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tutoroot · 13 days

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What are the Characteristics of Bridge Rectifier?

Before we get into the core of working of a bridge rectifier, let us understand what a rectifier is. A rectifier is an electrical circuit that turns an alternating current voltage input into a direct current voltage at the output terminal. In regular parlance, AC voltage is converted into DC voltage by a rectifier. The rectified output voltage is the name given to this output. Rectifiers are primarily used in power supplies, supplying DC voltage to electronic equipment.

Electronic circuits primarily need rectifiers to power electronic components, whereas DC powering happens from the available AC mains supply. Of the rectifiers, bridge rectifiers are known to be the most effective circuits. They fall under the full-wave rectifier category. In the ensuing sections, let us learn more about the working of bridge rectifiers. Besides, the bridge rectifier circuit diagram is also made available for better understanding through an illustration. The article also clearly covers the characteristics of the full-wave bridge rectifier.

So, rectifiers are primarily classified into two categories, based on their operation-

Half Wave Rectifiers

Full-Wave Rectifiers

Full-wave rectifiers are more effective than half-wave rectifiers in increasing the efficiency of the rectification. Full-wave rectifiers generate an output voltage by using both positive and negative half cycles of the input voltage.

Full-wave rectifiers are in turn classified into two types:

Bridge full-wave Rectifier

Centre tap full-wave rectifier

Let us know more about full-wave bridge rectifiers before we attempt to get deeper into learning about bridge rectifiers.

A full wave rectifier is a rectifier that transforms both halves of each alternating wave cycle (alternating current) into a pulsing DC (direct current) signal.

Full-wave rectifiers are used for a smoother and more consistent supply of power. Full-wave rectifiers are used to convert a whole cycle of alternating current voltage (AC) to direct current voltage (DC).

The differentiation between these two types of full-wave rectifiers goes a long way in understanding effectively the full-wave rectifier working

In a center-tapped full-wave rectifier, the system is made up of a center-tapped transformer, two diodes, and a resistive load. Whereas, under a full-wave bridge rectifier, the architecture features four diodes or more, and the resistive load. The diodes are named A, B, C and D, and form a bridge circuit.

What is Bridge Rectifier?

A bridge rectifier is a full-wave rectifier that use four diodes to create a close-loop bridge. The diodes operate in pairs during each positive and negative half cycle, resulting in no power waste.

A bridge rectifier does not require a center tap over the transformer’s secondary winding. The input is sent through a transformer to the diode bridge’s diagonal. Unlike the center tap rectifier, which consumes 50% of the transformer, the transformer in this circuit is constantly busy since it delivers power during both cycles of input AC.

Working of Bridge Rectifier

Typically, a bridge rectifier works as follows:

As soon as an AC signal is sent through the bridge rectifier, terminal A turns positive during the positive half cycle, while terminal B changes to negative. Thus, two diodes, D1 and D3 turn into forward bias, while the other two, D2 and D4 operate in reverse bias.

In the case of a negative half-cycle, terminal B transforms into a positive one while terminal A is now negative. In this case, the diodes, D2 and D4 change to forward bias, whereas the diodes, D1 and D3 are now reverse biased.

Thus, a bridge rectifier enables the flow of the electric current during positive and negative half cycles of the input AC signal.

Bridge Rectifier Formulae and Characteristics of Bridge Rectifier

Let us understand the characteristics of a bridge rectifier based on the following aspects:

Ripple Factor

The ripple factor is a factor that measures the smoothness of the output DC signal. The output DC with more occasional ripples is referred to as a smooth DC signal, whereas if the output is with more ripples, it is a high-pulsating DC signal.

The ripple factor mathematically is defined as the ratio of ripple voltage to pure DC voltage.

Pros and Cons of Bridge Rectifier

Advantages of Full Wave Bridge Rectifier

The efficiency of a bridge rectifier is greater than that of a half-wave rectifier. The rectifier efficiency of the bridge rectifier and the center-tapped full-wave rectifier, on the other hand, is the same.

The bridge rectifier’s DC output signal is smoother than the DC output signal of a half-wave rectifier.

A half-wave rectifier uses just half of the incoming AC signal and blocks the other half. A half-wave rectifier wastes half of the input signal. A bridge rectifier lets electricity flow through both the positive and negative halves. As a result, the output DC signal is almost equivalent to the input AC signal.

Disadvantages of Bridge Rectifier

A bridge rectifier’s circuit is more complicated than that of a half-wave rectifier or a center-tapped full-wave rectifier. Bridge rectifiers require four diodes, whereas half-wave and center-tapped full-wave rectifiers need just two.

As more diodes are utilized, more power is lost. Only one diode is conducted during each half cycle of a center-tapped full-wave rectifier. With a bridge rectifier, on the other hand, two diodes linked in series conduct throughout each half cycle. As a result, the voltage drop is larger with a bridge rectifier.

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#bridgerectifier #bridgerectifiercircuit #bridgerectifierdiagram

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boldlong · 2 years

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Disk led for android

#Disk led for android how to#

#Disk led for android drivers#

#Disk led for android driver#

#Disk led for android professional#

Digital controllers with a digital interface such as UART enable designers to implement power monitoring at the luminaire level.

#Disk led for android driver#

The trend is now moving towards more elegant methods and LED driver PCB design, with LED driver manufacturers and lighting fixture makers opting for NFC technology, for example. To date, DIP switches have been typically deployed to configure the output current of LED drivers. single-stage PFC flyback combined with a secondary buck regulator. Growing dissatisfaction with this ripple is fueling widespread adoption of two-stage topologies, i.e. LED driver power supply based on a single-stage flyback topology usually have an output current ripple of ☓0 percent. Many customers demand compliance with PFC and THD regulatory requirements at 50 percent dimming. Design strategies usually use analog dimming to a certain level and then switch to PWM dimming for lower levels. Dimming down to 1 percent light output has become mainstream for indoor lighting. The right MOSFETs, a high-voltage start-up cell, as well as synchronous rectification, can also have a positive impact. Product lifetime System efficiency can be influenced by the choice of topology and the type of components used.Ī resonant topology, for instance, can increase LED driver efficiency by 4–5 percent.Ability to support add-on features such as power monitoring.

#Disk led for android drivers#

The type of LED drivers used in an LED lighting application has a significant impact on key system performance indicators such as: Also, enhanced diagnosis functions can be realized by using the NFC communication for maintenance purposes of LED lighting systems.Ĭreate innovatively and differentiated LED lighting power supply systems with our latest NFC ICs combined with highly efficient power management solutions for high-density LED drivers with a wide dimming range. No cable is needed to connect the LED driver power supply to the user interface and multiple drivers can be controlled without effort. The benefits of this technology are the wireless linking and programming of the LED driver.

#Disk led for android professional#

With the NFC enabled LED driver, the LED output can be easily programmed during the manufacturing, installation and maintenance using the professional NFC reader devices. LED power supply units and LED drivers with integrated NFC interfaces are becoming increasingly common. A reduction of energy consumption, while still increasing the comfort and attractiveness for users and tenants, needs to be achieved. There is an increased demand for smart lighting solutions in commercial and residential buildings to reduce installation, maintenance, and operating costs. Learn more about LED driver design basics with our AC-DC LED driver design guide and our Lighting ICs in general.

#Disk led for android how to#

Ultimately, when deciding how to design the LED driver circuit, the topology most suitable for your design depends on the specific features to implement and your platform concept. This topology supports intelligent lighting features as well as low dimming levels and other features. Using primary constant voltage with secondary buck stage is a further option for LED lighting driver design. For LED driver circuit designs with higher power ratings and larger feature sets, dual-stage topologies with a dedicated stage for power factor correction (PFC) and a dedicated stage for flyback or LLC are common. Low-power and cost-sensitive LED driver designs for lighting applications usually turn to single-stage flyback topology. The topology used in LED lighting driver design depends on the power rating and feature set. Typically, LED drivers to provide a constant current to LED light engines for applications such as commercial indoor lighting, street lighting, and high bay lighting.

#Disk led for android

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dallachy01-blog · 5 years

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#Secondary output rectifications #ultrafast rectifier diode #Reverse recovery time #ultrafast recovery diode

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pridham06-blog · 6 years

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#Ultrafast diode secondary output rectifications switching power efficiency rectifiers high frequency switched mode power supplies reverse re

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wyl2021 · 3 years

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Baoding Jinkai Automation Technology Co., Ltd.

www.weldedpipetube.com

E-mail：[email protected]

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Solid State High Frequency Welder

Scope of application of solid state high frequency welding machine

Low carbon and high strength steel pipe (round pipe, square pipe,

rectangular pipe, special-shaped pipe) welding, stainless steel pipe

welding, copper pipe welding, aluminum pipe welding, H-beam welding,

finned pipe welding. Welding methods can be divided into induction

welding and contact welding.

Functional structure of solid state high frequency welding machine

Solid state high frequency welding machine can provide a complete

solution for the welding of low carbon steel, high strength steel, copper,

aluminum, stainless steel and other materials. The high frequency power

supply adopts AC-DC-AC frequency conversion structure. The rectifier

can be designed in different forms such as three-phase 6-pulse thyristor

rectification, three-phase 12-pulse thyristor rectification or IGBT DC

chopper according to the different needs of the user's power grid; the

inverter uses high-voltage and high-power MOSFETs to form a full-bridge

resonant inverter; The inverter output adopts high-efficiency ferrite

matching transformer to complete power synthesis, impedance matching

and electrical isolation; the resonant tank circuit adopts secondary side

series resonance.

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monica2016 · 3 years

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RPSC Assistant professor ABST Recruitment 2020-21

In this blog we will cover assistant professor vacancies in Rajasthan including its syllabus , exam dates , exam pattern , books , notes , how to apply and special tips by toppers about how to crack this exam .

RPSC Rajasthan has issued the notification for recruitment of assistant professor vacancy in Rajasthan for 82 vacant posts in ABST i.e Accounts and business statistics.The exams for proposed recruitment of abst assistant professor was to be held in April 2021 but now the exams are postponed and exams are proposed to be held in September 2021 and scheduled dates are from 24th September onwards. RPSC conducts these exams so if you are looking for teaching profession after post-graduation , you can prepare for this exam and for Rajasthan lecturer vacancy you need to clear UGC NET exam/ State SLAT exam .

we are providing complete Video lectures, Short Notes , 5000+ MCQs and Practice Mock tests of professional knowledge part ,for paper 1 and paper 2 of RPSC Assistant professor ABST exams, which is most important has weightage of 150 marks out of 200 Marks written exam.

Key Highlights of RPSC Assistant professor ABST Recruitment 2020-21

Eligibility for Rajasthan university recruitment of assistant professor

For assistant professor vacancies, Post-Graduation with NET/SLAT is required in relevant subject for which you are applying .

For ABST Subject or Commerce candidates who are looking for assistant professor exam should have following educational qualifications-

Post-graduation in commerce with 55% or equivalent and

NET/ SLAT or similar qualification ,or

Candidates who is holding PHD as per UGC

Exam pattern of assistant professor vacancies

There will be two stages of exam

Stage 1. Written exam – MCQ based – 200 Marks

Stage 2. Interview – 24 Marks

Stage 1 of written MCQ based exam will have Three (3) Papers as under exam for assistant professor

Paper 1– Financial Accounting. Corporate accounting, Management accounting and cost accounting (Total 150 Questions for 75 Marks)

Paper 2- Audit , tax , business statistics (Total 150 Questions for 75 Marks)

Paper 3- Rajasthan GK (Total 100 Questions for 50 Marks)

Detailed syllabus of ABST Assistant professor is given at end of this blog for refence

Negative marking in Rajasthan lecturer vacancy

1/3rd penalty for each wrong answer will be deducted.

Exam and centres of assistant professor abst exam

It will be notified by RPSC Rajasthan very soon along with the admit cards .

Job profile of assistant professor in Rajasthan/workings In Rajasthan government as assistant professor Job.

Job of Assistant professor is most prestigious and as well very easy workings, as a professor you need to take only 3-4 lectures daily and along will that number of holidays are also good

RPSC Assistant professor ABST 2020-21 Vacancy and news regarding Number of expected vacancies

The present vacancy of assistant professor vacancy in Rajasthan is for total of 900+ posts for all subjects and number of vacancies for ABST is 82 , which is a very good number . further its is also expected that in 2022 Rajasthan government will issue notification for assistant professor exam, as soon as the rpsc exam time table is released on www rpsc gov in recruitment notification, we will notify it here.

RPSC recruitment of assistant professor exam date

for 2021 vacancy of assistant professor notification, exam dates proposed is 24th September 2021 onwards by rpsc. For any further updates about rpsc lecturer exam date keep checking this portal or you can also check latest updates at www rpsc govt in

Rpsc assistant professor salary

Salary of rpsc assistant professor is very good in comparison to other teaching jobs. with grade pay of 6000/- , rpsc assistant professor selected candidates get total salary of 80000+ after completion of probation period of two years .

How to apply for assistant professor

In order to apply for assistant professor exam, you need to follow the below given instructions

Step 1- Visit SSO Portal of Rajasthan Government and register / login to your sso id for applying rpsc assistant professor exam

Step 2 – go to recruitment portal on SSO and then you will be re-directed to new page where you will see assistant professor vacancies

Step 3- Click on Junior accountant and fill in details asked and save them.

Step 4 – submit the form of rpsc assistant professor exam and process for online fees payment

Step 5 – pay fees for assistant professor vacancies exam form

Note- take print out of Application form of assistant professor vacancies

Or alternatively you can also apply through an e-Mitra

Admit Card of RPSC assistant professor vacancy in rajasthan

Admit cards will be released very soon and well before exams and the admit cards will be available for download at official website of RPSC i.e www rpsc gov

Answer key of ABST assistant professor Rajasthan

Rpsc will release the answer key for rpsc professor exam after the exam is over and before the release of result and cut off.

Result of RPSC Assistant professor ABST

To be declared after 2-3 months of exam

Cut off of RPSC Assistant professor

It will be released soon after exams are held on official website of RPSC , we will intimate about dates as soon as it is available

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The detailed syllabus is as under university assistant professor exam or RPSC ABST assistant professor exam –

The syllabus of RPSC Assistant professor ABST Recruitment (rpsc assistant professor) will be as under –

Paper 1 (150 questions) (each 0.5 marks)

A- Financial Accounting

Introduction, meaning of Book-Keeping, Accounting and Accountancy, Distinction between Book-Keeping and Accounting, Accounting Process, Objectives of Accounting, Various users of Accounting information, Limitations of Accounting, Accounting Terminologies, Accounting Concepts, Principles and Conventions. Accounting Standards (Indian Accounting Standards), International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), Recording of Transactions Secondary Books, Trial Balance and Rectification of Errors, Final Accounts with adjustment entries, Closing entries, Financial Statements. Bank Reconciliation Statement, Bills of Exchange, Partnership Accounts- Admission of a Partner, Retirement of

Partner, Death of a Partner, Piecemeal Distribution of Cash and Amalgamation of firms, Depreciation Accounting, Price Level Changes Accounting, Hire Purchase and Instalment Payment Methods, Voyage Accounts, Accounting from Incomplete Records, Accounting Methods for Non-Profit making organisations.

B – Corporate Accounting

Introduction to Company Accounts, Kinds of Companies, Formation of Companies, Share Capital, Issue of Shares, Under Subscription and Over Subscription, Issue of shares at premium and discount, Buy-back of shares and Treasury stock, Accounting treatment and Ledger Preparation, Issue of Bonus and Right shares, Consolidation and split of shares, Redemption of Preference shares and Issue and Redemption of debentures, Preparation of final accounts with calculation of Managerial Remuneration, Disposal of Company profits and Distribution of Dividend, Accounts of Banking and Insurance Companies, Valuation of Goodwill, Valuation of shares, Amalgamation of Companies, Internal and External Reconstruction of companies (including scheme of Reconstruction) Accounts of Holding and subsidiary companies Liquidation of a Company, Double Account system (Accounting for public utilities companies Problems of merger and acquisition.

Accounting for agricultural forms, Government Accounting, corporate social Accounting Accounts of Solicitors, Accounts of Hospitals. Forensic Accounting, Accounting for tour and travel agencies, Basic financial and Accounting System for MFIS.

C – Cost Accounting

Concept of Cost and Cost Control, Cost Accounting methods (Job costing, Batch costing, Contract costing or Terminal costing, process costing including inter process profit, Single output or unit costing, Operating costing Operation costing, Multiple or composite costing, Departmental costing and uniform costing), Non-Integrated and Integrated cost Accounting system. Marginal Costing and Break-Even Analysis, Decisions based on Marginal Costing techniques, Budgetary Control and Preparation of various types of Budgets, Standard Costing and Ascertainment of Material, Labour, Overhead and Sales Variances, Activity Based Costing. Transfer Pricing, Life Cycle Costing, Strategic Cost and Performance Evaluation, Mechanic Accounting and E.D.P, Productivity Accounting and Implication of Computers for Cost Control and Cost reduction, Programmes and Planning, Employee’s Participation in cost reduction programmes.

D – Management Accounting

Objectives and Scope of Management Accounting, Ratio Analysis, Preparation of Fund Flow Statement and Cash Flow Statement. Capital Structure- Theories and Decisions, Cost of Capital, Working Capital Management, Capital Budgeting and Expenditure Decisions, Dividend Decisions, Balance Score Card, Measurement and Performance – ROI, MVA, EVA and Risk Analysis.

Value added Accounting, Human Resource Accounting, Responsibility Accounting, Operating and Financial leverages, Trading on Equity, Lease Financing, Inventory management.

Note:- Pattern of Question Paper

Objective type paper

Maximum Marks : 75

Number of Questions : 150

Duration of Paper : Three Hours

All questions carry equal marks.

Medium of Competitive Exam : Bilingual in English & Hindi

There will be Negative Marking.

PAPER – II

A. Taxation:

Direct Tax

Income Tax Law and Rules with reference to assessment of Individuals, HUF, Firm, AOP and Companies, Assessment Procedure and types of Assessment, Advance payment of tax, Tax deduction at source, Refund of tax, Double taxation, Tax Avoidance and Tax Evasion. Introductory part of Tax Planning with special reference to salaried employees and individuals. Minimum Alternate Tax Net.

Indirect Tax

Custom duty – Role of custom in International Trade, Important Terms and definitions under the custom Act, 1962, Assessable value , Baggage, Bill of entry Dutiable goods, Duty Exporter, Foreign going Vessel, Aircraft goods, Import Manifest, Importer, prohibited goods, Shipping Bill, Stores, Bill of lading, Export manifest, Letter of credit, Kind of Duties, Prohibition of Export and Import of Goods and Provisions regarding notified and specified goods, Import of Goods- Free import and Restricted import, Types of Import- Import of cargo, Import of personal Baggage, Import of stores, Tax Liability and Valuation of goods, computation of custom duty. Appeals and revisions.

CGST/SGST

Important terms and definitions under Central Goods and Service Tax Act 2017 and State and Service Tax Act 2017. Basics of GST. Meaning and scope of Supply, Levy and collection of Tax. Time and value of supply of goods and/or Services, Input Tax Credit, Transitional Provisions, Registration under CGST/SGST Act. Filing of Returns and Assessment, Payment of Tax including payment of tax on reverse charge basis, Refund under the Act. Maintenance of Accounts and Records, Composition Scheme, Job work and its Procedure, Various Exemptions Under GST. Demand and recovery under GST. Miscellaneous provisions. IGST-Scope of IGST, important terms and definitions for determining the place of supply and place of supply of goods and services, Zero rated supply.

B. Auditing:

Meaning, Objectives and Types of Audit. Internal Control, Vouching and Verification of Assets and Liabilities. Assurance and Audit standards, Audit Programme, Working Papers, Documentation, Audit Reports Audit of Companies Appointment, Removal, Rights, Duties and Liabilities of Auditor. Audit of Banks, Insurance Companies, Charitable Trust and Educational Institutions, Management Audit, Efficiency Audit, Cost Audit, EDP Audit, Environmental Audit, Social Audit, Performance Audit, Tax Audit and Audit of Accounting Information System.

C. Business Statistics and Operation Research:

Introduction, Definition and Functions of Statistics, Measures of Central Tendency, Dispersion, Skewness, Moments, Kurtosis, Sheppard’s Correction and Conditions for applying it, Index Numbers, Analysis of Time Series, Interapolation and Extrapolation, Vital Statistics, Correlation and Regression Analysis, Multiple Regression, Association of Attributes, Statistical Decision Theory, Sampling, Test of Hypothesis, Sampling and Non-Sampling errors, Sampling distributions and Standard Error, Sampling Methods, Large and Small Sample Analysis, Sampling of Attributes and Variables, Test of Significance. Z-Test, T-Test, F-Test, Theoretical Frequency Distributions, Probability, Analysis of Variance and Design of Experiments. Linear Programming, Network Analysis-PERT and CPM, Game Theory, Replacement Theory. Statistical Quality control Discriminant Analysis.

Note:- Pattern of Question Paper

Objective type paper

Maximum Marks : 75

Number of Questions : 150

Duration of Paper : Three Hours

All questions carry equal marks.

Medium of Competitive Exam : Bilingual in English & Hindi

There will be Negative Marking

https://oneexam.in/rpsc-assistant-professor-abst-recruitment-2020-21/

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polashislam · 4 years

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#Surface Mount Ultrafast Power Rectifier

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huimultd-solid-state-relays · 5 years

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N1-§4 What are the Types of Solid-State Relays?(2)

2. I/O form:

According to the I/O form, the solid-state relays can be divided to four types: DC input-AC output type solid state relays (DC-AC SSR relays), DC input-DC output type solid state relays (DC-DC SSR relays), AC input-AC output type solid state relays (AC-AC SSR relays), AC input-DC output type solid state relays(AC-DC SSR relays).

3. Switch Type:

According to the switch type, the SSR switches can be divided into normally open type solid state relays (or NO-SSRs) and normally closed type solid state relays (or NC-SSRs). The normally open solid-state relays will be turned on, only when the input terminals are applied with the control signal. On the contrary, the normally closed solid state relays will be turned off, when the input signal is applied to the input terminal. (Unless otherwise specified, the solid state relays in this document refer to normally open solid state relays by default.)

4. Isolation/Coupling:

According to isolation/coupling methods, the SSR can be divided into Reed Relay Coupled type solid state relays, Transformer Coupled type solid state relays, Photo Coupled type solid state relays, and Hybrid type solid state relays.

1) Reed Relay Coupling SSR (Figure 4.5, a) uses reed-switch as the isolation method. When the control signal is applied directly (or through the preamplifier) to the coil of the reed relay, the reed switch will close at once and the thyristor switch will be activated to make the load conduct. 2) Transformer Coupling SSR (Figure 4.5, b) uses a transformer as an isolation device. The transformer can convert the low power control signal from the primary coil to the secondary coil to generate a signal for driving the electronic switch. And if the input control signal is a DC voltage, a DC-AC converter is required in the input circuit. After processing by rectification, amplification or other modifications, the signal from the secondary coil can be used to drive the switching component. 3) Photo Coupling SSR (Figure 4.5, c), also known as photo-isolated SSR, or opto-coupled SSR, uses an optical coupler as an isolator. The optical coupler is an opto-isolator that consists of an infrared source (usually, a light-emitting diode, or LED) and a photo-sensitive semiconductor component (such as a photosensitive diode, a photo-sensitive transistor, and a photo-sensitive thyristor). According to the different components (Figure 4.6), the opto-coupler can be into Opto-Diode Coupler(Photo-Diode Coupler), Opto-Transistor Coupler(Photo-Transistor Coupler), Opto-SCR Coupler (Photo-SCR Coupler), and Opto-Triac Coupler(Photo-Triac Coupler).

The photo-semiconductor device detects the infra-red radiation from the LED, and then produces a signal to drive the semiconductor switch. Compared with reed relay and transformer, the optical isolator has better physical isolation ability, to ensure the electrical insulation between high voltage output load circuit and low voltage input signal circuit. And on account of the excellent isolation performance and very compact size of the optocoupler, the optocoupler solid state relay is used in a very wide range of applications. 4) Hybrid solid state relay is a special solid state relay which combines the advantages of EMR and SSR, with high efficiency and low power consumption. The input and output circuits of the hybrid solid-state relays are composed of an SSR relay and a reed switcher (or a micro-electromagnetic relay) in parallel, controlled by different control signals (Figure 4.7).

When Input Signal 1 is applied, the SSR immediately switches to the on state. Since the electronic switch has no moving parts, it can switch the load stably and quickly, and does not generate an arc due to high line voltage or heavy surge current during switching. After the load current is generated, the EMR will be controlled by the control signal 2 and switched on. Because the EMR is connected in parallel with the SSR, the output contact of the EMR is energized without voltage, and there is no arcing across the contacts. Then after a certain delay, the contact bouncing of the EMR settles down, and the SSR will be turned off. The EMR works almost with no heat, so the hybrid SSR relays can be run without a heat sink installed.

5. Circuit Structure:

According to different circuit structure, the solid-state relay can be divided into Discrete Structure Type solid state relays and Hybrid Structure Type solid state relays. The discrete structure solid state relays are mostly assembled by discrete components and printed-circuit board, and then packaged by epoxy resin potting, plastic sealing or resin wrapping. The hybrid structure solid state relays use thick-film combine technology to assemble discrete components and semiconductor integrated circuits (IC), and then encapsulate them in a metal or a ceramic housing.

6. Performance:

According to the performance, the solid-state relay can be divided into the Standard Type solid state relays, and the Industrial Type solid state relays. The rated current of the standard solid-state relay is generally 10A to 120A, and the rated current of the industrial solid-state relay is relatively large, can be 60A to 2000A or larger. Therefore, the industrial SSR relay can meet the strict requirements of the industrial environment and industrial machinery.

7. Mounting:

According to the mounting methods, the solid-state relays can be divided into Panel Mounting Type solid state relays (or Surface Mounting Type), DIN Rail Mounting Type solid state relays, and Printed Circuit Board Mounting Type solid state relays (or PCB Mounting Type). And the PCB mounting SSR can be further divided into Socket Mounting Type SSR (or Plug-in Mounting Type) and Bracket Mounting Type SSR (or Flange Mounting Type). The plug-in solid-state relays with many package standard (like SIP, Mini-SIP, and DIP), can be directly soldered on the printed circuit board, relying on natural cooling, without the need for a heat sink; the flange mounting solid state relays require the additional metal plate or heat sink to dissipate heat.

8. Application:

According to the application, the solid state relays can be divided into General Application Solid State Relays, Two-way Transmission Solid State Relays, Automotive Solid-State Relays, Latching Solid State Relays (the input signal runs as a logical Exclusive OR, or XOR, so any input can latch/unlatch the output), and so on.

#solid state relay category #automotive relay #ssr switch #electronic relay #solid state relay types

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dkwana-blog · 5 years

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FY2300 6MHz Arbitrary Waveform Dual Channel High Frequency Signal Generator 200MSa/s 100MHz Frequency Meter DDS

https://dkwana.com/product/fy2300-6mhz-arbitrary-waveform-dual-channel-high-frequency-signal-generator-200msa-s-100mhz-frequency-meter-dds/ FY2300 6MHz Arbitrary Waveform Dual Channel High Frequency Signal Generator 200MSa/s 100MHz Frequency Meter DDS Description: FY2300 6MHz Arbitrary Waveform Dual Channel High Frequency Signal Generator 200MSa/s 100MHz Frequency Meter DDS FY2300 series Dual Channel Function/Arbitrary Waveform Generator is a multifunctional signal generator product integrating Function Signal Generator, Arbitrary Waveform Generator, Pulse Signal Generator, Noise Signal Generator, Counter and Frequency Meter with excellent cost performance. This instrument adopts large scale CMOS integrated circuit and high speed MCU microprocessor. The internal circuit uses SPXO as the basic standard to guarantee the stability of signals. Surface mounting technology improves interference immunity and operational life span. This instrument has double channels can output 31 preseted DDS signals including Sine, Square, Triangle(Ramp), Rise Sawtooth, Fall Sawtooth, Lorenz Pulse, Multitone, Noise, Cardiogram, Trapezoidal Pulse, Sinc Pulse, Narrow Pulse, Gauss White Noise, AM, FM, Step and user-defined waveform. It can also output TTL electric level. Both channels are completely independent. It has friendly human-machine mutual interface. 2.4 inch TFT Color LCD with 320×240 resolution can display all the parameters of both channels and current functions of all buttons . Shortcut keys simplify all complicated operations and save time. Users can be proficient after several minutes practice. The advantages of this instrument in signal generating, waveform sweeping, parameter measurement and other fields, make it to be the ideal equipment for electronic engineers, laboratories, industry producing line, university, R&D institutes and so on. Features: I. Adopt DDS technology to generate accurate, stable signal with low distortion. II. Portable design with top grade aluminum alloy shell. Use DC5V power adopter or 5V portable power for power supply. III. 2.4 inch TFT Color LCD with 320×240 resolution can display all the parameters of both channels and current functions of all buttons . IV. Frequency output of Sine wave can be up to 25MHz. 200MSa/s sampling rate. 12 bits vertical resolution. V. Complete independent dual channels can work at same time and phase difference is adjustable.VI. Following function allows users to synchronize all or partial parameters of CH2 to CH1. VII. Two instruments or more can be synchronized by TTL_IO interface. VIII. Various Waveform: Sine Square Triangle/Ramp Rise Sawtooth Fall Sawtooth Lorenz Pulse Multitone Noise Electrocardiogram (ECG) Trapezoidal Pulse Sinc Pulse Narrow Pulse Gauss White Noise Step Triangle Positive Step Inverse Step Positive Exponent Inverse Exponent Positive Falling Exponent Inverse Falling Exponent Positive Logarithm Inverse Logarithm Positive Falling Logarithm Inverse Falling Logarithm Linear FM AM FM Positive Half Wave Negative Half Wave Positive Half Wave Rectification Negative Half Wave Rectification User-defined waveform It has 16 positions for saving user-defined waveform. Waveform Length of each one is 2048 and vertical resolution is 12 bits. 1 High frequency precision up to 10-6 orders of magnitude. 2 Full range of 1μHz frequency resolution. 3 Minimum amplitude resolution can be up to 1 mV. 4 Duty cycle of each channel can be adjusted separately. Precision can be 0.1%. 5 Direct digital Setting covering full range of frequency without grading. 6 Sweep Function: It can sweep 4 properties of signals including frequency, amplitude, offset and duty cycle. It has Linear and Logarithm two sweep types. Sweep time can be up to 999.99S. Sweep starting point and end point can be set arbitrarily. 7 It has pulse train burst output function. There has Manual Trigger, internal CH2 Trigger, and External Trigger for your options. It can output 1~1048575 pulse trains. 8 -10V~+10V DC Offset function. Resolution 0.01V. 9 Digital signal output function can output any 0~10V CMOS electric level. 10 Save function: It can save 20 sets user-set parameters and can be loaded at anytime. 11 It can measure frequency, period, pulse width and duty cycle. Max. frequency workable is 100MHz and Min. frequency workable is 0.01 Hz. 12 Counter Function: It has 2 coupling measure modes including DC coupling and AC coupling. This design can solve inaccuracy problem of AC coupling. 13 All parameters can be calibrated by internal program. 14 Powerful arbitrary waveform edit function: Users can download arbitrary waveform to this instrument after edit through PC program which is included in user CD. 15 Powerful communicating function. All functions can be controlled by PC program and the communication protocol is open for secondary development. 16 Output short-circuit protection: All channels can work more than 60 seconds when the load is short-circuited. 17 Can choose our FYV2000 series or FPA1000 series power amplifier to output 20W~60W signal in DC-3MHz width without any distortion. Package included: 1 x DDS Signal Generator 1 x DC 5V Power Adapter 1 x USB Cable 2 x Signal output cable 1 x CD(Contain the user manual and PC software) Details pictures:

https://dkwana.com/product/fy2300-6mhz-arbitrary-waveform-dual-channel-high-frequency-signal-generator-200msa-s-100mhz-frequency-meter-dds/

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tutoroot · 1 month

Text

What are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Bridge Rectifier?

So, rectifiers are primarily classified into two categories, based on their operation-

Half Wave Rectifiers

Full-Wave Rectifiers

Full-wave rectifiers are in turn classified into two types:

Bridge full-wave Rectifier

Centre tap full-wave rectifier

Let us know more about full-wave bridge rectifiers before we attempt to get deeper into learning about bridge rectifiers.

A full wave rectifier is a rectifier that transforms both halves of each alternating wave cycle (alternating current) into a pulsing DC (direct current) signal.

The differentiation between these two types of full-wave rectifiers goes a long way in understanding effectively the full-wave rectifier working

What is Bridge Rectifier?

A bridge rectifier is a full-wave rectifier that use four diodes to create a close-loop bridge. The diodes operate in pairs during each positive and negative half cycle, resulting in no power waste.

Working of Bridge Rectifier

Typically, a bridge rectifier works as follows:

Thus, a bridge rectifier enables the flow of the electric current during positive as well as negative half cycles of the input AC signal.

Bridge Rectifier Formulae and Characteristics of Bridge Rectifier

Let us understand the characteristics of a bridge rectifier based on the following aspects:

Ripple Factor

The ripple factor mathematically is defined as the ratio of ripple voltage to pure DC voltage.

A bridge rectifier’s ripple factor is given by

γ=(VrmsVdc)2−1−−−−−−−−−√

The ripple factor for bridge rectifiers is 0.48.

Peak Inverse Voltage

A peak inverse voltage is the greatest voltage that a diode can endure when biased in reverse. The diodes D1 and D3 are conducted during the positive half cycle, whereas D2 and D4 are not. Similarly, during the negative half cycle, diodes D2 and D4 current whereas diodes D1 and D3 do not.

Efficiency

The efficiency of a rectifier influences how well it converts Alternating Current (AC) into Direct Current (DC). A bridge rectifier’s highest efficiency is 81.2%.

η=DCOutputPowerACOutputPower

Pros and Cons of Bridge Rectifier

Advantages of Full Wave Bridge Rectifier

The bridge rectifier’s DC output signal is smoother than the DC output signal of a half-wave rectifier.

Disadvantages of Bridge Rectifier

#bridgerectifier #bridgerectifiercircuit #bridgerectifierdiagram

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sensoqstore · 5 years

Text

FY2300 6MHz Arbitrary Waveform Dual Channel High Frequency Signal Generator 200MSa/s 100MHz Frequency Meter DDS

https://sensoq.com/product/fy2300-6mhz-arbitrary-waveform-dual-channel-high-frequency-signal-generator-200msa-s-100mhz-frequency-meter-dds/ Description: FY2300 6MHz Arbitrary Waveform Dual Channel High Frequency Signal Generator 200MSa/s 100MHz Frequency Meter DDS FY2300 series Dual Channel Function/Arbitrary Waveform Generator is a multifunctional signal generator product integrating Function Signal Generator, Arbitrary Waveform Generator, Pulse Signal Generator, Noise Signal Generator, Counter and Frequency Meter with excellent cost performance. This instrument adopts large scale CMOS integrated circuit and high speed MCU microprocessor. The internal circuit uses SPXO as the basic standard to guarantee the stability of signals. Surface mounting technology improves interference immunity and operational life span. This instrument has double channels can output 31 preseted DDS signals including Sine, Square, Triangle(Ramp), Rise Sawtooth, Fall Sawtooth, Lorenz Pulse, Multitone, Noise, Cardiogram, Trapezoidal Pulse, Sinc Pulse, Narrow Pulse, Gauss White Noise, AM, FM, Step and user-defined waveform. It can also output TTL electric level. Both channels are completely independent. It has friendly human-machine mutual interface. 2.4 inch TFT Color LCD with 320×240 resolution can display all the parameters of both channels and current functions of all buttons . Shortcut keys simplify all complicated operations and save time. Users can be proficient after several minutes practice. The advantages of this instrument in signal generating, waveform sweeping, parameter measurement and other fields, make it to be the ideal equipment for electronic engineers, laboratories, industry producing line, university, R&D institutes and so on. Features: I. Adopt DDS technology to generate accurate, stable signal with low distortion. II. Portable design with top grade aluminum alloy shell. Use DC5V power adopter or 5V portable power for power supply. III. 2.4 inch TFT Color LCD with 320×240 resolution can display all the parameters of both channels and current functions of all buttons . IV. Frequency output of Sine wave can be up to 25MHz. 200MSa/s sampling rate. 12 bits vertical resolution. V. Complete independent dual channels can work at same time and phase difference is adjustable.VI. Following function allows users to synchronize all or partial parameters of CH2 to CH1. VII. Two instruments or more can be synchronized by TTL_IO interface. VIII. Various Waveform: Sine Square Triangle/Ramp Rise Sawtooth Fall Sawtooth Lorenz Pulse Multitone Noise Electrocardiogram (ECG) Trapezoidal Pulse Sinc Pulse Narrow Pulse Gauss White Noise Step Triangle Positive Step Inverse Step Positive Exponent Inverse Exponent Positive Falling Exponent Inverse Falling Exponent Positive Logarithm Inverse Logarithm Positive Falling Logarithm Inverse Falling Logarithm Linear FM AM FM Positive Half Wave Negative Half Wave Positive Half Wave Rectification Negative Half Wave Rectification User-defined waveform It has 16 positions for saving user-defined waveform. Waveform Length of each one is 2048 and vertical resolution is 12 bits. 1 High frequency precision up to 10-6 orders of magnitude. 2 Full range of 1μHz frequency resolution. 3 Minimum amplitude resolution can be up to 1 mV. 4 Duty cycle of each channel can be adjusted separately. Precision can be 0.1%. 5 Direct digital Setting covering full range of frequency without grading. 6 Sweep Function: It can sweep 4 properties of signals including frequency, amplitude, offset and duty cycle. It has Linear and Logarithm two sweep types. Sweep time can be up to 999.99S. Sweep starting point and end point can be set arbitrarily. 7 It has pulse train burst output function. There has Manual Trigger, internal CH2 Trigger, and External Trigger for your options. It can output 1~1048575 pulse trains. 8 -10V~+10V DC Offset function. Resolution 0.01V. 9 Digital signal output function can output any 0~10V CMOS electric level. 10 Save function: It can save 20 sets user-set parameters and can be loaded at anytime. 11 It can measure frequency, period, pulse width and duty cycle. Max. frequency workable is 100MHz and Min. frequency workable is 0.01 Hz. 12 Counter Function: It has 2 coupling measure modes including DC coupling and AC coupling. This design can solve inaccuracy problem of AC coupling. 13 All parameters can be calibrated by internal program. 14 Powerful arbitrary waveform edit function: Users can download arbitrary waveform to this instrument after edit through PC program which is included in user CD. 15 Powerful communicating function. All functions can be controlled by PC program and the communication protocol is open for secondary development. 16 Output short-circuit protection: All channels can work more than 60 seconds when the load is short-circuited. 17 Can choose our FYV2000 series or FPA1000 series power amplifier to output 20W~60W signal in DC-3MHz width without any distortion. Package included: 1 x DDS Signal Generator 1 x DC 5V Power Adapter 1 x USB Cable 2 x Signal output cable 1 x CD(Contain the user manual and PC software) Details pictures: Sensoq.com