#rudolf cunningham

[imadumdumjewel]

Adorable fowlxham family stuff x3

(…sorry that Tulip appears in NONE of these pics physically lol)

[lordfregswriteblog]

I’m gonna give you Henry and Rudolf this time. Two boys trying to game with their respective dads!

Yesssss!!!!! I love this request so muchhhh!!! ——————✧◦♡◦✧—————— type: ✮request!✮ genre: ✮ shenanigans!✮ fandom: ✮RC9GN & 9GD✮ character(s): ✮Randy Cunningham, Howard Wienerman, Rudolf Cunningham & Henry Wienerman✮ crossovers?: ✮nope!✮ tags: @imadumdumjewel ——————✧◦♡◦✧—————— It was an average Saturday afternoon, Rudolf and Henry were gaming via a talking platform called “Discourse”. It was really getting heated.

“You suck at this game, Henry!”

“Well, maybe if you weren’t being such a loot-goblin, then we would have more kills!”

“It’s not my fault you always die and I need to revive you! Maybe if we’re actually watching what you doing then we wouldn’t be behind the other team!” Rudolf accused.

“Oh, common!” Henry shouted, falling back on to his bed after he died again, trying to capture the flag of the enemy team’s.

“Ugh, we’re not getting anywhere arguing,” Rudolf scoffed, “I think it’s time to call in the big guns.”

“You don’t mean….” Henry shot up, talking into his mic attached to his headset. 

“Ooooh yeah,” Rudolf said menacingly, “The only players we know better then us…”

“Oh no,” Henry huffed.

“DAAAAAAAAADDD!!” Rudolf called from his room, “I NEED YOUR HEEELLPPP!!” “Yea, what is it, son?” Randy asked, walking into Rudolf’s room.

“Well, we’re having a hard time with this game and-”

“Wait, is that Modern Warfare 2?” Rudolf was interrupted by his father leaning over his desk to see his computer.

“Why, yes it is, father.” Rudolf answered annoyed.

“Oh, I’m a pro at this game,” Randy said, reaching his hand out to take the controller, “Lemme see.”

“Hey, Dad,” Henry shyly asked, “Can you help me out?”

“With what?” Howard asked, “I’m kinda busy right now.”

“Well, Rudolf, Randy and me are having some trouble-”

“Wait, Cunningham?” Howard asked, rushing to the gaming device.

After the dads were all set up, the two kids unmuted.

“Cunningham?!”

“Howard?!”

“Oh boy,” Randy said confidently, “Prepare to go down!”

“The only thing that’s going down is your ego!” Howard remarked.

“Now it’s really on!” Randy shouted.

After a long battle of team death match and capture the flag it ultimately came up as a draw.

“Guess you’re not as rusty as I thought.” Howard pointed out.

“Wait, what do you mean by that?” Randy asked concerned.

“Oh, nothing,” Howard laughed.

 ——————✧◦♡◦✧—————— BONUS!

“You think they’re going to stop any time soon?” Henry asked, sharing a bag of chips with Rudolf, as he had came over an hour earlier.

“Nope,” Rudolf said flatly as he shoved more chips into his mouth, “almighty as well get used to fending for ourselves.”

——————✧◦♡◦✧—————— Hope you enjoyed!

[andrevasims]

1980s Horror Film Character Names

I totally forgot I’d started making this last year! I think I never posted it because I wanted to find more names, but there’s already a decent amount and I don’t feel like being that tedious about names right now lol.

It’s first & last names (separated for mix & match potential) of characters from iconic late 1970s & 1980s horror movies. I think I started looking for cheesier B-movies to pull from, but yeah it’s been a whole year so I forget.

First Names

Alice Allen Allison Ally Amy Angela Annie Arnie Artie Axel Barry Bill Billy Bobby Brady Brenda Brent Brett Brooke Buddy Burt Buzz Carol Anne Carter Casey Charley Charlie Chili Christine Chuck Cindy Courtney Craig Cynthia Dana Darcy Debbie Demi Dennis Diane Donna Doug Doyle Duane Elaine Ellie Emma Ernie Ferdy Foster Gary Gene George Gerald Ginny Glen Hal Hank Helen Jack Jackie Jake Jason Jeff Jennifer Jerry Jesse Jimmy Joanne Jodi Joe Joey John Johnny Judd Judy Kate Katherine Kathy Katie Kelly Ken Kenny Kim Kimberly Kristen Larry Laurie Lea Leigh Lenny Leroy Linda Lisa Liz Lynn Marci Marcia Marcie Mark Mary Lou Masen Max Meg Megan Mel Melissa Mike Molly Monica Nancy Ned Neil Nick Nicki Nikki Patti Patty Paul Paula Peter Phoebe Polly Rachel Ralph Reilly Rennie Richie Rick Ricky Rob Rod Roland Ronnie Roy Ruby Rudolf Rudy Russ Sally Sandy Sara Sarah Shane Sharon Sheila Shelly Sissy Steve Steven Susie Suzie Tad Taryn Teddy Terri Tina Toby Tom Jesse Tommy Tracy Trish Valerie Vic Vickie Vicky Warren Wendy Wes Will

Last Names

Andrews Angelo Badger Baker Barnes Barrington Bates Baxter Beringer Brand Brewster Bringsley Brown Burke Burns Cabot Camber Carrington Cassidy Caulfield Challis Clarke Cole Cologne Corben Corvino Costic Crusel Cunningham Daigler Dandrige Daniels Darnell Darrinco Deagle Dier Doyle Duke Dumpkin Duncan Essmont Evans Field Franklin Freeling Frye Futterman Garris Garth Geiger Graham Gray Grimbridge Guilder Halavex Hammond Hanniger Hardy Harper Hawes Holland Hopkins Jachson Jarvis Jessup Junkins Kemp Kessler Kincaid Kopecky Kupfer Lane Lantz LeBay Lynch Lynn Macauley Maloney McBride McFadden McGregor McNichol Meeker Meisel Mercer Morgan Mott Nagle Nessler Newby Palmer Parker Parks Parsley Pataki Peltzer Penmark Perry Pervier Powers Priswell Repperton Richards Shote Spool Stanton Stark Statler Stavinski Steele Stevens Strauber Strode Sykes Taylor Thomas Thompson Thorn Toomey Trenton Vanders Venable Walsh Warner Weatherall Webber White

[kwebtv]

Beggars and Choosers - Showtime - 6/19/1999 - 12/12/2000

Comedy / Drama (42 episodes)

Running Time:  60 minutes

Stars:

Brian Kerwin as Rob Malone

Charlotte Ross as Lori Volpone

Tuc Watkins as Malcolm Laffley

Christina Hendricks as Kelly Kramer

Isabella Hofmann as Cecile Malone

William McNamara as Brad Advail

Paul Provenza as Parker Meridian

Keegan Connor Tracy as Audrey Malone

Bill Morey as Emory “E.L.” Luppin

Carol Kane as Lydia “L.L.” Luddin

Sherri Saum as Casey Lenox

Beau Bridges as Dan Falco

Alex Zahara as Wayne

Ben Bass as Brian Peske

Colin Cunningham as Herb Kolodny

Rudolf Martin as Nicky Krasnakov

Klodyne Rodney as Latitia Martinez

Kaj-Erik Eriksen as Carey Malone

[pineappleciders]

Hii is it ok for you to doodle my Cunningham siblings Rudolf and Tulip?

they r very skrunkly!! love the art style btw

[weirdletter]

Diseases of the Head: Essays on the Horrors of Speculative Philosophy, edited by Matt Rosen, Punctum Books, 2020. Cover design by Vincent W.J. van Gerven Oei, info and freeebook version: punctumbooks.com.

Diseases of the Head is an anthology of essays from contemporary philosophers, artists, and writers working at the crossroads of speculative philosophy and speculative horror. At once a compendium of multivocal endeavors, a breviary of supposedly illicit ponderings, and a travelogue of philosophical exploration, this collection centers itself on the place at which philosophy and horror meet. Employing rigorous analysis, incisive experimentation, and novel invention, this anthology asks about the use that speculation can make of horror and horror of speculation, about whether philosophy is fictional or fiction philosophical, and about the relationship between horror, the exigencies of our world and time, and the future developments that may await us in philosophy itself. From philosophers working on horrific themes, to horror writers influenced by heresies in the wake of post-Kantianism, to artists engaged in projects that address monstrosity and alienation, Diseases of the Head aims at nothing less than a speculative coup d’état. Refusing both total negation and absolute affirmation, refusing to deny everything or account for everything, refusing the posture of critique and the posture of all-encompassing unification, this collection of essays aims at exposition and construction, analysis and creation – it desires to fight for some thing, but not everything, and not nothing. And it desires, most of all, to speak from the position of its own insufficiency, its own partiality, its own under-determinacy, which is always indicative of the practice of thinking, of speculation. Considering themes of anonymity, otherness and alterity, the gothic, extinction and the world without us, the end times, the apocalypse, the ancient and the world before us, and the uncanny or unheimlich, among other motifs, this anthology seeks to articulate the cutting edge which can be found at the intersection of speculative philosophy and speculative horror.

Contents: Introduction: On Diseases of the Head – Matt Rosen Outgrown Purpose, Outlived Use: On Parasitic Teleology – Ben Woodard Death of Horror – Amanda Beech Those Who Are Not Counted: For a Theory of Generic Affliction – Matt Rosen Horror of the Real: H.P. Lovecraft’s Old Ones and Contemporary Speculative Philosophy – David Peak Triangulorum – Sara Rich Race and Its Far-Reaching Contemporary Ontological and Epistemological Implications – Marina Gržinić and Jovita Pristovšek Absolute Xenogenesis: Speculations on an Unnatural History of Life – Eckardt Lindner Survival Strategies for Weird Times – Helen Marshall Matrix pavoris: Material Dislocation in House of Leaves – Luka Bekavac Encountering Weird Objects: Lovecraft, LARP, and Speculative Philosophy – Chloé Germaine Buckley Sublime Horror in the Tales of E.T.A. Hoffmann” – Hamad Al-Rayes When the Monstrous Object Becomes a Tremendous Non-Event: Rudolf Otto’s Monster-Gods, H.P. Lovecraft’s Cthulhu, and Graham Harman’s Theory of Everything – Eric Wilson Reproducing It: Speculative Horror and the Limits of the Inhuman – John Cunningham Horror vacui (“That nothing is what there is”) – Julia Hölzl Contributors

[thearrangment-phff]

Guest List Part 2

*Disclaimer- If you are looking at this list for a complete list of Isabella’s family many family members without titles were not included. Many distant family members were not included on both sides of the family.

Bride's Family

Archduke Carl Christian and Archduchess Marie Astrid, parents of the bride

Archduchess Marie Christine, Countess of Limburg-Stirum and Count Rodolphe de Limburg-Stirum, sister and brother in law of the bride

Count Leopold de Limburg-Stirum, nephew of the bride

Count Constantin de Limburg-Stirum, nephew of the bride

Count Gabriel de Limburg-Stirum, nephew of the bride

Archduke Imre and Archduchess Kathleen of Austria, brother and sister-in-law of the bride

Archduchess Maria Stella of Austria, niece of the bride

Archduchess Magdalena of Austria, niece of the bride

Archduke Christoph and Archduchess Adelaide of Austria, brother and sister-in-law of the bride

Archduchess Katarina of Austria, niece of the bride

Archduke Alexander of Austria, brother of the bride

Archduchess Gabriella of Austria, sister of the bride

Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, grandfather of the bride

The Grand Duke and Grand Duchess of Luxembourg, aunt and uncle of the bride

The Hereditary Grand Duke and Grand Duchess of Luxembourg, cousin of the bride and his wife

Prince Felix and Princess Claire of Luxembourg, cousin of the bride and his wife

Princess Amalia of Nassau, first cousin once removed of the bride

Prince Liam of Nassau, first cousin once removed of the bride

Prince Louis of Luxembourg, cousin of the bride

Prince Gabriel of Nassau, first cousin once removed of the bride

Prince Noah of Nassau, first cousin once removed of the bride

Princess Alexandra of Luxembourg, cousin of the bride

Prince Sebastien of Luxembourg, cousin of the bride

Prince Jean of Luxembourg and Countess Diane of Nassau, uncle and aunt of the bride

*Prince Jean's ex-wife Helene was also invited, former aunt of the bride by marriage

Princess Marie Gabrielle of Nassau, cousin of the bride

Prince Constantin of Nassau, cousin of the bride

Prince Wenceslas of Nassau, cousin of the bride

Prince Carl-Johan of Nassau, cousin of the bride

Princess Margaretha and Prince Nikolaus of Liechtenstein, aunt and uncle of the bride

Princess Maria Anunciata of Liechtenstein, cousin of the bride

Princess Marie Astrid of Liechtenstein, cousin of the bride

Prince Josef-Emmanuel of Liechtenstein, cousin of the bride

Prince Guillaume and Princess Sibilla of Luxembourg, uncle and aunt of the bride

Prince Paul Louis of Nassau, cousin of the bride

Prince Leopold of Nassau, cousin of the bride

Princess Charlotte of Nassau, cousin of the bride

Prince Jean of Nassau, cousin of the bride

Archduchess Yolande of Austria, grandmother of the bride

Archduke Rudolf and Archduchess Helene of Austria, uncle and aunt of the bride

Archduke Carl Christian of Austria, cousin of the bride

Archduchess Zita of Austria, first-cousin-once-removed

Archduchess Priscilla of Austria, cousin of the bride

Archduke Johannes of Austria, cousin of the bride

Archduke Thomas of Austria, cousin of the bride

Archduchess Marie des Neiges of Austria, cousin of the bride

Archduke Franz Ludwig of Austria, cousin of the bride

Archduke Michael of Austria, cousin of the bride

Archduke Joseph of Austria, cousin of the bride

Archduchess Alexandra of Austria, aunt of the bride

Archduchess Maria Constanza, aunt of the bride

Princess Ladislaya von Aueresperg, cousin of the bride

Princess Eleonora von Auersperg, cousin of the bride

Other descendants of Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg

Princess Anna von Hohenberg and Count Andreas von Bardeau, first-cousin-once-removed of the bride and her second husband

Gaetan de La Poeze, Count d'Harambure, 2nd cousin of the bride

Alix de La Loeze, Countess d'Harambure and Francois-Xavier Fraye, 2nd cousin of the bride and her husband

Gabriel de La Loeze, Count d'Harambure, 2nd cousin of the bride

Raoul de La Loeze, Count d'Harambure, 2nd cousin of the bride

Princess Sophie von Hohenberg and Jean-Louis de Potesta, first-cousin-once-removed of the bride and her husband

Eleonore de Potesta, 2nd cousin of the bride

Baron Charles de Potesta, 2nd cousin of the bride

Elizabeth de Potesta, 2nd cousin of the bride

Johanna von Hoehenberg, widow of the first-cousin-once-removed of the bride

Countess Laura Henckel von Donnersmarck, 2nd cousin of the bride

Countess Marie Henckel von Donnersmarck, 2nd cousin of the bride

Count Ludwig Henckel von Donnersmarck, 2nd cousin of the bride

Count Albrecht Henckel von Donnersmarck, 2nd cousin of the bride

Count Heinreich Henckel von Donnersmarck, first-cousin-once-removed of the bride

Count Tassilo Henckel von Dommersmarck, 2nd cousin of the bride

Countess Charlotte Henckel von Donnersmarck and Graf Christoph Johannes von Meran, first-cousin-once-removed of the bride and her husband

Count Johannes von Meran, 2nd cousin of the bride

Countess Anna von Meran, 2nd cousin of the bride

Countess Camilla von Meran, 2nd cousin of the bride

Princess Marie Gabriele of Luxembourg, Dowager Countess of Holstein-Ledreborg, great-aunt of the bride

Monica, 8th Countess of Holstein-Ledreborg and Henri de Dompierre de Jonquieres, first-cousin-once-removed of the bride and her husband

The Hereditary Countess of Holstein-Ledreborg and Martin Bergsøe, first-cousin-once-removed of the bride and her husband

*The Hereditary Countess' first husband Prince Eric of Bourbon-Parma was also invited

Princess Antonia of Bourbon-Parma, 2nd cousin of the bride

Princess Marie Gabrielle of Bourbon-Parma, 2nd cousin of the bride

Princess Alexia of Bourbon-Parma, 2nd cousin of the bride

Prince Michel of Bourbon-Parma, 2nd cousin of the bride

Prince Henri of Bourbon-Parma, 2nd cousin of the bride

Countess Veronica of Holstein-Ledreborg, first-cousin-once-removed of the bride

Countess Silvia of Holstein-Ledreborg, first-cousin-once-removed of the bride

Countess Camilla of Holstein-Ledreborg, first-cousin-once-removed of the bride

Baron Nicolas Bertouch-Lehn til Højbygaard-Lungholm, 2nd cousin of the bride

Baron Philip Bertouch-Lehn til Højbygaard-Lungholm, 2nd cousin of the bride

Countess Tatiana of Holstein-Ledreborg, first-cousin-once-removed of the bride

Countess Antonia of Holstein-Ledreborg

Princess Charlotte of Luxembourg and Marc-Victor Cunningham, first-cousin-once-removed of the bride and her husband

Charles Cunningham, 2nd cousin of the bride

Louis Cunningham, 2nd cousin of the bride

Donnall Cunningham, 2nd cousin of the bride

Prince Robert of Luxembourg, first-cousin-once-removed of the bride

Princess Charlotte of Nassau, 2nd cousin of the bride

Prince Alexandre of Nassau, 2nd cousin of the bride

Prince Frederik of Nassau, 2nd cousin of the bride

Alix, Dowager Princess of Ligne, great-aunt of the bride

Michel, 14th Prince de Ligne and Princess Eleonora, first cousin-once-removed of the bride and his wife

Princess Alix de Ligne, Countess de Dampierre and Count Guillaume de Dampierre, 2nd cousin of the bride and her husband

The Hereditary Prince of Ligne, 2nd cousin of the bride

Prince Wauthier and Princess Regine de Ligne, first cousin-once-removed of the bride

Prince Philippe de Ligne, 2nd cousin of the bride

Princess Melanie-Yolande de Ligne, 2nd cousin of the bride

Princess Elisabeth-Eleonore de Ligne and Baron Baudouin Gillès de Pelichy, 2nd cousin of the bride and her husband

Princess Anne de Ligne, first cousin-once-removed

Princess Christine de Ligne, Princess of Orleans-Branganza and Prince Antonio of Orleans-Branganza, first cousin-once-removed of the bride

Princess Amelia of Orleans-Braganza, 2nd cousin to the bride

Prince Rafael of Orleans-Branganza, 2nd cousin of the bride

Princess Maria Gabriela of Orleans-Braganza, 2nd cousin of the bride

Princess Sophia de Ligne, Countess de Nicolay and Count Philippe de Nicolay, first cousin-once-removed of the bride and her husband

Prince Antoine and Princess Jacqueline de Ligne, first cousin-once-removed of the bride and her husband

Prince Louis de Ligne, 2nd cousin of the bride

Princess Marie de Ligne, 2nd cousin of the bride

Princess Florence de Ligne, 2nd cousin of the bride

Princess Yolande de Ligne and Hugo Townsend, first cousin-once-removed of the bride and her husband

Other descendants of Charles I of Austria

Andrea von Habsburg The Hereditary Countess of Neipperg and The Hereditary Count of Neipperg, first cousin-once-removed of the bride and her husband

Count Philipp of Neipperg, 2nd cousin of the bride

Count Benedikt of Neipperg, 2nd cousin of the bride

Count Dominik of Neipperg, 2nd cousin of the bride

Countess Hemma of Neipperg, 2nd cousin of the bride

Countess Katharina of Neipperg, 2nd cousin of the bride

Prince Valerian of Lobkowicz, 2nd cousin-once-removed of the bride

Monika von Habsburg Duchess de Santangelo and Luis de Casanova-Cardenas y Baron, 5th Duke de Santangelo, first cousin-once-removed of the bride and her husband

Baltasar, 23rd Marquess de Elche, 2nd cousin of the bride

Gabriel de Casanova y Habsburgo-Lorena, 2nd cousin of the bride

Rafael de Casanova y Habsburgo-Lorena, 2nd cousin of the bride

Santiago de Casanova y Habsburgo-Lorena, 2nd cousin of the bride

Michaela von Habsburg Countess von Kageneck, first cousin-once-removed

Gabriela von Habsburg, first cousin-once-removed

Walburga von Habsburg Countess Douglas of Skenninge and Count Archibald Douglas, first cousin-once removed of the bride and her husband

Count Mortiz Douglas, 2nd cousin of the bride

Karl von Habsburg, first cousin-once-removed of the bride

Eleonore von Habsburg, 2nd cousin of the bride

Ferdinand von Habsburg, 2nd cousin of the bride

Gloria von Habsburg, 2nd cousin of the bride

Georg and Eilika von Habsburg, first cousin-once-removed of the bride and his wife

Margherita Dowager Archduchess of Austria-Este, great aunt of the bride by marriage

Archduchess Maria Beatrice of Austria Este, Countess of Acro-Zinneberg, first cousin-once removed of the bride

Countess Anna Theresa von Acro-Zinnerberg, 2nd cousin of the bride

Countess Margherita von Acro-Zinneberg, 2nd cousin of the bride

Countess Olympia von Acro-Zinneberg, 2nd cousin of the bride

Countess Maximiliana von Acro-Zinneberg, 2nd cousin of the bride

Countess Marie Gabrielle von Acro-Zinneberg, 2nd cousin of the bride

Countess Giorgiana von Acro-Zinneberg 2nd cousin of the bride

Prince Lorenz of Belgium Archduke of Austria-Este and Princess Astrid of Belgium Archduchess of Austria-Este, first cousin-once removed of the bride and his wife also a first cousin-once removed of the bride

Prince Amedeo of Belgium Archduke of Austria-Este and his wife Elisabetta, 2nd cousin of the bride

Princess Maria Laura of Belgium Archduchess of Austria-Este, 2nd cousin of the bride

Prince Joachim of Belgium Archduke of Austria-Este, 2nd cousin of the bride

Princess Luisa Maria of Belgium, 2nd cousin of the bride

Princess Laetitia of Belgium, 2nd cousin of the bride

Archduke Gerhard of Austria-Este, first cousin-once-removed of the bride

Archduke Martin and Archduchess Katharina of Austria-Este, first cousin-once-removed of the bride and his wife

Archduke Bartholomaus of Austria-Este, 2nd cousin of the bride

Archduke Emmanuel of Austria-Este, 2nd cousin of the bride

Archduchess Helene of Austria-Este, 2nd cousin of the bride

Archduke Luigi of Austria-Este, 2nd cousin of the bride

Archduchess Isabella of Austria-Este, first cousin-once-removed of the bride

Archduchess Maria del Pilar of Austria, first cousin-once-removed of the bride

Archduke Carl Philipp of Austria of Austria, first cousin-once-removed of the bride

Archduchess Kinga Barbara of Austria, first cousin-once-removed of the bride

Archduke Raimund of Austria, first cousin-once-removed of the bride

Archduchess Myriam of Austria, first cousin-once removed of the bride

Archduke Istvan of Austria, first cousin-once-removed of the bride

Archduchess Viridis of Austria, first cousin-once-removed of the bride

Archduchess Anne Gabriele of Austria, widow of Isabella's great-uncle

Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria and Prince Peter Galitzine, first cousin-once removed of the bride and her husband

Princess Xenia Galitzine, 2nd cousin of the bride

Princess Tatiana Galitzine, 2nd cousin of the bride

Princess Alexandra Galitzine, 2nd cousin of the bride

Princess Maria Galitzine. 2nd cousin of the bride

Prince Dimitri Galitzine, 2nd cousin of the bride

Prince Ioann Galitzine, 2nd cousin of the bride

Princess Olga Galitzine, 2nd cousin of the bride

Archduke Karl Peter and Archduchess Alexandra of Austria, first cousin-once removed of the bride and his wife

Archduchess Antonia of Austria, 2nd cousin of the bride

Archduke Lorenz of Austria, 2nd cousin of the bride

Archduke Simeon and Archduchess Maria of Austria, first cousin-once-removed of the bride and his wife

Archduke Johannes of Austria, 2nd cousin of the bride

Archduke Ludwig of Austria, 2nd cousin of the bride

Archduchess Isabelle of Austria, 2nd cousin of the bride

Archduchess Carlotta of Austria, 2nd cousin of the bride

Archduke Philipp of Austria, 2nd cousin of the bride

Archduchess Catharina-Maria and Count Massimiliano Secco de Aragona, first cousin-once-removed of the bride and her husband

Count Costantino Secco di Aragona, 2nd cousin of the bride

Count Niccolo Secco di Aragona, 2nd cousin of the bride

Count Rodolfo Secco di Aragona, 2nd cousin of the bride

Extended Family of the Bride in reigning monarchies

King Albert II and Queen Paola of the Belgians, great uncle and aunt of the bride

The King and Queen of the Belgians, first cousin once removed of the bride and his wife

The Duchess of Brabant, 2nd cousin of the bride

Prince Gabriel of Belgium, 2nd cousin of the bride

Prince Emmanuel of Belgium, 2nd cousin of the bride

Princess Eleonore of Belgium, 2nd cousin of the bride

The Prince and Princess of Liechtenstein, 3rd cousin-once-removed of the bride and his wife

The Hereditary Prince and Princess of Liechtenstein, 4th cousin of the bride

Prince Josef Wenzel of Liechtenstein, 4th cousin of the bride

Princess Marie-Caroline of Liechtenstein, 4th cousin of the bride

Prince Georg of Liechtenstein, 4th cousin of the bride

Prince Nikolaus of Liechtenstein, 4th cousin of the bride

Prince Maximilian and Princess Angela of Liechtenstein, 3rd cousin-once-removed of the bride and his wife

Prince Constantin of Liechtenstein, 3rd cousin-once-removed of the bride

Princess Tatjana of Liechtenstein, 3rd cousin-once-removed of the bride

Prince Philip and Princess Isabella of Liechtenstein

Prince Wenzeslaus of Liechtenstein

King Juan Carlos and Queen Sofia of Spain, 3rd cousin-twice-removed of the bride and his wife

The King and Queen of Spain, 4th cousin-once-removed of the bride and his wife

The Princess of Austrias, 5th cousin of the bride

Infanta Sofia of Spain, 5th cousin of the bride

Donna Olimpia Torlonia of Civitella-Cesi, 6th cousin-once-removed

Infanta Pilar, Duchess of Badajoz, 4th cousin-once-removed of the bride

Infanta Margarita, Duchess of Soria, 4th cousin-once-removed of the bride

Extended Family of other royal houses

House of Savoy

Princess Maria Pia of Bourbon-Parma, first cousin-twice-removed of the bride

Victor Emanuele, Prince of Naples, first cousin-twice-removed of the bride

Princess Maria Gabriella of Savoy, first cousin-twice-removed

Princess Maria Beatrice of Savoy, first cousin-twice-removed

House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha-Kothary

Princess Marie Louise of Bulgaria, 2nd cousin-once-removed

Prince Boris of Leiningen, 3rd cousin of the bride

Prince Hermann Friedrich of Leiningen, 3rd cousin of the bride

Princess Alexandra of Kohary, 3rd cousin of the bride

Prince Pawel of Kohary, 3rd cousin of the bride

Simeon II of Bulgaria, 2nd cousin-once-removed

House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies

Princess Teresa Maria of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, 2nd cousin-once-removed of the bride

Princess Cristina of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, 3rd cousin of the bride

Prince Pedro of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, Duke of Calabria 3rd cousin of the bride

Prince Jaime, Duke of Noto, 3rd cousin-once-removed of the bride

Princess Ines of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, 3rd cousin of the bride

Princess Victoria of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, 3rd cousin of the bride

Princess Ines Maria of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, 2nd cousin-once-removed of the bride

Prince Carlo of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, Duke of Castro, 6th cousin of the bride

House of Bourbon-Parma

Princess Irene of the Netherlands, 1st cousin-twice-removed of the bride

Prince Carlos of Bourbon-Parma, Duke of Parma, double 3rd cousin of the bride

Princess Maria Francisca of Bourbon-Parma, 1st cousin-twice-removed of the bride

Princess Maria Teresa of Bourbon-Parma, 1st cousin-twice-removed of the bride

Princess Cecilia of Bourbon-Parma, 1st cousin-twice-removed of the bride

Princess Maria de las Nieves of Bourbon-Parma, 1st cousin-twice-removed of the bride

Prince Sixtus Henry of Bourbon-Parma, 1st cousin-twice-removed of the bride

Prince Jaime, Count of Bardi, 2nd cousin-once-removed of the bride

House of Romania

Crown Princess Margareta of Romania, 2nd cousin-once-removed of the bride

House of Bourbon

Louis Alphonse, Duke of Anjou, 6th cousin of the bride

House Bonaparte

Jean-Christophe, Prince Napoleon, 5th cousin-once-removed of the bride

House of Braganza

Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza and Isabel, Duchess of Braganza, triple first cousin-thrice-removed of the bride and his wife

Afonso, Prince of Beira, 2nd cousin-twice-removed of the bride

Infanta Maria Francesca, 2nd cousin-twice-removed of the bride

Infante Dinis, Duke of Porto, 2nd cousin-twice-removed of the bride

House of Wittelsbach

Prince Luitpold of Bavaria

Princess Auguste of Bavaria and Prince Ferdinand of Lippe-Weissenfeld

Princess Alice of Bavaria and Prince Lukas of Auersperg

Prince Ludwig of Bavaria

Prince Heinrich of Bavaria

Prince Karl of Bavaria

Belgian Nobility

Count Philippe de Lannoy

Count Jehann de Lannoy

Countess Gaelle de Lannoy

Leopold, 13th Duke of Arenberg and Princess Sophie of Bavaria

Prince Leopold of Arenberg

Princess Natasha of Arenberg

Prince Philippe of Arenberg

Prince Alexandre of Arenberg

Philippe, 22nd Prince de Chimay

Friedrich Christian, 7th Duke of Beaufort-Spontin

Count Christian de Beaufort-Spontin

Princess Marie Gabriele of Bavaria

Rudolf, 15th Duke of Croÿ  

Carl Philipp, Hereditary Prince of Croÿ  

Prince Marc Emanuel of Croÿ  

Prince Heinrich of Croÿ

Prince Alexander of Croÿ  

Prince Stefan of Croÿ  

Prince Lionel of Croÿ

Princess Sophie of Bavaria

Prince Leopold of Arenberg

Prince Karl Ludwig of Arenberg

Princess Marie Gabriele of Arenberg

Prince Heinrich of Arenberg

Prince Etienne of Arenberg

Stephane, 11th Duke of Ursel

Countess Anna Maria d'Udekem d'Acoz

Countess Elisabeth d'Udekem d'Acoz

Countess Hélène d'Udekem d'Acoz  

Count Charles-Henri d'Udekem d'Acoz

Prince Charles-Antoine de Ligne La Trémoïlle

Count Louis de Limburg-Stirum

Countess Belén de Limburg-Stirum  

Count Philippe de Limburg-Stirum

Countess Caroline de Limburg-Stirum

[gtokio]

舞台表現においては古くからさまざまな道具が用いられてきたが，それらは演出や装飾的な意味合いだけではなく，身体表現の拡張のために用いられたことが多い．Rudolf Laban[1]は“Labanotation”と呼ばれた新たな舞踏譜を開発したことで有名だが，正二十面体の構造体の中にダンサーを配置しその構造を利用した振り付けなどを行っている．バウハウスの中心的作家であったOskar Schlemmer[2]は身体を拡張した衣装や舞台装置を用いて前衛的な舞台作品を数多く制作している．これらの作品は今見ても新鮮さをまったく失っていない． 道具だけでなく，テクノロジーと舞台・身体表現ということに視野を広げると，Etienne-Jules Mareyの作品がやはり最初に思い当たる．写真銃（chronophotography gun）という特殊な撮影装置を用いて鳥の飛翔や人物の運動を連続写真として撮影し，それまで見ることができなかった新しい視点で人々を驚かせた．ただし，これは表現というよりは技術研究的側面の強いものであった．カナダのアニメーション・映像作家のNorman McLarenは[Pas de deux] ☆1という作品で連続撮影の手法を用いた新たな表現を開拓している． 写真，映画の時代を経て，コンピュータテクロジーが発達してくると，Merce Cunningham☆2やTroika Ranch ☆3などはそれを積極的に舞台表現に取り入れるようになる．Merce Cunninghamは早くからモーションキャプチャの技術を用いてダンサー���動きの情報から映像を生成し，それを舞台上の紗幕スクリーンに投射し，実際のダンサーの動きと映像を同時に見せる表現を試みた．また，[LifeForm] [3]というソフトウェアを導入して振り付けの生成などを行った．Troika Ranchはダンサーに筋電センサを取り付け，ダンサーの動きによって背景の映像や音をリアルタイムに操作する舞台をいち早く実現した．フランスのダンスカンパニーAdrien M & Claire Bは[Hakanaï] ☆4において，直方体の紗幕スクリーンに投影される半透明のモノクロ映像とそれに完全にリンクした振り付けによって視覚的効果の非常に高い舞台を制作した．これらテクノロジーとパフォーマンスの関係については [Digital Performance][4]に詳しいが，コンピュータテクノロジーの用いられ方はそれぞれの作品によって微妙に異なる．ただし，多くの作品に共通するのは，アウトプットが映像や音声である点である．

Things on Stage─パフォーマンス作品における開発と実践─ デジタルプラクティス 

[lesliewofford83-blog]

BOF NEVER GABRIEL AND NEVER WAS MADE A BIRD A NEWBEC OR ANYTHING SHORTER THAN LESLIE AT 5′5 AND 3 QUARTERS INCHES TALL! AND FOR PEOPLE TRYIN TO BE ME AND INVADE ME THESE PEOPLE DIED, EVERY YEAR MORE AND MORE WILL DIE FOR TRYING TO STEAL MY STUFF OR HURT MY FAMILY OR KIDNAP MY KID(S) EVER OR HAVE ME LIVING MORE THAN ONE LIFE.

March 2002[edit source]

1 – David Mann, 85, American songwriter.

1 – Roger Plumpton Wilson, 96, British Anglican prelate.

3 – G. M. C. Balayogi, 61, Indian lawyer and politician.

3 – Calvin Carrière, 80, American fiddler.

3 – Harlan Howard, 74, American country music songwriter.

3 – Al Pollard, 73, NFL player and broadcaster, lymphoma. [1]

3 – Roy Porter, 55, British historian.

6 – Bryan Fogarty, 32, Canadian ice hockey player.

6 – David Jenkins, 89, Welsh librarian.

6 – Donald Wilson, 91, British television writer and producer.

7 – Franziska Rochat-Moser, 35, Swiss marathon runner.

8 – Bill Johnson, 85, American football player.

8 – Ellert Sölvason, 84, Icelandic football player.

9 – Jack Baer, 87, American baseball coach.

9 – Irene Worth, 85, American actress.

11 – Al Cowens, 50, American baseball player.

11 – Rudolf Hell, 100, German inventor and manufacturer.

12 – Steve Gromek, 82, American baseball player.

13 – Hans-Georg Gadamer, 102, German philosopher.

14 – Cherry Wilder, 71, New Zealand writer.

14 – Tan Yu, 75, Filipino entrepreneur.

15 – Sylvester Weaver, 93, American advertising executive, father of Sigourney Weaver.

16 – Sir Marcus Fox, 74, British politician.

17 – Rosetta LeNoire, 90, African-American stage and television actress.

17 – Bill Davis, 60, American football coach.

18 – Reginald Covill, 96, British cricketer.

18 – Maude Farris-Luse, 115, supercentenarian and one-time "Oldest Recognized Person in the World".

18 – Gösta Winbergh, 58, Swedish operatic tenor.

20 – John E. Gray, 95, American educational administrator, President of Lamar University.

20 – Ivan Novikoff, 102, Russian premier ballet master.

20 – Richard Robinson, 51, English cricketer.

21 – James F. Blake, 89, American bus driver, antagonist for the Montgomery Bus Boycott.

21 – Thomas Flanagan, 78, American novelist and academic.

22 – Sir Kingsford Dibela, 70, Governor-General of Papua New Guinea.

22 – Hugh R. Stephen, 88, Canadian politician.

23 – Ben Hollioake, 24, English cricketer.

24 – Dorothy DeLay, 84, American violin instructor.

24 – César Milstein, 74, Argentinian biochemist.

24 – Frank G. White, 92, American army general.

25 – Ken Traill, 75, British rugby league player.

25 – Kenneth Wolstenholme, 81, British football commentator.

26 – Roy Calvert, 88, New Zealand World War II air force officer.

27 – Milton Berle, 93, American comedian dubbed "Mr. Television".

27 – Sir Louis Matheson, 90, British university administrator, Vice Chancellor of Monash University.

27 – Dudley Moore, 66, British actor and writer.

27 – Billy Wilder, 95, Austrian-born American film director (Double Indemnity).

28 – Tikka Khan, 86, Pakistani army general.

29 – Rico Yan, 27, Filipino movie & TV actor.

30 – Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother, 101, British consort of King George VI.

31 – Lady Anne Brewis, 91, English botanist.

31 – Barry Took, 73, British comedian and writer.

April 2002[edit source]

1 – Umer Rashid, 26, English cricketer, drowning.

1 – John S. Samuel, 88, American Air Force general.

2 – John R. Pierce, 92, American engineer and author.

2 – Robert Lawson Vaught, 75, American mathematician.

3 – Frank Tovey, aka Fad Gadget, 45, English singer-songwriter.

4 – Don Allard, 66, American football player (New York Titans, New England Patriots) and coach.

5 – Arthur Ponsonby, 11th Earl of Bessborough, 89, British aristocrat.

5 – Layne Staley, 34, former Alice in Chains lead singer.

6 – Nobu McCarthy, 67, Canadian actress.

6 – William Patterson, 71, British Anglican priest, Dean of Ely.

6 – Margaret Wingfield, 90, British political activist.

7 – John Agar, 82, American actor.

8 – Sir Nigel Bagnell, 75, British field marshal.

8 – María Félix, 88, Mexican film star.

8 – Helen Gilbert, 80 American artist.

8 – Giacomo Mancini, 85, Italian politician.

9 – Leopold Vietoris, 110, Austrian mathematician.

10 – Géza Hofi, 75 Hungarian humorist.

11 – J. William Stanton, 78, American politician.

14 – Buck Baker, 83, American member of the NASCAR Hall of Fame

14 – John Boda, 79, American composer and music professor.

14 – Sir Michael Kerr, 81, British jurist.

15 – Will Reed, 91, British composer.

15 – Byron White, 84, United States Supreme Court justice.

16 – Billy Ayre, 49, English footballer.

16 – Franz Krienbühl, 73, Swiss speed skater.

16 – Robert Urich, 55, American TV actor.

18 – Thor Heyerdahl, 87, Norwegian anthropologist.

18 – Cy Laurie, 75, British musician.

18 – Sir Peter Proby, 90, British landowner, Lord-Lieutenant of Cambridgeshire.

20 – Vlastimil Brodský, 81, Czech actor.

21 – Sebastian Menke, 91, American Roman Catholic priest.

21 – Red O'Quinn, 76, American football player.

21 – Terry Walsh, 62, British stuntman.

22 – Albrecht Becker, 95, German production designer and actor.

22 – Allen Morris, 92, American historian.

23 – Linda Lovelace, 53, former porn star turned political activist, car crash.

23 – Ted Kroll, 82, American golfer.

25 – Michael Bryant, 74, British actor.

25 – Indra Devi, 102, Russian "yoga teacher to the stars".

25 – Lisa Lopes, 30, American singer, car crash.

26 – Alton Coleman, 46, convicted spree killer, execution by lethal injection.

27 – Ruth Handler, 85, inventor of the Barbie doll.

27 – Baron Hans Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza, 81, German Industrialist and art collector.

28 – Alexander Lebed, Russian general and politician.

28 – Sir Peter Parker, 77, British businessman.

28 – Lou Thesz, American professional wrestler.

28 – John Wilkinson, 82, American sound engineer.

29 – Liam O'Sullivan, Scottish footballer, drugs overdose. [2]

29 – Lor Tok, 88, Thai, comedian and actor Thailand National Artist.

May 2002[edit source]

1 – John Nathan-Turner, 54, British television producer.

2 – William Thomas Tutte, 84, Bletchley Park cryptographer and British, later Canadian, mathematician.

3 – Barbara Castle, Baroness Castle of Blackburn, 91, British Labour politician and female life peer.

3 – Mohamed Haji Ibrahim Egal, 73, president of Somaliland and formerly prime minister of Somalia and British Somaliland.

3 – Mohan Singh Oberoi, 103, Indian hotelier and retailer.

4 – Abu Turab al-Zahiri, 79, Saudi Arabian writer of Arab Indian descent

5 – Sir Clarence Seignoret 83, president of Dominica (1983–1993).

5 – Hugo Banzer Suárez, 75, president of Bolivia, as dictator 1971–1978 and democratic president 1997–2001.

5 – Mike Todd, Jr., 72, American film producer.

6 – Otis Blackwell, 71, American singer-songwriter and pianist.

6 – Harry George Drickamer, 83, American chemical engineer.

6 – Pim Fortuyn, 54, assassinated Dutch politician.

7 – Sir Bernard Burrows, 91, British diplomat.

7 – Sir Ewart Jones, 91, Welsh chemist.

7 – Seattle Slew, 28, last living triple crown winner on 25th anniversary of winning Kentucky Derby.

8 – Sir Edward Jackson, 76, English diplomat.

9 – Robert Layton, 76, Canadian politician.

9 – James Simpson, 90, British explorer.

10 – Lynda Lyon Block, 54, convicted murderer, executed by electric chair in Alabama.

10 – John Cunniff, 57, American hockey player and coach.

10 – Henry W. Hofstetter, 87, American optometrist.

10 – Leslie Dale Martin, 35, convicted murderer, executed by lethal injection in Louisiana.

10 – Tom Moore, 88, American athletics promoter.

11 – Joseph Bonanno, 97, Sicilian former Mafia boss.

12 – Richard Chorley, 74, English geographer.

13 – Morihiro Saito, 74, a teacher of the Japanese martial art of aikido.

13 – Ruth Cracknell, 76, redoubtable Australian actress most famous for the long-running role of Maggie Beare in the series "Mother and Son".

13 – Valery Lobanovsky, 63, former Ukrainian coach.

14 – Sir Derek Birley, 75, British educationist and writer.

15 – Bernard Benjamin, 92, British statistician.

15 – Bryan Pringle, 67, British actor.

15 – Nellie Shabalala, 49, South African singer and wife of leader/founder of Ladysmith Black Mambazo, Joseph Shabalala.

15 – Esko Tie, 73, Finnish ice hockey player.

16 – Edwin Alonzo Boyd, 88, Canadian bank-robber and prison escapee of the 1950s.

16 – Alec Campbell, 103, Australia's last surviving ANZAC died in a nursing home.

16 – Dorothy Van, 74, American actress.

17 – Peter Beck, 92, British schoolmaster.

17 – Joe Black, 78, American first Black baseball pitcher to win a World Series game.

17 – Earl Hammond, 80, American voice actor best known for voicing Mumm Ra and Jaga in the television series Thundercats.

17 – Bobby Robinson, 98, American baseball player.

17 – Little Johnny Taylor, 59, American singer.

18 – Davey Boy Smith, 39, 'British Bulldog' professional wrestler.

18 – Gordon Wharmby, 68, British actor (Last of the Summer Wine)

19 – John Gorton, 90, 19th Prime Minister of Australia.

19 – Otar Lordkipanidze, 72, Georgian archaeologist.

20 – Stephen Jay Gould, 60, paleontologist and popular science author.

21 – Niki de Saint Phalle, 71, French artist.

21 – Roy Paul, 82, Welsh footballer.

22 – Paul Giel, 69, American football player.

22 – Dick Hern, 81, British racehorse trainer.

22 – (remains discovered; actual death probably took place on or around May 1, 2001), Chandra Levy, 24, U.S. Congressional intern.

22 – Creighton Miller, 79, American football player and attorney.

23 – Sam Snead, 89, golfer.

25 – Pat Coombs, 75, English actress.

25 – Jack Pollard, 75, Australian sports journalist.

26 – John Alexander Moore, 86, American biologist.

26 – Mamo Wolde, 69, Ethiopian marathon runner.

28 – Napoleon Beazley, 25, convicted juvenile offender, executed by lethal injection in Texas.

28 – Mildred Benson, 96, American children's author.

June 2002[edit source]

1 – Hansie Cronje, 32, South African cricketer, air crash.

4 – Fernando Belaúnde Terry, 89, democratic president of Peru, 1963–1968 and 1980–1985.

4 – John W. Cunningham, 86, American author.

4 – Caroline Knapp, 42, author of Drinking: A Love Story.

5 – Dee Dee Ramone, 50, founding member of The Ramones.

5 – Alex Watson, 70, Australian rugby league player.

6 – Peter Cowan, 87, Australian writer.

6 – Hans Janmaat, 67, controversial far-right politician in the Netherlands.

7 – Rodney Hilton, 85, British historian.

7 – Lilian, Princess of Réthy, 85, British-born Belgian royal.

8 – George Mudie, 86, Jamaican cricketer.

9 – Paul Chubb, 53, Australian actor.

9 – Bryan Martyn, 71, Australian rules footballer.

10 – John Gotti, 61, imprisoned mobster.

11 – Robbin Crosby, 42, American guitarist of rock band Ratt.

11 – Margaret E. Lynn, 78, American theater director.

11 – Robert Roswell Palmer, 93, American historian and writer.

11 – Peter John Stephens, 89, British children's author.

12 – Bill Blass, 79, American fashion designer.

12 – George Shevelov, 93, Ukrainian scholar.

13 – John Hope, 83, American meteorologist.

14 – Jose Bonilla, 34, boxing former world champion, of asthma.

14 – June Jordan, 65, American writer and teacher, of breast cancer.

15 – Said Belqola, 45, Moroccan referee of the 1998 FIFA World Cup final.

17 – Willie Davenport, 59, American gold medal-winning Olympic hurdler.

17 – John C. Davies II, 82, American politician.

17 – Fritz Walter, 81, German football player, captain of 1954 World Cup winners.

18 – Nancy Addison, 54, soap actress, cancer.

18 – Jack Buck, 77, Major League Baseball announcer.

18 – Michael Coulson, 74, British lawyer and politician.

19 – Count Flemming Valdemar of Rosenborg, 80, Danish prince.

20 – Enrique Regüeiferos, 53, Cuban Olympic boxer.

21 – Henry Keith, Baron Keith of Kinkel, 80, British jurist.

21 – Patrick Kelly, 73, English cricketer.

22 – David O. Cooke, 81, American Department of Defense official.

22 – Darryl Kile, 33, Major League Baseball player.

22 – Ann Landers, 83, author & syndicated newspaper columnist.

23 – Pedro "El Rockero" Alcazar, 26, Panamanian boxer; died after losing his world Flyweight championship to Fernando Montiel in Las Vegas the night before.

23 – Arnold Weinstock, 77, British businessman.

24 – Lorna Lloyd-Green, 92, Australian gynaecologist.

24 – Miles Francis Stapleton Fitzalan-Howard, 86, 17th Duke of Norfolk.

24 – Pierre Werner, 88, former Prime Minister of Luxembourg, "father of the Euro".

25 – Gordon Park Baker, 64, Anglo-American philosopher.

25 – Jean Corbeil, 68, Canadian politician.

26 – Barbara G. Adams, 57, British Egyptologist.

26 – Clarence D. Bell, 88, American politician, member of the Pennsylvania State Senate.

26 – Jay Berwanger, 88, college football player, first winner of the Heisman Trophy.

26 – Arnold Brown, 88, British General of the Salvation Army.

26 – James Morgan, 63, British journalist.

27 – Sir Charles Carter, 82, British economist and academic administrator.

27 – John Entwistle, 57, English bassist (The Who), heart attack.

27 – Russ Freeman, 76, American pianist.

27 – Robert L. J. Long, 82, American admiral.

27 – Jack Webster, 78, Canadian police officer.

28 – Arthur "Spud" Melin, responsible for marketing hula-hoop and frisbee.

29 – Rosemary Clooney, 74, singer.

29 – Jan Tomasz Zamoyski, 90, Polish politician.

30 – Pete Gray, 87, American one-armed baseball player.

30 – Dave Wilson, 70, American television director.

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 5.10

28 BC – A sunspot is observed by Han dynasty astronomers during the reign of Emperor Cheng of Han, one of the earliest dated sunspot observations in China. AD 70 – Siege of Jerusalem: Titus, son of emperor Vespasian, opens a full-scale assault on Jerusalem and attacks the city's Third Wall to the northwest. 1291 – Scottish nobles recognize the authority of Edward I of England pending the selection of a king. 1497 – Amerigo Vespucci allegedly leaves Cádiz for his first voyage to the New World. 1503 – Christopher Columbus visits the Cayman Islands and names them Las Tortugas after the numerous turtles there. 1534 – Jacques Cartier visits Newfoundland. 1655 – England, with troops under the command of Admiral William Penn and General Robert Venables, annexes Jamaica from Spain. 1688 – King Narai nominates Phetracha as regent, leading to the revolution of 1688 in which Phetracha becomes king of the Ayutthaya Kingdom. 1768 – John Wilkes is imprisoned for writing an article for The North Briton severely criticizing King George III. This action provokes rioting in London. 1773 – The Parliament of Great Britain passes the Tea Act, designed to save the British East India Company by reducing taxes on its tea and granting it the right to sell tea directly to North America. The legislation leads to the Boston Tea Party. 1774 – Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette become King and Queen of France. 1775 – American Revolutionary War: A small Colonial militia led by Ethan Allen and Colonel Benedict Arnold captures Fort Ticonderoga. 1775 – American Revolutionary War: Representatives from the Thirteen Colonies begin the Second Continental Congress in Philadelphia. 1796 – War of the First Coalition: Napoleon wins a victory against Austrian forces at Lodi bridge over the Adda River in Italy. The Austrians lose some 2,000 men. 1801 – First Barbary War: The Barbary pirates of Tripoli declare war on the United States of America. 1824 – The National Gallery in London opens to the public. 1833 – The desecration of the grave of the viceroy of southern Vietnam Lê Văn Duyệt by Emperor Minh Mạng provokes his adopted son to start a revolt. 1837 – Panic of 1837: New York City banks suspend the payment of specie, triggering a national banking crisis and an economic depression whose severity was not surpassed until the Great Depression. 1849 – Astor Place Riot: A riot breaks out at the Astor Opera House in Manhattan, New York City over a dispute between actors Edwin Forrest and William Charles Macready, killing at least 22 and injuring over 120. 1857 – Indian Rebellion of 1857: In India, the first war of Independence begins. Sepoys mutiny against their commanding officers at Meerut. 1864 – American Civil War: Colonel Emory Upton leads a 10-regiment "Attack-in-depth" assault against the Confederate works at The Battle of Spotsylvania, which, though ultimately unsuccessful, would provide the idea for the massive assault against the Bloody Angle on May 12. Upton is slightly wounded but is immediately promoted to brigadier general. 1865 – American Civil War: Jefferson Davis is captured by U.S. troops near Irwinville, Georgia. 1865 – American Civil War: In Kentucky, Union soldiers ambush and mortally wound Confederate raider William Quantrill, who lingers until his death on June 6. 1869 – The First Transcontinental Railroad, linking the eastern and western United States, is completed at Promontory Summit, Utah with the golden spike. 1872 – Victoria Woodhull becomes the first woman nominated for President of the United States. 1876 – The Centennial Exposition is opened in Philadelphia by U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant and Brazilian Emperor Dom Pedro II. 1877 – The lower chamber of the Romanian Parliament sanctions the Declaration of Independence from the Ottoman Empire, proclaimed the previous day in the Senate by Mihail Kogălniceanu. 1881 – Carol I is crowned the King of the Romanian Kingdom. 1904 – The Horch & Cir. Motorwagenwerke AG is founded. It would eventually become the Audi company. 1908 – Mother's Day is observed for the first time in the United States, in Grafton, West Virginia. 1916 – Sailing in the lifeboat James Caird, Ernest Shackleton arrives at South Georgia after a journey of 800 nautical miles from Elephant Island. 1922 – The United States annexes the Kingman Reef. 1924 – J. Edgar Hoover is appointed first Director of the United States' Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), and remains so until his death in 1972. 1933 – Censorship: In Germany, the Nazis stage massive public book burnings. 1940 – World War II: German fighters accidentally bomb the German city of Freiburg. 1940 – World War II: German raids on British shipping convoys and military airfields begin. 1940 – World War II: Winston Churchill is appointed Prime Minister of the United Kingdom following the resignation of Neville Chamberlain. On the same day, Germany invades France, Belgium and Luxembourg. Meanwhile, the United Kingdom occupies Iceland. 1941 – World War II: The House of Commons in London is damaged by the Luftwaffe in an air raid. 1941 – World War II: Rudolf Hess parachutes into Scotland to try to negotiate a peace deal between the United Kingdom and Nazi Germany. 1942 – World War II: The Thai Phayap Army invades the Shan States during the Burma Campaign. 1946 – First successful launch of an American V-2 rocket at White Sands Proving Ground. 1948 – The Republic of China implements "temporary provisions" granting President Chiang Kai-shek extended powers to deal with the Communist uprising; they will remain in effect until 1991. 1954 – Bill Haley & His Comets release "Rock Around the Clock", the first rock and roll record to reach number one on the Billboard charts. 1960 – The nuclear submarine USS Triton completes Operation Sandblast, the first underwater circumnavigation of the earth. 1962 – Marvel Comics publishes the first issue of The Incredible Hulk. 1967 – The Northrop M2-F2 crashes on landing, becoming the inspiration for the novel Cyborg and TV series The Six Million Dollar Man. 1969 – Vietnam War: The Battle of Dong Ap Bia begins with an assault on Hill 937. It will ultimately become known as Hamburger Hill. 1970 – Bobby Orr scores "The Goal" to win the 1970 Stanley Cup Finals, for the Boston Bruins' fourth NHL championship in their history. 1972 – In the Vietnam War, the US had two fighter ace crews. The USAF's Ritchie and DeBellevue scored their first kill while the USN's Cunningham and Driscoll scored their third, fourth and fifth kills. 1975 – Sony introduces the Betamax videocassette recorder in Japan. 1981 – François Mitterrand wins the presidential election and becomes the first Socialist President of France in the French Fifth Republic. 1993 – In Thailand, a fire at the Kader Toy Factory kills 156 workers. 1994 – Nelson Mandela is inaugurated as South Africa's first black president. 1996 – A blizzard strikes Mount Everest, killing eight climbers by the next day. 1997 – The 7.3 Mw Qayen earthquake strikes Iran's Khorasan Province, killing 1,567, injuring over 2,300, leaving 50,000 homeless, and damaging or destroying over 15,000 homes. 2002 – FBI agent Robert Hanssen is sentenced to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole for selling United States secrets to Russia for $1.4 million in cash and diamonds. 2005 – A hand grenade thrown by Vladimir Arutyunian lands about 65 feet (20 meters) from U.S. President George W. Bush while he is giving a speech to a crowd in Tbilisi, Georgia, but it malfunctions and does not detonate. 2012 – The Damascus bombings are carried out using a pair of car bombs detonated by suicide bombers outside of a military intelligence complex in Damascus, Syria, killing 55 people and injuring 400 others. 2013 – One World Trade Center becomes the tallest building in the Western Hemisphere.

[imadumdumjewel]

Since I’ve introduced Annette as Rudolf’s/Rudy’s girlfriend, gonna prove them they are the authentic OTP xD

They’re loving sweethearts~ I love them so much!

[lordfregswriteblog]

Into the future

Where our Fowlham are prepping for their first boi (unborn Rudolf) XD

Older Ha-chan might help with their shopping~

yessssss!! how cute! causing mayhem wherever they go! Ha-Chan might be a lil ooc (out of character) because i haven't really written her ^.^ ——————✧◦♡◦✧—————— type: ✮request!✮ genre: ✮shenanigan✮ fandom: ✮RC9GN & 9GD✮ character(s): ✮Ha-Chan, Randy Cunningham, Theresa Fowler✮ crossovers?: ✮yes! : Witchy Precure & RC9GN✮ tags: @imadumdumjewel ——————✧◦♡◦✧——————

Ah, clothes shopping! What a wonderful way to spend an afternoon, eating at fast-food places and getting dragged from store-to-store by your wife and her friend to look at baby onesies that basically looked the same to you.

That was the reality that poor Randy Cunningham had to live through as a first-time dad. Sure, it was exciting to know that his wife was pregnant and just a few weeks away from having his child.

Still, Randy couldn't see why he couldn't just shop for clothes and stuff after Theresa had Rudolf.

"Because," Ha-Chan puffed, "Do you really want to labor you poor wife with buying clothes after she's just had a baby?!"

"Heh," Randy smiled sheepishly, "Good point,"

"It's okay, Randy," Theresa said sweetly, "You didn't know."

"Thanks, Resa," he said tenderly, leaning more towards her, "You're the brucest."

"Yuck!" Ha-Chan interrupted, "Save it for after the baby shower."

——————✧◦♡◦✧——————

It was about an hour after they had left the baby items isle, Ha-Chan acting like a child and grabbing everything that was fuzzy and looked intresting.

"Kotoha!" Randy shouted, "Stop running back and forth! You're going to knock these isles down!"

"Haaaaaa!" She awed, "What does this do? And this? And this? And this, and this and this?"

"Ha-Chan," Theresa said calmly, "Please calm down!"

But it was too late, she had tried to reach something on the top self by climbing up the other shelves to reach it; her climbing and the shelves poor base design, it started to tip.

"Oh, boy." Randy said as he helplessly watched as everything started to tip to the back of the shelves and fall over.

"Don't worry!" Ha-Chan exclaimed, "I'll catch it with my magic!"

Long story short, they were asked to leave and never come back.

——————✧◦♡◦✧——————

sorry it was so short, im super tired >.< school has been rough but i still wanted to get this out<33

[weekendwarriorblog]

WHAT TO WATCH THIS WEEKEND April 26, 2019  - AVENGERS: ENDGAME!!!

This is the big one, the start of the summer movie season – like last year, one week early – but also a singularly movie that is likely to crush pretty much everything still playing in theaters, and that is…

AVENGERS: ENDGAME!!

What’s being promoted as the finale of storylines that have been set-up over ten years of Marvel movies finally hits theaters one year after the fateful ending of Infinity War. Sadly, I won’t be seeing this until early next week, since I’ll be busy attending the Tribeca Film Festival over the weekend. (See more details about that below.)

Still, it’s hard to deny the draw of a sequel to last year’s Avengers: Endgame, which had such an astounding cliffhanger ending that few will want to wait to see this one, mainly to see how the surviving heroes deal with Thanos and get their friends and colleagues back.

I guess that’s all I have to say about the movie (other than my box office analysis at The Beat), until I see it so let’s get straight to the…

LIMITED RELEASES

If you live in New York, I beseech you to go see Pamela Green’s doc BE NATURAL: THE UNTOLD STORY OF ALICE GUY-BLACHÉ  (Zeitgeist Films), narrated by Jodi Foster, when it opens in New York on Friday. It will open at the IFC Center in New York plus a few other cities as it slowly expands to other cities. It’s an amazing story about the first-ever female filmmaker who was around during the earliest days of cinema in France.

Ralph Fiennes’ directs and co-stars in THE WHITE CROW (Sony Pictures Classics), an amazing film starring Oleg Ivenko as ballet dancer Rudolf Nureyev, who travelled to Paris with his ballet company, ended up meeting and falling in love with Clara Saint (Adèle Exarchopoulos) and defecting. Fiennes plays Nureyev’s early teacher, but it’s a fairly small role as he allows his younger cast to shine in a terrific story that covers much of Nureyev’s early life before defecting. It’s a fantastic film, regardless of whether you’re into ballet or not. The White Crowopens in New York and L.A. on Friday.

Not quite as amazing (but a movie I had been looking forward to seeing since Toronto last year) is Justin Kelly’s  JT LEROY (Universal Home Entertainment), which stars Kristen Stewart as Savannah Knoop, the young woman who pretended to be author J.T. Leroy, an abused transgender young man, who was duped by actual author Laura Albert (played by Laura Dern) to help fulfill the ruse for the press and other celebrities. Jim Sturgess plays Geoffrey Knoop, Laura’s boyfriend and Savannah’s brother while Diane Kruger plays Eva, a character clearly meant to be Asia Argento, who made The Heart is Deceitful Above All Things based on “Leroy’s” novel. I was very interested in this film, partially because I interviewed Argento for that film without knowing the story until seeing Jeff Feurzeig’s doc Author: The JT Leroy Story. The movie, co-written by Knoop and Kelly from her own book documenting events, is okay, but I feel that the screenplay could have been a lot more interesting if adapted by a better writer, and I’ve generally been mixed about Kelly’s work as a director, as well.  I guess if you’re interested in this story, you can check this out in select cities or On Demand.

Josh Lobo’s thriller I TRAPPED THE DEVIL (IFC Midnight) stars Scott Poythress as Steve, a man who is holding a man hostage in his basement who he believes is the Devil himself. When his brother (AJ Bowen) and wife (Susan Burke) arrive for the Christmas season, they discover Steve’s secret and begin wondering if the man is in fact the Devil.  I liked the movie’s premise more than the execution, as I didn’t think too much about the cast.

Roxanne Benjamin made her directorial debut as part of the horror anthology Southbound. She also had a segment in the XX anthology, and she now makes her feature film debut with BODY AT BRIGHTON ROCK (Magnet Releasing). It follows a young woman who is working as a summer employee at a state park, but who takes a wrong turn and ends up in a crime scene with no communication to the outside world. Bravely, she must spend the night in the wilderness protecting the crime scene on her own.


Opening on Wednesday at Film Forum is Carmine Street Guitars (Abramorama), Ron Mann’s documentary about Rick Kelly’s West Village guitar shop that’s been where he and his apprentice Cindy Hulej design and build custom guitars for the musical superstars. Some of the guitarists who pop in and are captured on camera include Charlie Sexton, Marc Ribot, Lenny Kaye and Bill Frisell with a special appearance by Jim Jarmusch. If you’re into music or are a guitar player, you’ll want to check this out.

Maia Wechsler’s doc If the Dancer Dances (Monument Releasing) goes into the dance studio of Stephen Petronio as they try to breathe new life into Merce Cunningham’s 1968 piece “RainForest.” The movie is being released in conjunction with Cunningham’s centennial, opening Friday in New York at the Quadand in L.A. at the Laemmle Music Hall.

A Thousand Thoughts

LOCAL FESTIVALS

The big festival starting on Wednesday is the17thAnnual TRIBECA FILM FESTIVAL, which kicks off on Wednesday with Life, Animated director Roger Ross Williams’ new documentary The Apollo, which is having it World premiere AT the Apollo Theater in Harlem. Other special events held at the Beacon Theater, also far north of Tribeca, include the 35thAnniversary of This is Spinal Tap and 40th Anniversary of Francis Ford Coppola’s Apocalypse Now, a special talk between Tribeca co-founder Robert De Niro and his longtime director Martin Scorsese, as well as special concerts/talks following docs about the Wu Tang Clan (Wu Tang Clan: Of Mics and Men) and Phish frontman Trey Anastasio (Between Me and My Mind).  

I’m not sure why, but I tend to gravitate more to the docs at Tribeca than the narratives, maybe because there have been maybe a dozen narratives at the festival that I truly loved. On the other hand, the festival has become renowned for so many amazing docs, and this year, there are goods ones about Stones bassist Bill Wyman (The Quiet One), Woodstock: Three Days That Defined a Generation, Maiden (about the first all-woman around-the-world sailing team), another one about movie sound (Making Waves) and one about a Ohio factory that shuts down but then is resuscitated by a Chinese company that offers the community new hope (American Factory). I’m also looking forward to seeing the doc Other Music, about New York’s indie record store which recently shut its doors. Add to that other music docs like Linda Ronstadt: The Sound of My Voice and Mystify: Michael Hutchence, and there’s quite a bit that I’m going to want to check out. 

Some of the narratives that I’m interested include The Kill Team, starring Nat Wolff and Alexander Skarsgard, and Kevin McMullin’s Low Tide, which has its World Premiere. Also, soon-to-be-released movies like Mary (American Psycho) Harron’s Charlie Says, starring Mat Smith as Charles Manson, and Joe Berlinger’s Extremely Wicked, Shockingly Evil and Vile, starring Zac Efron as Ted Bundy, will screen at Tribeca before their respective releases on May 10.

Hopefully, I’ll find some more hidden gems as the festival progresses.

Up in Toronto, Canada, one of my favorite cities, this year’s Hot Docs begins on Thursday. As the name might imply, this is a documentary film festival with an amazing array of docs, many getting their world premieres. I’m a little busy with Tribeca to go through all that is being offered, but if you live in Toronto, then you should be able to find some interesting subjects covered.

REPERTORY

METROGRAPH (NYC):

Metrograph Pictures’ second release is a restored rerelease of Djibril Diop Mambety’s Hyenas (1992), a comic adaptation of Friedrich Dürrenmatt’s play “The Visit” about a rich woman who is visiting a small African village with enough money to back the man running for mayor of the town. Instead, she reveals that he got her pregnant and abandoned her with child, leading her to a life of misery before coming into money. She offers a bounty to kill the man who did this to her, and the village needs to decide whether they like the mayoral candidate, a popular shopkeeper, as much as they need the money being offered. It’s a pretty fascinating film, beautifully shot, and it’s nice to see the Metrograph reviving it through their distribution arm. On top of that, the retrospective of Brazilian filmmaker Nelson Pereira Dos Santos continues through Sunday, including a few repeat showings. Late Nites at Metrograph  offers Gaspar Noe’s recent Climax, as well as Evangelion 1.0 and Evangelion 2.0for the Anime fans.  Playtime: Family Matinees ends the month with a classic Kurt Russell Disney movie, The Barefoot Executive  (1971).

THE NEW BEVERLY (L.A.):

Weds. afternoon is a screening of Melville’s 1956 film Bob Le Flambeur, while a double feature of Sydney Pollack’s The Yakuza  (1974) and John Woo’s A Better Tomorrow II  (1987) runs Weds. and Thursday. The Extended Version of Sam Peckinpah’s Major Dundee  (1965), starring Charlton Heston, screens on Friday and Saturday, followed by the double feature of Peter Sellers’ 1966 film After the Fox and Elaine May’s The Hearbreak Kid on Sunday and Monday. Tarantino’s The Hateful Eight and the 1983 comedy Doctor Detroit are the Friday and Saturday midnight movies, respectably. This weekend’s KIDEE MATINEE is Lord and Miller’s animated Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs, while Monday’s matinee is David Fincher’s Fight Club.

FILM FORUM (NYC):

The “Trilogies” series continues this weekend with Andrzej Wajda’s “War Trilogy” (A Generation, Kanal, Ashes and Diamonds) on Wednesday, Jean Cocteau’s “Orphic Trilogy” (Blood of a Poet, Orpheus and Testament of Orpheus) on Thursday. Ingmar Bergman’s “God and Man Trilogy” (Through a Glass Darkly, Winter Light and The Silence) screens on Friday, and then Nicolas Winding Refn’s Pusher trilogy begins on Friday then continues on Saturday, April 27, and the third part on May 4. (Trust me, this is not an easy series to watch in one sitting.) Also, Marcel Pagnol’s “Marseilles Trilogy” will screen on Sunday. Film Forum Jr. shows Satyajit Ray’s Pather Panchali (1955), which is also part of Ray’s “Apu Trilogy” for the “Trilogies” series. See how that works?

BAM CINEMATEK (NYC):

BAM is killing it this week with a number of releases including a restored rerelease of Nina Menkes’ 1991 film Queen of Diamond with Menkes present for a QnA on Friday night and a panel on Saturday night. Set in Vegas, it deals with a disaffected blackjack dealer who drifts through a series of encounters. On Wednesday, BAM’s “Screen Epiphanies” series continues with Vanity Faircritic K. Austin Collins presenting Brian De Palma’s thriller Femme Fatale, starring Rebecca Romjin. Lastly, on Sunday, the “Beyond the Canon” series continues with a double feature of Charles Lane’s Sidewalk Stories  (1989) with Charlie Chaplin’s The Kid (1921).

EGYPTIAN THEATRE (LA):

The Egyptian gets in on Aero’s Classic Movie ClownsThursday with a Marx Brothers double feature of A Night at the Opera (1935) and A Day at the Races  (1937) with authors Robert Bader and Josh Frank signing their book. Friday sees a Stanley Donen tribute with a screening of Singin’ in the Rain  (1952), plus there will be an encore screening of the 7-hour War and Peace  (1967) on Sunday and Disney’s Mary Poppins (1964) on Sunday with a panel in conjunction with the Art Directors Guild Film Society.

AERO  (LA):

A new series called “Cowboys and Samurai” begins this week, and it’s little surprise that most of the samurai movies are from Akira Kurosawa. It begins on Thursday with a double feature of Rashomon (1950)and High Noon, then continues Friday with The Searchers (1956) and The Hidden Fortress (1958) and Seven Samurai (1954) and The Wild Bunch  (1969) on Saturday. Sunday’s double feature is Clint Eastwood’s Unforgiven (1992) and the 1962 film Harakiri (1962) (not directed by Kurosawa!). Sunday is also a rescheduled screening of the musical Annie (1982), as part of the Albert Finney remembrance.

IFC CENTER (NYC)

Waverly Midnights: Parental Guidance  continues with Poltergeist  (1982), Weekend Classics: Love Mom and Dad screens Charlie Chaplin’s The Kid  (1921), while Late Night Favorites: Spring shows Jodorowsky’s El Topo (1970).

MOMA (NYC):

Modern Matinees: B is for Bacall will show 1956’s Written on the Windon Weds, How to Marry a Millionaire  (1953) Thursday and then end the series on Friday with a reshowing of Vincent Minelli’s Designing Woman  (1957).

MUSEUM OF THE MOVING IMAGE (NYC):

The museum’s See it Big! Action series continues with two screenings of William Friedkin’s The French Connection 1971) on Friday and Saturday, Bullitt  (1968) on Saturday and George Miller’s Mad Max: Fury Road on Sunday. There will also be a showing of William Lustig’s 1980 horror film Maniacwith Lustig in attendance as part of its Disreputable Cinema series. This weekend is the first I’ve ever wished I lived out in Astoria, Queens.

QUAD CINEMA (NYC):

Wild Things: The Ferocious Films of Nelly Kaplan ends Thursday, but I don’t have any information for the weekend as of yet.

LANDMARK THEATRES NUART  (LA):

This Friday’s midnight movie is John Carpenter’s The Thing (1982), also starring Kurt Russell.

That’s it for this week. Next week: Four new wide releases that aren’t Avengers: Endgame!

[jonathanbelloblog]

Who is Max Hoffman?

If you’re one of the millions of Americans with an affinity for European automobiles, you’re a part of a fan base dating back several generations to the early 1950s. Though long before any of the European auto marques prowled our roads and interstates, Americans largely bought Detroit-made automobiles. In that sea of land yachts, endless chrome, and tail-fins proliferating from a booming industrial revolution and war-driven economy, foreign automobiles of any kind were virtually non-existent, except for the few aristocrats who could afford the really expensive ones.

The presence of European automobiles on U.S. soil wouldn’t be if it wasn’t for one ambitious man with a knack for fine automobiles and a rather extensive dealership network: a Mr. Maximillian Edwin Hoffman. Max Hoffman is credited for single-handedly introducing European cars to the world’s largest market for the automobile at the time.

And at this year’s massive and second annual air-cooled Porsche gathering, Driven to America, in Long Island, New York, Mr. Hoffman’s presence was acknowledged with the display of his “Circle of Legends,” or all of the key models Hoffman introduced to American buyers for the first time. Hoffman was celebrated in conjunction with Porsche’s 70th anniversary as a sports car maker. The company’s presence on U.S. soil, along with nearly every other major European manufacturer, would not be without the efforts of Mr. Hoffman.

Hoffman’s U.S.-based operation officially began on the East Coast after immigrating to the U.S. and fleeing the grasp of Germany’s Third Reich. He opened up his first American dealership, Hoffman Motor Company, in 1947 initially selling Jaguars and eventually, Volkswagens by 1948.

By 1952, he opened the flood gates to Mercedes-Benz models, allowing him to gain an understanding for America’s interest in fine European automobiles. Hoffman’s first major move however occurred when he suggested that Mercedes-Benz produce a road-going version of Rudolf Uhlenhaut’s record-breaking W194 300SL racecar, driven by none other than the likes of Juan Manuel Fangio and Stirling Moss.

He anticipated the street-going variants and the idea of a toned-down Grand Prix racer for the road would bode well with the flamboyant tastes of wealthy Americans. But Mercedes-Benz wasn’t quite in synchrony with the idea, until Hoffman himself placed an order for 1,000 examples before the project could gain approval. His determination and belief in its success eventually led to the birth of the legendary W198 300SL Gullwing and W121 190SL roadsters. Its first actual customer: none other than the one and only Briggs Cunningham.

In 1954, the Gullwing debuted at the New York Auto Show after Hoffman convinced Mercedes-Benz to build it. From that, he secured the rights as the sole official importer of Mercedes-Benz with his own dealership network that he personally built up since 1947 out of the New York area, selling the finest automobiles Europe had to offer to rich Americans.

He then expanded his operation, utilizing his accumulated expertise and understanding of the U.S. luxury car market to coax BMW into developing the 507 as a more affordable German sports roadster alternative to the Mercedes-Benz 300SL, using influence from the 501 and 502 sedans.

Along the same lines, he later convinced Porsche to cut the roof off its all-new Type 356 coupe to make a high-performance sports roadster, leading to the birth of the 356 Speedster. Word on the street is that he even designed the company’s iconic insignia. And he even played a major role in making Alfa Romeo come up with the Giulietta Spider.

But Hoffman didn’t just dedicate his business to exclusive luxury sports cars. His efforts played a monumental role with introducing the Volkswagen Beetle and the BMW 2002 to the U.S. market. Further, his showroom space wasn’t limited to just German automobiles, as he also imported Alfa Romeos, Austin-Healeys, Fiats, MGs, and other famed European marques.

Born and raised in Vienna, Austria, Hoffman lived out most of his early life perpetuating his father’s bicycle manufacturing operation and later, as an amateur racer. He retired from the sport in 1934 and commenced a career importing the most opulent American iron available into Austria, from the likes of Duesenberg, Cord, Auburn, and Pontiac. Hoffman was also the first agent to pitch Volvos outside Sweden’s domestic market.

With the rise of Germany’s Third Reich encroaching its way into Austria because of the Anschluss of 1938 and Hoffman in disagreement with its rhetoric, particularly since Hoffman himself had Jewish ancestry, he relocated his business to Paris. But a few short years later in 1939, Britain and France declared war on Germany, forcing Hoffman to cross the Atlantic and settle down in the New York area.

Unfortunately, after arriving on U.S. soil on December 7, 1941, Hoffman had to temporarily shelve his car dealer operation since automobile demand within the U.S. virtually vanished as the country focused on fighting the Axis powers. Let alone, nobody in America had interest in European automobiles, especially German ones, and battered European automakers weren’t exactly in the position to continue manufacturing passenger vehicles either. To make ends meet, Hoffman temporarily and successfully took up the business of manufacturing costume jewelry.

Once the war was over, Hoffman permanently made New York his home. Using the funds he accumulated from his costume jewelry operation, he reentered the car dealer business, opening shop in both Manhattan and Los Angeles establishing the Hoffman Motor Car Company. With soldiers returning home, fueling the baby-boomer wave, buyers eagerly awaited Detroit to churn out the post-war “cars of tomorrow.”

But Hoffman insisted that those cars were already available, albeit, just from Europe and with levels of sophistication never seen before. As a result, interest in European automobiles skyrocketed. Such marques ranged from French Delahayes, to Italian Lancias, and British Jaguars—most notably, the Jaguar XK120, a personal favorite of his.

It was then that he became the sole importer and distributor for both Mercedes-Benz and BMW, and eventually Volkswagen. And upon receiving the first set of 20 Volkswagens ever shipped to the U.S., this transaction led to his introduction to Porsche.

Through the 1950s, Hoffman continued as the sole importer of those major German marques, coordinating the sale of Mercedes-Benzes through the Studebaker-Packard corporation. With Daimler-Benz AG seeing the market potential in the U.S. themselves, they decided to embark on a mission to establish its own dealership network in America, cutting ties with Hoffman by 1957.

By this point, Hoffman’s initial contract with Jaguar and Volkswagen had long-since been in the garbage bin and he sought new efforts. Witnessing growing success with BMW in America, Hoffman went full-speed ahead with the brand. He persuaded the at-the-time reluctant and financially conservative management to build a two-door version of its newly introduced 1500 and 1600 “New Class” era of passenger vehicles, complete with a new 2-liter engine, specifically for the U.S. market. And thus, the 2002 was born and from its profound success in the U.S., it led BMW to establish its North American operation.

With Mercedes-Benz dominating the European full-size luxury sedan segment in America, Hoffman further convinced BMW to follow the America’s popular hot rod and muscle car formula of the 1960s of “fitting the largest engine in a lower optioned, lightweight version” of its automobiles, with its 2500 and 2800 sedans (also known as the Bavaria), establishing a line that would soon become the famed 7-Series.

Hoffman’s introduction of the Bavaria would later mark the end of his efforts as a car importer in the U.S. as he retired from the auto business in 1975, selling off his remaining company to BMW. And in 1981, Hoffman was laid to rest.

But Hoffman’s legacy remains with millions of buyers still flocking to European automakers as the choice for their set of wheels. So the next time you appreciate a European automobile on U.S. soil, you can pretty much thank Mr. Hoffman for making European imports less foreign to American buyers.

Check out Five Favorite Porsches from the Driven to America 2 Car Show.

The post Who is Max Hoffman? appeared first on Automobile Magazine.

from Performance Junk Blogger Feed 4 https://ift.tt/2PBY5DD via IFTTT

[eddiejpoplar]

Who is Max Hoffman?

If you’re one of the millions of Americans with an affinity for European automobiles, you’re a part of a fan base dating back several generations to the early 1950s. Though long before any of the European auto marques prowled our roads and interstates, Americans largely bought Detroit-made automobiles. In that sea of land yachts, endless chrome, and tail-fins proliferating from a booming industrial revolution and war-driven economy, foreign automobiles of any kind were virtually non-existent, except for the few aristocrats who could afford the really expensive ones.

The presence of European automobiles on U.S. soil wouldn’t be if it wasn’t for one ambitious man with a knack for fine automobiles and a rather extensive dealership network: a Mr. Maximillian Edwin Hoffman. Max Hoffman is credited for single-handedly introducing European cars to the world’s largest market for the automobile at the time.

And at this year’s massive and second annual air-cooled Porsche gathering, Driven to America, in Long Island, New York, Mr. Hoffman’s presence was acknowledged with the display of his “Circle of Legends,” or all of the key models Hoffman introduced to American buyers for the first time. Hoffman was celebrated in conjunction with Porsche’s 70th anniversary as a sports car maker. The company’s presence on U.S. soil, along with nearly every other major European manufacturer, would not be without the efforts of Mr. Hoffman.

Hoffman’s U.S.-based operation officially began on the East Coast after immigrating to the U.S. and fleeing the grasp of Germany’s Third Reich. He opened up his first American dealership, Hoffman Motor Company, in 1947 initially selling Jaguars and eventually, Volkswagens by 1948.

By 1952, he opened the flood gates to Mercedes-Benz models, allowing him to gain an understanding for America’s interest in fine European automobiles. Hoffman’s first major move however occurred when he suggested that Mercedes-Benz produce a road-going version of Rudolf Uhlenhaut’s record-breaking W194 300SL racecar, driven by none other than the likes of Juan Manuel Fangio and Stirling Moss.

He anticipated the street-going variants and the idea of a toned-down Grand Prix racer for the road would bode well with the flamboyant tastes of wealthy Americans. But Mercedes-Benz wasn’t quite in synchrony with the idea, until Hoffman himself placed an order for 1,000 examples before the project could gain approval. His determination and belief in its success eventually led to the birth of the legendary W198 300SL Gullwing and W121 190SL roadsters. Its first actual customer: none other than the one and only Briggs Cunningham.

In 1954, the Gullwing debuted at the New York Auto Show after Hoffman convinced Mercedes-Benz to build it. From that, he secured the rights as the sole official importer of Mercedes-Benz with his own dealership network that he personally built up since 1947 out of the New York area, selling the finest automobiles Europe had to offer to rich Americans.

He then expanded his operation, utilizing his accumulated expertise and understanding of the U.S. luxury car market to coax BMW into developing the 507 as a more affordable German sports roadster alternative to the Mercedes-Benz 300SL, using influence from the 501 and 502 sedans.

Along the same lines, he later convinced Porsche to cut the roof off its all-new Type 356 coupe to make a high-performance sports roadster, leading to the birth of the 356 Speedster. Word on the street is that he even designed the company’s iconic insignia. And he even played a major role in making Alfa Romeo come up with the Giulietta Spider.

But Hoffman didn’t just dedicate his business to exclusive luxury sports cars. His efforts played a monumental role with introducing the Volkswagen Beetle and the BMW 2002 to the U.S. market. Further, his showroom space wasn’t limited to just German automobiles, as he also imported Alfa Romeos, Austin-Healeys, Fiats, MGs, and other famed European marques.

Born and raised in Vienna, Austria, Hoffman lived out most of his early life perpetuating his father’s bicycle manufacturing operation and later, as an amateur racer. He retired from the sport in 1934 and commenced a career importing the most opulent American iron available into Austria, from the likes of Duesenberg, Cord, Auburn, and Pontiac. Hoffman was also the first agent to pitch Volvos outside Sweden’s domestic market.

With the rise of Germany’s Third Reich encroaching its way into Austria because of the Anschluss of 1938 and Hoffman in disagreement with its rhetoric, particularly since Hoffman himself had Jewish ancestry, he relocated his business to Paris. But a few short years later in 1939, Britain and France declared war on Germany, forcing Hoffman to cross the Atlantic and settle down in the New York area.

Unfortunately, after arriving on U.S. soil on December 7, 1941, Hoffman had to temporarily shelve his car dealer operation since automobile demand within the U.S. virtually vanished as the country focused on fighting the Axis powers. Let alone, nobody in America had interest in European automobiles, especially German ones, and battered European automakers weren’t exactly in the position to continue manufacturing passenger vehicles either. To make ends meet, Hoffman temporarily and successfully took up the business of manufacturing costume jewelry.

Once the war was over, Hoffman permanently made New York his home. Using the funds he accumulated from his costume jewelry operation, he reentered the car dealer business, opening shop in both Manhattan and Los Angeles establishing the Hoffman Motor Car Company. With soldiers returning home, fueling the baby-boomer wave, buyers eagerly awaited Detroit to churn out the post-war “cars of tomorrow.”

But Hoffman insisted that those cars were already available, albeit, just from Europe and with levels of sophistication never seen before. As a result, interest in European automobiles skyrocketed. Such marques ranged from French Delahayes, to Italian Lancias, and British Jaguars—most notably, the Jaguar XK120, a personal favorite of his.

It was then that he became the sole importer and distributor for both Mercedes-Benz and BMW, and eventually Volkswagen. And upon receiving the first set of 20 Volkswagens ever shipped to the U.S., this transaction led to his introduction to Porsche.

Through the 1950s, Hoffman continued as the sole importer of those major German marques, coordinating the sale of Mercedes-Benzes through the Studebaker-Packard corporation. With Daimler-Benz AG seeing the market potential in the U.S. themselves, they decided to embark on a mission to establish its own dealership network in America, cutting ties with Hoffman by 1957.

By this point, Hoffman’s initial contract with Jaguar and Volkswagen had long-since been in the garbage bin and he sought new efforts. Witnessing growing success with BMW in America, Hoffman went full-speed ahead with the brand. He persuaded the at-the-time reluctant and financially conservative management to build a two-door version of its newly introduced 1500 and 1600 “New Class” era of passenger vehicles, complete with a new 2-liter engine, specifically for the U.S. market. And thus, the 2002 was born and from its profound success in the U.S., it led BMW to establish its North American operation.

With Mercedes-Benz dominating the European full-size luxury sedan segment in America, Hoffman further convinced BMW to follow the America’s popular hot rod and muscle car formula of the 1960s of “fitting the largest engine in a lower optioned, lightweight version” of its automobiles, with its 2500 and 2800 sedans (also known as the Bavaria), establishing a line that would soon become the famed 7-Series.

Hoffman’s introduction of the Bavaria would later mark the end of his efforts as a car importer in the U.S. as he retired from the auto business in 1975, selling off his remaining company to BMW. And in 1981, Hoffman was laid to rest.

But Hoffman’s legacy remains with millions of buyers still flocking to European automakers as the choice for their set of wheels. So the next time you appreciate a European automobile on U.S. soil, you can pretty much thank Mr. Hoffman for making European imports less foreign to American buyers.

Check out Five Favorite Porsches from the Driven to America 2 Car Show.

The post Who is Max Hoffman? appeared first on Automobile Magazine.

from Performance Junk Blogger 6 https://ift.tt/2PBY5DD via IFTTT

[jesusvasser]

Who is Max Hoffman?

If you’re one of the millions of Americans with an affinity for European automobiles, you’re a part of a fan base dating back several generations to the early 1950s. Though long before any of the European auto marques prowled our roads and interstates, Americans largely bought Detroit-made automobiles. In that sea of land yachts, endless chrome, and tail-fins proliferating from a booming industrial revolution and war-driven economy, foreign automobiles of any kind were virtually non-existent, except for the few aristocrats who could afford the really expensive ones.

The presence of European automobiles on U.S. soil wouldn’t be if it wasn’t for one ambitious man with a knack for fine automobiles and a rather extensive dealership network: a Mr. Maximillian Edwin Hoffman. Max Hoffman is credited for single-handedly introducing European cars to the world’s largest market for the automobile at the time.

And at this year’s massive and second annual air-cooled Porsche gathering, Driven to America, in Long Island, New York, Mr. Hoffman’s presence was acknowledged with the display of his “Circle of Legends,” or all of the key models Hoffman introduced to American buyers for the first time. Hoffman was celebrated in conjunction with Porsche’s 70th anniversary as a sports car maker. The company’s presence on U.S. soil, along with nearly every other major European manufacturer, would not be without the efforts of Mr. Hoffman.

Hoffman’s U.S.-based operation officially began on the East Coast after immigrating to the U.S. and fleeing the grasp of Germany’s Third Reich. He opened up his first American dealership, Hoffman Motor Company, in 1947 initially selling Jaguars and eventually, Volkswagens by 1948.

By 1952, he opened the flood gates to Mercedes-Benz models, allowing him to gain an understanding for America’s interest in fine European automobiles. Hoffman’s first major move however occurred when he suggested that Mercedes-Benz produce a road-going version of Rudolf Uhlenhaut’s record-breaking W194 300SL racecar, driven by none other than the likes of Juan Manuel Fangio and Stirling Moss.

He anticipated the street-going variants and the idea of a toned-down Grand Prix racer for the road would bode well with the flamboyant tastes of wealthy Americans. But Mercedes-Benz wasn’t quite in synchrony with the idea, until Hoffman himself placed an order for 1,000 examples before the project could gain approval. His determination and belief in its success eventually led to the birth of the legendary W198 300SL Gullwing and W121 190SL roadsters. Its first actual customer: none other than the one and only Briggs Cunningham.

In 1954, the Gullwing debuted at the New York Auto Show after Hoffman convinced Mercedes-Benz to build it. From that, he secured the rights as the sole official importer of Mercedes-Benz with his own dealership network that he personally built up since 1947 out of the New York area, selling the finest automobiles Europe had to offer to rich Americans.

He then expanded his operation, utilizing his accumulated expertise and understanding of the U.S. luxury car market to coax BMW into developing the 507 as a more affordable German sports roadster alternative to the Mercedes-Benz 300SL, using influence from the 501 and 502 sedans.

Along the same lines, he later convinced Porsche to cut the roof off its all-new Type 356 coupe to make a high-performance sports roadster, leading to the birth of the 356 Speedster. Word on the street is that he even designed the company’s iconic insignia. And he even played a major role in making Alfa Romeo come up with the Giulietta Spider.

But Hoffman didn’t just dedicate his business to exclusive luxury sports cars. His efforts played a monumental role with introducing the Volkswagen Beetle and the BMW 2002 to the U.S. market. Further, his showroom space wasn’t limited to just German automobiles, as he also imported Alfa Romeos, Austin-Healeys, Fiats, MGs, and other famed European marques.

Born and raised in Vienna, Austria, Hoffman lived out most of his early life perpetuating his father’s bicycle manufacturing operation and later, as an amateur racer. He retired from the sport in 1934 and commenced a career importing the most opulent American iron available into Austria, from the likes of Duesenberg, Cord, Auburn, and Pontiac. Hoffman was also the first agent to pitch Volvos outside Sweden’s domestic market.

With the rise of Germany’s Third Reich encroaching its way into Austria because of the Anschluss of 1938 and Hoffman in disagreement with its rhetoric, particularly since Hoffman himself had Jewish ancestry, he relocated his business to Paris. But a few short years later in 1939, Britain and France declared war on Germany, forcing Hoffman to cross the Atlantic and settle down in the New York area.

Unfortunately, after arriving on U.S. soil on December 7, 1941, Hoffman had to temporarily shelve his car dealer operation since automobile demand within the U.S. virtually vanished as the country focused on fighting the Axis powers. Let alone, nobody in America had interest in European automobiles, especially German ones, and battered European automakers weren’t exactly in the position to continue manufacturing passenger vehicles either. To make ends meet, Hoffman temporarily and successfully took up the business of manufacturing costume jewelry.

Once the war was over, Hoffman permanently made New York his home. Using the funds he accumulated from his costume jewelry operation, he reentered the car dealer business, opening shop in both Manhattan and Los Angeles establishing the Hoffman Motor Car Company. With soldiers returning home, fueling the baby-boomer wave, buyers eagerly awaited Detroit to churn out the post-war “cars of tomorrow.”

But Hoffman insisted that those cars were already available, albeit, just from Europe and with levels of sophistication never seen before. As a result, interest in European automobiles skyrocketed. Such marques ranged from French Delahayes, to Italian Lancias, and British Jaguars—most notably, the Jaguar XK120, a personal favorite of his.

It was then that he became the sole importer and distributor for both Mercedes-Benz and BMW, and eventually Volkswagen. And upon receiving the first set of 20 Volkswagens ever shipped to the U.S., this transaction led to his introduction to Porsche.

Through the 1950s, Hoffman continued as the sole importer of those major German marques, coordinating the sale of Mercedes-Benzes through the Studebaker-Packard corporation. With Daimler-Benz AG seeing the market potential in the U.S. themselves, they decided to embark on a mission to establish its own dealership network in America, cutting ties with Hoffman by 1957.

By this point, Hoffman’s initial contract with Jaguar and Volkswagen had long-since been in the garbage bin and he sought new efforts. Witnessing growing success with BMW in America, Hoffman went full-speed ahead with the brand. He persuaded the at-the-time reluctant and financially conservative management to build a two-door version of its newly introduced 1500 and 1600 “New Class” era of passenger vehicles, complete with a new 2-liter engine, specifically for the U.S. market. And thus, the 2002 was born and from its profound success in the U.S., it led BMW to establish its North American operation.

With Mercedes-Benz dominating the European full-size luxury sedan segment in America, Hoffman further convinced BMW to follow the America’s popular hot rod and muscle car formula of the 1960s of “fitting the largest engine in a lower optioned, lightweight version” of its automobiles, with its 2500 and 2800 sedans (also known as the Bavaria), establishing a line that would soon become the famed 7-Series.

Hoffman’s introduction of the Bavaria would later mark the end of his efforts as a car importer in the U.S. as he retired from the auto business in 1975, selling off his remaining company to BMW. And in 1981, Hoffman was laid to rest.

But Hoffman’s legacy remains with millions of buyers still flocking to European automakers as the choice for their set of wheels. So the next time you appreciate a European automobile on U.S. soil, you can pretty much thank Mr. Hoffman for making European imports less foreign to American buyers.

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