#pyelography

[jadhav1999]

best Homeopathy Treatment for BPH

Understanding BPH: An Overview

Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH) is a common condition that affects men as they age. It involves the enlargement of the prostate gland, which can compress the urethra and obstruct the normal flow of urine. While BPH is not cancerous and does not increase the risk of prostate cancer, it can cause uncomfortable symptoms that significantly impact a man's quality of life. BPH is particularly prevalent in men over the age of 50, with symptoms ranging from urinary retention to frequent urination, especially at night.

Causes and Risk Factors of BPH

The exact cause of BPH remains unclear, but several factors are known to contribute to its development:

Age: The prostate gland naturally increases in size as men age, often leading to symptoms after the age of 40 when it begins to compress the bladder and urethra.

Genetics: A family history of BPH can increase a man's risk of developing the condition.

Hormonal Changes: An imbalance in the ratio of male to female hormones in men, particularly an increase in estrogen levels, may contribute to prostate enlargement.

Demographic Factors: BPH is less common among Asian men compared to men in other parts of the world.

Symptoms of BPH: What to Look For

BPH symptoms primarily result from the obstruction of the bladder and urethra by the enlarged prostate. Not all men with BPH will experience symptoms severe enough to require medical intervention, but common signs include:

Urinary Retention: A sudden, strong urge to urinate, but an inability to do so.

Weak Urine Stream: A noticeable reduction in the strength of the urine flow.

Intermittent Urination: Urination that starts and stops, with dribbling at the end.

Frequent Urination: An increased need to urinate, particularly during the night (nocturia).

Incomplete Bladder Evacuation: A sensation that the bladder is not fully emptied after urination.

Blood in Urine (Hematuria): The presence of blood in the urine.

Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs): Frequent UTIs due to incomplete bladder emptying.

Diagnosis of BPH

A comprehensive diagnosis of BPH involves a combination of patient history, physical examination, and laboratory and imaging tests. A rectal examination is commonly performed to assess the size and consistency of the prostate and to rule out prostate cancer. Specific tests include:

Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test: This test measures the level of PSA in the blood. Elevated PSA levels are associated with BPH and prostate cancer.

Post-Void Residual (PVR) Urine Test: This test evaluates whether the bladder is fully emptied after urination.

Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS): An imaging technique that provides a detailed estimate of the prostate size and helps rule out prostate cancer.

Urodynamic Pressure-Flow Studies: These studies assess the bladder's contractions and help evaluate urinary function.

Intravenous Pyelography and CT Scans: These imaging techniques help rule out other causes of urinary symptoms or infections.

Modern Homeopathy: A Revolutionary Approach to BPH Treatment

Modern Homeopathy offers a cutting-edge approach to treating BPH, focusing on improving the structure and function of the prostate gland through research-based homeopathic formulations. This holistic treatment method is designed to address the underlying causes of prostate enlargement, enhance overall prostate health, and improve the quality of life for patients.

How Modern Homeopathy Works

Cellular-Level Healing: Modern Homeopathic remedies target the cellular level, working to reverse the pathological changes in the prostate. This approach aims to restore normal prostate function and reduce the symptoms associated with BPH.

Painless and Side-Effect-Free: Modern Homeopathy offers a non-invasive, painless treatment option without the side effects commonly associated with conventional therapies. This makes it an ideal choice for long-term management of BPH.

Boosting Immune System: By enhancing the body's natural immune defenses, Modern Homeopathy helps prevent the progression of BPH and reduces the risk of complications such as recurrent urinary tract infections.

Holistic Care and Support: In addition to physical treatment, Modern Homeopathy provides comprehensive care, including regular follow-ups and emotional support for patients and their families. This approach ensures that patients receive continuous care and experience improved well-being.

Why Choose Modern Homeopathy for BPH?

Root Cause Treatment: Modern Homeopathy addresses the underlying causes of prostate enlargement, leading to more effective and sustainable outcomes.

Natural and Safe: With no side effects, Modern Homeopathy provides a gentle yet powerful alternative to conventional treatments, making it suitable for long-term use.

Enhanced Quality of Life: By improving prostate health and reducing symptoms, Modern Homeopathy helps patients lead healthier, more fulfilling lives.

Conclusion

BPH is a common condition that can significantly impact a man's quality of life. Modern Homeopathy offers a safe, natural, and effective treatment option that targets the root cause of the condition, improves prostate function, and enhances overall well-being. If you’re seeking a holistic and side-effect-free solution to BPH, consult a qualified homeopathic practitioner today and take the first step toward better prostate health.

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[dradityasharma-1]

How is Bladder Cancer Diagnosed?

Bladder cancer is a serious condition, but early detection and treatment can significantly improve the chances of a successful outcome. If you're experiencing symptoms like blood in your urine (hematuria), frequent urination, or pain during urination, it's crucial to seek medical attention from a qualified urologist. Best Urology Care in Lucknow can provide the expertise and guidance you need throughout the diagnosis and treatment process.

Here's a breakdown of the common tests and procedures used to diagnose bladder cancer:

Urinalysis and Urine Cytology: A urinalysis is a basic test that analyzes your urine for abnormalities like blood cells, infection signs, or abnormal sugar levels. Urine cytology involves examining urine under a microscope to detect the presence of abnormal cells, which could be cancerous.

Cystoscopy: This procedure is considered the gold standard for diagnosing bladder cancer. A thin, lighted tube called a cystoscope is inserted through the urethra (the tube that carries urine out of the body) into the bladder. This allows the urologist to visualize the inside of your bladder and urethra, identify any abnormal areas, and potentially take tissue samples for further analysis. **Best Urologist in Lucknow offers cystoscopy as part of their comprehensive bladder cancer evaluation.

Biopsy: During a cystoscopy, your doctor might take a small tissue sample (biopsy) from any suspicious areas in your bladder. This sample is then examined by a pathologist under a microscope to confirm or rule out the presence of cancer cells. The biopsy results will also determine the type and grade (aggressiveness) of the cancer.

Imaging Tests: Imaging tests like CT scans, MRI scans, or intravenous pyelography (IVP) may be used to get a more detailed picture of your urinary tract. These tests can help assess the extent of cancer spread beyond the bladder, such as to lymph nodes or other organs.

Additional Tests for Staging:

Once bladder cancer is diagnosed, your doctor might recommend further tests to determine the stage (severity) of the cancer. This helps create a personalized treatment plan. Best Uro oncology care near me offers advanced diagnostic tools to accurately stage bladder cancer. These tests might include:

Chest X-ray: To check for cancer spread to the lungs. Bone Scan: To detect cancer spread to the bones. PET Scan: A specialized imaging test that can reveal areas of increased metabolic activity, potentially indicating cancer spread. Importance of Early Diagnosis:

Early detection of bladder cancer is crucial for successful treatment. **Best Urologist in Lucknow emphasizes the importance of regular checkups and immediate evaluation of any urinary tract symptoms. Early-stage bladder cancer is often highly treatable with minimally invasive procedures.

Finding the Right Urologic Care:

If you're experiencing symptoms suggestive of bladder cancer, consult a qualified urologist specializing in urologic oncology. Best Uro oncology care near me can provide comprehensive diagnostic and treatment options for bladder cancer. Best Urologist in Lucknow offers a team of experienced urologists dedicated to providing high-quality urologic care, including advanced diagnostics and treatment for bladder cancer.

Dr Aditya Sharma MCh Urologist (Gold Medalist) Uro-oncology Kidney Transplant Robotic Surgeon

Address: Kanpur - Lucknow Rd, Sector B, Bargawan, LDA Colony, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226012

Phone: 081300 14199

Website: https://dradityaurologist.com/

[autodaemonium]

oippɛniɪrŋdtrədəsrrɛ

Pronounced: oippayniirngdtruhduhsrray.

Pantheon of: responsiveness, publicity, femininity.

Entities

Bəsərhniəhəetkaʊivtiʊ

Pronounced: buhsuhrhniuhhuhetkowivtioo Femininity: girlishness. Legends: american football. Relations: ənðəkwntrmɪəðətltɒdɪ (loss ratio).

Niɪwriuɪɪvənðdaɪtælɛt

Pronounced: niiwriuiivuhnthdaitalayt Femininity: effeminacy. Legends: rural free delivery. Prophecies: cultivation, disestablishment, opinion, whirl. Relations: əltʃətətʃkədʒrənðbɛbiæs (lithia water).

Nəkklælɛsəintəɑekzəz

Pronounced: nuhkklalaysuhintuhahekzuhz Femininity: girlishness. Legends: tip in, coo. Relations: əoaɪraɪzəənɪtɪslroɛskn (nitrobenzene), ənðəkwntrmɪəðətltɒdɪ (count per minute), bəsərhniəhəetkaʊivtiʊ (pasteurized milk).

Rdʒntrðʌottʌaʊɛŋddpɛeə

Pronounced: rjntrthuottuowayngddpayeuh Femininity: womanliness. Legends: bel canto, creating by removal, counterblast, michigan, burn. Prophecies: inversion, pyrrhic victory.

Tmliəəməɪmmgpsədəsəɪ

Pronounced: tmliuhuhmuhimmgpsuhduhsuhi Femininity: girlishness. Legends: fight. Prophecies: marking, fraud in the inducement, restraint. Relations: əoaɪraɪzəənɪtɪslroɛskn (leaf mold), wnsɪrbrbrwənrtləədsl (soapstone).

Wnsɪrbrbrwənrtləədsl

Pronounced: wnsirbrbrwuhnrtluhuhdsl Femininity: womanliness. Prophecies: survey, coloration, cooperation, vulgarization, tae kwon do. Relations: nəkklælɛsəintəɑekzəz (nerve fiber), ɛtɒthkɪʒnkəoiwitðrlɪ (fluorite), bəsərhniəhəetkaʊivtiʊ (immunoglobulin m), əoaɪraɪzəənɪtɪslroɛskn (very low density lipoprotein).

Əltʃətətʃkədʒrənðbɛbiæs

Pronounced: uhltshuhtuhtshkuhjruhnthbaybias Femininity: girlishness. Legends: sumo, strangulation, sea change. Prophecies: warm-up, energizing. Relations: nəkklælɛsəintəɑekzəz (progressive aspect), ənðəkwntrmɪəðətltɒdɪ (silver chloride).

Ənðəkwntrmɪəðətltɒdɪ

Pronounced: uhnthuhkwntrmiuhthuhtltoudi Femininity: girlishness. Prophecies: piquet, interpenetration, deflection, trick. Relations: niɪwriuɪɪvənðdaɪtælɛt (wealth), wnsɪrbrbrwənrtləədsl (heteronym), ɛtɒthkɪʒnkəoiwitðrlɪ (cotton), tmliəəməɪmmgpsədəsəɪ (groundspeed).

Əoaɪraɪzəənɪtɪslroɛskn

Pronounced: uhoairaizuhuhnitislroayskn Femininity: effeminacy. Legends: levorotation, pyelography. Relations: rdʒntrðʌottʌaʊɛŋddpɛeə (polystyrene), bəsərhniəhəetkaʊivtiʊ (ribonuclease), tmliəəməɪmmgpsədəsəɪ (appanage), ənðəkwntrmɪəðətltɒdɪ (cappuccino).

Ɛtɒthkɪʒnkəoiwitðrlɪ

Pronounced: aytouthkiznkuhoiwitthrli Femininity: effeminacy. Legends: stakeout, denouement. Prophecies: wading, direct marketing, comprehensive examination, witch-hunt, game. Relations: əoaɪraɪzəənɪtɪslroɛskn (gneiss), niɪwriuɪɪvənðdaɪtælɛt (spray), tmliəəməɪmmgpsədəsəɪ (product).

[kidneyproblems]

Kidney problems

Several conditions may affect or damage the kidneys.

Some of the most common types of kidney problems/diseases are chronic kidney diseases. Other diseases include acute kidney injury, kidney stones, infections, cysts, and cancer.

What is a Kidney Stone?

Kidney stones are also termed renal calculi, nephrolithiasis, and urolithiasis. These are hard deposits of minerals or salts formed inside the kidneys. Renal calculi are a typical reason for blood in the Urine (hematuria) and torment in the midsection/abdomen, flank, or groin. Having stones in any area in the urinary tract is alluded to as urolithiasis.

The stones in the ureters is termed as ureterolithiasis.

There are 4 types of kidney stones -

किडनी स्टोन चार प्रकार के होते हैं- 1. कैल्शियम स्टोन 2. यूरिक एसिड स्टोन 3. स्ट्रूविटा स्टोन 4. सिस्टिन स्टोन

Nephrolithiasis is extremely painful and can lead to kidney infections.

And if untreated kidney won't function properly.

Causes of Kidney stones/Nephrolithiasis/urolithiasis

At the point when substances in the urine, for example, calcium, oxalate, and phosphorus become profoundly focused there are chances that they can frame renal calculi.

Urolithiasis happens when solutes solidify out of pee to frame stones.

Kidney stones form when there is a decrease in urine volume.

This may be due to the presence of an excess of stone-forming substances in the urine.

The most well-known reason for nephrolithiasis is lacking hydration and ensuing low pee volume.

Other standard variables adding to urolithiasis are -- hypercalciuria, hyperoxaluria, hyperuricosuria, and so on. Albeit the specific reason for stones is still up in the air, individuals with the accompanying variables might have expanded gambles.

Kidney stones/renal Calculi Symptoms

Assuming that you have little stones you'll typically pee them out with next to no distress except for the enormous stone causes a few side effects.

During nephrolithiasis, individuals experience extreme agony because of the development of stones through the urinary lot into the ureters.

Though, not many patients might have no side effects and others whine of:

How to cure kidney stones?

(A)Prevention

Albeit not all kidney stones can be prevented, certain lifestyle changes, including the accompanying, may assist with diminishing the risks of developing them:

(B)Treatment

Most kidney stones are sufficiently little to be passed in your pee, and treating the auxiliary impacts at home with the medication might be conceivable.

More prominent stones can be taken out with an activity.

It overviewed up to half of incredibly who have had kidney stones will encounter them later on in the going 5 years.

In delicate cases, when the stones could be flushed out with steady hydration (Pain the leaders may be required)

Facts to know regarding Kidney Stone

Diagnostics tests are - Blood tests, pee tests, intravenous pyelography, and CT checks.

(A) The first stage might awaken the patient from rest, and the aggravation is consistent, trailed by rushes of unbearable agony.

(B) The second stage is portrayed by consistent agony and may last 3 to 4 hours. (C) The third stage is related to less than overwhelming relief from discomfort, however, floods of agony might persevere. This stage might last 4 to 16 hours.

[optimainsights-post]

Urinary Stones Treatment Devices Market to Grow at 4.4% CAGR to Reach US$1.98 billion by 2026

The Global Urinary Stones Treatment Devices Market was valued at US$1.48 billion in the year 2018 and is expected to reach US$1.98 billion by 2026, at a CAGR of 4.4%.

 Urinary stones are mainly formed due to the inability of an individual to empty the urinary bladder. Due to urine accumulation, the minerals in the concentrated urine start crystalizing leading to the formation of stones. Depending on the location of the stone development it may be classified as a kidney stone, bladder stone or ureteral stone. These stones are diagnosed using, abdominal X-ray, CT scan, MRI scan, ultrasound, etc. During the early days, the stones were removed through surgical procedures. But the development of technologies such as lithotripsy, ureteroscopy, nephrolithotomy had reduced the hurdles in treatment and the removal of urinary stones. Also growing popularity of digital flexible ureteroscopes and rising focus on the development of lasers alternative to conventional once are the factors that contribute to the market growth.

Urolithiasis and Nephrolithiasis are the main conditions that contribute to the development of kidney stones in individuals and chiefly contribute to market growth. Besides, the recurrence of kidney stones in the adult population has also risen to 50% in recent decades due to enormous changes in the lifestyle, poor dietary habits, an increase in obesity, less intake of water and many other associated morbidities. Moreover, as recent research suggested, the probability of recurrence of nephrolithiasis in adolescents or children is about 50% within 3 years of the first occurrence. According to the National Kidney Foundation, over half a million people across the globe visit emergency rooms every year. International Federation of Kidney Foundations and the International Society of Nephrology are taking several initiatives to create awareness among the people regarding the equitable and inexpensive access to treatment options, screening, and diagnosis. This is set to drive the Urinary Treatment Devices market during the forecast period.

Implementation of imaging technologies for scanning urinary stones is expected to drive the growth in the upcoming years. Among diagnoses, the ultrasound segment emphasizes reducing the amount of ionizing radiation delivered to patients during routine imaging. It has also become a mainstay tool in the urologists' armamentarium for the diagnosis and management of nephrolithiasis. New advancements in ultrasound technology had also facilitated its use as a therapeutic and therapy guidance aid. Ultrasound is being used as the first line for the diagnosis of urinary stones for more than 14 years and is set to grow with a healthy CAGR of 5.1% during the forecast period. Other diagnostic techniques such as MRI, intravenous pyelogram, non-contrast CT are said to contribute very little when compared to ultrasound.

 Adoption of an alternative way of treatment such as Chinese herbal medicine, Ayurveda, acupressure was minimal during the yesteryears. However, after the rediscovery of the ancient techniques, the options for treating urinary stones with herbal medicine, acupressure, etc. are being researched more and few options have also become successful in minimizing the urinary stones. This is set to hamper the market growth as WHO had already initiated a global level initiative to study and standardize the usage of medicinal plants including that of the folklore medicine.

 However modern medicine offers an effective way of treatment. Among them, the lithotripsy segment has a huge demand in the market treating urinary stones and also to sidestep the invasive surgical procedures that were used for stone removal. Lithotripsy uses ultrasonic energy or shock waves focused directly on the stone to identify the place which was previously located with fluoroscopy or ultrasound of the stones. The patient is positioned in such a way so that the stones are targeted precisely. By using this lithotripsy, the complications, hospital stays, costs and recovery time are reduced. The treatment using lithotripsy is expected to fuel market growth until 2026.

 Among stone types, the calcium oxalate segment has been reported to propel the urinary stones market till 2018. The formation of calcium oxalate stones is strongly linked to the consumption of foods consisting high amount of oxalate that naturally occurs in plants and animals. This includes beets, black tea, chocolate, nuts, potatoes, and spinach. Also, calcium in the form of supplements for several other bone-related disorders may increase the chances of forming new calcium oxalate stones in the urine. Also, consumption of more leguminous foods such as dried beans, peas, anchovies and drinking of beer may increase the chances of uric acid crystal formation due to the deposition of purines in the kidney.

 North American region highly dominates the urinary stones treatment devices market due to extensive prevalence in the occurrence of urinary stones. The favorable conditions for research and development, increased healthcare expenditure and growing utilization of advanced technology for the treatment aspects are evident in this region. The US market holds a market share of about 65% to 35% whereas the Canadian market share is set to increase by around 2% during the forthcoming years due to more immigration from other countries. Further, government initiatives towards strengthening the healthcare infrastructure are accelerating the growth of the urinary stone treatment devices market in this region. Followed by the North American region is the European region, where Germany alone contributes to more than 27% of the total European market growth due to more occurrence of Urolithiasis among German individuals followed by France, the UK, Italy, and Spain. Besides, the Asia Pacific and the Middle East countries are also expected to contribute to the market growth having potential opportunities falling under the kidney stone belt of the world.

 Some of the key players in the urinary stones treatment devices market are, Becton, Dickinson and Company, Boston Scientific Corporation, EDAP TMS S.A., Olympus Corporation, Coloplast A/S, Siemens Healthineers, Convergent Laser Technologies, Cook Medical Inc, Direx Group, Dornier MedTech GmbH, Elmed Electronics & Medical Industry & Trade Inc, KARL STORZ GmbH & Co. KG, Lumenis Ltd, Medispec LTD, Richard Wolf Medical Instruments Corporation, Allengers Medical Systems Ltd and E.M.S. Electro Medical Systems SA.

 Request for Sample Pages @ https://www.optimainsights.org/sample-request/145-urinary-stones-treatment-devices-market

Key Updates:

FDA Approves Retrophin’s New Formula Thiola EC (tiopronin) for treating Cystine Kidney Stones

Dornier’s new Gemini stone-busting system:  The pulverizer is both a step into the future and a blast from the past

Dornier launches AXIS™ Single-Use Digital Ureteroscope for treating Urinary Stones

Journal Summaries in Internal Medicine: Researchers examined the utility of experimental Thulium fiber laser (TFL) as an alternative to the gold standard Holmium: YAG laser for lithotripsy

The Report Provides Key Insights on

History of the Urinary Stones Treatment Devices Market, 2015 to 2017

Forecast of the Urinary Stones Treatment Devices Market Growth till the year 2026

The key market drivers, restraints, challenges, future opportunities and the market dynamics driving the Urinary Stones Treatment Devices Market

Analysis of potential growth segments which will drive the market

Landscape analysis of the major companies, and new market entrants and companies which possess disruptive technologies which can change the trend of the entire market

Key market approaches adopted by the organizations and in-depth intelligence of potential strategies which could alter the market dynamics

Urinary Stones Treatment Devices Market Based on Diagnosis (Market Size and Forecast, and Y-o-Y Growth, (US$ Mn)

·         Abdominal X-Ray

·         Computed Tomography(CT) Scan

·         Intravenous Pyelography (IVP)

·         Ultrasound

·         Abdominal MRI

Urinary Stones Treatment Devices Market Based on Treatment (Market Size and Forecast, and Y-o-Y Growth, (US$ Mn)

·         Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL)

·         Ureteroscopy (URS)

·         Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL)

Urinary Stones Treatment Devices Market Based on Stone Type (Market Size and Forecast, and Y-o-Y Growth, (US$ Mn)

·         Calcium Phosphate

·         Cystine

·         Struvite

·         Uric Acid

·         Calcium Oxalate

Urinary Stones Treatment Devices Market Based on Geographic Region (Market Size and Forecast, and Y-o-Y Growth, (US$ Mn)

·         North America

·         Europe

·         APAC

·         LAMEA

Urinary Stones Treatment Devices Market Competitive Analysis (Company Overview, SWOT Matrix, Financial, Product Overview, and Market Strategies)

·         Siemens Healthineers

·         Direx Systems Corp

·         Dornier Medtech Gmbh

·         Elmed Electronics & Medical Industry & Trade Inc

·         Karl Storz Gmbh & Co. KG

·         Lumenis Ltd

·         Medispec Ltd

·         E.M.S. Electro Medical Systems SA

 Download Complete TOC of the Report @ https://www.optimainsights.org/request-toc/145-urinary-stones-treatment-devices-market

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[nurseslabs]

Cystoscopy, also known as cystoureterography or prostatography, is an invasive diagnostic procedure that allows direct visualization of the urethra, urinary bladder, and ureteral orifices through the transurethral insertion of a cystoscope into the bladder.

There are two types of cystoscopy: rigid and flexible. A rigid cystoscopy uses a thin, lighted tube that consists of an obturator and a telescope with a lens and light system; It is usually performed to take tissue samples and carry out complicated surgeries. It is done under general or spinal anesthesia. While flexible cystoscopy uses a flexible fiber-optic telescope to provide diagnosis of urinary abnormalities and to evaluate the effectiveness of a treatment. It is performed under local anesthesia.

The nurse needs to help prepare the patient during cystoscopy. This study guide lists the tasks and responsibilities of the nurse during cystoscopy.

[toc]

Indication

The cystoscopy may be performed for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes:

Diagnostic Cystoscopy

Assess the function of the kidneys by taking a urine specimen through ureteral catheters

Assess changes in urinary elimination patterns

Differentiate between benign and malignant bladder lesions

Identify the source of hematuria

Investigate the cause of recurrent urinary tract infection

Evaluate the extent of enlarged prostate and degree of obstructions

Evaluate urinary tract abnormalities such as dysuria, urgency, incontinence, frequency, retention, and inadequate stream

Diagnose congenital anomalies such as ureteroceles, diverticula, duplicate ureters, urethral or ureteral strictures, and areas of inflammation or ulceration

Therapeutic Cystoscopy

Coagulate bleeding areas

Dilate the urethra and ureters

Remove and resect polyps and small bladder tumors

Remove foreign bodies and renal calculi

Implant radioactive seeds into a tumor

Place ureteral catheters to drain urine from the renal pelvis or for retrograde pyelography

Resect hypertrophied or malignant prostate gland  (transurethral resection of the prostate)

Contraindication

Cystoscopy should not be done with the following:

Patients with an acute form of urethritis, prostatitis, or cystitis because instrumentation may increase the risk of bacterial invasion, leading to sepsis

Patients with bleeding disorders since instrumentation may lead to further bleeding from the lower urinary tract

Patients who are pregnant, unless the potential benefits of a procedure outweigh the risk of maternal and fetal damage

Interfering Factors

These are factors or conditions that may alter the outcome of cystoscopy:

Inability to cooperate or remain still during the procedure due to age, significant pain, or mental status

Failure to follow dietary restrictions prior that may lead to the cancellation or repetition of the procedure

Procedure

Cystoscopy is usually performed in the operating room or it can also be done in the clinic setting. The following are the steps for cystoscopy:

Empty the bladder.

The patient is asked to empty his or her bladder before the procedure and to change into a surgical gown.

Place patient in a lithotomy position. The patient is placed in the lithotomy position, the buttocks should be positioned at the edge of the table and the feet are placed in stirrups.

Skin prep the patient.

The genitalia is cleaned with an antiseptic solution, and the patient is draped.

Sedative or local anesthesia is given.

A local anesthetic is instilled into the urethra if general anesthesia will not be used.

Cystoscope is inserted.

The cystoscope or a urethroscope is inserted to examine the urethra before cystoscopy. The urethroscope has a sheat that may be left in place, and the cystoscope is inserted through it, avoiding multiple instrumentations.

Urine is examined.

After insertion of the cystoscope, a sample of residual urine may be taken for culture or other analysis.

Bladder is filled with irrigating solution.

The bladder is irrigated through an irrigation system attached to the scope. The irrigation fluid helps in bladder visualization.

Other procedures may be performed such as: 

-If a prostatic tumor is found, a biopsy specimen may be obtained by means of a cytology brush or biopsy forceps inserted through the scope. If the tumor is small and localized, it can be excised and fulgurated. This procedure is termed transurethral resection of the bladder. -Polyps can also be identified and excised. -Ulcers or bleeding sites can be fulgurated using electrocautery. -Renal calculi can be crushed and removed from the ureters and bladder. -Ureteral catheters can be inserted via the scope to obtain urine samples from each kidney for comparative analysis and radiographic studies. -Ureteral and urethral strictures can also be dilated during this procedure.

Cystoscope is removed.

Upon completion of the examination and related procedures, the cystoscope is withdrawn.

Specimen is sent to the laboratory.

Place obtained specimens in proper containers, label them properly, and immediately transport them to the laboratory.

Cystoscopy Nursing Responsibility

The following are the nursing interventions and nursing care considerations for the patient undergoing cystoscopy:

Before cystoscopy

The following are the nursing interventions prior to cystography:

Assess patient’s understanding of the procedure and answer any queries. The procedure is usually performed in a urology clinic and it takes about 30-45 minutes. Inform the patient who will perform the test, where it will take place, and other health team members involved in the care.

Obtain informed consent. A written and informed consent is signed prior to the procedure and before administration of medications.

Withhold blood thinning medications. Some examples are aspirin, warfarin (Coumadin), enoxaparin (Lovenox), heparin, clopidogrel (Plavix), and dabigatran (Pradaxa).

Provide instruction for fasting and non-fasting preparation. Unless a general anesthetic has been ordered, inform the patient that he doesn’t need to restrict food and fluids. If a general anesthetic will be administered, instruct the patient to fast for at least 6 to 8 hours prior to the test.

Establish an IV line. To allow infusion of fluids, anesthetics, sedatives or emergency medications.

Prepare the patient. Instruct patient to empty the bladder prior to the procedure and to change into the hospital gown provided.

Administer sedation and other medications as ordered. Preoperative medications are given 1 hour before the test. Sedative decreases the spasm of the bladder sphincter, reducing the patient’s discomfort.

After cystoscopy

The nurse should note of the following nursing care after cystoscopy:

Monitor and record vital signs. An increase in pulse (tachycardia) and a decrease in blood pressure (hypotension) may indicate a sign of hemorrhage.

Assess the patient’s ability to void at least 24 hours after the procedure. Urinary retention may be secondary to edema as a result from instrumentation.

Observe the color of urine. Pink-tnged urine and burning or mild discomfort when urinating may be experienced for a few voidings after the procedure. This usually resolves within two or three days.

Encourage increased fluid intake as indicated. Fluids will help flush the bladder to decrease the amount of bleeding and to reduce risk of infection.

Encourage deep breathing exercises. These exercises may relieve the patient from bladder spasms.

Provide warm sitz baths and administer mild analgesics as ordered. These may relieve urinary discomfort and promote muscle relaxation.

Watch out for signs of serious complications (sepsis, bladder perforation, hematuria). Persistent, severe flank pain, elevated temperature over 101° F, chills, bright red blood or clots in the urine, painful urination, or urinary retention must be reported immediately to the HCP.

Normal Results

Normal findings in a cystography will show a:

Normal size, shape, and position of the urethra, bladder, and urethral structure.

Abnormal Results

Abnormalities in a cystography will reveal:

Bladder cancer

Diverticulum of the bladder, fistula, stones, and strictures

Foreign body

Infection or inflammation

Obstruction

Polyps

Prostatic hyperplasia

Prostatitis

Renal calculi

Tumors

Ureteral calculi

Ureteral reflux

Ureteral or urethral strictures

Ureterocele

Urinary fistula

Urinary tract malformation and congenital anomalies

Gallery

Interesting images related to cystoscopy:

This slideshow requires JavaScript.

References

Additional resources and references for this guide:

Anne M. Van Leeuwen, Mickey Lynn Bladh. Laboratory & Diagnostic Tests with Nursing Implications: Davis’s

Suzanne C. Smeltzer. Brunner & Suddarth’s Handbook of Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Fenlon, H. M., Bell, T. V., Ahari, H. K., & Hussain, S. (1997). Virtual cystoscopy: early clinical experience. Radiology, 205(1), 272-275.

Song, J. H., Francis, I. R., Platt, J. F., Cohan, R. H., Mohsin, J., Kielb, S. J., … & Montie, J. E. (2001). Bladder tumor detection at virtual cystoscopy. Radiology, 218(1), 95-100.

Vining, D. J., Zagoria, R. J., Liu, K., & Stelts, D. (1996). CT cystoscopy: an innovation in bladder imaging. AJR. American journal of roentgenology, 166(2), 409-410.

Cystoscopy Diagnostic Procedure and Nursing Responsibilities

Cystoscopy Cystoscopy, also known as cystoureterography or prostatography, is an invasive diagnostic procedure that allows direct visualization of the urethra, urinary bladder, and ureteral orifices through the transurethral insertion of a cystoscope into the bladder.

[healthcaredbmrnews]

Kidney stone market is expected to gain market growth in the forecast period of 2021 to 2028. Data Bridge Market Research analyses the market to grow at a CAGR of 4.70% in the above-mentioned forecast period.

[mohitmaximize]

Kidney Stone Management Devices Market Future Trends, Dynamic Growth & Forecast To 2027

Kidney Stone Management Devices Market Overview:

Kidney Stone Management Devices Market: Report Scope the latest industry report on the Kidney Stone Management Devices Market assesses the opportunities and current market landscape, offering insights and updates on the corresponding segments for the forecasted period of 2021-2027. The report contains a complete analysis of major market dynamics as well as detailed information on the Kidney Stone Management Devices market's structure. This market research report provides unique insights into how the Kidney Stone Management Devices market is expected to grow from 2021 to 2027.

The primary goal of the Kidney Stone Management Devices market research is to provide detailed information on market opportunities that are assisting in the transformation of Kidney Stone Management Devices enterprise. Report provide projected growth rates along with the compound annual growth rate (CAGR) for forecasted period to enable readers to better understand the monitoring and assessment of the Kidney Stone Management Devices market, as well as to discover lucrative opportunities in the market.      

Request for free sample: https://www.maximizemarketresearch.com/request-sample/34959

Market Scope:

Maximize Market Research, report provide overall market insights for manufacturers, suppliers, distributors, and investors in the Kidney Stone Management Devices market. The information and data offered in the report may be used by all stakeholders in the Kidney Stone Management Devices market, as well as industry professionals, researchers, journalists, and business researchers.

Maximize Market Research, report provides a unique research approach to conduct detailed research on the Kidney Stone Management Devices market and make conclusions on the market's future growth factors. Primary and secondary research methodologies are combined in the research approach to assure the authenticity and validity of the conclusions in this report.

The report discusses the Kidney Stone Management Devices market's drivers, restraints, opportunities, and challenges. The research helps to identify the market growth drivers and determining how to utilize these factors as strengths. Restraints can assist readers in identifying traits that are restricting the Kidney Stone Management Devices market, as well as reducing them before they become an issue. This will assist readers in comprehending the aspects that will influence your ability to capitalise on possibilities.

Segmentation:

Global Kidney Stone Management Devices Market, By Diagnosis

• Intravenous pyelography (IVP)

• Intravenous urogram

• Ultrasound

• X-ray

• CT scan

Global Kidney Stone Management Devices Market, By End User

• Hospital• Clinic

• Kidney Care Centers

• Others

Global Kidney Stone Mana

Get more Report Details :https://www.maximizemarketresearch.com/market-report/global-kidney-stone-management-devices-market/34959/

Key Players:

• KARL Storz Se & Co. Kg

• Becton Dickinson and Company

• Boston Scientific Corporation

• Coloplast Group

• EDAP TMS SA

• E.M.S. Electro Medical Systems S.A.

• Lumenis Ltd.

• New Star Lasers, Inc.

• Olympus Corp.

• Cook Medical

• DirexGroup

• Dornier MedTech

• Richard Wolf GmbH

• Siemens Healthineers

• Storz Medical AG

• EDAS TMS

• Storz Medical AG

• Medispec Ltd.

• GEMSS Co., Ltd.

• Inceler Medikal Co. Ltd

The competitive landscape shows the market share of major key competitors, as well as their key development plans and current financial performance over the previous five years. This information is anticipated to help businesses understand their competitors on a global level. Furthermore, the reports feature company profiles, product offers, critical financial data, country-level research, and a synthesis of demand and supply variables that influence market growth.

Regional Analysis:

Geographically, Kidney Stone Management Devices market report is segmented into several key regions are as follows,

Asia-Pacific (Vietnam, China, Malaysia, Japan, Philippines, Korea, Thailand, India, Indonesia, and Australia)

Europe (Turkey, Germany, Russia UK, Italy, France, etc.)

North America (the United States, Mexico, and Canada.)

South America (Brazil etc.)

The Middle East and Africa (GCC Countries and Egypt.)

Furthermore, the study covers market size, growth rate, import and export, as well as country-level analysis, integrating the demand and supply forces of the Kidney Stone Management Devices market in these countries, which are impacting market growth.

COVID-19 Impact Analysis on Kidney Stone Management Devices Market:

COVID-19's global influence on the Kidney Stone Management Devices market was examined in this research. During this crisis, the report examines the Kidney Stone Management Devices market's alternatives, demanding conditions, and difficult possibilities in detail. In terms of funding and market expansion, the paper briefly examines the COVID-19's merits and limitations. The study also contains a set of concepts that should aid readers in developing and planning company strategies.

The report considers consultations to overcome past disruptions and foresees potential ones in order to improve preparation. Businesses can use the frameworks to design their strategic alignments in order to recover from such disruptive trends. Maximize Market Research analysts can also assist readers in breaking down a complex circumstance and bringing resiliency to a situation that is uncertain.

About Us:

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[market-research-future]

Ureteral Obstruction Market Landscape, Key Companies Profile and Solutions

Ureteral Obstruction Market Share, Growth And Trends Analysis By Type (Acute, Chronic) By Diagnosis (Ultrasound, Bladder Catheterization, Others) By Treatment (Surgery, Drugs) By Equipment (Devices, Consumables, Others) By End Users - Global Forecast Till 2023

Global Ureteral obstruction market Players:

Key players profiled in the Ureteral Obstruction Market report are C. R. Bard, Inc., Boston Scientific Corporation, Cook Medical Inc., Medline Industries, Inc., Coloplast A/S, DISA Vascular, Terumo Europe NV, Medtronic, Novartis AG, Johnson and Johnson and others.

Ureteral Obstruction Market Segmentation:

The global ureteral obstruction market is segmented based on type, diagnosis, treatment, equipment and end users.

Based on type, the market has been segmented as acute and chronic. Based on the diagnosis, the market has been segmented as ultrasound, bladder catheterization, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), voiding cystourethrography (VCUG), pyelography, endoscopy, blood and urine tests and others.

Based on the treatment, the Ureteral Obstruction Market has been segmented as surgery (ureteral stent, nephrostomy, open laparoscopy, catheterization, robot-assisted laparoscopy, others) and drugs (antibiotics, pain killers, others). Based on the equipment, the market has been segmented as devices (catheters, stents, others) and consumables (diagnostic reagents, urinary sample collectors, others) and others. Based on the end users, the market has been segmented as hospitals and clinics, research, others.

Request Free sample Copy at: https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/sample_request/4041

Ureteral Obstruction Market Overview

The market for ureteral obstruction is highly fragmented due to large number of players especially in the devices segment which has put pressure on the profit margin, rise of low quality and low-cost products especially catheters which reduces the market of high-quality products. Also, the market for ureteral obstruction is highly dependent on product development strategy such as miniaturization of ureter stents, development of coated ureter stents. The drug segment is growing at a slow pace due to saturation of the market. Considering all these factors, the ureteral obstruction market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 8.5 % during 2017-2023.

The global Ureteral Obstruction Market is growing at a rate of 8.5 % and is expected show a similar trend during the forecast period. Ureteral obstruction or urinary tract obstruction is a condition of blockage of urine through the urinary tract, which may be complete or partial. In Ureteral obstruction the urine may refluxes backward into your kidneys. Ureteral obstruction is curable, but if not treated, can lead to loss of kidney function, sepsis and eventually death. Other severe consequences are kidney stones, and infection of the urinary tract. Mild symptoms generally in partial blockage are pain in a side, abnormal urine flow and urinating at night, acute stinging pain etc. Ureteral obstruction is caused by injuries such as a pelvic fracture, ureter, kidneys, bladder or colon cancer, kidney stones in ureter etc.

Browse Detailed TOC with COVID-19 Impact Analysis at: https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/reports/ureteral-obstruction-market-4041

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Email: akash.anand@marketresearchfuture.com

[autodaemonium]

ənvfnzɑədʒlɪnrvədkəlm

Pronounced: uhnvfnzahuhjlinrvuhdkuhlm.

Pantheon of: fibrosity, negativity, tactile property, thoughtfulness, divisibility, inutility, here, stuff, divinity, incorrectness.

Entities

Drpmiəktwnuiðæənɪtiʃ

Pronounced: drpmiuhktwnuithauhnitish Divisibility: fissiparity. Inutility: impracticability. Thoughtfulness: deliberation. Tactile Property: touch. Incorrectness: erroneousness. Legends: gymkhana, search mission, organization. Prophecies: unknown quantity, mail fraud. Relations: msrəkækeʌɪwəmiɪnnɪʃt (north).

Msrəkækeʌɪwəmiɪnnɪʃt

Pronounced: msruhkakeuiwuhmiinnisht Divisibility: fissiparity. Inutility: impracticability. Thoughtfulness: deliberation. Tactile Property: touch. Incorrectness: erroneousness. Legends: coaching.

Ntpyəmɛsðəolʌttnfðvʃ

Pronounced: ntpyuhmaysthuholuttnfthvsh Divisibility: fissiparity. Inutility: impracticability. Thoughtfulness: introspectiveness. Tactile Property: texture. Incorrectness: erroneousness. Relations: drpmiəktwnuiðæənɪtiʃ (perfluorocarbon), ɪrɒptəəirlnɪæɛərpbzw (mutual understanding), msrəkækeʌɪwəmiɪnnɪʃt (swag).

Vɛnzɪsrrrʃdɪilvɪdstɛ

Pronounced: vaynzisrrrshdiilvidstay Divisibility: fissiparity. Inutility: impracticability. Thoughtfulness: pensiveness. Tactile Property: touch. Incorrectness: erroneousness. Legends: deflation, renunciation, ice hockey, colonic irrigation, deformation. Prophecies: digital communication, dental care. Relations: ækəɪʌŋæðɑʊkəɪəərdəwd (transcriptase), zvɑəuskunknðrɑlðləəŋ (isocyanate), ɪrɒptəəirlnɪæɛərpbzw (deuce), drpmiəktwnuiðæənɪtiʃ (butterfat).

Zvɑəuskunknðrɑlðləəŋ

Pronounced: zvahuhuskunknthrahlthluhuhng Divisibility: fissiparity. Inutility: impracticability. Thoughtfulness: deliberation. Tactile Property: touch. Incorrectness: erroneousness. Prophecies: lineation. Relations: vɛnzɪsrrrʃdɪilvɪdstɛ (chloride).

Ækəɪʌŋæðɑʊkəɪəərdəwd

Pronounced: akuhiungathahookuhiuhuhrduhwd Divisibility: fissiparity. Inutility: impracticality. Thoughtfulness: pensiveness. Tactile Property: touch. Incorrectness: erroneousness. Legends: pyelography, satyagraha, freudian slip. Relations: ntpyəmɛsðəolʌttnfðvʃ (fibrin).

Ɪruətʌlənnnznwnzokyn

Pronounced: iruuhtuluhnnnznwnzokyn Divisibility: fissiparity. Inutility: impracticality. Thoughtfulness: deliberation. Tactile Property: touch. Incorrectness: erroneousness. Prophecies: misbehavior, pitcher, thump, abduction.

Ɪrɒptəəirlnɪæɛərpbzw

Pronounced: irouptuhuhirlniaayuhrpbzw Divisibility: fissiparity. Inutility: worthlessness. Thoughtfulness: reflectiveness. Tactile Property: texture. Incorrectness: erroneousness. Prophecies: white man's burden, test, sonography, psa blood test. Relations: drpmiəktwnuiðæənɪtiʃ (borough english), ɪruətʌlənnnznwnzokyn (level), ækəɪʌŋæðɑʊkəɪəərdəwd (dibasic salt), vɛnzɪsrrrʃdɪilvɪdstɛ (birch beer).

Ʌəvʒɪæmuaɪiivæulttnaɪk

Pronounced: uuhvziamuaiiivaulttnaik Divisibility: fissiparity. Inutility: worthlessness. Thoughtfulness: introspectiveness. Tactile Property: touch. Incorrectness: erroneousness. Legends: bossism, nudge, terrorist attack. Prophecies: youth movement, quarter, talk show, suturing, blackening. Relations: zvɑəuskunknðrɑlðləəŋ (lauryl alcohol).

[medicaldevicetech]

Kidney Stone Management Devices Market Survey: Size, Share, Trends and Demand

Kidney Stones Management Market Synopsis:

The changes in lifestyle have led to a drastic increase in the patient population of urolithiasis. This, in turn, has led to rapid developments in technology and diagnosis. Market Research Future (MRFR) has asserted in its latest study that the global kidney stone market is expected to expand at a moderate 4.6% CAGR and reach USD 2,508.01 Million till 2025. Technological innovations are poised to dictate the growth trajectory of the market in the years to come.

The introduction of minimally invasive procedures has revolutionized the growth pattern of the healthcare sector. A similar trend is likely to positively influence the expansion of the kidney stone management devices market over the next couple of years. The advancements in the diagnosis of kidney stones through minimally invasive procedures is expected to boost the revenue generation of the market across the review periodzz.

The large-scale prevalence of the chronic disease, diabetes, is anticipated to affect a larger fraction of the population in the foreseeable future. Thus, the kidney stone market is projected to remain highly lucrative over the next few years. However, the adverse effects of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy can pose a challenge to the market players.

Market Segmentation:

By type, the global Kidney stones management market has been segmented into uric acid, calcium stones, struvite kidney stones, and cystine stones. Among these, the calcium stones segment has gained higher traction of the market and is anticipated to retain its dominance over the next few years.

On the basis of treatment, the kidney stone market has been segmented into medications, ureteroscopy (URS), extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). The ureteroscopy (URS) segment is likely to generate relatively higher revenue as it is preferred by the patients over other methods.

The global kidney stone market, by diagnosis, has been segmented into intravenous pyelography (IVP) or intravenous urogram, ultrasound, CT scan, and X-ray. Among these, the ultrasound segment is anticipated to hold the pole position in the market and grow substantially over the assessment period. The process doesn’t use radiation which is anticipated to support the growth pattern of the segment.

Regional Analysis:

By region, the global kidney stone market has been segmented into North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and the Middle East & Africa (MEA). North America is currently leading the growth of the global market. It is anticipated to retain its prominence over the assessment period. Europe is at the second spot and is likely to grow leaps and bounds during the review period. On the other hand, Asia Pacific is projected to exhibit significant growth owing to the presence of fast-developing economies such as India, China, etc.

Competitive Dashboard:

The prominent players operating in the global kidney stone market are EDirexGroup (Israel), Boston Scientific Corp. (U.S.), .M.S. Electro Medical Systems S.A. (Switzerland), Elmed Electronics & Medical Industry & Trade Inc. (Turkey), Convergent Laser Technologies (U.S.), Medispec Ltd. (U.S.), C.R. Bard Inc. (U.S.), Dornier MedTech GmbH (Germany), Cook Medical Inc. (U.S.), Richard Wolf GmbH (Germany), Stryker Corp. (U.S.), STORZ MEDICAL AG (Switzerland), Siemens Ltd. (Germany), and Olympus Corp. (Japan).

Industry News:

In April 2019, Dornier MedTech (Dornier), a leader in kidney stone management, announced the launch of AXIS™ Single-Use Digital Flexible Ureteroscope (AXIS™) along with Stone Management Products for the U.S. market.

In December 2018, Shockwave Medical, a pioneer in urologic lithotripsy for breaking up kidney stones, has collaborated with Abiomed Inc., a medical device company, for the complementary use of their respective technologies.

In July 2018, a global leader in innovative kidney stone management, Dornier MedTech (Dornier), has introduced a new laser portfolio for the Singapore market which comprises of Dornier Medilas H 140 and Dornier Medilas H Solvo 35 for urological stones.

Read More @ https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/reports/kidney-stones-market-1745

[healthcaredbmrnews]

Kidney stone market is expected to gain market growth in the forecast period of 2021 to 2028. Data Bridge Market Research analyses the market to grow at a CAGR of 4.70% in the above-mentioned forecast period.

[urologistinnoida]

Kidney Cancer: Symptoms, Treatments and Information

What is it?

Renal cell cancer (adenocarcinoma) is a type of cancer that occurs in the kidneys when malignant or cancerous cells that originate in the renal cortex appear. It is the most frequent type of carcinoma of the kidney: approximately twelve new cases are registered per year per 100,000 inhabitants.

According to urologist in Noida, it is found around 2-3 percent of malignant tumors in adults. It is more common after age 50 and twice as many cases occur in men than in women.

Causes

The direct causes that cause this type of cancer are unknown. But, according to urologist in Delhi, there are a number of risk factors that affect the propensity to suffer from it:

Tobacco: it is one of the most dangerous risk factors since it multiplies by two the chances of this cancer.

Obesity: it is also a risk factor to consider, its direct relationship with kidney carcinoma has been demonstrated.

High-fat diet: this cause is closely related to the previous one, a diet high in fat and with little presence of fruits and vegetables will favor the tumor.

Cadmium exposure: There are studies that relate this material to kidney cancer. Working with paints, welding materials or batteries also increases the risk.

Kidney diseases: those patients who find their renal function reduced due to chronic kidney disease or who have been receiving long-term dialysis are also more likely to suffer from it.

Genetic factors: some genetic diseases, such as von Hippel-Lindau disease, a genetic syndrome that alters blood vessels, or tuberous sclerosis, which involves the formation of abnormal masses in some body cells, may also predispose the patient to develop cancer of kidney

Symptom

According to urologist in Ghaziabad, the most common symptoms of kidney cancer are: the presence of blood in the urine (usually the most frequent), pain in the lower back and the appearance of a lump in the abdomen.

In addition to these three main symptoms, others may appear, such as weight loss, lack of appetite, general tiredness, anemia and fever.

Due to the proximity of the kidney to the adrenal gland, it can sometimes be accompanied by hormonal changes that cause hypertension, increased blood viscosity, enlarged breasts in the male or increased calcium in the blood.

Kidney cancer can metastasize to regional lymph nodes, lungs, liver, bones and brain.

Prevention

In people with a family history of renal tumors, the best urologist in Noida  recommends that they go for an abdominal ultrasound every 4 or 5 years after age 40.

Other methods to prevent the onset of kidney cancer are: quit smoking, maintain a normal blood pressure and a healthy body weight thanks to a diet low in fat and high in fruits and vegetables.

Types

Renal cell cancer: it is the most common, cancer cells form in the tubules of the kidney.

Transitional cell cancer of the renal pelvis and ureter: when malignant cells form in the renal pelvis and ureter.

Wilms tumor: they form in the kidneys of children and adolescents under 15 years. Among childhood kidney cancers it is the majority.

Diagnosis

According to the best urologist in Ghaziabad, a large part of the renal tumors (40 percent) that are diagnosed today are by chance thanks to an ultrasound or abdominal CT scan done for any other reason. The different procedures used to diagnose this disease are:

Interview and medical exploration.

Blood and urine tests: both are necessary to be able to clarify certain symptoms such as anemia or any type of renal function disorder.

Renal ultrasound: uses ultrasound to see the structure and abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tract.

Intravenous pyelography ( IVP ): through radiographs with a urinary contrast, it is possible to see if there are obstructions in the kidneys, ureters and bladder, due to the presence of a lump or tumor.

Computed tomography (CT): They are x-rays in sections to see all the structures of the abdomen. An MRI can also be done.

Biopsy: by removing the tumor tissue, it can be determined if there are malignant cells. It serves to confirm the diagnosis and to adapt the treatment correctly to the pathology.

Treatments

Surgery

Within the surgical kidney cancer treatment in Delhi we find:

Radical nephrectomy: procedure by which the entire kidney, surrounding tissue and some nearby lymph nodes are removed.

Partial nephrectomy: the tumor and part of the surrounding tissue are removed, preserving healthy kidney tissue.

Radiotherapy

Radiation therapy is used to kill cancer cells by directing radiation to the localized area of ​​the tumor. In renal cancers it is often used as treatment of character palliative or as a complementary to surgery for kidney cancer treatment in Noida. Although it is not shown in clinical studies to help eliminate resection margins.

Biological therapy

Immunotherapy is a type of kidney cancer treatment in Ghaziabad to stimulate the ability of the immune system and thus fight cancer. It is achieved by the administration of classic cytokines (Interleukin 2 or Interferon a) and has proven clinical efficacy.

Chemotherapy

The chemotherapy is a cancer treatment by drugs that interrupt the growth of cancer cells, eliminating or preventing their multiplication. The cancer of renal cells resistant to chemotherapy.

[siva3155]

300+ TOP RADIOLOGY Objective Questions and Answers

RADIOLOGY Multiple Choice Questions :-

1.The overall heart size in tetralogy of Fallot is usually a) Markedly enlarged b) Normal or relatively small c) Slightly enlarged d) Moderately enlarged. Ans:b 2.Diagnosis of aortic calcification is done by fluoroscopy by seeing a) Side to side movement b) Up and down movement c) Combined movement d) None Ans:a 3.In Urinary tract tuberculosis, frequent finding on plain film of abdomen is a) Mass b) Ileus c) Calcification d) Psoas abscess Ans:c 4.Pericardial calcification is caused by all except a) Radiotherapy to the mediastinum b) Methysergide therapy c) Anticoagulant therapy d) Benign pericarditis e) Dermatomyositis Ans:e 5.Cystic dilation of collecting tubules are seen in a) Adult polycystic kidney b) Medullary sponge kidney c) Horse shoe shaped kidney d) Nephroblastoma Ans:b 6.During angiocardiography the mitral valve is best visualized in the a) Frontal view b) Lateral view c) Right anterior oblique view d) None of the above. Ans:c 7. The X-ray finding of small intestinal malabsorption syndrome are all except a) Increased transit time b) mucosal atrophy c) Dilatation of bowel d) Flocculation of Barium Ans:a 8. Right side of mediastinal shadow is not formed by a) SVC b) right innominate c)RA d)RV Ans:d 9. Best mode of imaging for suspected uric acid calculi is a) Plain film of abdomen b) Ultrasonography c) Intravenous pyelography d) Radionuclides. Ans:c 10. Solitary nodule lung cannot be a) Tuberculoma b) Neurofibroma c) Bronchogenic carcinoma d) Lymphoma Ans:d

RADIOLOGY MCQs 11. Angle of trachea is increased in which chamber of heart enlargement a) Left atrium b) Right atrium c) Left ventricle d) Right ventricl Ans:a 12. Medusa lock appearance in X- ray seen in a) ascariasis b) Tapeworm c) Hookworm d) Ascaris and tapeworm Ans:a 13. Signs of increased intracranial tension in a child in a skull X-ray a) Separation of the sutures b) Tense anterior fontanelle c) Silver beaten appearance of the bones d) All of the above Ans:d 14. Echoenecpahalography is most useful for detecting a) Ventricular dilatation b) Midline shift c) Epilepsy d) Vascular lesions Ans:a 15. X-rays are modified a) Protons b) Electrons c) Neutrons d) Positrons Ans:b 16. "Sentinel loop" appearance on X-ray is seen a) Acute pancreatitis b) Chronic pancreatitis c) Intestinal obstruction d) Acute appendicitis Ans:a 17. The "Target Sign" sonographically means a) Ovarian carcinoma b) Ectopic kidney c) Intussusception d) Liver metastasis Ans:c 18. Osteosclerotic bone secondaries are seen in a) Carcinoma thyroid b) Carcinoma prostate C) Carcinoma stomach d) Carcinoma lung Ans:b 19.Water soluble contrast media used for myelography is a) Metrizamide b) Dianosil c) Conray d) Iohexol Ans:a 20.Most sensitive test for metastatic deposit is a) Isotope scan b) CT Scan c) Skeletal survey d) Tomography Ans:b 21.Best imaging modality to diagnose liver mass is a) Plain film b) Angiography c) C. T. Scan d) Nuclear Scan Ans:d 22.Characteristics of Benign tumour of lung in X -ray is a) Size > 5 cms diameter b) Cavitation c) Peripheral location d) Concentric dense calcification. Ans:d 23.Scalloping of the edges of sigmoid colon on barium enema is seen in a) Diverticulitis b) Crohn's disease c) Pneumatosis intestinalis d) Ulcerative colitis Ans:c 24. Widening of the C loop in X-ray is diagnostic of a) Chronic pancreatitis b) Carcinoma head of pancreas c) Periampullary carcinoma d) Calculi in the ampulla of vater Ans:b 25. AH are features of Medulloblas toma except a) Radio resistant b) Highly radio sensitive c) Occurs in first decade d) Coarctation of aorta d)TDT Ans:a 26. Notching of ribs on X- ray is seen in a) PDA b) ASD c) Ebsteins anomaly d) Coarctation of aorta Ans:d 27. Contrast used for MRI a)GDPA b) Radium c) Iridium d)TDT Ans:a 28. Saw tooth appearance on abdominal X-ray is seen in a) Prediverticular state b) Multiple polyposis c) Spastic colon d) Ischemic enteritis Ans:b 29. Increased radiolucency of one sided hemithorax may be caused by all except a) Obstructive emphysema b) Pneumothorax c) Expiratory film d) Patient rotation Ans:c 30. Gas in biliary tract is not due to a) Perforated gastric ulcer b) Necrotizing enterocolitis c) Biliary surgery d) Post-gastrectomy Ans:a 31. Egg shell calcification in hilar region is seen in a) Penumoconiosis b) T. B. c) Sarcoidosis d) Aneurysms Ans:a 32. Basal ganglia calcification is not seen in a) Wilson's disease b) Berry anerurysm c) Cysticercosis d) Hemangioma Ans:a 33. Calcification of meniscal cartilage is a feature of a) Acromegaly b) Hyperparathyroidism c)Reiter's syndrome d) Pseudo gout Ans:d 34. Sun ray appearance is seen in a) Osteoclastoma b) Fibrous dysplasia c) Osteosarcoma d) Chondrosarcoma Ans:c 35. Investigation of choice in Traumatic paraplegia is a) MRI b) CT Scan c) Myelography d) Spine X - ray Ans:a 36. Interosseous skeletal tumour is best diagnosed by a) Plain X-ray b) NMR c) CT scan d) CT with scintiscan Ans:b 37. Notching of Ribs is seen in a) Tuberculosis b)VSD c) Coarctation of aorta d) Bronchiectasis Ans:c 38.Laminated appearance of X-ray is suggestive of a) Ewing's sarcoma b) Osteoid osteoma c) Osteoclastoma d) Multiple myeloma Ans:a 39.Full colonic preparation of Barium Enema is contra indicated in all except a) Acute exacerbation of ulcerative colitis b) Irritable bowel syndrome c) Hirschsprung's disease d) Colonic obstruction Ans:b 40.Right border of the heart in a chest X-ray, is not formed by a)fVC b)SVC c) Right atrium d) Aorta Ans:d 41. Pulmonary embolism is best diagnosed by a) X-ray chest b) Enzyme estimation c) Radionucleus d) Blood gas analysis Ans:c 42. Right lung is seen to best advantage on the following view a) Right posterior oblique b) Right anterior oblique c) Left anterior oblique d) Lateral Ans:b 43. Early change of pulmonary edema in CXR a) Batswing appearance b) Pleural effusion c) Kerley B lines d) Ground glass lung field Ans:c 44. Investigation to differentiate between pericardial effusion and heart dialation includes a) X-ray b) Fluoroscopy c) Echocardiogram d) CT scan Ans:c 45. Multiple translucent cysts on X- ray are found in the chest. Differential diagnosis includes all except a) Congenital diaphragmatic hernia b) Congential adenomatoid bronchogenic diseases c) Lobar agenesis d) Bilateral multiple cysts Ans:c 46. Onion peel appearance is seen in a) C iteoclastoma b) Chondrosarcoma c) Osteosarcoma d) Ewings sarcoma Ans:d 47. IVU is not done in a) Multiple myeloma b) Secondaries in bone c) Leukaemia d) Renal tumours Ans:a 48. When bones show a 'Bone within bone' appearance this is indicative of a) Sickle cell anemia b) Bone infarction c) Osteopetrosis d) Chronic myelogenous leukaemia Ans:c 49. The best view to visualize minimum pneumoperitoneum is a) Ap view of abdomen b) Erect film of abdomen c) Right lateral decubitus with horizontal beam d) Left lateral decubitus with horizontal team Ans:d 50. In fluorescein angiography, dye is injected in a) Anterior cubital vein b) Femoral artery c) Femoral vein d) Aorta Ans:a RADIOLOGY Objective Questions with Answers 51. All of the following are true about iodinated intravascular contrast media xcept a) They are used in digital subtraction angiography b) They are radio opaque c) They can cause anaphylactic reactions d) They are used in magnetic resonance imaging e) They are excreted mainly by the kidneys Ans:d 52. Rib notching is produced by a) Coarctation of Aorta b) Neurofibromatosis c) Superior vena caval obstruction d) All of the above Ans:d 53. Widening of the C loop in X- ray is diagnostic of a) Chronic pancreatitis b) Carcinoma head of pancreas c) Periampullary carcinoma d) Calculi in the ampulla of vater Ans:b 54. Which of the following is not a contra indication for I VP? a) Renal infection b) Hyperpyrexia c) Multiple myeloma d) Skeletal metastases Ans:d 55.Perihilar fluffy opacities on chest x-ray is seen in a) Pulmonary embolism b) Pericardial effusion c) Pulmonary arterial hypertension d) Pulmonary venous hypertension Ans:d 56.An aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva usually arise from a) Right aortic sinus b) Left aortic sinus c) Posterior aortic sinus d) pulmonary outflow tract e) Right ventricle Ans:a 57.Sequestration lung is best diagnosed by a)C.TScan b) M.R.I. c) Barium swallow d) Angiography Ans:d 58.Superior Orbital fissure best view is a) Plain AP view b) Cladwell c) Townes d) Basal view Ans:d 59.Which imaging method is ideal in evaluating hypertension ? a) Angiography b) Colour flow Doppler c) M. R. angio d) C. T scan Ans:c 60.Commonest cause of intracranial calcification is a) Pineal calcification b) Intracranial aneurysm c) Meningioma d) Tuberculoma Ans:a 61. Isotope used in myocardial perfusion scan is a) Technetium b) Thallium c) Stannous pyrophosphate d) Gallium Ans:b 62. Best diagnostic procedure in acute pancreatitis is a) CT Scan b) Ultrasound c) M. R. I. d) Pipida scan Ans:a 63. The most common cause of spontaneous pneumothorax is a) Rupture of subpleural blebs b) Pulmonary tuberculosis c) Bronchial adenoma d) Bronchogenic carcinoma Ans:a 64. Bull's eye lesion in ultrasonography is seen in a) Candidiasis b) Aspergillosis c) Sporotrichosis d) Cryptococcosis Ans:a 65. Newborn Chest x-ray with Respiratory distress shows multiple air containing lesions in Left Hemithorax and mediastinal shift is suggestive of a) Neonatal emphysema b) Diaphragmatic hernia c) Pneumatocele d) congential lung fcysts Ans:b 66. Radiologically appreciable earliest sign of osteomyelitis is a) Loss of muscle and fat planes b) Periosteal reaction c) Callus formation d) Presence of sequestrum Ans:a 67. Hilar dance on fluoroscopy is seen in a)ASD b)TOF c)VSD d)TGV Ans:a 68.Obliteration of Left heart border in PA chest X-ray is suggestive of a) Lingular pathology b) Left upper lobe lesion c) Left hilar lymph nodes d) Left lower lobe lesion Ans:a 69.Which of the following is the best test for screening a case of proximal internal carotid artery stenosis a) Digital subtraction angiography b) Magnetic resonance angiography c) colour Doppler ultrasonography d) CT angiogram Ans:c 70.In a case of renal failure with total anuria, ultrasound was found to be normal. Next line of investigation is a) Retrograde pyelography b) IVP c) Anterograde pyelography d) DTPA renogram Ans:b 71. In the plain film of the abdomen small bowel obstruction can be diagnosed by a) Central location b) Volvulae connivantes can be made out c) In the erect film, air fluid levels d) All of the above Ans:d 72.The following is not true of MRI a) Imaging perfusion of brain d) Superior to CT scan for bone scanning c) Blood vessels visualized without contrast b) presence of Hydrogen ions Ans:a 73.Hydrocephalus in children, first seen is a) Sutural diastesis b) Post clinoid erosion c) Large head d) Thinned out vault Ans:b 74. The characteristic X-ray feature of Pancoast tumour is a) Coin shadow b) Apical consolidation c) Apical mass lesion with erosion of neck of 1 & 2 ribs d) Hilar mass Ans:c 75.In nephrogram, one sees a) Renal capillaries b) Renal pelvis c) Only renal cortex d) Collecting tubules Ans:d 76.Ultrasonogram is not useful in a) CBD stones at the distal end of the CBD b) Breast cyst c) Ascites d) Full Bladder Ans:a 77.Suprasellar calcification is seen in a) Craniopharyngioma b) Meningioma c)Conray480 d) Conray 540 Ans:a 78.IVP is done using a)Conray240 b)Conray380 c) Calcified pineal gland d) Pituitary adenoma Ans:c 79. Calcification in Heart Wall is suggestive of a) Scleroderma b) Carcinoid Syndrome c) Fibroelastosis d) Endomyocardial ibrosis Ans:b 80.Contrast used in liver scan is a) Biligraffin b) 1131 Rose Bengal c) Gallium 238 d) Thallium 201 Ans:b 81.Best position for chest X-ray to detect Left Pleural effusion is a) Left lateral b) Supine c) Left lateral decubitus d) Right lateral decubitus Ans:c 82.The number of carpal bones seen in a radiograph of an infant is a)0 d)5 c)3 b)2 e)6 Ans:c 83.Investigation of choice to demonstrate vesico ureteric reflex a)IVP b) Ultra sound c) contrast MCU d) Cystoscopy Ans:c 84.Parallel shotgun appearance on ultrasound is seen in a) Portal hypertension b) Biliary ascariasis c) Obstructive jaundice d) Sclerosing cholangitis Ans:c 85.Radiolucent munilocular cyst of the body of mandible is a) Abscess d) Adamantinoma c) Dentigerous cyst d) Adamantinoma Ans:d 86)Best method of detecting minimal bronchiectasis is a) Abscess b) Dental cyst c) Dentigerous cyst d) Radio nuclide lung scan Ans:c 87.The photosensitive material used in X-rays films consists of a) Cellulite b) Silver bromide c) Zinc sulphide d) Cadmium tungstate Ans:b 88.Water lilly appearance in chest X-ray is suggestive of a) Bronchiectasis b) Bronchopleural fistula c) Hydatid cyst d)Sequestration cyst lung Ans:c 89. Retroperitoneal air is not manifested by air along a) Psoas margins b) Perinephric area c) Along spleen d) Adrenals Ans:c 90.The cause of homogenous opacity on X-ray is all except a) Pleural effusion b) Diaphragmatic Hernia c) Massive consolidation d)Emphysema Ans:d 91.1ntracranial calcification in skull X-rays may be a) Pineal calcifications b) Dural calcifications c) Cysticercosis d) All of the above Ans:d 93.Parasites that may show calcification on radiographs include a) Cysticercosis b) Guinea worm c)Amoebiasis d) Loa Loa Ans:a 94.Investigation of choice for Multiple sclerosis a) MRI b) CT Scan c) X-ray d)EEG Ans:a 95.Investigation of choice to diagnose sub arachnoid haemorrhage a) MRI angiography b) 4 vessel carotid angiography c) CT scan d) T2 wave MR Ans:b 96.Pulmonary embolism is best diagnosed by a)ECG b) Perfusion scan c) Angiography d) Plain X-ray Ans:c 97.Radiological signs of perforated viscus include a) Gas under the dome of the diagphram b) Falciform ligament is visualized c) Air surrounding the bowel is present d) All of the above Ans:d 98.Stryker's view is used in shoulder joint to visualize a) Muscle calcification b) Recurrent subluxation c) Sub acromial calcification d) Bicipital groove Ans:b 99. The investigation of choice in acute renal failure with complete anuria and normal USG a) Renal angiography b) DPTA c) IVP d) Retrograde pyelography Ans:b 100. 'H'shaped vertebra is seen in a) Phenylketonuria b) Sickle cell anemia c) Hemangioma d) Osteoporosis Ans:b RADIOLOGY Questions and Answers pdf Download Read the full article

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Iris Publishers_World Journal of Gynecology & Womens Health

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Ureteral Stenosis after Uterine Suspension Using TVM (Transvaginal Mesh)

Authored by Jier Zen Chang

Introduction

We report a rare case of ureteral stenosis after sacrospinous suspension. A 64-year-old post-menopausal female, G2P2, complained of a heavy sensation and the feeling of sitting on a ball, especially in the afternoon. Tracing back her previous surgical history, she had undergone a cesarean section and subtotal hysterectomy due to myoma with severe adhesion. A pelvic examination revealed total prolapse of the vaginal cervix with stage III cystocele. A urodynamic study revealed bladder outlet obstruction, and a pad test was 13g after restoring the vaginal cervix. Therefore, after explaining the risks and complications of surgery, Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) surgery including sacrospinous suspension (Upholds), mid-urethral sling surgery (Solyx) and anterior compartment repair was performed. Ten days after surgery, she returned to our hospital due to left costovertebral angle pain plus knocking tenderness. CT showed hydronephrosis without urolithiasis, and antegrade pyelography also showed ureteral stenosis in the lower third (Figure 1). After several attempts at stent insertion had failed, a urologist suggested re-implanting the ureter. The postoperative course was uneventful. Intravenous pyelography was performed 4 months after this surgery, and showed a patent left ureter.

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