#next survey for Feb at 15th of jan

[alexversenaberrie]

It's Mon Mothma's time!

#sw art calendar, 2022 was for Handmaidens, 2023 is for Padme. But 2024 will be for MON MOTHMA!

Vote for dress for chosen month :) Here you can see dresses from Andor. If there were a draw, the dress would be chosen via a lottery.

[ll-underestimated-ll]

what year did you colonise your place

I personally arrived in Aotearoa via Port Nicholson in Wellington/Petone in Jan-1840 from Gravesend, London - not too long before the signing of Te Titiri o Waitangi occurred in the Bay of Islands (06-Feb-1840). Although, passengers were not discharged from the boat till the 15th of February I left as soon as I possibly could. I am sure one can imagine just how hungry a Ventrue would be, stuck on a boat for 4 months (138 days to be specific) with less than 200 people on board? I cared little of the fact we were anchored in the middle of the harbour. I had no cargo of my own so had no need to wait around.

[ Here's the ship I arrived on - the 'Oriental' owned by The New Zealand Company. (( OOC NOTE : This ship and details previously stated align with an actual vessel and course of travel.)) ]

Wishing not to step on the toes of kindred within the city of Wellington, many of whom still had ties to those in Europe given it was the main point of entry for the time and therefore potentially have word of my exploits reach my mother, I quite promptly slipped off Northward by stowing away on another ship to Auckland - which I had overheard good things about during my brief lingering. (The fact that at the time Auckland was the centre of Government may of been an influential factor for a Ventrue looking for some power of course). In those early years it was a very isolated location due to limitations in transport, which certainly added motivation for me. Unfortunately for me, Vindr had arrived in the area prior to I and while he was not there constantly his influence meant making any plays of my own rather difficult.

Colonization in a more general sense, if it hadn't arguably already, was truly cemented by the 60s. Which was the point where the New Zealand Settlements Act of 1863 was introduced in response to the New Zealand Land Wars. This was used as justification to take land from Māori who were unwilling to sell it to the crown. At that point, what remaining scraps of good will for trade and cooperation was truly tossed to the dogs by the colonial authorities I believe. And earlier colonisation was pushed in the 1830s by Christian missionaries who'd been around since ~1810s. Trade was occurring earlier than that without many permanent citizens other than the families of whalers, sealers, who were working to facilitate such trade.

For a sidenote, as I do like my buildings - An architecturally remaining feature of the Land Wars can still be seen in my city is the Albert Barracks Wall which was constructed in 1846 out of concern over conflict occurring in the North. While it never saw combat, and most was torn down in 1873, a segment of it remains on the Auckland University campus between the Choral Hall (1872) and Clock Tower (East Wing) (1926). Please accept this overlay of a survey plan on modern satellite imaging (remaining section of wall marked in red).

Anyhow, I became properly established and no longer living out of the cities volcanic cave system some time in the 50s upon the arrival of the would be Tremere regent for the next century. That was around about the time Vindr and I struck a deal to work together, which caused me to become involved in his business. And resume my old act of pretending to be someone's son regardless of what that happened to tie to me.

I hope this provides an answer in the general ballpark of what you were looking for?

[ndowne]

What I’ve been up to recently

Courses I’ve taken

In 2019/2020 I took these Stanford classes as a JSK fellowship affiliate:

Ornithology (BIO221)

Conservation photography (BIO53)

Evolution (BIO85)

Ecology and Evolution of Animal Behaviour (BIO245)

Applied Ecology at Jasper Ridge preserve (BIO205)

Geology, Landscapes and Tectonics of the SF Bay Area (GEOLSCI42)

Concepts in Environmental communications (EARTHSYS 291)

Ecology (BIO81)

Introduction to Earth Systems (EARTHSYS10)

Other classes and trainings I have taken during this time:

Weekly Spanish classes since March 2019

Pat Brown’s 3 day residential desert bat class in July 2019 in the Mojave Desert

Drones in Conservation workshop, week long class by The Wildlife Society in April 2019.

Defensive driving class March 2019

Advanced animal care training with the Marine Mammal Center 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020

Marine Mammal Center advanced education and tour guide training Feb 2019 (also many other in-the job advanced education training courses)

Elephant seal progression trading with the Marine Mammal Center, January 2019

Giving psychological first aid in a disaster, with SF fire department and NERT, Jan 2019

Two day Marine Mammal Center docent and education training, October 2018

3 day residential class on nudibranchs with Alison Young and Dr Rebecca Johnson, the California Acadamy of Sciences and the Jepson Herbarium in Half Moon Bay, California, July 2018

Week long naturalist kayaking trip in Baja, Mexico to learn about whales, Feb 2018

Two day ham radio class with the San Francisco Radio Club, June 2017

Week-long residential bat acoustics workshop (using Sonobat) by Dr. Joe Szewczak, Leila S. Harris and Jill Carpenter and the Wildlife Society. June 2017 in the San Jacinto Mountains, California.

California naturalist residential course in 2017

The Wildlife Society day/long bats and white nose syndrome workshop

Bat banding radio tagging class with Dave Johnston in September 2017

NERT graduate class in Pet disaster response and first aid, Feb 2017

NERT graduate class in Emergancy communications, Feb 2017

Neighborhood Emergency Response Training with the San Francisco Fire Department (NERT) January 2017

Marine Mammal Center animal care and advanced animal care, and elephant seal progression training.

Conferences I went to during this time:

Science Hackday October 2019, 2018 and 2017

The Wildlife Society and American Fisheries Society annual conference in Cleveland Ohio September 2019

California Bat Working Group summit Feb 2019 and Feb 2018

Wildlife Conservation Network Spring and Fall Expo 2018

California Naturalist Regional Rendezvous where I have a talk on white nose syndrome in bats

The Wildlife Society Annual Conference in New Mexico September 2017

Wildlife Conservation Network Spring Expo 2017

Pybay Python regional conference August 2016

Naturalist training and Bat experience

I qualified as a California Naturalist in 2017 through through the University of a California Agricultural College and Camp Ocean Pines. My final project was a bat walk and a presentation about bats. This was such a huge success that I was invited back to the 2018 class to give a paid talk on bats and guided bat detecting walk.

I put this training to good use encouraging friends and organising many trips to help spark that passion for nature (bats and otherwise!). I believe in getting people on that first rung of the stewardship ladder where to care and protect for the environment you first have to be exposed and get interested in nature.

I volunteer with the California Acadamy of Sciences on occasion to help perform biodiversity analysis on the tidepool reef at Pillar point in Half moon bay under the direction of Alison Young and Rebecca Johnson. I have also taken their 3 day residential class on Nudibranchs with the Jepson Herbarium.

I collaborated with leaders in the California Bat Working Group to specify, design and build a website for the group and the logo/branding:

https://www.calbatwg.org

Simon and I also built this Bat website with iNaturalist data to help people realise that awesome bats are around them everywhere!

https://www.batsnearme.com

I attended the residential workshop put on by The Wildlife Society and run by Dr. Joe Szewczak, Leila S. Harris and Jill Carpenter in the San Jacinto mountains, June 2017. We did a deep dive into the biomechanical process of echolocation, diffeeent species of bats, the physics of sound and in teams of 4 we designed, ran and analysed the results of a survey with a Sonobat detector. Paying special attention to where we placed the sensor, what types of bats we thought we might get then learning to analyse the sonogram waveforms for heuristic patterns to identify individual species of bat. We did some mist netting, I helped get a tangled June bug successfully out of the net.

At Pat Brown’s 3 day residential Desert bat class in the Mojave Desert, 2019, I got my first bat handling experience under supervision of Jill Carpenter. I assisted with the construction and breakdown of the netting sites. Record keeping and I held and helped measure several California Myotis and helped get a Canyon bat and two Palid bats out of the net. (I have a recent Rabies Titer)

In February 2020 I had the opportunity to volunteer for Gabe Reyes with the USGS mist netting bats in Marin. I managed the survey record keeping, helped with construction and breakdown of 6 mist nets. I handled some California Myotis and helped measure weights and wingspan, assisted with the removal of one bat from a net and helped release a few after we had surveyed and radio tagged them. More winter survey dates were planned but the global Coronavirus pandemic stepped in the way.

I took a week long drones in conservation workshop with the Wildlife Society where learned to plan routes, fly drones, environmental and wildlife considerations and regulations and how to analyse and collate imagery and geo reference to a map using ArcGIS. We also used ArcGIS for our project in which find a number of hidden plastic turkeys with drone imagery from a route that we planned and executed in teams of 3.

Science communication and Docenting/Guide experience

I have been working with the Scientific community on twitter to support and boost the engagement in science communication games (eg #cougarOrNot / #CrowOrNo #barkingUpATree etc).

I used Python to automate a Twitter bot that retweets science communication games:

https://natbat.github.io/scicomm-calendar/

I have also worked extensively with the iNaturalist API. Simon and I just launched MVP of the site we’ve been working on for the last few days. It’s a site to get people interested in Tidepooling and help figure out the best low tides to visit in the next month that are in daylight hours.

https://www.rockybeaches.com/us/pillar-point

Another site we launched was for the Super Bowl / Superb Owl

https://www.owlsnearme.com

I am working to publish and create a library of nature videos for the Bay Area.

https://m.youtube.com/channel/UCu_N3UP2o8JdnNmGAhYRijQ

Here is the educational video of me talking about how 50% of all Californian Sealions are born on June 15th and the rest are born that week:

https://youtu.be/Z2B_cbp34D8

My educational video on redwood trees:

https://youtu.be/3DzN2De9ANc

I have been a volunteer Docent/Guide at the Marine Mammal Center for a year, I have done nearly 100 hours of Docenting. This involved customer engagement through storytelling to help spark people’s passion about marine mammals and lead them into behavioural change to save the oceans and the planet. (See below for more details and recommendations I have received on this role). I have also taken the tour guide training and was in the process of graduating as a tour guide when the pandemic temporarily closed the Center.

I took part in Science Hackday 2017, 2018 and 2019.

Marine Mammal experience

I have been volunteering at The Marine Mammal Center in Marin, California on the animal care crew (Tuesday daytime topside) more details on this can be found in the volunteering section of my LinkedIn profile.

In summary this consisted of in-pen experience with marine mammals such as Elephant Seals, Northern & Guadalupe Fur Seals, California & Stellar Sea lions. Working as part of a team to follow protocols (such as tube feeding), do detail oriented work and care for the animals in a high stress, high risk environment.

I trained in ‘Elephant Seal progression’ which involved direct interaction with young & yearling Elephant seals 'fish school' monitoring their behaviour and teaching them to activate their instincts to recognise fish as food & overcome gag reflex to swallow and eat fish on the pen floor & in the pool. I spent several seasons as part of the Fish school team. Part of this work required detailed charting of observations and behaviours for continuity between teams and vet-staff to be informed.

The Fish kitchen experience (both participating in and running fish kitchen) involved, organising orders, labels and buckets, measuring quantities, performing quality assurance & adding medication to fish, making measuring and drawing up fish mash and electrolytes.

I ran the fish kitchen operation on several occasions, organising, prioritising and managing teams to take the fish to the pens, taking reports of the feeds/observations and charting this for vet staff.

I helped release Elephant Seals to the wild which is an incredibly magical experience knowing you have helped these animals recover. I have participated as part of the release team on two releases at Chimney rock which is a different sort of high-stress/risk environment because you are out in the wild and there are adult elephant seals around on the beach.

I've taken the Animal care class & the Advanced animal care class yearly and the Elephant Seal Progression class.

Neighborhood campaigns and local politics

I have been campaigning with some friends and neighbors to save trees in Hayes Valley, this included putting out petitions, posters, social media campaigns, surveys, writing speeches, and speaking out at public meeting city hearings and appeals (both for hayes valley and other neighborhoods) and negotiating for terms of replacement trees directly with the Bureau of Urban Forestry.

For more information on our campaign’s achievements: https://blog.natbat.net/post/623649015818485760/hayes-valley-trees

Ham Radio and Disaster response experience

I trained with the SF fire department Neighborhood Emergancy Response Team (NERT predecessor to the CERT programs elsewhere in California) in 2017. This was a 3 day program with a license for 2 years and I have renewed again in 2019. I have attended a NERT Drill and have done three graduate NERT classes, psychological first aid, pet preparedness and first aid and Emergency Communications.

I took a Ham Radio class with the SF Ham Radio Club in June 2017. I arranged study groups with some friends. I took the exam for the Technical License and passed first time with a score of 34/35. In September 2017 I passed my General License (Intermediate) exam. My callsign is KM6LCB.

I volunteered at the San Francisco Marathon on the communications team on the part of the route that blocked in the SF blood bank. I’ve taken part in two treasure hunt style simplex competitions with friends, run by a friend who used to write the MIT treasure hunt.

Expeditions

Simon and I went on a week long kyacking and camping expedition in Baja Mexico in with Naturalists and Guides from Seatrek to find Blue and Grey whales in n Feb 2019

I planned and organized a 4 week expedition to Madagascar in September 2019. I wanted to see as many Lemurs in the wild as possible so my plan took me to a distribution of biodiversity hotspots all over the country (some of which were very hard to get to and involved chartering boat or hiking for miles).

I worked with an independant local guide and together we booked accomodations and arranged logistics around constraints of time, budget route and amount of lemurs. We saw 28 (of the hundred or so extant) different species of Lemur in the wild. Hiked twice a day including a lot of night hikes to see bats and nocturnal lemurs and fosa fusana. I learned enough Malagasy to communicate basic needs and facts about animals!

[ericfruits]

Personal Income and Outlays

EMBARGOED UNTIL RELEASE AT 8:30 A.M. EDT, Friday, June 29, 2018

BEA 18—32

* See the navigation bar at the right side of the news release text for links to data tables, contact personnel and their telephone numbers, and supplementary materials.

PERSONAL INCOME AND OUTLAYS, MAY 2018

Personal income increased $60.0 billion (0.4 percent) in May according to estimates released today by the Bureau of Economic Analysis. Disposable personal income (DPI) increased $63.2 billion (0.4 percent) and personal consumption expenditures (PCE) increased $27.8 billion (0.2 percent). Real DPI increased 0.2 percent in May and Real PCE decreased less than 0.1 percent. The PCE price index increased 0.2 percent. Excluding food and energy, the PCE price index increased 0.2 percent. 2018 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Percent change from preceding month Personal income: Current dollars 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.4 Disposable personal income: Current dollars 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 Chained (2009) dollars 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.2 Personal consumption expenditures (PCE): Current dollars 0.1 -0.1 0.6 0.5 0.2 Chained (2009) dollars -0.2 -0.2 0.6 0.3 0.0 Price indexes: PCE 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.2 PCE, excluding food and energy 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Price indexes: Percent change from month one year ago PCE 1.6 1.7 2.0 2.0 2.3 PCE, excluding food and energy 1.5 1.5 1.8 1.8 2.0 The increase in personal income in May primarily reflected increases in wages and salaries, personal dividend income, and nonfarm proprietors’ income (table 3). The $1.4 billion decrease in real PCE in May reflected a decrease in spending for services that was partially offset by an increase in spending for goods (table 7). Within goods, recreational goods and vehicles was the leading contributor to the increase. Within services, the largest contributor to the decrease was spending for household utilities. Detailed information on monthly real PCE spending can be found in Table 2.3.6U. Personal outlays increased $29.2 billion in May (table 3). Personal saving was $482.0 billion in May and the personal saving rate, personal saving as a percentage of disposable personal income, was 3.2 percent (table 1). Updates to Personal Income and Outlays Estimates have been revised for January through April. The percent change from the preceding month for current-dollar personal income, and for current-dollar and chained (2009) dollar DPI and PCE -- revised and as published in last month's release -- are shown below. Change from preceding month March April Previous Revised Previous Revised Previous Revised Previous Revised (Billions of dollars) (Percent) (Billions of dollars) (Percent) Personal income: Current dollars 40.7 51.1 0.2 0.3 49.5 41.1 0.3 0.2 Disposable personal income: Current dollars 34.0 43.9 0.2 0.3 60.9 48.9 0.4 0.3 Chained (2009) dollars 25.3 33.7 0.2 0.3 24.5 12.1 0.2 0.1 Personal consumption expenditures: Current dollars 73.9 87.3 0.5 0.6 79.8 68.1 0.6 0.5 Chained (2009) dollars 60.5 72.1 0.5 0.6 42.8 30.9 0.4 0.3 BOX.________________________________________________________ Upcoming Annual Update of the National Income and Product Accounts BEA will release the results of the 15th comprehensive (or benchmark) update of the national income and product accounts (NIPAs) in conjunction with the second quarter 2018 "advance" estimate on July 27, 2018. For more information, see the Technical Note. Details on the planned statistical, definitional, and presentational changes are available in the April Survey of Current Business article "Preview of the 2018 Comprehensive Update of the National Income and Product Accounts." An article in the September Survey will describe the estimates in detail. Revised NIPA table stubs are available on the BEA Web site. ____________________________________________________________ Next release: July 31, 2018 at 8:30 A.M. EDT Personal Income and Outlays: June 2018 Additional Information Resources Additional Resources available at www.bea.gov: • Stay informed about BEA developments by reading the BEA blog, signing up for BEA’s email subscription service, or following BEA on Twitter @BEA_News. • Historical time series for these estimates can be accessed in BEA’s Interactive Data Application. • Access BEA data by registering for BEA’s Data Application Programming Interface (API). • For more on BEA’s statistics, see our monthly online journal, the Survey of Current Business. • BEA's news release schedule • NIPA Handbook: Concepts and Methods of the U.S. National Income and Product Accounts Definitions Personal income is the income received by, or on behalf of, all persons from all sources: from participation as laborers in production, from owning a home or business, from the ownership of financial assets, and from government and business in the form of transfers. It includes income from domestic sources as well as the rest of world. It does not include realized or unrealized capital gains or losses. Disposable personal income is the income available to persons for spending or saving. It is equal to personal income less personal current taxes. Personal consumption expenditures (PCE) is the value of the goods and services purchased by, or on the behalf of, “persons” who reside in the United States. Personal outlays is the sum of PCE, personal interest payments, and personal current transfer payments. Personal saving is personal income less personal outlays and personal current taxes. The personal saving rate is personal saving as a percentage of disposable personal income. Current-dollar estimates are valued in the prices of the period when the transactions occurred—that is, at “market value.” Also referred to as “nominal estimates” or as “current-price estimates.” Real values are inflation-adjusted estimates—that is, estimates that exclude the effects of price changes. For more definitions, see the Glossary: National Income and Product Accounts. Statistical conventions Annual rates. Monthly and quarterly values are expressed at seasonally-adjusted annual rates (SAAR). Dollar changes are calculated as the difference between these SAAR values. For detail, see the FAQ “Why does BEA publish estimates at annual rates?” Month-to-month percent changes are calculated from unrounded data and are not annualized. Quarter-to-quarter percent changes are calculated from unrounded data and are displayed at annual rates. For detail, see the FAQ “How is average annual growth calculated?” Quantities and prices. Quantities, or “real” volume measures, and prices are expressed as index numbers with a specified reference year equal to 100 (currently 2009). Quantity and price indexes are calculated using a Fisher-chained weighted formula that incorporates weights from two adjacent periods (quarters for quarterly data and annuals for annual data). “Real” dollar series are calculated by multiplying the published quantity index by the current dollar value in the reference year (2009) and then dividing by 100. Percent changes calculated from real quantity indexes and chained-dollar levels are conceptually the same; any differences are due to rounding. Chained-dollar values are not additive because the relative weights for a given period differ from those of the reference year.

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[alexversenaberrie]

#sw art calendar  

Vote for dress for MON MOTHMA :) Here you can see dresses from Andor. If there were a draw, the dress would be chosen via a lottery.

[ericfruits]

Personal Income and Outlays

EMBARGOED UNTIL RELEASE AT 8:30 A.M. EDT, Monday, April 30, 2018

BEA 18—20

* See the navigation bar at the right side of the news release text for links to data tables, contact personnel and their telephone numbers, and supplementary materials.

PERSONAL INCOME AND OUTLAYS, MARCH 2018

Personal income increased $47.8 billion (0.3 percent) in March according to estimates released today by the Bureau of Economic Analysis. Disposable personal income (DPI) increased $39.8 billion (0.3 percent) and personal consumption expenditures (PCE) increased $61.7 billion (0.4 percent). Real DPI increased 0.2 percent in March and Real PCE increased 0.4 percent. The PCE price index increased less than 0.1 percent. Excluding food and energy, the PCE price index increased 0.2 percent. 2017 2018 Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Percent change from preceding month Personal income: Current dollars 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 Disposable personal income: Current dollars 0.3 0.4 0.9 0.3 0.3 Chained (2009) dollars 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.2 Personal consumption expenditures (PCE): Current dollars 0.7 0.5 0.2 0.0 0.4 Chained (2009) dollars 0.5 0.3 -0.1 -0.2 0.4 Price indexes: PCE 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.0 PCE, excluding food and energy 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 Price indexes: Percent change from month one year ago PCE 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 2.0 PCE, excluding food and energy 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.9 The increase in personal income in March primarily reflected increases in wages and salaries, social security benefits, and dividend income (table 3). The $50.0 billion increase in real PCE in March reflected an increase of $24.2 billion in spending for goods and a $26.8 billion increase in spending for services (table 7). Within goods, purchases of recreational goods and vehicles was the leading contributor to the increase. Within services, the largest contributor to the increase was spending for household electricity and gas. Detailed information on monthly real PCE spending can be found in Table 2.3.6U. Personal outlays increased $62.3 billion in March (table 3). Personal saving was $460.6 billion in March and the personal saving rate, personal saving as a percentage of disposable personal income, was 3.1 percent (table 1). Updates to Personal Income and Outlays Estimates have been revised for January and February. The percent change from the preceding month for current-dollar personal income, and for current-dollar and chained (2009) dollar DPI and PCE -- revised and as published in last month's release -- are shown below. Change from preceding month January February Previous Revised Previous Revised Previous Revised Previous Revised (Billions of dollars) (Percent) (Billions of dollars) (Percent) Personal income: Current dollars 74.7 64.2 0.4 0.4 67.3 57.1 0.4 0.3 Disposable personal income: Current dollars 142.7 129.3 1.0 0.9 53.9 42.6 0.4 0.3 Chained (2009) dollars 75.7 63.9 0.6 0.5 22.7 15.9 0.2 0.1 Personal consumption expenditures: Current dollars 21.3 32.7 0.2 0.2 27.7 1.6 0.2 0.0 Chained (2009) dollars -27.7 -17.9 -0.2 -0.1 1.4 -18.6 0.0 -0.2 BOX._______________________________ Upcoming Annual Update of the National Income and Product Accounts BEA will release the results of the 15th comprehensive (or benchmark) update of the national income and product accounts (NIPAs) in conjunction with the second quarter 2018 "advance" estimate on July 27, 2018. For more information, see the Technical Note. Details on the planned statistical, definitional, and presentational changes are available in the April Survey of Current Business article "Preview of the 2018 Comprehensive Update of the National Income and Product Accounts." An article in the September Survey will describe the estimates in detail. Revised NIPA table stubs and news release stubs will be available in June. ___________________________________ Next release: May 31, 2018 at 8:30 A.M. EDT Personal Income and Outlays: April 2018 Additional Information Resources Additional Resources available at www.bea.gov: • Stay informed about BEA developments by reading the BEA blog, signing up for BEA’s email subscription service, or following BEA on Twitter @BEA_News. • Historical time series for these estimates can be accessed in BEA’s Interactive Data Application. • Access BEA data by registering for BEA’s Data Application Programming Interface (API). • For more on BEA’s statistics, see our monthly online journal, the Survey of Current Business. • BEA's news release schedule • NIPA Handbook: Concepts and Methods of the U.S. National Income and Product Accounts Definitions Personal income is the income received by, or on behalf of, all persons from all sources: from participation as laborers in production, from owning a home or business, from the ownership of financial assets, and from government and business in the form of transfers. It includes income from domestic sources as well as the rest of world. It does not include realized or unrealized capital gains or losses. Disposable personal income is the income available to persons for spending or saving. It is equal to personal income less personal current taxes. Personal consumption expenditures (PCE) is the value of the goods and services purchased by, or on the behalf of, “persons” who reside in the United States. Personal outlays is the sum of PCE, personal interest payments, and personal current transfer payments. Personal saving is personal income less personal outlays and personal current taxes. The personal saving rate is personal saving as a percentage of disposable personal income. Current-dollar estimates are valued in the prices of the period when the transactions occurred—that is, at “market value.” Also referred to as “nominal estimates” or as “current-price estimates.” Real values are inflation-adjusted estimates—that is, estimates that exclude the effects of price changes. For more definitions, see the Glossary: National Income and Product Accounts. Statistical conventions Annual rates. Monthly and quarterly values are expressed at seasonally-adjusted annual rates (SAAR). Dollar changes are calculated as the difference between these SAAR values. For detail, see the FAQ “Why does BEA publish estimates at annual rates?” Month-to-month percent changes are calculated from unrounded data and are not annualized. Quarter-to-quarter percent changes are calculated from unrounded data and are displayed at annual rates. For detail, see the FAQ “How is average annual growth calculated?” Quantities and prices. Quantities, or “real” volume measures, and prices are expressed as index numbers with a specified reference year equal to 100 (currently 2009). Quantity and price indexes are calculated using a Fisher-chained weighted formula that incorporates weights from two adjacent periods (quarters for quarterly data and annuals for annual data). “Real” dollar series are calculated by multiplying the published quantity index by the current dollar value in the reference year (2009) and then dividing by 100. Percent changes calculated from real quantity indexes and chained-dollar levels are conceptually the same; any differences are due to rounding. Chained-dollar values are not additive because the relative weights for a given period differ from those of the reference year.

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