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uae-artify · 1 year ago
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Better Cloud-based UAE HR Software for Competitive Company Operations
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In today’s business environment and landscape, the concept of delivering cloud-based software solutions matters a lot. You may opt for the incorporation of UAE HR software to deal with the strategic cloud application for businesses exhibiting HRMS models. No HR software solution is complete if you miss out on the cloud solution considerations in the business model that manages the same.
Merits of UAE HR Software Showcasing Cloud Management
The below points let you learn about the cloud-based HR applications that are relevant to the organizational merits. 
RobustnessThe feature of robustness is an active and attractive function that helps build the service activities of HR personnel in an organization. Machine-based support is the best to achieve this, and it is where the objectives of a UAE HR software company matter.
ComplianceThe feature of compliance management and regulatory functioning is an awesome metric to boost the employer's positioning in the marketplace. Combine those with an error-free model, and you can experience the might of a perfect system.
AutomationImagine an HR and payroll software UAE system to execute automation features for different organizations. Focus on the module within the system that specifically addresses your workflow to deal with the goodness of HR services.
AnalyticsAn analytics-based model is significant for revealing the core HR functionalities that will transform your organization with ease. You may choose the best HR software UAE to create value for these specific functions that align with your specialized business model and vision.
PerformanceAre you struggling to implement an HR solution or service that effectively helps you manage the operations domain consistently? HRMS solutions offer the potential prospects to improvise on the same. An optimum example model in this category is the best payroll software UAE to deal with excellent operations performance.
AuthorityThe authority level and management functions of maintaining appropriate HR service suites are primarily helpful for all industry types and organization sizes. Suppose you have the best HR software UAE services at your disposal. Ensure its authentic usage to deal with proper HR management for all business segments.
ServiceAnother crucial factor is the regulation of service models using HR software UAE. It helps you stabilize all the business segments and operations units that correspond to various service prospects of the HR domain within the organization.
BrandingBusiness branding and the company’s market positioning are core HR features that add value to an organization or company. With the sufficient support of UAE best HR software, you may easily employ organizational objectives to manage the HRMS solutions using cloud features.
SecuritySafety, security, privacy, and confidentiality are strictly maintained in an HR model that covers the ideal operations techniques for UAE-based organizations. Whether it be the regular payroll software UAE or superlative sectors under the HR and payroll software UAE section, it is easy to develop and boost HR operations processes with ease.
OptimizationOptimum handling of core HR resources is an essential aspect of dealing with operations processes in organizations. An exciting prospect for a UAE HR software company is the execution of optimization techniques using different methods and defined HR strategies.
The value of UAE HR software is not just limited to basic cloud service management solutions. You can opt for other various models like SaaS versions or onsite service platforms. The idea here is to have a thorough understanding of the application version in question to deliver the best from an entity like a UAE HR software company.
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healthcareplatform · 1 year ago
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devilesqueu · 2 years ago
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10 de Nov
Ayerr fui al Covadonga después de ir al gimnasio. Estoy contento con mi progreso en el gimnasio, siento que estoy haciendo las cosas bien con mi cuerpo, comiendo bien, poco, moderándomela, tomando agua, y siento que estoy usando la grasa de mi cuerpo como energía que me esta permitiendo ver resultados rápidos en mi cuerpo. la verdad quiero que sea mucho mas intenso la parte de generar músculo y definir forma en mis hombros y pecho y marcar mis abdominales. siento que esta vez lo voy a lograr. En contraste con eso, estoy teniendo mas frecuentemente el sentimiento y los pensamientos de aislamiento y de disciplina sobre mi tiempo. siento que las tentaciones de salir y ver gente son muy fuertes y frecuentemente caigo en el momento de solo seguir con la corriente. Pero realmente me gustaría poder tener amistades significativas. No se como vivir mi yo de mi adolescencia. probablemente no lo pueda lograr nunca mas pero si puedo reinventar mi yo de mis 30s. como ser mas interesante? hay que trabajar la curiosidad y la observación. No siento que sea muy fácil, creo que con los anos me e vuelto mas silencioso. tal vez como un hombre estereotípico. No puedo performancear sassyness creo que solo soy así, calmado, callado, tímido.,,, esta bien la verdad no tengo porque cambiar en todos los aspectos. pero tal vez la cosa que mayormente ayude a desarrollar algo seria leer mucho... creo que necesito leer y ver buenas pelis y pensar y sentir... también ir a la naturaleza, caminar, ver plantas y animales... también hacer cosas creativas constantemente, como dibujar, tomar fotos o inclusive escribir. También esta el aprender cosas. Porque no meterse a un curso? seria bueno algo una vez por semana para variar un poco la rutina y conocer gente con afinidades.
NO se si deba dejar de tomar por completo, tambien entro ese pensamiento en mi mente y creo que podría ser un interesante experiemento. Como me sentiré? cambiara algo ?
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plataformamarea · 6 years ago
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Sin poder decir mucho hoy atravesadas por la experiencia (estalladas💥) les compartimos algo de lo que paso hoy en el contexto de Artec Encuentro de arte y tecnología en IUPA. Gracias eternas a lxs pibxs increíbles que se aventuraron con nosotras y que trabajaron dándolo todo, su confianza es lo más. Gracias a quienes nos invitaron y dieron lugar para la experiencia de Volver a Mirar en Fizque 💚👁 Agotadas y muy felices 🤯🙃💪🏿 @anaoscura @csxlocsxlo @agostinajungepaz @walterdelsur @abril.garay @macarmell @surfer_rosa @carito_andy @milt00n_23 @montoyamigue_ @ve.nnus @moverlaslocas @cin.jara @funfinita @marianacalcumil @pessoamv @liaailiaailia @ande_martel @claudiabrrrrrr @nikrohs @nico707 @anaoscura @marcelojaviervidal @iupa_institucional @laradecuzzi @tuliohjs @martinmatiasvt @ferchugm @marianacalcumil @ni.lo.co @lara.arcm #volveramirar #mareaáreademovimiento #fisquemenuco #patagoniaargentina #patagonia #patagonian #performance #performanceart #performancear #danzacontemporánea #artecontemporáneo #eroticdancers #eroticdance #girlpower #improvisaciongrupal #improvisacion #arteytecnología #artesescénicascontemporáneas #scenicartist #scenicart #contemporaryart #contemporarydance #contemporaryscene #contemporaryscenestudy #estudios #estudio #pensar #disfrute #amor #erotismoyarte https://www.instagram.com/p/Bw3Dm1Mgwfx/?utm_source=ig_tumblr_share&igshid=pabi70f4oj8
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tape-art · 8 years ago
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Tiefgehende Tape Spuren von Ramsauers Kunst & Gesellschaft
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Die ‘visuelle Übersetzerin’ Birgit Ramsauer versteht sich als Performancekünstlerin. Nicht nur den eigenen Körper und die eigene Persönlichkeit in unterschiedliche gesellschaftliche Zusammenhänge stellend, sondern auch bewusst sichtbare Spuren hinterlassend. In der Tradition der amerikanischen und deutschen Performance Art, greift sie fremde Kontexte ein und markiere die zufälligen Markierungen, die andere Menschen unbewusst hinterlassen.
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 Birgit Ramsauer * 1962 Nürnberg
Wo lebst Du jetzt? Berlin, New York “In meinen Performances agiere ich als Moderatorin von alltäglichen, eher unscheinbaren menschlichen Handlungen, die sich überall auf der Welt abspielen können. Dabei betreibe ich mit den „Spurensicherungen“ auf mehreren Ebenen eine Art kulturspezifische Analyse, denn dem eigentlichen Akt der Performance geht immer eine ausführliche Studie der Räume und Gesellschaft voraus.
Das achtlose Fallenlassen eines Einwickelpapiers auf der Straße ist für mich bereits - unbewusste  - Performance (ART : HOME – LESS Projekt New York, Marseille, Moskau, Berlin). Diese Spur markiere ich und halte sie gleich einer Archäologin fest als vergangenen Gestus. Gleichzeitig rekonstruiere ich ihre innere psychosoziale Struktur, die in diesem Falle aus einer der Umwelt und anderen Menschen gegenüber achtlosen Verhaltensform besteht.
In der Performance Walk the Wall markiere ich temporär mit losen weißen Steinen den Berliner Mauerverlauf und weise mit einem Achtungsschild darauf hin, dass es sich um die Arbeit eines Künstlers handelt. Wichtig ist nicht die Rekonstruktion der Mauer als historisches Monument, sondern die Sichtbarmachung einer politisch motivierten Aktion, die mit Überschreiten und mit Begrenzen, kurz mit einer Einsperrung zu tun hat. Die Mauer fungierte in skulpturaler Hinsicht wie das weggeworfene Papier. Sie war zwar ein bewusst vollzogenes martialisches Bauwerk, sie ist aber auch ein Zeichen, das durch die künstlerische Reflektion wesentlich mehr verdeutlichte als in der historischen Beschreibung (Joseph Beuys ‚ ’ ... (ich) empfehle die Erhöhung der Berliner Mauer um 5cm aus ästhetischen Gründen’ ). Videos Interview Rezensionen
Wann hast Du mit tape art /Kunst angefangen? Ich habe mit Klebekunst in meinem ART : HOME – LESS Projekt, 1998 in New York angefangen. 1. Ich habe in New York in einem städtischen Programm Kurse für Obdachlose zu deren Reintegration mit Hilfe von Kunst gegeben. Dabei habe ich festgestellt, daß die Raumbesetzung der Obdachlosen für ihr Überleben im öffentlichen Raum (Schlafen, Betteln, Lagern) mit gefundenen Gegenständen eine ungemein kreative Methode des Umgangs mit diesen Fundgegenständen und dem Raum ist. Und sie arbeiten u.a. mit Klebeband. 2. Die Markierung der Filmleute in New York zur kurzzeitigen schnellen Nutzung von öffentlichem Territorium ist fluoreszierendes Gaffersklebeband. Diese beiden Bereiche in New York City haben mich seit 1998 sehr inspiriert. 3. Mein erstes großes und sehr bekannt gewordenes Kunstprojekt mit Klebeband in meinem Werk habe ich im Rahmen meines DAAD Stipendiums verwirklicht: das ART : HOME – LESS Projekt (NYC, Moskau, Marseille, Berlin). Dabei hat die farbliche „Lautheit“ der Metropole in meinem ART: HOME – LESS Projekt die Farbe des jeweiligen Klebebands in der entsprechenden Metropole vorgegeben. • NYC : rotes fluoreszierendes Klebeband, die Stadt ist sehr lebendig und laut in ihren Farben • Moskau: gelbes fluoreszierendes Klebeband, die Stadt war 1998 noch ohne Reklame etc und die Lichtquellen waren in einem gelblichen Ton. • Marseille (das New York Frankreichs): pinkes fluoreszierendes Klebeband. Die Stadt ist schräg und schick und sehr südlich klar in ihrem Licht. • Berlin: grünes fluoreszierendes Klebeband. Die Stadt ist die grünstes Metropole der Welt. Damals 1999 sollte noch der Mauerstreifen als Grünstreifen und Fahrradweg erhalten werden.
Warum tape art? 1. Das Klebeband ist eine schnelle und exakte Linie. Akuratesse überzeugt im Chaos, der Vielfalt des öffentlichen Raums als etwas Gewolltes und Definiertes. Als etwas, das gut verarbeitet, nicht zufällig wirkt. Und damit nicht gleich wieder zerstört wird. Und damit auch im Gedächtnis bleibt. Und das auch wieder schnell entfernt werden kann, wenn benötigt. 2. Klebeband hat für die Guerillakunst im öffentlichen Raum spezielle Fähigkeiten: - es läßt sich ohne Rückstände wieder entfernen - keine Zerstörung zu machen - schnell zu sein - exakt zu arbeiten - Material zu haben, das sich der Oberfläche anpasst (Strukturen zu betonen und sichtbar zu machen) und- - gut haftet (Gaffer). Meine Fortentwicklung: Inzwischen mache ich performativ interaktive Klebekunst in Kunsträumen, in Privaträumen, an Wänden….
Wer oder was inspiriert Dich?
Wer: John Cage, Lawrence Weiner, Caroleen Schneemann, Allan Kaprow, Enrico Baj, Vito Acconci, Bruce Nauman, Valie Export, Philipp Glass, Alison Knowles, Merce Cunningham, Michel Foucault, J.S. Bach, Schostakowitsch, Marina Abramovic, Picasso, Christoph Wodiczko, Sten Nadolny, Günther Eich,
Was: Kirchenbauten als Gesamtkunstwerk, die Oper als Gesamtkunstwerk, die Arbeit an Bühnenbildern, die Surrealisten, Dada, das Radio
Dein Synonym für Kunst. „Art is life, and life is art„ „Art is mirroring society, - art is a sensor for the future of society the artist is the one to tell truth, because he is outside of normal structure of society.” Was ist Dein Beruf bzw kannst Du von Deiner Kunst leben? Ich kann davon leben, lehre aber auch an Hochschulen
Ein Zitat, welches Dich inspiriert: „Unsere gesamte Kultur basiert ja auf Aristoteles´ Idee der parallelen Realitäten.“ Lawrence Weiner NYC „How can aesthetic practice make existing symbolic structures respond to contemporary events?“ Christoph Wodiczko, NYC „Raum ist das Grundaxiom der heutzutage stattfindenden Bemühungen Theorien und Systeme zum Verständnis der Einbettung gesellschaftlicher Fragen am Schnittpunkt der Raum-Zeit Knotenpunkte zu finden.” Heterotopische Räume, Michel Foucault
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choco--java · 2 years ago
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laceyspencer · 4 years ago
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Economics and Culture-Juniper Publishers
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Introduction
Following the tradition of the marginalist school, abstraction in economics received a big push during the late 19th century led by Stanley Jevons and Auguste Walras. This happened despite Adam Smith’s strong feeling for the significance of culture and Malthus’ deep sense about how culture affects the dynamics of population. David Ricardo was the most instrumental in reducing economics to a culturally free abstraction. Alfred Marshall, at least judged from his early work, was another culprit although his subsequent Industry and Trade shows an increased awareness towards the complex cultural reality behind the abstraction of supply and demand, inserting a strong institutional flavor in the analysis.
This is rather puzzling because the core part of economics is exchange, and the terms that permit the exchange is called the terms of trade, the ratio of the price producers are willing to receive and consumers to pay for the exchange. Indeed, while exchange is a fundamental part of economic behavior, perhaps except for game theory and transaction cost theory, remarkably little attention has been given in the economic literature to analysis of processes of exchange. Thorbecke & Cornelisse [1]. argued that the item exchanged, the actors engaged in the decisions, and the physical, social, technological, and legal environment within which the actors operate in the exchange, matter in understanding the different transactions and outcomes. The combination of those elements, the formation process of the exchange, and the resulting transaction is considered an exchange configuration.
Mainstream economists contend when there is a divergence between the equilibrium price and the actual price at which the exchange takes place, either excess demand or excess supply will be eliminated by price changes. But the actual process of adjustment in the exchange is not satisfactorily explained despite the fact that in reality the whole process captures the satisfaction of those who trade, which is a complex subject to understand but is necessarily an integral part of any set of cultural relations involving things like trust, regret, deception, persuasion, and learning process.
In this paper, I intend to show the deficiency of mainstream economics that overlooks the role of culture and institutions. The latter should be an integral part of economics. Aside from the difficulty to identify the relation and causality between culture, institutions and economic performance, some work has been done in this area although much of it still fell on deaf ears among mainstream economists.
Mainstream and Cultural Economics
Despite their arguments that clearly foreshadow the cultural economics, it is unclear why institutionalists like Thorstein Veblen (in the US) and Max Weber (in Europe) failed to influence the mainstream of economics during the time. Indeed, one of the critical questions in cultural economics is about the extent to which a system of institutions that produce changes in culture will survive or fail precisely because of such changes. Theoretically, it is the institutional system of legitimacy that will survive and dominate, not the dynamics of power and wealth; without legitimacy neither power nor wealth can be preserved.
Perhaps nothing more obvious than in monetary economics where the use of formalistic mechanical models is prerequisite and with almost a complete lack of interest on the cultural aspects within which the institutions of money and banking operate. The models are filled with statistics and causation (often confused with correlation) with little attempt to open the lid to see what the actual processes are. This is irrespective of the fact that one cannot really learn about what is going on in the banking sector unless we treat bankers as human beings and try to understand how they really think. The same applies to players in the capital market.
The departure from partial equilibrium to general equilibrium in economics is another example of a neglect of cultural dimension. While the overall quantities produced and consumed are correctly not taken as the result of individual producers and consumers’ decisions, rather the result of the interactions of such decisions, it is often assumed in the corresponding models that the choices of diverse agents can be represented by the choices of one “representative” utility-maximizing individual whose choices coincide with the aggregate choices. The heterogeneity in behavior and culture is considered irrelevant. This is clearly unjustified and ill-suited for studying problems involving coordination failures such as unemployment, under-utilization, financial instability, etc.
For most mainstream economists, when things get more complex, and interdependence amplifies, new variables, parameters and equations are added, and non-linearity is introduced, expecting that the model’s predictive power will strengthen. Little efforts are made to delve into the changing patterns of behavior as part of the possible mutations in social system where the process of selection may involve increased vulnerabilities, bankruptcies, crisis, or simply a loss of legitimacy.
Even in taxation where the system emerges from the interaction of different governmental subcultures, and where the tax system itself is the result of a long historical process involving changing culture of governments, members of parliament, and the constituents, the efficiency of “one-way transfer” depends not only on the perception of threat (sanctions of the law if failing to pay tax) but also the culture of tax collectors. The mass of individuals paying taxes with a fair degree of fidelity itself is clearly a cultural phenomenon. Yet, most research on tax issues tends to be exclusively financial and economic-based, void of any cultural context.
The picture could be less grim as some fields of economics have come close to cultural economics, although they are more of the business schools’ domain, e.g., marketing, industrial organization, and labor economics where there is a long tradition in the study of collective bargaining, labor unions, culture of the factory, etc. The bad news is, even in these fields mechanistic approaches have encroached the analysis to the point where no collaborative work with sociologists, anthropologists, and psycho-sociologists is considered necessary.
Yet, in the supply-demand theory, for example, when excess supply occurs, producers may alter their preference by staying away from efficiency efforts, and consumers may not follow the standard law of supply-demand as they do not raise consumption despite the downward pressure on the price. In such circumstances, preferences should not be taken only as the determinant of the economic process like in a standard optimization model, instead it should be learned during the process of cultural transformation. Thus, the culture-affected learning process could generate outcome different from a standard solution.
The emphasis on learning is the most crucial difference between mechanistic economics and cultural economics, implying that cultural economics is evolutionary in nature. Learning is part of social evolution that is more complex than biological evolution. It occurs more slowly because people, let alone societies, are not easily willing to change due to their realistic appraisal of the uncertainties arising from such a change, which is a standard problem in economic development.
In contrast, mechanistic economics relies on its predictive power based on the derived parameters (assumed stable) of difference or differential equations, which contradicts with the fact that in any dynamic process, when strain increases the parameters in the system change. More importantly, the implied adjustment may create further strain in the same part or in other parts of the system. If a crisis eventually occurs, the absence of stability (order) with constant parameters may not tell us much about the stability that is absent. Even if no adjustment is taking place, something important about the social system may have been generated by the absence of such adjustment: what does not happen can be more interesting than what does.
Which Causes Which
Like in any relation between two components, the third, fourth and other components may have some roles as intermediate variables. This applies to the link between culture and economic performance as well. Then there is a common problem concerning the direction of causality.
On the first issue, at the outset one needs to define what is culture and what is economic performance. Various narratives for culture have been proposed, from which the following elements are relevant: customary beliefs and values, preferences, long duration of consistency in cultural traits and groups, be it social, ethnic or religious-based. The relevant elements in economic performance are level and growth of output or income, savings, and income distribution. In some cases, the probability of something positive to emerge is also used, such as having a greater number of entrepreneurs.
Intermediate components relevant for identifying the link between culture and economic performance include priorbeliefs, religions, ethnicities, preferences, and trust. Individually they may not have an independent role, but they can function as a coordinating device to make societies play the same “game” to different conditions and focal points.
The importance of prior beliefs cannot be overstated as many decisions-thus the corresponding outcome and performanceare based on such priors (e.g., which technology to use, what measures to mitigate the effects of climate change, how to deal with different economic shocks, what strategy to cope with ageing population). Here culture plays a major role in forming individual beliefs even in the new environment and several generations later. Thus, prior beliefs can be an important channel of culture influence on economic performance. Yet, economists generally do not have much say about priors. They typically assume that individuals have common priors.
Trust is considered an important component arising from priors. Many even believe that it is through the concept of trust that culture enters the economic discourse. Several researches have been done to demonstrate the contribution of the level of trust of a community to economic performance [2-4], although most do not elaborate the mechanism through which measured trust is positively correlated with economic performance. What remains debatable is whether trust is an inherited cultural variable or is developed through the adoption of a proper legal system. Some also argue that trust is the outcome of individuals or societies’ interactions.
The significance of trust in economics is made clearer by Arrow [5]. “Virtually every commercial transaction has within itself an element of trust, certainly any transaction conducted over a period of time.” International trade is an example of area where trust matters a lot. But it was the seminal work of Putnam [6,7] that put trust at the center of the discussion by considering it as a form of social capital capturing the value and relationships of resources where social networks play a central role in the production of public and common good. The constituent elements of social capital, over which people have more control than over culture, are trust, norms, and networks.
In the current era of information technology (IT), priors including trust can be influenced or enhanced by the availability of information (‘big data,’ ‘internet of things’ and all that). Examples of on-line trade and transactions abound where reviews and reputation may alter the beliefs of people or customers. Even in political elections the use of ‘big data’ combined with complex algorithm has been widespread, and it proves effective.
The problems with causality are no less critical than the definitional issue. The first problem is the difficulty to separate culturally based beliefs from rational expectations. Whether trust is culturally driven or rational prior driven by environment with a prevailing degree of trustworthiness is not easy to determine. It is generally the case that the idiosyncratic component of trust tends to increase when societies share the same cultural trait (e.g., religion), and decreases with the genetic distance in terms of ancient cultural aspects. The level of education also matters: the role of inherited cultural aspects in the formation of priors tends to diminish as society gets more educated (reduced dependence of trust on cultural variables).
Even if cultural variables and measures of economic performance are highly correlated, that does not necessarily mean one causes the other. Two events occur simultaneously does not imply causality.
Another serious conundrum is with regards to the direction of causality, or what econometricians label endogeneity problem: “which affects which.” The debate about whether culture affects economics or vice versa has a long history. Some proposed that technology determines the type of social structure and dominant culture. In supporting the argument that steam-mill produces capitalism, Karl Marx [8] held that view. In contrast, Max Weber [9] and Polanyi et al. [10] had the opposite line of thinking. To the extent the cultural aspect like religion is considered important to the establishment of markets as well as in moderating market excesses, they argued that culture-in this case religion--played a critical role in the development of capitalism. Their explanations are powerful, and the examples provided are quite persuasive. Yet, they fell on deaf ears among mainstream economists.
As expected, each camp attempted to get their idea vindicated. Economists of the Chicago school tried hard to endogenize beliefs and preferences [11]. Some went further by showing that religious and social norms are the result of a group-level optimization. Others extended the theory of human capital by emphasizing investment in social skills and social interactions. Those who were more econometrically inclined emphasized the use of proper econometric techniques to identify the direction of causality, among others by employing a set of intermediate variables as the “instrumental variables,” or by looking at historical exogenous shocks in their models. But the existence of complementarities between culture and economic performance often hinders identification.
While differences between the two camps may never been reconciled, active debates on the link between culture and economics continue. Most of the debates put the emphasis on the interaction between culture and institutions.
Role of Institutions
Institutions are meant to facilitate human interaction by providing patterns that will regulate society’s behavior [12-14]. It is the “rules of the game in a society” by promoting certain behaviors and prohibit other behaviors. There are formal institutions (e.g., bank regulation, tax system, accounting rules) and informal institutions (e.g., codes of conduct, habits, traditions, norms). While most analyses focus on the former, the latter can be more important for understanding its role to shape economic performance. Enforcement is another critical component of institutions. Even well-established rules and regulations can be rendered ineffective if enforcement is weak. Two systems with similar institutions may produce different economic performance because of different enforcement.
To the extent formal and informal institutions are shaped by ideas and ideologies, not created in a vacuum, culture enters the equation. Through culture-affected ideas, individuals use their subjective mental constructs to interpret the world around them and make choices. Arguably, institutions determine the extent that ideas and ideologies, hence culture, matters.
Informal institutions come from ‘socially transmitted information’ and are part of the heritage or culture. In the case of formal institutions, they are also linked with the prevailing political system. For example, in federalism markets are fostered through competition for economic organizations at the sub-national level. In other systems, the room for pleasing powerful interest group may be more ample. The resulting economic performance under different systems (hence different institutional arrangements) is likely dissimilar. In this respect, the resulting economic performance can be associated with the efficiency of the outcome.
Contrary to the neo-classical economic theory, negotiations required to reach an efficient outcome are not costless. For example, there are costs for learning (by consumers) about the quality--and eventually the price--of goods to be exchanged. It may take some time before the actual exchange occurs. There can be also a bargaining process as part of negotiations. This also entails costs.
The problem of information asymmetry can make the observed costs deviate from the true costs, making them more difficult to measure. Even if both parties are honest, there is always something with respect to enforcing the agreement that still needs to be specified either implicitly or explicitly. This is also not costless. When a dispute arises and a settlement (requiring lawyers) is needed, the costs can further multiply.
All the above costs are known as the transaction costs, usually high and not always reported (not internalized) especially in many developing countries. In some cases, personalized transactions are still the rule rather than exception. High transactions costs lead to unfavorable economic performance. Since only at zero transaction costs an efficient outcome can prevail [15], attempts to lower transaction costs are preferred, a most common of which is through establishing clear property rights (also often deficient in many developing countries) to facilitate the smooth functioning of markets.
High transaction costs can also be linked to the size of the unproductive informal sector. Small business operations and poor individuals including poor migrants are “forced” to remain small and informal. The transaction costs for entering the formal sector are too high, i.e., getting permits which also requires paying bribery, not to mention time-consuming. Unsecured assets and a lack of formal documents also diminish their incentives to expand, and bank credits are difficult to get under such circumstances. Thus, informality persists. So do inefficiency and low productivity [16].
In a dynamic context, an institutional framework ensuring that technology can be advanced (‘creative destruction’) is also frequently absent in developing countries. Free-entry and free-exit hardly prevail. Firms with a privileged access to those in power survive by patronage through monopoly rights, soft budgets, or special concessions. For them no innovation is needed to survive. More seriously, they resent any policy measures intended to enable innovation to raise productivity when those measures threaten their survival. Power influence enables them to do so and to keep away from potential competitors.
In short, culture-influenced institutions can affect transaction costs, and in turn economic performance in a static and a dynamic sense. The latter works through organizations’ decisions about technology and innovation [17].
It is important to note that one cannot claim the superiority of causality direction between institutions and culture because the two interact and evolve in a complementary way. The relation also involves mutual feedback effects: depending on the type of institutions culture may evolve in differing ways, and different culture may cause institutions to function differently [18,19].
In this context, a more relevant economic performance is productivity. While it is less directly observable compared to standard variables like output and income, productivity involves attributes highly relevant to cultural traits and cultural capital, particularly the social capital.
In The prosperous communities, Putnam (1993) argued that social capital is like “physical capital and human capitaltools and training that enhance individual productivity.” He went on to describe that social capital refers to “features of social organization, such as networks, norms, and trust, that facilitate coordination and cooperation for mutual benefit.” The description is unarguably loaded with important implications [20].
By giving the ‘same status’ like other traditional inputs (capital and labor), social capital contributes to productivity through a production-function setting used extensively by economists. It also highlights the significance of individuals’ “participation” that will form group’s ability to work jointly through “collaborative effort” as capital. Failure to do so will result in a disappointing “productivity performance.” Absent of trustful relation, the system tends to focus on “short-term self-interest” and individual transactions, eliminating the potentials and opportunities for accumulation and “innovation” process like in a standard capital theory. While networks of institutions are important, their presence in no way assures collaboration when “commitment and coordination” is limited. This translates into obstacles for many developing and emerging markets where weak capacity, including the State capacity to from a “coalition building” needed for “institutional upgrading” to support innovation must face a “growing and diverse power of influence among social groups and business communities.”
All the above requisites and conditions (in quotation marks) reflect the institutional quality and social capital, which, through the implied transaction costs will determine the extent to which a country is able to sustain productivity growth to improve society’s welfare [21].
Summary
Culture and economics are closely linked. Yet, economists have long been reluctant to study the interrelation between the two. This is partly because a testable hypothesis with measured data that can be proven or disproven is hard to construct, let alone the difficulty to define the term ‘culture.’ This is unfortunate as it reflects the notion that something cannot be measured does not exist.
Faced with reality of more complex relations and growing interdependence, mainstream economists opt for adding new variables, parameters and equations. When pressed further, they introduce non-linearity in the model. Little efforts are made to delve into the behavior that reflects the outcome of social learning—a central concept of culture--where a set of cultural relations involving learning process as part of social evolution, which is more complex than biological evolution, matters. The emphasis on learning implies that unlike mechanistic economics the cultural economics is evolutionary in nature.
The role of institutions is at the center of the link between culture and economics, particularly on the direction of causality. Institutions and culture interact and evolve in a complementary way, not a one-way causality. Culture-influenced institutions can affect transaction costs, and in turn economic performance. In a dynamic setting, through organizations’ decisions about technology and innovation, a set of requisites reflecting the institutional quality and social capital has an important role to influence productivity growth hence society’s welfare. One of such requisites is individuals’ participation that will form group’s ability to work jointly through collaborative effort. The required trustful relation is in sharp contrast with the short-term selfinterest driven transactions.
Although more and more work has been done to understand better the interrelation between economics and culture, albeit deficient of the mechanism, most fell on deaf ears among mainstream economists. It is mind-boggling how economics can be reduced to a culturally and institutionally free abstraction when abundant evidence indicates real world cases have shown otherwise.
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ocadusitespecific · 5 years ago
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Festival of the Body - Feb. 12 Opening Night - The Round Conversation
Festival of the Body’s Opening Night is February 12. Join us for a performance and Round Conversation with exhibiting student artists, faculty and community members on the themes of environmental justice & materiality; responsibility to others; and responsibility to self. Co-moderated by student Maya Skarzenski-Smith (Faculty of Art) and Sustainability Coordinator Victoria Ho (ODESI).
100 McCaul, Great Hall, Floor 2. Performance 5-6pm Round Conversation 6-8pm
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Anne Bourne, Guest Speaker 
Anne Bourne is a composer, interdisciplinary artist and teacher, based in Canada. Seasoned in international intermedia performance and song recording, Anne creates emergent streams of cello, and voice in contemporary dance, film, electroacoustic and improvised music, with artists such as Eve Egoyan and Mauricio Pauly, Christopher Willes, Silvia Tarozzi, and Felicia Atkinson. Anne imparts the text scores and deep listening® practice of composer Pauline Oliveros (1932-2016) offering an experience of collective creativity, symbiotic listening and place; as faculty at Banff Centre for Art and Creativity, Collective Composition Lab; The Acts of Listening Lab, Concordia, Montreal; and recently for Killowatt at Le Serre dei Giardini Margherita, Bologna, Italy; and as MMM_MM / Ensemble Vide artist in residence in Genève, CH 2020, Anne received a Fleck Fellowship in 2017 and a Chalmers Fellowship in 2019 to research cultural and environmental thresholds. Anne will compose and perform ‘her body as words’ a new work exploring indigeneity and female identity, by choreographer Peggy Baker in March 2020. Anne believes creative expression is an opportunity for subtle evolution, through listening.
Jody Chan, Guest Speaker 
Jody is a writer, drummer, organizer, and therapist-in-training. They believe deeply in the importance of storytelling, care, and joy in movement-building. They work at The Leap, organize with the Disability Justice Network of Ontario, and drum with the Raging Asian Womxn Taiko Drummers.
Dr. Sanja Dejanovic, Guest Speaker
Dr. Sanja Dejanovic is a thinker in motion and in relation with otherness. She engages multiple media and modes of expression to explore sympoiesis; the together making of space, time, and sense by living beings. She did her SSHRC Postdoctoral Fellowship work at Senselab and CISSC at Concordia, Montreal and Bard, NY, and a PhD on sense in Gilles Deleuze’s writings at York University. Interested in Western and Eastern somatic praxis, Sanja has training in sensorimotor psychotherapy and mindfulness. She has organized butoh practice labs in Toronto since 2017 and offers workshops through her somatic learning lab Body Ecologies.  
Sanja is a published author, an editor, and a curator, most notably of the text (Jean-Luc) Nancy and the Political (Edinburgh University Press, 2015). She has curated Becoming-Elemental at Seneselab, Sonic Fabulations, and most recently Line. Bridge. Body. Sanja has performed and shared her work domestically and internationally, including at EPTC, The School of Making Thinking, Somatic Engagement CATR (Canadian Association for Theatre Research), Arts Unfold--Water Residency, and most recently, with Mika Lior, scores for Listening With/In Nonhuman Publics in connection with the Ecology & Performance Working Group at the 2019 American Society for Theatre Research. She is passionate about collaborating with other artists in her community. Sanja is from Skopje, Macedonia.  
Johanna Householder, Guest Speaker
Johanna Householder works at the intersection of popular and unpopular culture in video, performance art, and choreography. Her interest in how ideas move through bodies has led her often collaborative practice and inform her research and writing on the impact that performance and other embodied practices have had in contemporary art and new media.  
She has recently performed at the VIVA! Festival in Montréal, Performancear o Morir (Perform or Die in Norogachi, Mexico. In 2017, she reset her 1978 solo improvisation, 8-Legged Dancing, on dancer Bee Palomina in Residuals, a presentation of her performance works at the Art Gallery of Ontario, curated by Wanda Nanibush.  
Her video collaborations with B.H. Yael and with Frances Leeming We did everything adults would do, what went wrong? have screened in venues internationally.
With Tanya Mars, she has co-edited two anthologies of performance art by Canadian women: Caught in the Act: (2005), and More Caught in the Act (2016). She is a founder of the 7a*11d International Festival of Performance Art which will hold its 13th biennial festival in Toronto in October 2020. She is a Professor in the Faculty of Art and Graduate Studies, and currently Chair of Cross-Disciplinary Art Practices.
Marissa Largo, Guest Speaker 
Marissa Largo is a researcher, artist, curator, and educator whose work focuses on the intersections of race, gender, settler colonialism, and Asian diasporic cultural production. She earned her PhD in Social Justice Education from OISE, University of Toronto (2018). She is a recipient of the 2019 Outstanding Dissertation Award from the Research on the Education of Asian and Pacific Americans (REAPA) special interest group of the American Educational Research Association (AERA). Her book manuscript, Unsettling Imaginaries examines Filipinx artists who adopt decolonial diaspora aesthetics as counternarratives to the dominant stereotypes that persist in Canada. Her art and curatorial projects have been presented in venues and events across Canada, such as the A Space Gallery (2017 & 2012), Open Gallery of OCAD University (2015), Royal Ontario Museum (2015), WorldPride Toronto (2014), and MAI (Montreal, arts interculturels) (2007). Dr. Largo is co-editor of the anthology Diasporic Intimacies: Queer Filipinos and Canadian Imaginaries (Northwestern University Press 2017) and serves as the Canada Area Editor of the Journal of Asian Diasporic Visual Cultures and the Americas. Marissa is the Department Head of Visual Arts and Technology at a self-directed secondary school in Toronto and a sessional instructor at the Ontario College of Art and Design University. 
 Julius Poncelet Manapul, Guest Speaker   
Julius Poncelet Manapul is a migrant Filipinx artist from the Ilocano tribe, with Spanish heritage and Cherokee ancestry; a descendant of Maria Josefa Gabriela Carino de Silang, known as an anti-colonial fighter during the 18th century Spanish rule over the Philippines—the first female leader of a Filipino movement for independence from Spain. This background informs their research and artistic practice, as they excavate the experience of immigration and assimilation through cultural erasure.   
Addressing eternal displacement through themes of colonialism, sexual identity, diasporic bodies, global identity construction, and the Eurocentric Western hegemony, Julius’ artwork focuses on the hybrid nature of Filipinx culture after colonialism and the gaze of queer identities as taxonomy. Their recent research project looks at the narratives for many diasporic queer bodies that create an unattainable imagined space of lost countries and domestic belongings through colonial pedagogy of knowledge and globalized imperial power. Hybrid images question the problematic side of queer communities that uphold homonormativity through whitewashing and internalized racism, and act to challenge forms of oppression.    
Julius was born in 1980 Manila, Philippines and immigrated to Toronto in 1990, attained a BFA from the OCAD University in 2009, A Professional Practice Certificate at Toronto School of Art in 2011, and completed a Masters of Visual Studies and a Sexual Diversity Studies Certificate from the University of Toronto in 2013, and an Apparel Tech in the Fashion Exchange Program at George Brown Collage in 2019. Their work had been presented at the Art Gallery of Ontario, Koffler Gallery, University of Waterloo Gallery, A Space Gallery, PM Gallery, Propeller Gallery, Nuit Blanche in Toronto (2010, 2012 & 2014), and WorldPride Toronto (2014), Julius’ work had been featured on CBC Series “Art is My Country” 2018 and “Art Works” 2017, Julius’ research had been published in Academic Journals titles “Diasporic Intimacies: Queer Filipinos and Canadian Imaginaries” and “Asian Diasporic Visual Cultures and the Americas” Vol 1. They have exhibited works in Canada, UK, France, Germany, and US.  
Anna McMullen, Exhibiting Artist
Anna McMullen is constantly painting over old and new works of hers, never fully satisfied, never able to truly make up her mind about the final form of her art. This process is a reflection of her stream of consciousness; the continuous flow of thoughts, opinions, and emotions running through her mind. And in the context of these specific works, we are speaking about her ambivalence toward the desire to be seen as beautiful and to fit into the mould versus not wanting to conform to oppressive narrow standards of beauty. By painting self-portraits and using pentimento, Anna wants to express her indecisiveness; “Do I want to conform to standards of beauty, or do I want nonconformity?” Just like the final form of her work, she will never know.
Ehiko Odeh, Exhibiting Artist
The principle subject matter explored in Ehiko’s artworks are the tradition Nigerian masks, identity, sexual violence and the representation, perception of Black hair in Nigeria and Canada. Her artistic style is characterized through an expressive pallet, and the use of a variety of textiles. Ehiko also emulates the traditional Nigerian practice of craftsmanship through her multi-medium paintings, performances, drawings and installations. Her use of diverse mediums is a result of a belief that “Nigerian art” cannot be interpreted through just one form, but rather through a range of artistic expression.  
James Okore, Exhibiting Artist  
Throughout James Okore’s life, he’s been questioning the barriers of misunderstanding and misinterpreting others through language. This is especially true for somebody like himself with an “invisible disability.” He’s been trying to acknowledge his own actions and the ways in which he might come off towards others, and to take ownership in that. It’s a struggle at times to decipher language, and to understand whether or not to continue conversing with people, if he’s not able to pick up on subtle verbal/non-verbal cues. He’s always trying his best to understand the nuances of language, and in many cases, he finds himself confused in the process of understanding others. This piece entitled “Barriers of Language Unspoken,” addresses the essence of the BODY through his efforts in conveying an internal battle with himself trying to understand others, externally, which captures these emotions and feelings through a vessel, represented visually through the BODY. 
 Ash Randall-Colalillo, Exhibiting Artist   
Introducing Ash Randall-Colalillo; pronouns are she/her. She is a queer interdisciplinary artist studying within her fourth year of Drawing and Painting. She creates through many varying mediums such as performance, sculpture/installation, video and drawing/painting. She allows her choice of medium to be driven from conceptual thought. Over a couple of years, her practice has developed to focus on the study of self or self-illusion/reflection, the body and the relationships they have with spaces, objects and moments. The witnessing bodies perceptions of her work within those relations motivates the "experience" to be a large part of her process when creating. She consistently questions what is an experience, and how can an experience be shared or private and what that displays for and in the work. Once understanding what an experience is within this methodology, the work expands larger than the product itself. 
The piece that she created titled "FLESH FUNCTIONS” was an early exploration of this process. It is displaying a physical study of bodies and the experiences they have with vessel-like objects. Through having knowledge from the theory “The Thing” by Martin Heidegger that she studied within a class she took, she was able to use this knowledge to reflect on the relationships we make with objects as “things” and deconstructed these items and the functions of them in an abstract lens. This led to challenging the idea of the ‘thingly’ qualities within objects and their relationship dynamic with bodies mentally and physically. 
In regards to this challenging, she begs the question - how do ‘ordinary’ objects gain these qualities to become or identify as things? How do they work differently, once the relationship between body and object becomes more complex within identification? This is where she aims to construct a different phenomenon of these objects and exchanges by using her physical form to "embody" the object. She attempts to take away the relationship of functionality of an object as its self and display those functions through the ‘thing’ that those objects are functional for - the body - thus becoming flesh functions. 
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