#patch testing

[chasing-dreams-since-1995]

Counting down the final hours left until I can take off all the excessive tape and patches off my back. I can literally feel parts of my back burning and itchy. It’s been a unpleasant experience but at least it’s almost over. I’ll be able to take them off tomorrow night.

[frontierallergy]

Unveiling the Enigma of Alpha-Gal: Unanticipated Allergies When Ticks Transform Meat into a Health Risk

In a culinary landscape where new flavors and dishes often bring joy, imagine savoring a delectable steak or burger only to face an unexpected allergic reaction, turning the simple act of consuming meat into a potential health concern. This perplexing phenomenon is none other than the Alpha-Gal tick meat allergy, a genuine mystery that has captivated scientists and garnered attention from the medical community in recent times. Join us as we delve into the captivating realm of Alpha-Gal and unravel the intricate connections between ticks, meat, and the human immune system.

Understanding the Alpha-Gal Relationship

Alpha-Gal, short for "alpha-galactose," is a carbohydrate molecule naturally found in the organs of many non-primate animals. Remarkably absent in humans and other primates, it becomes an alien substance triggering immune responses under specific circumstances, such as tick bites. Research indicates that individuals bitten by ticks are more likely to develop red meat allergies, suggesting a correlation between tick exposure and altered immune reactions to alpha-gal.

The link between Alpha-Gal and ticks was established in the early 2000s in regions like the southeastern United States and parts of Europe, where ticks like the Lone Star ticks are prevalent. When these ticks bite humans, alpha-gal molecules enter the bloodstream, prompting the immune system to produce antibodies against them.

Mechanism of Allergic Reaction

The Alpha-Gal allergy unfolds in a series of steps:

Tick Bite: Alpha-Gal-carrying ticks acquire alpha-gal molecules from the blood of the animals they feed on, incorporating them into their saliva. When these ticks bite humans, the saliva containing alpha-gal is introduced into the bloodstream.

Immune Response: The immune system recognizes alpha-gal as foreign and generates antibodies, specifically Immunoglobulin E (IgE).

Delayed Reaction: Unlike immediate allergic reactions, Alpha-Gal allergies take time to develop. Symptoms typically surface 3 to 6 hours after consuming red meat, complicating the identification of the trigger.

Diagnosis and Symptoms

Diagnosing Alpha-Gal allergies poses challenges due to delayed symptoms and the need for specialized blood tests. Symptoms may include hives, itching, swelling, gastrointestinal discomfort, and in severe cases, anaphylaxis. Timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial given the potential seriousness of reactions associated with this allergy.

Managing Alpha-Gal Allergies

Living with an Alpha-Gal allergy requires careful lifestyle adjustments:

Elimination of Trigger Foods: Avoiding foods containing alpha-galactose, such as red meat and gelatin-containing products, is essential.

Tick Control: Minimize tick exposure through protective clothing, tick repellents, and avoiding tick habitats.

Educating Healthcare Professionals: Raise awareness among healthcare professionals about the unique features and testing requirements for Alpha-Gal allergies.

Emergency Planning: Individuals prone to severe allergic reactions should carry an EpiPen and know how to use it in case of emergencies.

Future Research Directions

Ongoing scientific research aims to enhance our understanding of Alpha-Gal allergies, exploring new diagnostic procedures, desensitization medications, and strategies to reduce tick populations.In conclusion, the investigation into Alpha-Gal allergies uncovers a fascinating connection between ticks, meat, and allergic reactions. If you suspect Alpha-Gal-related allergic symptoms, do not hesitate to reach out. Your well-being is our priority, and we are here to assist you.

[reignsupreme-inyourdreams]

Undergoing patch testing this week, it’s been an hour and a half since everything was applied and I already have an itch starting 😭

[newcastleskinmedical]

Why Patch Testing Is Important Why Patch Testing Is Important

When patch testing isn’t done properly, it can put systems at risk and cause serious problems. This is why it’s important to test patches in a virtual environment before rolling them out in production.

Avoid scratching the patches on your back, as this can irritate the skin and dislodge the patches. You should also take care not to shower or sweat, as this may affect the results.

At-Home Patch Testing

While at-home patch testing tests may help to pinpoint which ingredients you're allergic or sensitive to, it's important to remember that they won't differentiate between an allergy and irritation. "If you're reacting to a product and your skin turns red, itchy or flaky, an at-home patch test might just tell you that you are sensitive to an ingredient," says dermatologist Marisa Garshick.

During a professional patch test, which typically takes place in a dermatologist's office, a series of plastic or aluminum square chambers filled with suspected allergens are taped to your upper back for 48 hours. You must avoid bathing, swimming or any activities that will cause sweating during this time.

The test is designed to expose your skin to a range of substances, including nickel sulfate and potassium dichromate, in order to measure your reaction. A negative result indicates that your skin does not have an allergy to any of the chemicals tested. A positive result means that the product or chemical causing your allergy was found. Retesting with additional chemicals is sometimes necessary.

In-Office Patch Testing

The good news is that a dermatologist can help you figure out your allergy triggers in-office. During this type of patch test, we will apply a series of tape strips to your back that have various allergens embedded in them. You will need to wear the patches for 48 hours, and you can’t get them wet (this includes showering or bathing). We’ll mark your skin with ink where the patches are placed so we can make sure they are where they should be.

The standard patch test includes 35 different allergens incorporated into hydrophilic gels. We may add additional allergens if you have an extensive work history or are suspicious of certain allergies. The test can also determine whether your rash is caused by an irritant or an allergic reaction.

We can also use patch testing to identify specific allergens for those whose rashes are work-related, such as those who are allergic to metals, latex or adhesives used in their profession. We’ll provide education on how to avoid these allergens and recommend alternative products for you to try.

Symptoms

When a person is allergic to something, it can cause a skin reaction. This is called contact dermatitis and can look like red, itchy, bumpy skin. The rash usually clears up when the offending substance is removed from the skin.

Skin tests can help determine which allergens are responsible for symptoms. These may include chemicals, fragrances and metals. Patients should bring a list of products they use at home and work along with safety data sheets to show their provider. Drug allergies, such as to penicillin or some older immunosuppressive drugs, are not easily tested with skin testing but can be diagnosed using other methods.

During a patch test, patches are applied to the patient's back. They remain occluding for 48 hours, and the dermatologist reads the results at day 5. Patients must avoid showers, soaking the area or sun exposure while the tests are in place. They should also not take oral antihistamines or steroids, which can interfere with the results.

Results

patch testing allergies identifies the substances or allergens responsible for your contact dermatitis. These substances may include plants; metals, such as nickel in jewelry or buckles; rubber and plastics; cleaning chemicals; fragrances; cosmetics; preservatives; and more. Your doctor will select the allergen series most appropriate for your history and circumstances.

A positive result indicates you are sensitized to a particular allergen and that it is causing your rash. The results vary from a small skin rash with a little swelling to red bumps and blisters. Obtaining accurate test results requires training and experience in applying the tests, reading them correctly and considering relevance.

Medications, such as antihistamines and heartburn medicines, can interfere with the results of the test. If you have to take medication, be sure to tell your doctor ahead of time so it can be adjusted if necessary. You should also avoid wetting the area where the patches are placed. Scratching the skin can irritate it and dislodge the patch, resulting in an inaccurate reading.

[donutfloats]

What were Narinder and the Lamb’s reactions to finding out they’re having kids?

It was definitely… unexpected

The lamb had been under the weather for some time, so begrudgingly visited Kallamar at the medical tent by Narinder’s demand.

At first it was a joke by Kallamar that the Lamb do a pregnancy test after they came back clean as a whistle, but this did spark the idea in the Lamb’s head of “what if?”

So two or so days later, they got their answer

Don’t worry Kallamar was fine

[alicelufenia]

WE DID IT GAMERS

EDIT: Since this post has been getting a LOT of attention, please see my other post about how to successfully knock her out (it's trickier than you may think)

EDIT2: With Patch 6, Larian has made it so you basically just have to literally knock Minthara out (no need to mess with that "Temporarily Hostile" bit), so I'll use this space to link to any and all tests I've done to confirm this.

EDIT III: As of hotfix 21, the game will no longer forget you defeated Minthara if you long rested after knocking her out but before defeating the other goblin leaders. Feel free to rest up before taking on Dro Ragzlin now!

Test 1: KO at the Grove Battle

Test 2: KO after initiating combat through dialogue

[dognonsense]

New series of patches I made with linocut that I'm selling to people at punk shows. Heading to a backyard punk show rnow and to another show with my friends band. Hyped :3!

[wantonlywindswept]

Definitely True Facts About Commander Vertex #3

He has negative Force bacteria.

[forgotten Fox AU tag]

"Midichlorians," Patches said, for the third time, his head in his hands. "They're called midichlorians."

"Tiny little buggers that live in your body," Jek scoffed. "I might have barely scraped by my biology modules, but that sounds like bacteria to me."

Patches whimpered.

Jek grinned and reached over to pat his babiest of brothers on the head. Their youngest medic really was too easy to rile up. 

Still, at least Patches was capable of taking a break on occasion, even if it was just to sit at Jek's bedside in the medbay while he recovered from a round of Force cleansing. He always felt a little like the mess hall slop after every session, squishy and mostly-liquid, though the effects had been lessening as the treatments went on. 

Turned out that working in close proximity to an evil Sith overlord for an extended period of time could be 'damaging' and 'harmful to the spirit', and as soon as the Jedi got the okay from Marshal Commander Thorn they'd instituted regular healing sessions for the Guard. Some of them weren't overly affected--the ARF division hadn't been allowed in the Senate Dome that often anyway, and the medics rarely left the infirmary, much less Guard HQ--but the majority of them were on rotating schedules to get their minds checked for Sith residue or whatever.

It was even worse for the Force-sensitives.

No one was more surprised to find Force-sensitive clones than the clones themselves, and a frankly unsettling percentage of the Guard tested for above-average midichlorian counts. That was just those who agreed to submit to the assessment, too--a lot of the Guard refused to do even that. It wasn't like they could be Jedi, and with the war over, what did it even matter?

(Except it did matter, a lot, because apparently evil Sith overlords could also drain the life force from sentients around them, and particularly enjoyed ones with the Force. Palpatine got a little tasty burst of power like they were some kind of energy snack, and it wasn't like the Guard weren't already exhausted anyway.

That kind of siphoning left even worse traces of Sith influence; Jek's cleansing sessions made his bones feel like wobbly gelatin, but Glitch's sessions hurt.)

"I bet Defib's m-count is the highest in the Guard," Jek mused absently as he watched their CMO stalk around the medbay between the beds--and the Jedi--with a scowl on his face. 

Patches lifted his head to give Jek a horrified look.

"Don't say that where he can hear you."

Jek, who lacked both bones and a sense of self-preservation, merely shrugged. Defib had refused testing, scoffing that he didn't need the Force to heal, but he wasn't named after a defibrillator for nothing: he'd brought more than one brother back from the brink of death against impossible odds.

Jek had his suspicions about Patches, too. 

Even with Defib hovering suspiciously over their shoulders, the Jedi healers--there were four of them, led by Master Rig Nema--moved around the medbay with an almost unearthly poise. Jek was more familiar with ordered chaos in the infirmary: medics shouting across the room to each other, rushing back and forth to see how far their meager supplies could stretch. The Jedi were quiet, coordinating with each other soundlessly while still seeming to be aware of everything else happening in the room.

The mesmerizing little dance wasn't even interrupted by the main doors opening, which drew Jek's attention to Commander Vertex stepping into the medbay. The commander had his bucket tucked under one arm, and sharp eyes surveyed the room in a quick glance.

Patches waved at Vertex, because he was adorable. 

Vertex waved back, because he was a sap.

Defib immediately veered off his self-appointed task of looming to intercept Vertex before he got too far into the room. They ducked their heads together in a brief conversation with far too much angry gesticulating on Defib's part, and the calm competency Jek had come to expect on Vertex's. Jek watched, fascinated, as Vertex managed to settle the fuming medic with just a few words and a gentle touch to his shoulder. 

Defib made a bitchy face, but he did seem to lose some of his protective bristling; at Vertex's nudge he sidled over to his desk in the corner of the medbay, dropping into his chair to finally take a break and...to angrily chew on a ration bar?

Incredible.

The Jedi, meanwhile, had continued on with their Force nonsense, which lasted up until Vertex tapped one of the healers on the shoulder and their serenity shattered with a resounding squawk.

The poor Rodian who made the noise spun around, flailing wildly, and would have fallen back onto one of the beds if Vertex hadn't grabbed her to keep her upright. The other three Jedi's heads snapped up in eerie synchronicity, startled expressions on their faces, and Master Nema took a jolting step forward before seeming to register what had happened.

In the frozen stillness that followed, Defib's sullen crunching took on a distinctive note of glee.

"Apologies," Vertex said. "I didn't mean to startle you."

"When did you even..." 

"How can we be of assistance, Commander Vertex?" Master Nema asked, stepping away from her patient to take the place of the still-baffled apprentice healer. Both she and Vertex smoothly ignored the disbelief radiating off the other Jedi, who were looking at Vertex like they didn't know how he had appeared. 

Jek wondered that sometimes, too, but it didn't bother him.

"Hey," he said, nudging Patches with his elbow as the two bigwigs conversed, "What do you bet that Commander Vertex has negative Force bacteria?"

Patches stared at Jek like he'd kicked a baby massiff, and then slowly sunk lower in his chair with a low, despairing whine.

So easy.

[aspiringwarriorlibrarian]

Salem: How dare you recruit children to fight your war?

Ozpin: Excuse me, how old was Cinder when you told her she'd only be free if she did exactly what you told her?

[theborzoiarebackintown]

Holter timmmeeee ✌🏻please join me in low levels of constant anxiety for 3-6 days until her and Charlie are done and results are back

[phantomrose96]

Was scrolling through my drafts. Found a draft from early December which is about two Love the Color of the Sky's worth of absolute blank nothing, followed by one line of "|SDxz88888888887u"

I have no recollection of this post, and must simply conclude Patches drafted it by sitting her butt on my keyboard. And--this part is absolutely critical--she did everyone the immense courtesy of not posting these very important thoughts.

[triglycercule]

in a just kidding kinda mood. canon nightmare is so serious and then i made her. she's a total dweeb she thinks that she's allat just because she ate a black (rotten) apple once and it was so bad she thinks she she's a goopy monster. that's not actually how she got to this (she got bullied in elementary school and wants to express her true self now in high school) but the black apple was involved (she ate a rotten apple and it was so bad she remembered her embarrassing elementary school fantasy and realized she liked it).

she's totally goth but she doesn't realize it (and i CANNOT be bothered to draw a goth esque outfit combined with the jk uniform). the book club is her headquarters and whoever joins the club becomes part of her gang (friends! because she's terrible at socializing and this is a way of being more outgoing) and then they have to do usual stuff goons do like helping nightmare study for tests (so she can further her insatiable quest for knowledge) and going to the mall with her (carrying her bags obviously. a queen cant be seen with shopping bags.) her goons MUST call her lady night or else she'll get upset. god jk!nightmare you're such a goddamn loser how many more dumb ideas can i come with for you

comments from..... oeople??? here's dream. they're on good terms because i hate dreamtale angst and i want them to be happy and healthy siblings. nightmare also uses her gang to moniter dream and make sure she's not getting in trouble. but then she also gets to play villian with dream where dream is the damsel in distress. or the hero. depends!

"well, one day nighty just came downstairs for breakfast dressed like... that. she spoke in a different way and acted different and especially looked different. needless to say, the family and i were confused."

"but, after she explained it, it actually made a surprising amount of sense despite the... change. nighty used to get bullied back in our old elementary school, and she claims that now that we're in high school, she wants to "embrace the true self that's been whispering pleas of freedom". er... whatever that means."

"of course i support it, she's my sister and all! i'd even say this persona of nightmare's is much funnier to interact with, and she's even made some friends thanks to her new self of the sort. honestly, as her sister? i couldn't be more happy to see nightmare thriving compared to before."

"but my only concern... is her makeup safe for long-term use?"

all of the mtt (most of the school actually) did NOT fall for the little act nightmare's putting up. even killer. no matter how brainrotted she is from the internet even she wouldn't fall for that. nightmare invited them to the gang (club) and both killer and dust were on board to join. because killer found her funny and dust likes books. and then horror was dragged along because of course she was. live laugh love jk!mtt

"nightmare?? oh, you mean lady night! yeah, i know her. pretty well, in fact~ she's appointed me as her right hand woman, which means i get to do all sorts of cool things, like coming up with literature recommendations and organizing when the gang meets up! she's pretty cool, y'know? i just gotta make sure to stop laughing whenever she calls me a "goon", hehe..."

"nightmare's nice. she likes reading, i like reading, so obviously i had to join the gang. she likes more fantasy style stuff, but i prefer sci-fi. not that big of a deal though, considering we read a variety of books in the clu- i mean, her "gang". sorry. don't tell her i said that, or else i'll be sent on a "mission" to "battle her homework" or whatever."

"oh, "lady night", "queen of negativity"... she's hilarious. it's so funny seeing her act like she has magical powers and all the yada yada about "the black apple" and "multiversal conquering". i mean, not many people in the school really believe her little schtick she's got going on, but most humor her. 'sides, she's a genuinely good person under all that makeup and acting anyways, so i like her. all i wanna know is, why does she keep her shoelaces untied?"

this idea is SO DUMB IM DYING. feared multiversal terror turned into a high school girl with the worlds most EMBARRASSING delusion. what universe are we in (the jk!universe dummy!). anyways dream design in the works (i already have the design done just need to color it!) and then quite possibly more aus will be jk-fied. ink may possibly be the first sans to NOT wear a skirt. who know,,,,s,,,,,,

[frontierallergy]

Exploring Oak Allergy: A Comprehensive Guide

Are you curious about the impact of oak pollen on vision-related issues and the broader spectrum of oak allergy symptoms beyond just pollen? Are you interested in understanding pollen food allergy syndrome and the most effective treatment options available? These are common questions encountered by our allergy and asthma specialists. Let's delve into these concerns and address them comprehensively.

The Golden Hues of Oak

While oak trees contribute to the lush greenery of Texas, they can make life challenging for some individuals during the spring allergy season. With over 450 varieties of oak trees and shrubs, these pollen-producing trees are not limited to rural areas; they can be found in urban settings as well. The extensive pollen shed by these trees, carried across vast distances by the wind, makes it nearly impossible to evade these airborne allergens.

Have you ever noticed the yellow dust settling on your car after parking under an oak tree? Within a short span, the sticky yellow residue can accumulate and potentially trigger allergic reactions.

Allergy Season and Recognizable Symptoms

The oak allergy season typically peaks from March to May, with the highest pollen counts observed in March and April. Millions of pollen particles fill the air during this period, wreaking havoc on sinus health. Individuals allergic to oak pollen can mitigate their exposure by monitoring local pollen counts and taking preventive measures.

Commonly reported oak allergy symptoms include sneezing, coughing, runny nose, red or itchy eyes, throat or nasal itchiness, fatigue, and dark circles under the eyes. Ignoring initial symptoms may lead to more severe reactions.

Understanding Pollen Food Allergy Syndrome

If you experience throat or mouth itchiness after consuming raw vegetables or fresh fruits during allergy season, you may be dealing with Pollen Food Allergy Syndrome (PFAS) or Oral Allergy Syndrome (OAS). This syndrome arises because the immune system recognizes proteins in certain fruits and vegetables as similar to oak pollen.

Approximately 25 percent of allergic rhinitis patients also suffer from OAS. To avoid complications, individuals with this syndrome should steer clear of foods that induce mouth itching or tingling, including strawberries, celery, soy, peanuts, carrots, cherries, peaches, hazelnuts, apples, eggs, and chestnuts.

Allergic Conjunctivitis and Vision Problems

Oak pollen can lead to red, itchy, and watery eyes, potentially causing vision problems if left unattended. Allergists recommend antihistamines or allergy eye drops for relief from these symptoms. A thorough examination of your eyes and medical history by an allergist can determine if oak allergy is the underlying cause.

Testing and Diagnosis for Comprehensive Allergy Management

Beyond oak pollen, allergies can be triggered by weed, grass, peanuts, bee stings, pet dander, and mold. Accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment and symptom management. Board-certified allergists, such as Dr. Neha Reshamwala, may recommend tests like skin prick testing, intradermal skin tests, or blood tests to identify specific allergens.

Managing Allergies: Strategies and Treatment Options

Three primary approaches exist for managing allergies:

Exposure Reduction: Avoiding pollen and certain foods known to cause allergies is the first line of defense. Strategies include checking daily pollen counts, keeping doors and windows closed during high pollen periods, going outdoors in the evening, taking a hot shower upon returning home, daily vacuuming, and using dehumidifiers or HEPA filters.

Pharmacological Medications: Allergy medicines and nasal sprays are commonly prescribed to alleviate symptoms.

Allergen Immunotherapy: This involves administering oral drops or shots with small doses of allergens to build resistance over time. Allergy shots can significantly reduce or eliminate symptoms as the immune system develops tolerance to oak pollen.

By adopting these strategies and treatment options, individuals can effectively manage oak allergies, leading to improved overall well-being and reduced allergic reactions over time.

[beegswaz]

holy shit Scuffed atlas art? real???? you cant even See the top of the hat but Once i make a finalised Design itll look Kinda like the ones in the Images :3

[newcastleskinmedical]

Why Patch Testing Is Important

When patch testing isn’t done properly, it can put systems at risk and cause serious problems. This is why it’s important to test patches in a virtual environment before rolling them out in production.

Avoid scratching the patches on your back, as this can irritate the skin and dislodge the patches. You should also take care not to shower or sweat, as this may affect the results.

At-Home Patch Testing

While at-home patch testing tests may help to pinpoint which ingredients you're allergic or sensitive to, it's important to remember that they won't differentiate between an allergy and irritation. "If you're reacting to a product and your skin turns red, itchy or flaky, an at-home patch test might just tell you that you are sensitive to an ingredient," says dermatologist Marisa Garshick.

During a professional patch test, which typically takes place in a dermatologist's office, a series of plastic or aluminum square chambers filled with suspected allergens are taped to your upper back for 48 hours. You must avoid bathing, swimming or any activities that will cause sweating during this time.

The test is designed to expose your skin to a range of substances, including nickel sulfate and potassium dichromate, in order to measure your reaction. A negative result indicates that your skin does not have an allergy to any of the chemicals tested. A positive result means that the product or chemical causing your allergy was found. Retesting with additional chemicals is sometimes necessary.

In-Office Patch Testing

The good news is that a dermatologist can help you figure out your allergy triggers in-office. During this type of patch test, we will apply a series of tape strips to your back that have various allergens embedded in them. You will need to wear the patches for 48 hours, and you can’t get them wet (this includes showering or bathing). We’ll mark your skin with ink where the patches are placed so we can make sure they are where they should be.

The standard patch test includes 35 different allergens incorporated into hydrophilic gels. We may add additional allergens if you have an extensive work history or are suspicious of certain allergies. The test can also determine whether your rash is caused by an irritant or an allergic reaction.

We can also use patch testing to identify specific allergens for those whose rashes are work-related, such as those who are allergic to metals, latex or adhesives used in their profession. We’ll provide education on how to avoid these allergens and recommend alternative products for you to try.

Symptoms

When a person is allergic to something, it can cause a skin reaction. This is called contact dermatitis and can look like red, itchy, bumpy skin. The rash usually clears up when the offending substance is removed from the skin.

Skin tests can help determine which allergens are responsible for symptoms. These may include chemicals, fragrances and metals. Patients should bring a list of products they use at home and work along with safety data sheets to show their provider. Drug allergies, such as to penicillin or some older immunosuppressive drugs, are not easily tested with skin testing but can be diagnosed using other methods.

During a patch test, patches are applied to the patient's back. They remain occluding for 48 hours, and the dermatologist reads the results at day 5. Patients must avoid showers, soaking the area or sun exposure while the tests are in place. They should also not take oral antihistamines or steroids, which can interfere with the results.

Results

patch testing allergies identifies the substances or allergens responsible for your contact dermatitis. These substances may include plants; metals, such as nickel in jewelry or buckles; rubber and plastics; cleaning chemicals; fragrances; cosmetics; preservatives; and more. Your doctor will select the allergen series most appropriate for your history and circumstances.

A positive result indicates you are sensitized to a particular allergen and that it is causing your rash. The results vary from a small skin rash with a little swelling to red bumps and blisters. Obtaining accurate test results requires training and experience in applying the tests, reading them correctly and considering relevance.

Medications, such as antihistamines and heartburn medicines, can interfere with the results of the test. If you have to take medication, be sure to tell your doctor ahead of time so it can be adjusted if necessary. You should also avoid wetting the area where the patches are placed. Scratching the skin can irritate it and dislodge the patch, resulting in an inaccurate reading.

[rickybaby]

Daniel | Day 1 Testing | Bahrain Int Circuit (photo by Rudy Carezzevoli)