#quantumalgorithms

[govindhtech]

How The Quantum Switch Confirms Indefinite Causal Order

Knowing Indefinite Causal Order

Classical philosophy says cause precedes effect. However, quantum mechanics allows events to occur in a superposition of possibilities, creating an indeterminate causal order. It appears events are not chronological.

Many consider the quantum switch, which applies two operations to a target system in a superposition of orders, the classic example. This theory has significant implications for quantum information processing problems like channel identification, query complexity, and communication over noisy channels.

The Need for Device-Independent Certification

Years of experimental experiments, including the quantum switch, have proven indefinite causal order using lab apparatus presumptions. A certification that is independent of the device is highly desired in order to provide more solid and persuasive verification of these phenomena.

By eliminating reliance on assumptions on the internal operations of the apparatus, this approach increases the validity of findings by depending solely on the statistics of measurement outcomes, much like the violation of a Bell inequality certifies Bell nonlocality. Prior studies had suggested that, when seen in isolation, the quantum switch might not be able to provide such device-independent certification.

A Theory Breakthrough: 2023 Nature Communications Tein van der Lugt, Jonathan Barrett, and Giulio Chiribella’s September 2023 publication in Nature Communications marked a major advancement towards device-independent certification. This study proposes a novel inequality to guarantee indefinite causal order in the quantum switch device-independently.

Their method adds a second spacelike-separated observer to the typical causal inequality scenario. The framework, which describes the DRF polytope as statistical correlations, has three main assumptions:

Definite Causal Order: A partial causal order between the four agents Alice 1 (A₁), Alice 2 (A₂), Bob (B), and Charlie (C) is defined by the premise that a hidden variable (λ) exists for every experiment run. Only in this order may causes spread.

Relativistic Causality: This weaker causality theory maintains the experiment's lightcone structure within the established causal ordering (λ). Charlie operates in Alice 1 and 2's future lightcone, ruling out retrocausation, while Bob's involvement is spacelike-separated, ruling out superluminal causation. This assumption and Free Interventions imply parameter independence for Bell's theorem, but the stronger Bell Locality is not imposed.

Free Interventions: According to this assumption, the agents’ measurement settings have no pertinent causes; they are contingent on λ and statistically independent of the results of agents that are not part of their causal future. This eliminates signals outside the causal sequence.

All correlations that meet these three requirements must satisfy a certain inequality that the researchers came up with (Theorem 1, known as Inequality 6 in the source). The inequality for binary settings and results is: p(b=0, a₂=x₁ | y=0) + p(b=1, a₁=x₂ | y=0) + p(b⊕c=yz | x₁=x₂=0) ≤ 7/4

They showed that the quantum switch violates this new inequality even if it does not break previously thought-of causal inequalities when isolated. With Alice’s measure-and-prepare instruments and a maximally entangled state between the control qubit (C) and Bob’s system (B) in their suggested configuration (Fig. 3 in the source), the quantum switch produces a value of roughly 1.8536, which is much higher than the classical limit of 7/4 (1.75).

In order for Bob and Charlie to violate a CHSH inequality, Bob’s outcome must be simultaneously correlated with Charlie’s measurements and the presumed causal order. This underpins this infringement. Since it distinguishes these inequalities from conventional causal inequalities, which can be broken by classical processes, this link to Bell nonlocality is essential.

Recent Experimental Verification: The 2025 Quantum

On June 23, 2025, Quantum News published an article about a new experimental confirmation of indefinite causal order that is device-independent, building on these theoretical developments and current research. The University of Vienna team led by Carla M. D. Lee A. Richter, Philip Walther, Huan Cao, Michael Antesberger, and Huan Cao. Rozema published a paper titled “Towards an Experimental Device-Independent Verification of Indefinite Causal Order” that described their progress.

Their work effectively used a technique that is completely independent of devices to demonstrate indefinite causal order. In order to create a situation where two events could occur in a superposition of ordering, this experiment used a quantum switch to guide photons over a network. The experimental violation of a Bell-like inequality, with a value of 2.78, was the main discovery.

The non-classical phenomena of indefinite causal order is statistically supported by this result, which surpasses the classical limit by an astounding 24 standard deviations. This study demonstrates that quantum systems are capable of displaying behaviours in which the temporal sequence of events is not fixed.

Implications for Quantum Technology and Fundamental Physics Wide-ranging effects result from these developments in the confirmation of indeterminate causal order. Practically speaking, modifying causal structures may open up new computing paradigms that could improve the capabilities of quantum algorithms and result in the development of more secure and effective quantum communication protocols.

Although the majority of existing quantum switch

implementations rely on optical interferometric setups, it is still up for discussion whether these experiments actually achieve the quantum switch or only imitate it from a fundamental physics standpoint. Even yet, experimental violations of these novel device-independent inequalities may limit the range of plausible, observationally consistent theories of quantum gravity.

In order to better understand the interaction between indefinite causal order and other quantum effects, future research will try to scale up similar experiments to more complicated systems.The certification method, which was motivated by recent findings in Wigner’s friend situations, also implies that it may be used to the certification of other quantum phenomena. The effort to fully utilise quantum causality’s strange yet potent character for upcoming technology advancements and a better comprehension of reality is still ongoing.

[ailifehacks]

AI in Quantum Computing: Advancing Quantum Algorithm Development for Enhanced Computational Power

AI in Quantum Computing is revolutionizing quantum algorithm development to enhance quantum performance and drive the future of computation. AI in Quantum Computing is one of the most promising frontiers in modern science and technology across the developed world. As classical computing reaches its limits, quantum computing offers powerful new opportunities for solving problems intractable to…

[fraoula1]

The Quantum Revolution: How Quantum Computing is Changing the Future!

Quantum computing is set to transform the world as we know it! Unlike classical computers that use bits (0s and 1s), quantum computers leverage qubits, superposition, and entanglement to solve complex problems exponentially faster. In this video, we break down:

✅ What quantum computing is

✅ How it works

✅ Real-world applications in drug discovery, finance, and materials science

✅ The challenges and future of this groundbreaking technology

Join us as we explore how quantum computing will redefine industries and unlock new possibilities! Subscribe for more tech insights!

[hassan352]

### The Role of Quantum Computing in Shaping the Future of Technology

[market-insider]

How the Quantum Computing Market is Redefining Technology

The global quantum computing market size is anticipated to reach USD 4.24 billion by 2030, registering a CAGR of 20.1% from 2024 to 2030, according to a new report by Grand View Research, Inc. Quantum computing is an emerging field with the potential to revolutionize various industries and computing paradigms. While the market for quantum computing is dynamic and subject to rapid changes, several global growth trends have been shaping up its dynamics.

Investments from governments, tech giants, and venture capitalists in quantum research and development are crucial for the advancement of quantum technology. These investments support research efforts, enable the development of cutting-edge hardware and software, and drive innovation across various industries. Quantum technology is highly complex and requires significant resources for research and development. These investments help accelerate progress by providing funding for experimental work, the recruitment of top talent, and access to advanced research facilities. For instance, in November 2023, the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) awarded Phase 2 funding to Rigetti Computing. This potential grant, amounting to USD 1.5 million, is intended to support Rigetti Computing in developing benchmarks for assessing the performance of large-scale quantum computers in real-world applications.

Quantum hardware, including quantum processors and qubit architectures, has been continuously improving. Researchers are working to increase the number of qubits and improve qubit quality, making quantum computers more powerful and reliable. Moreover, the hybrid approach, combining quantum and classical computing, has gained traction. This approach allows for practical problem-solving by harnessing the strengths of both quantum and classical computers.

Quantum cloud services have become more prevalent, making quantum computing resources accessible to a wider audience. These services offer scalability, convenience, and affordability for researchers and businesses. Quantum cloud services allow users to pay for quantum computing resources on a usage-based model, similar to traditional cloud computing services. This pay-as-you-go approach can be more cost-effective than purchasing and maintaining quantum hardware, especially for organizations that have sporadic or variable quantum computing requirements.

North American tech giants, including IBM, Google, Microsoft, and startups such as Rigetti and IonQ, were actively involved in quantum computing research and development. These companies were competing to develop more powerful quantum hardware and software solutions. Quantum software development was a growing trend in the region. Developers and software companies in the region were actively engaged in creating quantum algorithms, programming tools, and applications for various industries.

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Quantum Computing Market Report Highlights

Based on offering, the system segment dominated the market with a revenue share of over 64.2% in 2023. The service segment, on the other hand, is expected to register the fastest CAGR during the forecast period, attributed to the increasing number of startups investing in R&D related to quantum computing technology.

Based on deployment, the cloud segment is projected to account for a larger market share than the on-premises segment from 2024 to 2030

Based on application, the optimization segment held the largest revenue share of 30.8% in 2023. By leveraging the power and speed of quantum computing, an organization can optimize their operation, improve its decision-making, and reduce costs.

Europe dominated the market with a revenue share of 34.2% in 2023. The region witnessed the emergence of several startup and spinoff companies focused on companies focused on quantum computing

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We have segmented the global quantum computing market based on offering, deployment, application, end-user, and region.

[rightanswer-net]

Quantum computing is revolutionizing technology by leveraging the principles of quantum mechanics to solve complex problems faster than classical computers. Discover its fundamentals, applications, and future impact.

[delibugle]

Unleashing the Power of Quantum Computing:Description

Quantum computing represents a paradigm shift in computational capabilities, harnessing the principles of quantum mechanics to perform calculations that were once thought impossible. This transformative technology has the potential to revolutionize fields ranging from cryptography and optimization to drug discovery and materials science. for more info https://delibugle.in/benefits-of-quantum-computing-innovations/

[white-crow-brand]

What is Quantum Health Insurance?

In recent years, the healthcare landscape has witnessed a groundbreaking evolution with the emergence of Quantum Health Insurance. This innovative approach to insurance leverages the principles of quantum mechanics and cutting-edge technologies like AI and Big Data to provide personalized, efficient, and cost-effective healthcare solutions Read the full article

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Are you fascinated by the realm of quantum mechanics and the potential it holds for revolutionizing computing? If so, you're not alone! Quantum computing, the cutting-edge technology that harnesses the principles of quantum mechanics to process information, has captured the attention of tech enthusiasts worldwide. As the demand for skilled quantum computing professionals rises, the need for advanced learning institutes becomes paramount. In this regard, APTRON Solutions proudly stands as a pioneering Quantum Computing Institute in Noida, offering top-notch training to meet the challenges of tomorrow's computational world. APTRON offers a comprehensive quantum computing program that prepares students to shape the future of computing. Embrace the opportunity to be part of this transformative journey at APTRON Solutions and unlock your potential in the quantum era.

[therealmattnappo]

Is Quantum Computing Opening Doors To Parallel Universes?

[govindhtech]

Fusion-Based Quantum Computation With Photonic Quantum

Long known that a scalable, fault-tolerant quantum computer requires millions of physical qubits and advanced error correction. Photonic quantum computing, which encodes quantum information using photons (light particles), is one of the most promising pathways and is making remarkable progress, notably with Fusion-Based Quantum Computation. Studies and technological advances bring error-corrected quantum processing with light closer than ever.

Knowing Fusion-Based Quantum Computation

FBQC, a quantum computation method, uses photons and “fusion” processes to build complicated entangled states for quantum algorithms. FBQC accumulates entangled resources using ‘fusion’ measurements, unlike other quantum computing models that use gate-by-gate applications. This method is ideal for photonic systems since photons' low noise has been crucial to the early demonstrations of superposition, entanglement, and logic gates. Large-scale photonic quantum computing has been problematic because it requires several components that outperform the most modern conventional integrated photonics, such as highly efficient single-photon detectors and complicated integrated systems.

A Photonic Platform for FBQC

The establishment of a scalable photon-based quantum computing platform using silicon photonics manufacturing is a huge accomplishment. With a fully integrated 300-mm silicon photonics process flow, this platform designed with GlobalFoundries ensures scalability and performance similar to high-volume commercial setups.

Important components and their performance are crucial for FBQC:

High-Fidelity Heralded Single-Photon Sources (HSPS): These sources are essential to FBQC and use spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) to generate a photon's pair probabilistically. The platform achieved coincidence-to-accidentals ratios of up to 3,000 for single-photon production on-chip. The initial sources have a spectral purity of 99.5% ± 0.1% without filtration.

Photonic quantum computing uses high-efficiency photon detection to indicate quantum state formation. Niobium nitride (NbN) layers enable high-performance superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) with 93.4% median on-chip detection efficiency.

With an average SPAM fidelity of 99.98% ± 0.01%, the platform proficiently prepares and measures single, path-encoded qubits. Great fidelity is needed for quantum processes to be accurate.

Quantum modules must be networked to scale beyond a single chip. With a point-to-point qubit network, the platform achieved a Pauli transfer matrix fidelity of 99.72% ± 0.04% for qubits delivered over 42 meters of optical fibre. Telecommunications-wavelength photonic qubits can transmit without quantum translation.

High-Visibility HOM measures photon interference between two on-chip sources with 99.50% ± 0.25% visibility, setting a new standard for photonic quantum computation.

High-Fidelity Two-Qubit Fusion: FBQC's eponymous operation, Bell fusion, projects onto two-qubit Bell states. The platform demonstrated a fidelity of 99.22% ± 0.12% with the ideal Bell state.

Fault-Tolerant, Low-Overhead FBQC

The baseline technology performs well, but significant improvements are needed to enable “useful” fault-tolerant quantum computing, especially in component loss and deterministic operations. This is where blocklet concatenation and other advanced error correction methods help.

PsiQuantum's Daniel Litinski and colleagues have released research on FBQC-specific “blocklet concatenation” methods. These protocols aim for fault-tolerant operation with reduced overheads than surface codes.

Key elements of this improved error correction include:

Blocklets: This developing technology encodes a single logical qubit, the fundamental, protected unit of quantum information, into multiple physical qubits to reduce error risk and enable modular and scalable architectures.

Code Distance: This crucial metric reveals how few physical qubit errors are needed to cause a wrong logical state. The research conjecture is that the code distance scales favourably with the product of the inner and product code distances raised to L-2. The blocklet code design has L layers.

Numerical simulations indicate subthreshold scaling, supporting the hypothesised link between minimum-weight errors and code distance. This is important because it shows that the code can rectify errors even when the physical error rate is below a threshold, which is required for actual quantum computing. Using 8, 10, and 12-qubit resource states, researchers developed protocol families with 13.8%, 19.1%, and 11.5% erasure thresholds. Erasure threshold, the greatest physical error rate at which these codes can consistently retrieve quantum information, illustrates their practicality.

Footprint Scaling: The resource cost per logical qubit, or "footprint," scales favourably. Unlike surface codes, which require many physical qubits to encode a single logical qubit, this may save resources.

The work proposes applying similar protocols to other quantum computing platforms in addition to photonic hardware, including logical operations, decoding, and implementation.

Technological Advances for FBQC Systems

The report lists several next-generation elements and technologies needed for fault-tolerant quantum computing:

SiN Waveguides with Low Loss: SiN waveguides have a lower refractive index contrast and greater confinement and manufacturing sensitivity than silicon-on-insulator waveguides. Their multimode waveguide losses are as low as 0.5 ± 0.3 dB m⁻¹.

Cascaded Resonator Sources, also known as fabrication-tolerant photon sources, address cryogenic thermal dissipation and pump power issues. A 24-resonator device achieved >99% two-source indistinguishability over a ±400-pm resonance shift, with 99.35% purity and remarkable manufacturing stability.

Super-efficient photon-number-resolving detectors Unlike single-photon detectors, PNRDs can distinguish low photon numbers, allowing FBQC to exclude higher-order photon number states and detect unwanted events. PNRDs with waveguides can resolve four photons and have 98.9% median on-chip detection efficiency with five unit cells.

Low-Loss Fibre-to-Chip Coupling: Practical fibre networking requires reducing loss when coupling optical fibres to photonic chips. New edge coupler designs for high-numerical aperture fibre exhibit coupling losses of 52 ± 12 mdB.

Fast electro-optic switches (BTO) are needed to overcome fusion gate and spontaneous source non-determinism. Barium Titanate (BTO) as an electro-optic phase shifter with high Pockels values allows the creation of vast, low-loss switching networks. The half-wave loss-voltage product is 0.33 ± 0.02 dB.V.

The Way Forward

FBQC approaches may tolerate 1% per-qubit fusion network faults and 10% optical loss between photon generation and detection. The shown feature-complete collection of optical components with optical losses of several percent or less and fully integrated circuits with sub-percent error levels is a big step.

The adaptable and industrially producible quantum photonic platform offers a scalable path to fault-tolerant quantum computers, but material and component losses, filter performance, and detector efficiency must improve. FBQC, underpinned by a robust stack of photonic technologies, is dramatically transforming quantum computation and opening the door to solve previously unsolvable problems in many industries.

[astudentoftechyt]

Can Quantum Computers Predict the Future? #quantum #computers How Quantum Computers Predict the Future #quantumalgorithms #machinelearning #futurepredictions What if we could predict tomorrow - today? In this video, I explore whether quantum computers can actually forecast future events by analyzing massive data with mind-blowing speed and precision. I dive into superposition, quantum entanglement, and quantum AI to uncover how this tech might revolutionize fields like finance, weather prediction, healthcare, and even ethics. Could quantum forecasting truly reshape how we make decisions? That’s what I’m here to find out. I break down how quantum computing works, why it's different from classical computing, and what real-world problems it might solve - all in a way that’s easy to understand. 🔗 Stay Connected With Us. 🔔𝐃𝐨𝐧'𝐭 𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐠𝐞𝐭 𝐭𝐨 𝐬𝐮𝐛𝐬𝐜𝐫𝐢𝐛𝐞 𝐭𝐨 𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐧𝐞𝐥 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐦𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐮𝐩𝐝𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐬. https://www.youtube.com/@AStudentofTech?sub_confirmation=1 📩 For business inquiries: kadams22.ka@gmail.com ============================= 🎬Suggested videos for you: ▶️ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AtB2h8UQ2hU ▶️ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mcxiWJhW7JI ▶️ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JQ9Ab97lRTc ▶️ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vOLsBfbwXrk ▶️ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qp5DiaBgoV4 ================================= 🔎 Related Phrases: Can Quantum Computers Predict the Future, Quantum, How Quantum Computers Predict The Future, Quantum Computing Explained For Beginners, Future Of AI And Quantum Computing, Real World Uses Of Quantum Computers, Quantum Computing And Machine Learning, What Is Quantum Superposition, Predictive Modeling With Quantum Computers, Quantum Vs Classical Computers, How Does Quantum Computing Work #quantumcomputing #predictiveai #futuretech #quantumforecast #aifuture #superposition #computer #research #computers https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fp9yuUGTYFY via A Student of Tech https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCgzpMd1eNQm8IDFHlJMhBbA May 09, 2025 at 06:00AM

[astudentoftech]

Can Quantum Computers Predict the Future? #quantum #computers How Quantum Computers Predict the Future #quantumalgorithms #machinelearning #futurepredictions What if we could predict tomorrow - today? In this video, I explore whether quantum computers can actually forecast future events by analyzing massive data with mind-blowing speed and precision. I dive into superposition, quantum entanglement, and quantum AI to uncover how this tech might revolutionize fields like finance, weather prediction, healthcare, and even ethics. Could quantum forecasting truly reshape how we make decisions? That’s what I’m here to find out. I break down how quantum computing works, why it's different from classical computing, and what real-world problems it might solve - all in a way that’s easy to understand. 🔗 Stay Connected With Us. 🔔𝐃𝐨𝐧'𝐭 𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐠𝐞𝐭 𝐭𝐨 𝐬𝐮𝐛𝐬𝐜𝐫𝐢𝐛𝐞 𝐭𝐨 𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐧𝐞𝐥 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐦𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐮𝐩𝐝𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐬. https://www.youtube.com/@AStudentofTech?sub_confirmation=1 📩 For business inquiries: kadams22.ka@gmail.com ============================= 🎬Suggested videos for you: ▶️ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AtB2h8UQ2hU ▶️ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mcxiWJhW7JI ▶️ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JQ9Ab97lRTc ▶️ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vOLsBfbwXrk ▶️ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qp5DiaBgoV4 ================================= 🔎 Related Phrases: Can Quantum Computers Predict the Future, Quantum, How Quantum Computers Predict The Future, Quantum Computing Explained For Beginners, Future Of AI And Quantum Computing, Real World Uses Of Quantum Computers, Quantum Computing And Machine Learning, What Is Quantum Superposition, Predictive Modeling With Quantum Computers, Quantum Vs Classical Computers, How Does Quantum Computing Work #quantumcomputing #predictiveai #futuretech #quantumforecast #aifuture #superposition #computer #research #computers https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fp9yuUGTYFY via A Student of Tech https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCgzpMd1eNQm8IDFHlJMhBbA May 09, 2025 at 06:00AM

[knowledge-wale]

Breakthrough in Quantum Computing: IBM's Eagle Processor

IBM recently unveiled a significant leap in quantum computing with its 127-qubit "Eagle" processor, marking a substantial technical milestone. Unlike traditional computers that use bits as 0s and 1s, quantum computers operate on qubits, which can exist in multiple states simultaneously, thanks to superposition. The Eagle processor surpasses the 100-qubit barrier, making it the most powerful quantum chip to date.

This leap brings us closer to quantum supremacy, where quantum machines can solve problems in seconds that would take classical computers thousands of years. IBM’s Eagle uses advanced architecture to reduce quantum errors, a major challenge in the field, and demonstrates an unprecedented capability to simulate complex molecules, which could revolutionize fields like drug discovery, cryptography, and artificial intelligence.

IBM aims to integrate this processor into its Quantum System One, offering cloud-based access for enterprises looking to harness quantum power. This development places quantum computing on the verge of real-world applications, promising breakthroughs in optimization problems, cryptographic systems, and AI training. https://www.knowledgewale.com/search/label/Technology

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[jack85200]

#QuantumComputing #QuantumPhysics #AITechnology #QuantumAlgorithms #QuantumInnovations