ/ vs. /j/~/i̯/
mesj /meɕ/ 'fool' vs. mej /mei̯/ 'colour'
gæsj /kæɕ/ 'intestine' vs. gæj /kæi̯/ 'hare'
/ɬ/ vs. /l/
nall /nɑɬ/ 'hat, cap' vs. nal /nɑl/ 'volunteer'
bollu /ˈpuɬy/ 'nephew' vs. bolu /ˈpuly/ 'foreigners'
ijll /əi̯ɬ/ 'grasses' vs. ijl /əi̯l/ 'ash'
/β/~/u̯/ vs. /ð/
mav /mɑu̯/ 'beloved' vs. mað /mɑð/ 'stir'
/β/~/u̯/ vs. /j/~/i̯/
mav /mɑu̯/ 'beloved' vs. maj /mɑi̯/ 'dig'
/ð/ vs. /j/~/i̯/
mað /mɑð/ 'stir' vs. maj /mɑi̯/ 'dig'
zað /t͡sɑð/ 'good' vs. zaj /t͡sɑi̯/ 'chew'
/p/ vs. /m/
buol /puə̯l/ 'acorn' vs. muol /muə̯l/ 'hole, gap'
tob /tʰup/ 'push' vs. tom /tʰum/ 'stand'
/t/ vs. /n/
dus /tys/ 'berries' vs. nus /nys/ 'newt'
desj /teɕ/ 'half' vs. nesj /neɕ/ 'island'
zid /t͡sit/ 'moorland' vs. zin /t͡sin/ 'catch'
/k/ vs. /ŋ/
nag /nɑk/ 'people' vs. nang /nɑŋ/ 'hawk'
tag /tʰɑk/ 'lie across' vs. tang /tʰɑn/ 'gull'
/β/~/u̯/ vs. /m/
mav /mɑu̯/ 'beloved' vs. mam /mɑm/ 'mother'
/ð/ vs. /n/
doroð /ˈturuð/ 'on cloth' vs. doron /ˈturun/ 'a piece of cloth'
guoð /kuə̯ð/ 'turf' vs. guon /kuə̯n/ 'goose'
/j/~/i̯/ vs. /n/
mej /mei̯/ 'colour' vs. men /men/ 'smoke'
/m/ vs. /n/
muoð /muə̯ð/ 'sleep' vs. nuoð /nuə̯ð/ 'sorrow'
mað /mɑð/ 'stir' vs. nað /nɑð/ 'custom'
mier /miə̯r/ 'throat' vs. nier /niə̯r/ 'moon'
/m/ vs. /ŋ/
tæm /tʰæm/ 'sea' vs. tæng /tʰæŋ/ 'deer'
/n/ vs. /ŋ/
an /ɑn/ 'so!' vs. ang /ɑŋ/ 'thing'
buon /puə̯n/ 'drums' vs. buong /puə̯ŋ/ 'float'
/β/~/u̯/ vs. /l/
kæl /kʰæl/ 'lie' vs. kæv /kʰæu̯/ 'save'
/ð/ vs. /l/
kieð /kʰiə̯ð/ 'den, snug' vs. kiel /kʰiə̯l/ 'flash flood'
duoð /tuə̯ð/ 'in milk' vs. duol /duə̯l/ 'thanks'
/ð/ vs. /r/
ijð /əi̯ð/ 'exist' vs. ijr /əi̯r/ 'seaweed'
mað /mɑð/ 'stir' vs. mar /mɑr/ 'eyes'
nuoð /nuə̯ð/ 'sorrow' vs. nuor /nuə̯r/ 'rake'
/j/~/i̯/ vs. /l/
tæj /tʰæi̯/ 'dog' vs. tæl /tʰæl/ 'drop'
duoj /tu̯əi̯/ 'elder' vs. duol /tuə̯l/ 'thanks'
/j/~/i̯/ vs. /r/
mað /mɑð/ 'stir' vs. mar /mɑr/ 'eyes'
/n/ vs. /l/
uon /uə̯n/ 'sound' vs. uol /uə̯l/ 'beer'
duon /duə̯/ 'floor' vs. duol /duə̯l/ 'thanks'
/n/ vs. /r/
kovn /kʰou̯n/ 'cushion' vs. kovr /kʰou̯r/ 'help, assistance'
uon /uə̯n/ 'sound' vs. uor /uə̯r/ 'hours'
/l/ vs. /r/
ijl /əi̯l/ 'ash' vs. ijr /əi̯r/ 'seaweed'
kuol /kʰuə̯l/ 'wall vs. kuor /kʰuə̯r/ 'back of the head'
gald /kɑlt/ 'battle' vs. gard /kɑrt/ 'pack'
/p/ vs. /mp/
kab /kʰɑp/ 'chuckle' vs. kamb /kʰɑmp/ 'night'
gob /kup/ 'clog' vs. gomb /kump/ 'hammer in'
/t/ vs. /nt/
kod /kʰut/ 'fox' vs. kond /kʰunt/ 'punt'
/m/ vs. /mp/
gom /kum/ 'rot' vs. gomb /kump/ 'hammer in'
nom /num/ 'rub' vs. nomb /nump/ 'in front of'
/n/ vs. /nt/
bon /pun/ 'drum' vs. bond /punt/ 'eel'
son /sun/ 'pay' vs. sond /sunt/ 'nut'
I'm likely to add to this list as the vocabulary grows so be aware of that if you decide to reblog.
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