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mygoateecreation · 4 years ago

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How To Add Text To Photo Word For Mac

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Add Text To Photo Mac

How To Add Text To A Picture In Word Mac

Add Text To Photo Free

The second key for me was to use Word’s Picture toolbar instead of the Format Picture dialog. The toolbar may already be docked. The toolbar may already be docked. If not, you can reach it by right-clicking a picture. Learn how to add words to pictures with Movavi Photo Editor. All you need to do is download Photo Editor for Windows or Mac, install the software, and follow the instructions below. To add words to a picture, open the Text panel and click the blue Add Text button. Now type whatever you want inside the broken white line frame.

If you don’t write all the time, then you probably don’t need a full-featured word processor, such as Microsoft Word () or Apple Pages (). But you still may want a flexible tool for handling text that lets you compose résumés and recipes, letters and flyers. You know what? You already have one: Apple’s TextEdit.

This text app comes as part of OS X, and can meet many of your writing needs. It doesn’t offer advanced page layout features such as columns and image wrap, but it does provide most of the fundamentals. Simplicity comes with benefits, too. TextEdit is sleek and fast. It takes a half-second to launch, and it doesn’t lag even if you have a document containing hundreds of pages. On top of that, TextEdit can save documents to Apple’s iCloud, so if you have a desktop Mac and a laptop, you can work on your documents at home and know they’ll still be at hand when you’re on the road.

Still need convincing? Here are six TextEdit tips that show off what this free, easy-to-use program can do.

1. Get better zoom

TextEdit offers a zoom feature with two sizes: tiny and huge. Not very practical when you want to write something and see other windows on your Mac. You can access it from the View menu: Actual size is the size of the page set in File > Page Setup. You can also choose to Zoom In (Command-Shift-. [period]) or Zoom out (Command-Shift-, [comma]), but unlike most word processors, you can’t pick a zoom percentage.

There’s a top-secret gesture, however, that lets you fine-tune TextEdit’s zoom. Just pinch on a trackpad, either inward or outward, to zoom in smaller increments. (Sorry, there’s no way to do this with a mouse.) With a bit of practice, you’ll find the right size, and it will be a lot easier to work with your TextEdit documents.

2. Make quick lists

If you need to make a list—a to-do list, or an outline—you can choose from a number of list styles from the Format > List menu. You can also choose list styles from the List bullets and numbering button in the toolbar. (Note: You need to be in Rich Text mode to make lists. If you don’t see a toolbar with formatting buttons, choose Format > Make Rich Text, or press Command-T.)

But if you just want a simple list that uses hyphens, or if you want to do some quick brainstorming and then format your list later, here’s a tip that will save you a lot of time. Press Option-Tab, either at the beginning of a line, or at any location in a paragraph, and that text will change to an indented list paragraph preceded by a hyphen. When you’ve finished brainstorming, select all your list items, then choose Format > List to choose another type of bullet or numbering.

3. Add active links

If you’re writing a document that has links to webpages in it, it’s often best that these links be active; when the reader clicks them, you want the webpage to open in a browser. But, if you paste a link in TextEdit, it won’t be active.

Mac TextEdit Tips and Tricks All Kind of Formatting, Adding Tables, Adding Lists When TextEdit is active, there will be the associated bar: A screenshot is worth of thousands words. Best text editor for mac 2017. Although this guide, Mac TextEdit Tips and Tricks is intended for the basic users, advanced users might find some forgotten or less known features. So, there are actually quite good number of features. Most websites usually divide each in to many articles to increase the number of articles.

To make an active link, paste the link and click or select it. Then right-click or control-click and choose Make Link. TextEdit will know that you’ve clicked a link, and will convert it into a blue, underlined, active link.

This works for links in any of the following formats: macworld.com, www.macworld.com, or http://www.macworld.com.

If you need to change a link, just right-click or Control-click it, choose Edit Link, and make your changes.

You can also make a link from any text. Select one or more words, choose Edit > Add Link, then type or paste the URL that the link will go to, and click OK.

4. Save TextEdit documents in Word format

TextEdit can read and write Word documents; sort of. Word text box. You’ll be able to edit Word documents without any complex formatting, but conditional formatting, such as text boxes, columns or image wrapping will be lost. However, you can save your TextEdit documents so people using Word—for example, on a PC—can read them.

There are two ways to do this. If your document is in Rich Text Format, then it’s an RTF document, which Word, or just about any other word processor, can read. But you can also save a file in a specific Word format. Choose Save, then, from the Save dialog box, click the File Format menu and choose one of the Word formats. If you’re not sure which to choose, Word 97—as old as it is—is probably the safest.

If you’ve already saved an RTF document, you’ll need to duplicate it before changing the format. Choose File > Duplicate, and then File > Save and choose the format.

5. Embed files

TextEdit’s default RTF format is a special file format called Rich Text Format Directory, which is a bundle, or a type of folder that can contain text and files. That means you can add photos, videos, music files, and even applications.

Let’s say you’re creating a document with a recipe. You might want to add photos you’ve taken to remind you of what the final dish should look like. Just drag a photo into your TextEdit document, where you’d like it to be. When you do this, TextEdit will ask if you want to convert the file to RTFD format; accept this change.

Unlike in most word processors, you won’t be able to tweak your image: You can’t crop it, resize it, rotate it, or apply shadows or borders. So if you want to do any of these, you need to do so before adding the photo.

But you can also add videos, music files, and more. Just drag any file into a TextEdit document. Bear in mind that any item you add to a TextEdit file makes the file larger, so if you want to send it by email, be careful not to put in too much.

6. Type faster with auto-complete

Tired of typing out long words? Do you have doubts about how a long word is spelled? Save time using OS X’s auto-complete feature in TextEdit.

Let’s say you need to type the word “transcendence.” Start typing the first few letters, such as “tran.” Press Option-Escape, and an auto-complete menu displays. Use the Down Arrow key to find the word you want, then press Return to have TextEdit complete the word for you. This can be quicker than looking up a word in a dictionary.

Alas, the OS X dictionary doesn’t contain facinerious, so you’ll have to look that one up yourself.

TextEdit’s got plenty of tricks up its sleeves. Check the app’s Help menu for more about creating tables, formatting text and other great features. You may find that TextEdit is all you need to get your writing done.

Note: When you purchase something after clicking links in our articles, we may earn a small commission. Read our affiliate link policy for more details.

Sometimes when managing word processing or text documents you might want to save the file in a compressed JPEG format or other similar picture format. I was recently asked how to do this by a Mac user, who was looking for a way to better manage a text document for presenting it in Web pages, but who was also interested in placing a formatted text file as an object in presentations and other Word processing documents.

Not only does converting a text file to an image allow for easier handling when embedding in other documents, but it also allows for easier drawing of annotations and other items on the document when discussing and presenting it.

There are a couple of ways to save documents to an image format. Sometimes programs may specifically support saving to a JPEG, TIFF, or other rasterized format, but since many don't you can take advantage of a couple of technologies built in to OS X that will allow you to do this.

Screenshots

Vim is available for all the major desktop platforms (and some minor ones) as well as iOS and Android, but makes few concessions for beginners. Vim is an expansion of the Unix vi editor, and its old school design could be a little intimidating if you're used to modern Windows software, but it's a superb text editor nonetheless. The learning curve is steep, with no hand-holding, but in exchange Vim offers unrivaled power. There are features such as various methods of code completion, macro recording and playback, history support for calling up commonly used snippets of code, and built-in script for automation and customization. Good text editor for html. Download here: 4.

The first is the use of screenshots, which is an excellent way to quickly snap a sample picture of the screen, a window, or a selection of the screen. You can then import the resulting image (by default it's a PNG file) into numerous applications.

While screenshots are useful and convenient, they're limited primarily because the screen resolution on Macs is 72 dots per inch, which means the resulting picture will also be 72 dots per inch. This cuts down on file size, but it also limits the uses of the file to being presented on screen. If you print the file or wish for finer detail of the text by having higher resolution, you can't do this with a direct screenshot. In addition, screenshots are limited to what you see on screen, so if you have a well-formatted document that goes beyond the limits of the screen, then you cannot capture it in an image file using screenshots.

Nevertheless, screenshots have their uses and can be particularly useful for illustrating aspects of what you see on screen. For more details on screenshots see this article on screenshot options.

Using a PDF intermediary

The next option is a more versatile option for creating a rasterized image of a text document, which is to convert it initially to a PDF and then to one of many image types. In OS X (or in any supported OS that has Adobe PDF installed) this can be done with practically any printable document by printing the file and then using the 'PDF' menu in the print dialogue box to either save the PDF or view it directly in Preview.

With the document now open in Preview, you can select 'Save As' from the File menu and in the Format window choose one of a number of supported rasterized image formats, including GIF, JPEG, PNG, BMP, and TIFF. Some image formats will have adjustable quality settings, but all should have a resolution option. The default will be 150dpi, but you can increase this to whatever suits your needs. Most printing will not need more than 300dpi, but you can set it to whatever you want.

Add Text To Photo Mac

Keep in mind that the greater the DPI setting the larger the final image will be, especially for nonlossy formats such as BMP and uncompressed TIFF. As an example, saving an 8x11 blank white text document as an uncompressed tiff file at 1500dpi results in a 631.2MB image file. Saving the same document as a JPEG with default quality settings results in a 3.3MB image file.

How To Add Text To A Picture In Word Mac

Once the file is saved you can annotate, crop, and otherwise manage it in ways that would be more difficult if the file were kept as a standard text or word processing file. In the following image example, there is some header information that is placed there by the application being used (in this case I used 'TextWrangler'), but this information can usually be removed in the application's preferences.

Add Text To Photo Free

Questions? Comments? Have a fix? Post them below or e-mail us! Be sure to check us out on Twitter and the CNET Mac forums.

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mentalmars · 5 years ago

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Past, Present, and Future of the ECHOcast - Borderlands 3 Interview

Who are you and what do you do? Hey there, my name is Scott Velasquez and I’m a programmer by trade. Most recently I was a lead programmer on Borderlands 2, Battleborn and then the Online and Social Product Owner for Borderlands 3. I will have been at Gearbox 19 years this August! How did you get started in the industry? Just after graduating with a Bachelor of Science from UAT in 2000, I landed a job at Cinematix Studios in Tempe, AZ. It was here where I finally earned the right to call myself a professional game developer working on two PS2 titles (Hirelings and Renegade Zero). I was responsible for the audio and input systems as well as the 3rd person camera systems. I was so excited working on the camera systems I had to call my college Calculus teacher and tell him I was applying the things he taught us, ha! Previously, I was big into modding Half-life, Quake and Duke Nukem 3D as well as working on my own personal projects. A friend and I wrote a Java 3D engine named Loco3D the moment 3D was added to Java. Our test data consisted of 3D models like Tie Fighters, buildings and etc. that we hand-built in a text file! Another friend and I wrote a C++ multiplayer checkers game which where we learned a lot about OpenGL and network programming at the Winsock level. In my spare time while at Cinematix I built a C++ game engine whose biggest feature at the time was being able to switch between Direct3D and OpenGL at run-time (something quite common to attempt at the time). I made my way to Gearbox after Cinematix failed to land a publisher for either PS2 game and had to close up shop. It’s been a great ride so far! I saw that you are the social product owner of Borderlands 3, what does that mean? Product Owner is a term typically associated with Agile development in a typical software company. I believe this is the first time we’ve used this role at Gearbox, but the intent was to capture the role of a person who could design and direct a group of developers to build new online and social features for BL3. I’m a generalist and customer-focused at heart so this ended up being a great fit in my mind. On any given day I could switch between the following roles: Programmer Designer Project Manager Business Strategy Customer Advocate Consumer of the Coffee Beans We drove the implementation of a number of features you are probably familiar with such as: Photo Mode Player Pinging Vault Hunter Profile on Roster UI Ask for Help Rare spawn sharing Dueling Lost loot Mail system Takedowns Twitch ECHOcast What was the inspiration for making the twitch extension? For years I was bothered watching Twitch hoping the streamer would open their scoreboard so I could see their stats in the competitive title they were streaming. Twitch visited us during Battleborn/early BL3 development and I urged them to consider building a product that allowed us to build interactions into the game to improve the quality of life for viewers and streamers. They must have heard this from other developers too as they officially announced extensions in 2017. Nobody outside of Gearbox/2K knows this, but I had actually created my Twitch developer account in 2013. We had a vision for Battleborn that included many things had the game taken off. One of which was integrated Twitch streaming and an extension. My Twitch developer account and grand ideas laid dormant until I got the nod from our Creative Director of BL3 to move forward. I asked around both the Frisco and Quebec studios to see if anybody had Twitch experience and got hooked up with my main man Michael Dube! As people joined the ECHOcast team they all offered ideas and feedback to help shape it was it is today. The objectives for the extension were to: Improve quality of life for streamers and viewers No more asking the streamer to show you their “gear/build/stats” Provide ways for streamer to foster their community and viewers a way to interact with their favorite streamer Raise the bar for video games streamed on Twitch Deliver new innovative and integrated experiences Partner with Twitch and streamers early Amplify BL3 milestones and reach new customers Earn loot before the game ships On-stream pre-order/purchase and continued updates alongside DLC and patches How does the extension “basically” work, how much planning and programming goes into it, does the game get shaped around these features or do you need to work within the parameters of the game itself? Great question. On the surface, it seems really straightforward, right? It is, but it isn’t! The extension is essentially a web app running on top of the Twitch video player. The game communicates with Twitch and our backend service running in the cloud to send data and events to the extension. The extension communicates with Twitch and our backend service when taking part in an event or linking your SHiFT account. You’re talking about three distinct areas of work consisting of three different languages (C++, Go, Javascript/HTML/CSS) and product deployments! All the while keeping into account that the game needs to run as if no extra work was added, the backend service has to handle Twitch scale and do so cost-effectively and the extension has to work on a variety of browsers and resolutions. Oh by the way, did you know that the ECHOcast extension actually runs on a Tesla? How freakin cool is that?! A lot of planning and programming went into developing the ECHOcast. We were really blazing trails for us at Gearbox and learned quite a lot along the way! We partnered with Twitch and a handful of streamers early so we could really good grasp on the technical challenges and what streamers thought about our designs. The ECHOcast was a huge team effort! For the initial release, no the game didn’t get shaped around ECHOcast. One reason was that it was unproven, but more importantly, it’s because we wanted the work put into ECHOcast to be able to happen anywhere in your Borderlands 3 adventure. In other words, we didn’t want a feature to only become available in a certain location otherwise the chances of us making an impact would have dropped tremendously. After the game launched and ECHOcast was out in the wild, people around the studio really started to take notice and they started stopping by talking to us about upcoming things where ECHOcast could be integrated. We have more big updates planned! I heard that my friend, lowlines, is helping out with the twitch extension. How did the team get established? He sure is helping! He was actually the first person I reached out to when I got the go-ahead to develop ECHOcast. We met through his Borderlands and Battleborn projects where he developed all kinds of cool stuff for the community. I’d like to think we’re pretty good friends at this point! Version 1 of the twitch extension was launched at the Borderlands 3 reveal event, how exciting was that and what did you learn from the process? First of all, it was great to finally meet you in person at the event! But man, as if revealing the game wasn’t enough we were like “let’s ship version 1 of ECHOcast and allow up to 200 streamers to stream it live AND earn rare chest loot!” That’s my kind of ambition! haha It was very exciting and very humbling to the team who almost all made it out to Los Angeles to witness first hand. The game and ECHOcast were received very well and our first trial run at scale was successful. We gathered a lot of feedback and telemetry from the reveal that allowed us to optimize the rare chest event and apply the lessons forward to the game’s release which included pinata and the badass event. Since the launch of the extension, you guys kept working on it. Version 2 added mobile compatible. What can we expect in the near future? (V3) There are some really cool and fun updates coming along and we’ll be talking about those very soon! Tune in to the next Borderlands Show on February 11 to learn more! You work with Rick, the owner of DIM, an item management tool for Destiny. Now that Borderlands 3’s inventory space has increased significantly, do think it’s possible to see an online item management tool? That’s right, Rick brought his expertise to help ECHOcast development as well. I would love to leverage more of Rick’s experience, but nothing to officially comment on at the moment. I think it is safe to say that we would like to continue pushing forward though! Like Lowlines, I think we all made a new friend in Rick as well. Thanks for the recommendation, Lowlines! I personally had a few ideas for the twitch extension: While ‘fight for your life’ mode is probably too short to interact with the community. But what if a streamer goes down a bunch of times and the community can help him/her get through it by providing a buff, like extended FFYL, health boosters, or shield boosters. I think this could also give the viewer a sense of accomplishment as they helped their favorite streamer achieving a tough goal. Ha, great minds think alike! It’s funny you should mention this was actually in our initial prototype by Mick aka Michael Dube, one of the badass game programmers helping with ECHOcast in our Quebec City studio. The ECHOcast team is world-wide! I wish I could tell you more but you’ll just have to wait and find out 😊 Would a Community Slaughter Fest work? When the streamer enters a dome, the viewers can decide which type of enemies each wave has. Streamer VS Viewers. Another great idea, we’re all on the same wavelength I think! We pitched this and I definitely think this could work. Given the schedule the game teams are working under it wasn’t something we could add in time and make sure not to break across the game. Definitely something I think we should keep in our back pocket for the future! Is there anything my readers should know that I haven’t asked you? Let’s see…well they probably already know how badass you are, so I don’t think that needs to be said I would just like to say thank you to everybody who purchased Borderlands 3 and checked out ECHOcast. We’re always open to feedback on anything we had a hand in so please feel free to tweet at me or whatever. Twitch just added a way for streamers to provide feedback about an extension so please consider using that for feedback too! PS. Send tacos, all the tacos! Do you have any advice for the folks that wanna get into the games industry? You bet! The very first step, before buying books, paying for an online course or signing up for college… Make sure you understand the high level of what it takes to make a video game. Specifically, what roles are responsible for what in the game and what skills are involved. Then think about what you’re passionate about when you take into consideration the roles learned above. Also, think about where you naturally excel…good with math? Art? etc. Once you narrow down the role you can begin to learn and practice. Build up a portfolio and record notes on what you learned and are most proud of with each personal project. Hack and build mods on existing games that offer SDKs or user-generated content. When you get to the point of interviewing, be yourself and allow your passion, experience, and ability to learn and work with others show. Don’t forget to ask your potential employer lots of questions too, you should be interviewing them as well! Good luck, I’ll be playing your games before you know it!

Continue reading on https://mentalmars.com/game-news/past-present-and-future-of-the-echocast-borderlands-3-interview/

#Borderlands 3 Interview #Borderlands 3 News

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componentplanet · 5 years ago

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Tested: Lenovo’s X13 Yoga Is a 2-in-1 ThinkPad Fans Will Love

I’ve always found Lenovo’s Yoga series of laptops intriguing, as they mix some of the features of a 2-in-1 with the performance of a traditional clamshell laptop. So I was eager to test out the most recent incarnation, the Lenovo ThinkPad X13 Yoga Gen 1 ($1,886.99 as tested, at CDW, with availability currently listed as 4-6 weeks). As befits the ThinkPad name, it comes with all the usual ThinkPad goodies. But as a Yoga, it also features a 360-degree hinge, a touch screen, and stylus support.

Lenovo ThinkPad X13 Yoga Gen 1 By the Numbers

The review unit we tested came with a 10th Generation, quad-core i5-10310U running at 1.7 GHz, a hefty 16GB of RAM, and a high-performance 256GB SSD. Configuration options from Lenovo include processors up to an i7-10610U, either 8GB or 16GB of RAM, up to 1TB SSD, and either Microsoft Windows 10 Home or Pro. You can also add a smart card reader for $20, and you can downgrade the camera to a non-IR version or upgrade the system to include LTE support.

Our Lenovo ThinkPad X13 Yoga Gen 1 review unit.

The 13.2-inch 1080p display is multi-touch-enabled and supports an included active stylus. While the system is too beefy to be used as a handheld tablet, I was happy to see the stylus because the X13 Yoga works well when flopped open on a desk. You also get both a ThinkPad-style trackpad and a TrackPoint-equipped keyboard for those who prefer it. Unlike older ThinkPad keyboards, the TrackPoint is in a slightly recessed area. That took me a little getting used to, but I suspect may be a concession to those who don’t use it and didn’t like it sticking up quite so high.

There’s a good selection of ports for a lightweight laptop, including an often-forgotten microSD reader. The X13 Yoga sports one Thunderbolt 3 (Type-C), one USB 3.1 Gen 1 (Type-C), and two USB3.1 (Type-A, with one always on for charging other devices) ports, along with HDMI 1.4b, a port for an optional Ethernet connector, a mic/headphone jack, and a “garage” for the stylus.

The webcam is a decent 720p, and (optionally) has IR support for Windows Hello, as well as a physical shutter for privacy. The LED-backlit keyboard has a fast fingerprint reader that’s implemented entirely in the sensor, so your fingerprint data is never exposed to anyone else. For connectivity, unless you want to deal with the Ethernet connector, the unit comes with a speedy Wi-Fi-6-compatible Intel AX201 chipset and it supports Bluetooth 5.0.

Thinkpad X13 Yoga First Impressions

First, this is one solidly built machine, with a magnesium and carbon fiber chassis. It really felt like I could drop it and not worry (but I didn’t try). If I was on the road for an extended trip, which I hope to be again someday, I’d feel much more confident in it surviving whatever happened than I would with a typical consumer, plastic-bodied model. The solid build and extra goodies mean it isn’t the absolute lightest or thinnest of ultraportables, but it’s still under 3 pounds and less than 16mm thick.

The Thinkpad X13 Yoga isn’t the lightest ultraportable, but it packs a lot into a thin, rugged chassis.

Visually, you’ll notice that the bezel is larger than on the top-of-the-line lightweight notebooks. Nothing that would have been unusual a couple of years ago, but certainly noticeable. Lenovo says the active stylus design doesn’t result in a thicker display, so I’m not sure what design issues resulted in the largish bezel. Once you get working with the machine, it’s quick and responsive, and if you like ThinkPad keyboards, you’ll enjoy typing on it. But if you’ve put it on your lap, you’ll immediately notice it gets really warm. Even with just a browser open, it was too hot without some padding.

Other than that, the machine was great to use in testing. It handled typical office workloads well and did a decent job on typical “creative” tasks such as photo editing for a machine that doesn’t have a high-end CPU or discrete GPU. The stylus wrote well, but it’s really small, and more like the S Pen you get with a Galaxy Note than the larger models those familiar with Wacom or other tablets are used to. The plus side is that the stylus stores nicely in the machine when not in use, so you don’t have to rely on silly cloth loops or ineffective magnetic attachments. However, I don’t think I’d want to use it for extended drawing sessions.

Like every Yoga, the ThinkPad X13 Yoga Gen 1 is also really handy for watching videos.

The bottom-firing speakers provided easy-to-understand audio when watching videos, and are positioned so that if you use the Yoga in “tent” mode for watching movies, they fire around the side of the display and provide kind of a cool sound stage. The speakers, designed in cooperation with Dolby Labs, are 2 watts each. That won’t blow the doors off your bedroom or office, but I found to be plenty for personal or small group listening.

The display is rated up to 300 nits, and was bright enough for everything I needed to do. Yes, I’m really spoiled by the 4K display on my larger Precision 5540, so I think I would have preferred at least a 1440p display. But it’s likely that would have pushed the system price over the important $2K barrier.

Is Lenovo’s ThinkPad X13 Yoga Gen 1 the Convertible For You?

If you are already hooked on ThinkPads but want the flexibility of a relatively lightweight convertible with the latest components, this machine is for you. Other than wishing for a bit higher resolution screen and a larger stylus, I haven’t found any real faults with it. Of course, if you aren’t already a fan of the unique TrackPoint system or ThinkPad keyboards, you have lots of other options that don’t include paying for those. Either way, it’s one of the most solidly built, sub-$2,000 laptops I’ve used.

Now Read:

Living With the Lenovo ThinkPad X1 Carbon

Lenovo X1 Carbon vs. Yoga: Which ThinkPad Model Is Right for You?

Lenovo’s ThinkPad X1 Fold Is the First Foldable Windows Tablet

from ExtremeTechExtremeTech https://www.extremetech.com/computing/314003-lenovo-thinkpad-x13-yoga-gen-1-review from Blogger http://componentplanet.blogspot.com/2020/09/tested-lenovos-x13-yoga-is-2-in-1.html

#Tested: Lenovo’s X13 Yoga Is a 2-in-1 ThinkPad Fans Will Love

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holytheoristtastemaker · 5 years ago

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The internet has been around for a long while, and over time we’ve changed the way we think about web design. Many old techniques and ways of doing things have gotten phased out as newer and better alternatives have been created, and we say that they have been deprecated. Deprecated. It’s a word we use and see often. But have you stopped to think about what it means in practice? What are some examples of deprecated web elements, and why don’t we use them any more? What is deprecation? In everyday English, to “deprecate” something is to express disapproval of it. For example, you might be inclined to deprecate a news story you don’t like. When we’re speaking in a technical sense, however, deprecation is the discouragement of use for an old feature. Often, the old feature remains functional in the interests of backward compatibility (so legacy projects don’t break). In essence, this means that you can technically still do things the legacy way. It’ll probably still work, but maybe it’s better to use the new way. Another common scenario is when technical elements get deprecated as a prelude to their future removal (which we sometimes call “sunsetting” a feature). This provides everybody time to transition from the old way of working to the new system before the transition happens. If you follow WordPress at all, they recently did this with their radically new Gutenberg editor. They shipped it, but kept an option available to revert to the “classic” editor so users could take time to transition. Someday, the “classic” editor will likely be removed, leaving Gutenberg as the only option for editing posts. In other words, WordPress is sunsetting the “classic” editor. That’s merely one example. We can also look at HTML features that were once essential staples but became deprecated at some point in time. Why do HTML elements get deprecated? Over the years, our way of thinking about HTML has evolved. Originally, it was an all-purpose markup language for displaying and styling content online. Over time, as external stylesheets became more of a thing, it began to make more sense to think about web development differently — as a separation of concerns where HTML defines the content of a page, and CSS handles the presentation of it. This separation of style and content brings numerous benefits: Avoiding duplication: Repeating code for every instance of red-colored text on a page is unwieldy and inefficient when you can have a single CSS class to handle all of it at once. Ease of management: With all of the presentation controlled from a central stylesheet, you can make site-wide changes with little effort. Readability: When viewing a website’s source, it’s a lot easier to understand the code that has been neatly abstracted into separate files for content and style. Caching: The vast majority of websites have consistent styling across all pages, so why make the browser download those style definitions again and again? Putting the presentation code in a dedicated stylesheet allows for caching and reuse to save bandwidth. Developer specialization: Big website projects may have multiple designers and developers working on them, each with their individual areas of expertise. Allowing a CSS specialist to work on their part of the project in their own separate files can be a lot easier for everybody involved. User options: Separating styling from content can allow the developer to easily offer display options to the end user (the increasingly popular ‘night mode’ is a good example of this) or different display modes for accessibility. Responsiveness and device independence: separating the code for content and visual presentation makes it much easier to build websites that display in very different ways on different screen resolutions. However, in the early days of HTML there was a fair amount of markup designed to control the look of the page right alongside the content. You might see code like this: Hello world! …all of which is now deprecated due to the aforementioned separation of concerns. Which HTML elements are now deprecated? As of the release of HTML5, use of the following elements is discouraged: (use instead) (use ) (use CSS font properties, like font-size, font-family, etc.) (use CSS font-size) (use CSS text-align) (use ) (use CSS font properties) (use ) (not needed any more) (not needed any more) (not needed any more) (use text-decoration: line-through in CSS) (use text-decoration: line-through in CSS) (use ) There is also a long list of deprecated attributes, including many elements that continue to be otherwise valid (such as the align attribute used by many elements). The W3C has the full list of deprecated attributes. Why don’t we use table for layouts any more? Before CSS became widespread, it was common to see website layouts constructed with the element. While the element is not deprecated, using them for layout is strongly discouraged. In fact, pretty much all HTML table attributes that were used for layouts have been deprecated, such as cellpadding, bgcolor and width. At one time, tables seemed to be a pretty good way to lay out a web page. We could make rows and columns any size we wanted, meaning we could put everything inside. Headers, navigation, footers… you name it! That would create a lot of website code that looked like this: Blah blah blah! There are numerous problems with this approach: Complicated layouts often end up with tables nested inside other tables, which creates a headache-inducing mess of code. Just look at the source of any email newsletter. Accessibility is problematic, as screen readers tend to get befuddled by the overuse of tables. Tables are slow to render, as the browser waits for the entire table to download before showing it on the screen. Responsible and mobile-friendly layouts are very difficult to create with a table-based layout. We still have not found a silver bullet for responsive tables (though many clever ideas exist). Continuing the theme of separating content and presentation, CSS is a much more efficient way to create the visual layout without cluttering the code of the main HTML document. So, when should we use? Actual tabular data, of course! If you need to display a list of baseball scores, statistics or anything else in that vein, is your friend. Why do we still use and tags? “Hang on just a moment,” you might say. “How come bold and italic HTML tags are still considered OK? Aren’t those forms of visual styling that ought to be handled with CSS?” It’s a good question, and one that seems difficult to answer when we consider that other tags like and are deprecated. What’s going on here? The short and simple answer is that and would probably have been deprecated if they weren’t so widespread and useful. CSS alternatives seem somewhat unwieldy by comparison: .emphasis { font-weight:bold } This is a bold word! This is a bold word! This is a bold word! The long answer is that these tags have now been assigned some semantic meaning, giving them value beyond pure visual presentation and allowing designers to use them to confer additional information about the text they contain. This is important because it helps screen readers and search crawlers better understand the purpose of the content wrapped in these tags. We might italicize a word for several reasons, like adding emphasis, invoking the title of a creative work, referring to a scientific name, and so on. How does a screen reader know whether to place spoken emphasis on the word or not? and have companions, including , and . Together, these tags make the meaning context of text clearer: is for drawing attention to text without giving it any additional importance. It’s used when we want to draw attention to something without changing the inflection of the text when it is read by a screen reader or without adding any additional weight or meaning to the content for search engines. is a lot like but signals the importance of something. It’s the same as changing the inflection of your voice when adding emphasis on a certain word. italicizes text without given it any additional meaning or emphasis. It’s perfect for writing out something that is normally italicized, like the scientific name of an animal. is like in that it italicizes text, but it provides adds additional emphasis (hence the tag name) without adding more importance in context. (‘I’m sure I didn’t forget to feed the cat’). is what we use to refer to the title of a creative work, say a movie like The Silence of the Lambs. This way, text is styled but doesn’t affect the way the sentence would be read aloud. In general, the rule is that and are to be used only as a last resort if you can’t find anything more appropriate for your needs. This semantic meaning allows and to continue to have a place in our modern array of HTML elements and survive the deprecation that has befallen other, similar style tags. On a related note, — the underline tag — was at one time deprecated, but has since been restored in HTML5 because it has some semantic uses (such as annotating spelling errors). There are many other HTML elements that might lend styling to content, but primarily serve to provide semantic meaning to content. Mandy Michael has an excellent write-up that covers those and how they can be used (and even combined!) to make the most semantic markup possible. Undead HTML attributes Some deprecated elements are still in widespread use around the web today. After all, they still work — they’re just discouraged. This is sometimes because word hasn’t gotten around that that thing you’ve been using for ages isn’t actually the way it’s done any more. Other times, it’s due to folks who don’t see a compelling reason to change from doing something that works perfectly well. Hey, CSS-Tricks still uses the teletype element for certain reasons. One such undead HTML relic is the align attribute in otherwise valid tags, especially images. You may see tags with a border attribute, although that attribute has long been deprecated. CSS, of course, is the preferred and modern method for that kind of styling presentation. Staying up to date with deprecation is key for any web developer. Making sure your code follows the current recommendations while avoiding legacy elements is an essential best practice. It not only ensures that your site will continue to work in the long run, but that it will play nicely with the web of the future.

http://damianfallon.blogspot.com/2020/04/why-do-some-html-elements-become_4.html

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holytheoristtastemaker · 5 years ago

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bredahl23crowell-blog · 8 years ago

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Finest Mobile Games

Play our awesome mobile games straight in your web web browser with the brand-new HTML 5 variation. Possibly a music quiz is more up your street if general knowledge quizzing and word games aren't truly your speed. Just like the text-based function playing games of old, the current crop of smart phone function playing video games have actually put more focus on how the story establishes and unfolds as you progress deeper and much deeper into the video game. Mobile games are now so popular that they account for half of the entire worldwide digital video games market. Following the success of their very first video game, MadFinger Games launched Dead Trigger 2, which is so zombielicious you'll be requesting more blood and guts after just a few minutes of playing. With Sonic you can go on and on with endless quantities of game play and mini video games. Just plan on dedicating a fair bit of time to the video game as players discover standard quests will require about an hour of play time at a minimum to complete. Suppose if you are waiting on someone or standing in a queue, and you know it will take great deal of time, instead of getting bored, you can play games on your mobile. For a period in the early 2000s, WAP and other early mobile web protocols enabled easy client-server video games to be hosted online, which might be played through a WAP internet browser on devices that did not have the capability to download and run discrete applications. A a great deal of online action games have actually been developed, which are engrossing the gamers all throughout the world. UFO 2012 mobile games totally free download features a special mix of tactical fights and worldwide technique. Among it's most popular games is the complimentary mmo called Club Penguin however includes several classifications. When you desire to make out with him, the mobile treasure hunt ... You can play this video game with your partner especially. Yet, firmness does not indicate unpopularity all the time, and in truth this is the main reason why mobile video games are this popular among all game players all around the world. The internet is considered as the very best tool for the avid players, youth and children in discovering most current and profitable games. Download the most popular freeware video games software application, You will find leading rated games and new releases and play online now. There is no better method to relax and relax than by going on the internet and playing flash games on your computer. madden mobile coins hack Snowboarding Yeti Mountain has all the trademarks of free Android classics such as Flappy Bird and Timberman, specifically Lo-fi graphics, exceptional controls and addicting gameplay. A variety of significant game types usually fall under the heading of tabletop video games. The rising appeal of online flash video games or Macromedia flash games have resulted in an Internet revolution. Riverman Media makes some extremely unusual games that are also really lovely (see: Deathfall, The Executive, Pizza vs. Skeletons). These are simply a few of the readily available tools that game developers can use to make their video games more advanced and looked for amongst players around the world. With instinctive controls, reasonable physics, several archery areas, and play modes makes this one of the best Archery games on mobile. Supercell's colossal mobile technique game Clash Royale has actually topped our surveys, and has been voted as your preferred mobile game of the year. It can be utilized for the iPhone video games as well as other platforms such as Google Android. With Aeria Mobile, players on the go can play mobile games on popular os like Android and iOS. It is worth keeping in mind that lots of games falling under this classification, especially party games, are more free-form in their play and can include exercise such as mime, nevertheless the basic facility is still that the game does not need a big location in which to play it, large quantities of strength or stamina, or specific equipment aside from exactly what can be found in the box (video games in some cases need extra products like pencil and paper that are easy to procure). Mama would permit us to save and purchase the brand-new video games in anticipation of playing games now. To play you take it in turns to fold back a petal and act out the idea, be it a gentle neck rub, a little bit of tactical tickling, or something more racy. With our free mobile video games along with standard PC and browser games, a great video gaming experience is never ever far! Due to its ease of porting in between mobile os and comprehensive designer community, Unity is among the most extensively used engines used by modern-day mobile video games. As an outcome, playing mobile games is more popular than PC games, which indicates an ad in a mobile video game will supply a much better business effect than that in a PC game. If you delete your Play Games profile, all your Play Games data will be deleted and your Player ID will become available to other users. Congratulations, Supercell: Clash Royale is the main Readers' Mobile Video game of the Year 2016. Fun sports video games consist of all type of sports - basketball, soccer, baseball, tennis and a lot more. Do your finest versus a fantastic computer challenger online in Egypt Pyramid Solitaire. Designed by the developer of the provocative comics series The Oatmeal, Exploding Kittens is a multiplayer mobile card video game that started its life as an ultra successful Kickstarter job. It's a complimentary and easy (offering you do not want to pay to open other additional categories), as well as has a two-player mode that splits the screen in 2, to permit you and a good friend to race to answer initially. Prepare yourself to launch on an exciting journey into the stars with this mobile game.

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pressography-blog1 · 8 years ago

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Google provides a read-it-later characteristic to Chrome for iOS

New Post has been published on https://pressography.org/google-provides-a-read-it-later-characteristic-to-chrome-for-ios/

Google provides a read-it-later characteristic to Chrome for iOS

Google simply added “study it later” bookmarking functionality to the state-of-the-art version of Chrome for iOS. This seems to be an iOS-best feature for now and is just like Safari’s studying list characteristic that first rolled out with Mac OS X 10.7 Lion in 2011.

Google Provides

Chrome Download

Like Safari’s analyzing listing, you hit the percentage button in Chrome and pick examine Later from the menu. Chrome will then shop the web page for you. To get right to entry to your studying list, faucet the menu button inside the higher right corner (the 3 vertical dots) and pick studying listing.

A pop-up window will then seem with all your articles. choose the only you want, and as long as there’s an inexperienced test mark icon on it, you’ll be capable of examining it offline. While offline, Chrome shows the page in a more text-friendly layout, but the browser displays the whole page Whilst connected to c084d04ddacadd4b971ae3d98fecfb2a.

Contrast that to Safari’s feature, which could store pages offline, however, calls for you to tap an icon to go into Reader View—the benefit being you may input the simplified textual content-friendly reading mode whether or not you’re online or off.

The impact on you at domestic: Despite the fact that Google is large at the cloud, the reading list characteristic in Chrome for iOS doesn’t sync with the cloud proper now. The stored articles live to your nearby device. It’s also not available on other devices strolling Chrome, including Macs. It appears Google’s only motivation for this new capability is to provide a feature that Safari for iOS had, but Chrome didn’t.

It can be iOS-most effective right now, but a cloud-synced, loose study-it-later provider constructed into Chrome might be beneficial for users throughout all platforms. It might also provide another alternative to 1/3-party systems which includes Pocket, recently received the aid of Mozilla and Pinterest-owned Instapaper.

Google to Introduce Chrome for iOS and Android four.1 Jelly Bean

Google maintains on launching new apps or web equipment to great integrate the net capabilities into new and upgraded gadgets. One such current updates from Google is Chrome for Android and iOS for all the devices, laptop, pill and Smartphone. No doubt, customers of Smartphones clearly got overjoyed to listen to this because the Android Browser in assessment to fashionable laptop supported browsers is a low performer. But, in a recent seminar at San Francisco, Google has launched some interesting news in relation to its newly released chrome. The information is noticeably contradictory to the usual perceptions.

The primary such news is that new Chrome Beta for Android browser is really out of beta. Google Chrome for Android is of the model is 18, and this version does not help the stuff of chrome’s beta model. however, this model 18 is quite compatible with HTML%. Galaxy Nexus Smartphone remains to have Android with Jelly Bean as its default browser, and chrome is required to be downloaded. However, the tablet Nexus 7 is The first device to have Android four.1; this will have Google chrome as its default browser. The brand new devices and the 4.zero model old gadgets, that are upgraded to four.1, may have chrome by means of default but others will keep having android. But, for net views, Chrome engine is not but being brought. Similarly, in terms of HTML5 compatibility as well, the default engine on 4.1 upgraded devices remains is still non-Chrome.

The second exciting piece of news is that Chrome for iOS is not at all Chrome. Although it has Chrome-fashion UI, Chrome synching, Omnibox and seek by means of voice alternative but its execution and the rendering engine aren’t Chrome. That is greater like pseudo-browsers, that’s the usage of iOS net View that shares most of the code with Safari. Thereby, While using Chrome for iOS, the consumer sees the web in the identical manner as in Safari, as both Safari and Chrome iOS are based totally on WebKit. however, in terms of HTML5 compatibility, Chrome for iOS follows Safari on iOS. Which means one may not get IndexedDB, animation timing API, complete display API, faraway debugging report upload and HTML media size in Chrome for iOS. But, inside the new iOS 6 versions, this stuff may additionally get included. Further, Chrome for iOS is also much more likely to replace the default UIWebView neighborhood storage. Furthermore, with Chrome for iOS, there may be no provision to paintings with full-screen apps.

any other critical aspect to be taken into consideration is that with Chrome on iOS, there could be no default browser; every time a person will attempt to hyperlink up with Twitter, Fb, and many others, he may be forwarded to Safari; from there he has to copy and paste the URL in Chrome, to get related through chrome. Moreover, towards each iOS model, the identical Chrome version will perform with exceptional guide together with 4.three, five.zero, five.1 or 6.zero.

Article Advertising: 8 Important tools to Curate Content to your Marketing

As humans, we revel in accumulating the excellent of the satisfactory. We collect art, literature and historic collections and house them in museums and libraries internationally. Curating Content is just one more way of pulling together the best of the quality and cataloging it to proportion it with others.

the usage of the Internet has simplest made this manner less difficult. As a writer you can mixture Content, distil it into its maximum vital and applicable ideas, point to fashionable traits or insights, or increase a historically correct timeline of facts on a specific subject matter.

but, regardless of how you slice it, in case you are going to curate Content, you must be able to find the statistics you want. The subsequent equipment and websites will come up with the capability to curate principles and broaden your very own specific style of pulling unique articles together.

Feedly is a web tool to be had for iOS, Android, Chrome, Safari and Wi-firefox. Marketed as the following step after Google introduced the loss of life of its ever popular RSS aggregator [Google Reader], Feedly organizes and allows you to percentage Content out of your favored websites. You have a choice of using more than one exceptional layouts and can share your Content material across social networks. Feedly allows you to the mixture the Content and then broaden your personal RSS feed.

Factiva is a splendid useful resource with which you could find out authoritative information Content posted across the internet. It’s far the brainchild of Dow Jones and a big possibility for businesses to gain a foothold in their area of interest.

Storify is a unfastened to use a web page that allows you to gather stories, gather media and then put up them on Storify. Now you may embed them everywhere – your website, Facebook or link to them on Twitter or LinkedIn.

Ios Definition

The bundle is every other website that allows you to bundle all styles of Content and shop on their website. Browse through what other people have bundled for your area of interest for smooth to find Content material that you may curate.

BagTheWeb is used to bag statistics which you would really like to store and use later. you could create your very own collections and look through collections that others have created and made public. It’s far and clean manner to accumulate Content material to curate and submit for your web page even as browsing to your area of interest.

list.Ly helps you to create lists and submit them so others can read. But, you furthermore might have access to the lists that others have created on your niche. examine through to discover some thrilling Content this is cutting-edge and which you can upload on your personal pinnacle 10 listing on your website online.

Scoop.It offers you the capability to glance through what others have scooped. Use the search bar across the pinnacle to find topics that others have already created, or create your very own. you could now edit and put up your statistics in other social online magazines or collect it to your very own guides.

MyCurator is a WordPress plug-in that pulls in clean Content material for your website and gives you ready to apply Content and pix that you can curate in your posts. It is free to apply for 2 topics, or WordPress classes, however, would require month-to-month plan to curate extra.

Chrome File Hippo

you can create your own non-public, monetary and emotional achievement the use of our hints. Visit our blog at Create fulfillment! And find out, even more, data you could use today!

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viralhottopics · 8 years ago

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Inside Chrome: The Secret Project to Crush IE and Remake the Web

Chrome development team from left, Mark Larson, Brian Rakowski, Darin Fisher, and Ben Goodger Photo:Joe Pugliese

Brian Rakowski walks to the whiteboard in a small conference room in Building 41 on Google’s Mountain View campus. A lanky, gregarious man in his twenties, Rakowski is the product manager of a top-secret project that’s been under way for more than two years. The weekly Monday meeting of managers or “leads,” as Google puts it in its nonhierarchical way will be one of the last before the upcoming launch. Rakowski writes 12 items on the board with a black dry-erase marker. The first is “State of the Release.” It’s late August, and the release in question is called Chrome, Google’s first Web browser. Since a browser is the linchpin of Web activity the framework for our searching, reading, buying, banking, Facebooking, chatting, video watching, music appreciation, and porn consumption this is huge for Google, a step that needed to wait until the company had, essentially, come of age. It is an explicit attempt to accelerate the movement of computing off the desktop and into the cloud where Google holds advantage. And it’s an aggressive move destined to put the company even more squarely in the crosshairs of its rival Microsoft, which long ago crushed the most fabled browser of all, Netscape Navigator. A Google browser has been rumored for so long that most people have stopped talking about it. But the folks in this room know that the talking will soon begin again. Chrome is due to rock the Web just 16 days from this meeting. It turns out the state of the release is … not so bad. At Release Build Minus One ideally, the last version before the public beta hits the streets there are only five “blocking” bugs, all of which Rakowski and team deem fixable. “Things are looking good,” says Mark Larson, one of the tech leads. “What are we missing?” asks Sundar Pichai, Google’s vice president of product management. “What’s keeping you up at night?” “It’s not Chrome,” says Darin Fisher, an engineer who coauthored the first prototype. That gets a laugh because everyone knows he’s got a 10-week-old at home. Rakowski takes a red marker and puts an X next to the State of the Release item. The Google browser is one step closer to reality. Why is Google building a browser? A better question is, why did it take so long for Google to build a browser? After all, as Pichai says, “our entire business is people using a browser to access us and the Web.” “The browser matters,” CEO Eric Schmidt says. He should know, because he was CTO of Sun Microsystems during the great browser wars of the 1990s. Google cofounders Larry Page and Sergey Brin know it, too. “When I joined Google in 2001, Larry and Sergey immediately said, ‘We should build our own browser,’” Schmidt says. “And I said no.” It wasn’t the right time, Schmidt told them. “I did not believe that the company was strong enough to withstand a browser war,” he says. “It was important that our strategic aspirations be relatively under the radar.” Nonetheless, the idea persisted and rumors percolated. After a 2004 New York Times article quoted “a person who has detailed knowledge of the company’s business” saying a browser was in the works, Schmidt had to publicly deny it. But behind the scenes, the subject remained a running argument between Schmidt and the founders. As a kind of compromise, Google assembled a team to work on improvements for the open source browser Firefox, spearheaded by browser wizards Ben Goodger and Fisher. (Both had worked with Mozilla, the nonprofit organization behind Firefox.) Another hiring coup came when Linus Upson, a 37-year-old engineer whose pedigree includes a stint at NeXT, signed up as a director of engineering. “This was very clever on Larry and Sergey’s part,” Schmidt says, “because, of course, these people doing Firefox extensions are perfectly capable of doing a great browser.” Sure enough, in the spring of 2006, the Firefox group began talking among themselves about designing a new app. They loved Firefox but they recognized a flaw in all current browsers. When Microsoft’s Internet Explorer and the codebase at the heart of Firefox were originally conceived, browsing was less complex. Now, however, functions that previously could be performed only on the desktop email, spreadsheets, database management are increasingly handled online. In the coming era of cloud computing, the Web will be much more than just a means of delivering content it will be a platform in its own right. The problem with revamping existing browsers to accommodate this concept is that they have developed an ecology of add-on extensions (toolbars, RSS readers, etc.) that would be hopelessly disrupted by a radical upgrade. “As a Firefox developer, you love to innovate, but you’re always worried that it means in the next version all the extensions will be broken,” Fisher says. “And indeed, that’s what happens.” The conclusion was obvious: Only by building its own software could Google bring the browser into the cloud age and potentially trigger a spiral of innovation not seen since Microsoft and Netscape one-upped each other almost monthly.

Chrome: Here’s What Shines

Google wanted a browser optimized for cloud computing, with a design emphasis on simplicity and speed. Key features:

Speed Blazing fast JavaScript engine opens the door to more advanced Web applications.

Navigation The “omnibox” combines the search and address boxes, and pop-up thumbnails show your most-visited destinations.

Availability The open source software was launched in over 40 languages, but Windows only; Mac and Linux versions are in the works.

Reliability Tabs run in isolation, so if one crashes, no others are affected. Also, you can drag tabs to create new windows.

Privacy Browsing history is now searchable and editable; incognito mode offers private surfing.

One key change they had in mind was something called a multiprocess architecture, the system that helps the computer keep going when an application crashes or freezes. Why not extend that idea to browsers, so if something crashes in a tab, the other tabs are unperturbed? Also, for that matter, why not set things up so that you can drag an existing tab to create a new window? Starting from scratch had other advantages. You could design it to look cleaner and run faster, the twin dogmas of the Google corporate religion. Around June 2006, Goodger, Fisher, and another former Mozillan named Brian Ryner cooked up a small prototype. Their first big decision involved the choice of a rendering engine, the software that processes the HTML code of a Web page into the stuff that appears on your screen. The two major open source options were Gecko, used by Firefox, and WebKit, which powers Apple’s Safari browser. The word was that WebKit (which had already been adopted by the group developing Google’s Android mobile operating system) could be nasty fast three times as fast as Gecko, in one example. In a few weeks, they had a simple application running WebKit on Windows that kept going even when a Web page crashed a tab. Early on, Goodger recalls, “our prototypes had a picture of a little tab that was unhappy, and if a tab died you’d see that. It was the first piece of personality in the product.” Not long after that, Brin and Page came by to check in on the furtive beginnings of their browser. “I remember sitting at my desk, which at the time had a stuffed snake running along the back of it,” says Pam Greene, an engineer on the team. “Sergey was bouncing on one of those exercise balls, watching Darin give a demo, and petting the snake.” No one will say exactly when the browser project got the official green light. Pichai recalls an executive meeting when Schmidt no longer seemed as opposed as he had been. If Google did go for it, the CEO said, the team had to produce something very different from Explorer and Firefox. In addition, a Google browser would have to be fast, and it would have to be open source. Which, of course, was exactly what the team already had in mind. In any case, by the autumn of 2006 the line between unofficial concept and formal project had been crossed. “One Friday, there was a meeting called with like an hour’s notice,” engineer Brett Wilson says. “We were told, ‘The management is thinking about doing our own browser what do you think about that?’ Everybody was a combination of excited and freaked out.” Part of the freak-out was they knew full well that building a competitive browser was a massive undertaking. There were also mixed feelings because of the group’s attachment to Firefox, an icon of open source development and a hedge against Microsoft’s dominance. “The fear was that people were going to read this as sabotaging Firefox,” says Erik Kay, an engineer who joined the team in October 2006. The Googlers were mollified by the fact that their browser would be 100 percent open source: Google’s innovations could potentially find their way into the Mozilla codebase. “We really want to make Firefox successful, as well as other open source browsers,” Upson says. As part of Google’s Firefox effort, Pichai had been meeting with Mozilla head Mitchell Baker, and at some point he told her about Google’s project. Baker now says a Google browser is a mixed bag for Mozilla and Firefox. She sees the effort as a vindication of Mozilla’s belief that browser choice is essential. “If Google comes up with some good new ideas, that’s really great for users,” she says. “Competition spurs the best in us.” But she also understands that many of her users will download Google’s app. “We expect people will try it and come back,” she says. “Mozilla exists because independence is important.”

The Illustrated History: To introduce Chrome and its development team, Google asked noted artist Scott McCloud to create a 32-page comic (available online) that depicts the browser’s two-year gestation and special features.

A less weighty issue was what to dub the product. After considering some ridiculous codenames (Upson says they were so awful that he took the un-Googly step of a top-down veto), the project borrowed its moniker from the term used to describe the frame, toolbars, and menus bordering a browser window: chrome. One more hire was key. Because Chrome was supposed to be optimized to run Web applications, a crucial element would be the JavaScript engine, a “virtual machine” that runs Web application code. The ideal person to construct this was a Danish computer scientist named Lars Bak. In September 2006, after more than 20 years of nonstop labor designing virtual machines, Bak had been planning to take some time off to work on his farm outside rhus. Then Google called. Bak set up a small team that originally worked from the farm, then moved to some offices at the local university. He understood that his mission was to provide a faster engine than in any previous browser. He called his team’s part of the project “V8.” “We decided we wanted to speed up JavaScript by a factor of 10, and we gave ourselves four months to do it,” he says. A typical day for the Denmark team began between 7 and 8 am; they programmed constantly until 6 or 7 at night. The only break was for lunch, when they would wolf down food in five minutes and spend 20 minutes at the game console. “We are pretty damn good at Wii Tennis,” Bak says. They were also pretty good at writing a JavaScript engine. “We just did some benchmark runs today,” Bak says a couple of weeks before the launch. Indeed, V8 processes JavaScript 10 times faster than Firefox or Safari. And how does it compare in those same benchmarks to the market-share leader, Microsoft’s IE 7? Fifty-six times faster. “We sort of underestimated what we could do,” Bak says. Speed may be Chrome’s most significant advance. When you improve things by an order of magnitude, you haven’t made something better you’ve made something new. “As soon as developers get the taste for this kind of speed, they’ll start doing more amazing new Web applications and be more creative in doing them,” Bak says. Google hopes to kick-start a new generation of Web-based applications that will truly make Microsoft’s worst nightmare a reality: The browser will become the equivalent of an operating system. Google also brought in reinforcements to implement the multiprocess architecture that allowed each open tab to run like a separate, self-contained program. In May 2007, it acquired GreenBorder Technologies, a software security firm whose technology was designed to isolate IE and Firefox activities into virtual sessions, or “sandboxes,” where malware intrusions couldn’t mess with other activities or data on your computer. When the deal was announced publicly, tech pundits wondered whether it meant that Google was going into the antivirus business. Only after the acquisition did GreenBorder’s engineers learn that their job was to construct sandboxes for the tabs of a new browser. “It was confusing,” says Carlos Pizano, one of the GreenBorder hires. “They would not say what they wanted to sandbox.” The team was growing, but the process never got bogged down in bureaucracy. In the project’s early stages, Chromers would all have lunch together at a table in one of the Google cafs. Soon even the largest table couldn’t accommodate them all. Working in an open source spirit, every engineer was free to check out any piece of code and tweak or improve it. Rakowski always tried to keep things light, one day awarding tins of chrome polish to the best bug catchers. As the plumbing aspects of the product fell into place, activity focused on user interface. From the beginning, the Chrome team hoped that its visual presentation would be so understated that people wouldn’t even think they were using a browser. The mantra became “Content, not chrome,” which is sort of weird given the name of the browser. (“We’ve learned to live with the irony,” Mark Larson says.) The clearest expression of this comes when you drag a tab containing a Web application like Gmail to its own separate window and specify that you want an “app shortcut.” At that point, the tabs, buttons, and address bars fall away and the Web app looks pretty much like a desktop app. Welcome to the cloud era.

Any tab in Chrome can be dragged out to start a new window.

When deciding what buttons and features to include, the team began with the mental exercise of eliminating everything, then figuring out what to restore. The back button? No-brainer. The forward button? Less essential, but it survived. But if you’re a big fan of the browser status bar that meter that tells you what percent of a page has loaded you’re out of luck with Chrome. And then there was the bookmarks bar. At first, engineers thought they could kill it. Chrome introduces several new navigation methods, including one where the browser figures out where you want to go next with no typing required. And when you do type something in, you use the “omnibox,” a combination of address bar and search box: Just tell it what you’re thinking and it delivers a Web address, search results, or popular destinations that fit your query, all in non-intrusive text underneath the box. It’s a bulked-up version of “I’m Feeling Lucky.” Still, user tests showed that some people just love to navigate by clicking on the bookmark bar. The compromise: If the user has previously configured the bar in IE or Firefox, Chrome will import the setup. Otherwise, users won’t have a bookmark bar unless they choose to. It’s incredible that something as potentially game-changing as a Google browser has stayed under wraps for two years. It wasn’t until mid-2007, about a year into the project, that the team let employees outside the group even see what they were doing. At the first of a series of Tech Talks featuring the current prototype (events designed, in part, as a way of recruiting internally for the ever-growing team) the reaction was volcanic. Googlers broke into spontaneous applause when various features, like dragging a tab into a new window, were demo’d. As the number of people who knew about Chrome increased, the inevitable occurred word did leak out to a blog or two, yet nothing came of those stray items. No reporter put it all together. “I think it was because rumors about Google browsers have been around so long it’s like sightings of Bigfoot or the Loch Ness Monster,” Upson says. On the eve of the launch, Pichai shares some of his ambitions for Chrome. How many people will use it? “Many millions,” he says. “I want my mom to use it. I want my dad to use it.” The Google imprimatur doesn’t assure success, but Pichai believes that even if Chrome doesn’t snare huge market share, its innovations will improve the landscape. “We benefit directly if the Web gets better,” he says. As launch approaches, the team has just moved into new space in a freshly renovated building on the Google campus, and there’s another all-hands gathering in the biggest conference room available. It’s standing room only. Milk and cookies are provided. After some initial business, Rakowski hands the floor over to Goodger. The rumpled engineer talks about the benefits of making Chrome an open source product the code will be publicly released and a community will emerge to determine the browser’s evolution. “We’ll be able to scale our testing efforts,” he says. “It’ll enable people to do things we haven’t thought of. And it’ll generate trust that we’re not doing something evil.” As the meeting breaks up, the energy level is over the top, and not just because of the sugar rush. The Chrome team is close to unleashing the product that Google was destined to create. First, though, there are five bugs to swat. Senior writer Steven Levy ([email protected]) also writes about Jay Walker’s in the October issue of Wired.

Infographic: Chrome Enters the Battleground of Browser Development

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