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Discover the 10 Best Hindi News Channels in Noida.
In the fast-paced world of news, updated information from us users is important. If you want to keep track of specific news, Hindi news channels are good sources for latest updates, national pieces and in-depth analysis. Here are the 10 best Hindi news channels.
Aaj Tak
Aaj Tak is one of the best Hindi news channels of Noida which tells the most about its breaking news and local events. Yes, today Aaj Tak is considered the best news channel in entire India including Noida. It is mainly known for its quick, accurate breaking news and national and local events. One of India's most popular Hindi news channels is Aaj Tak, known for its speedy meetings and investigative journalism. To this day, both national and regional news are published on a large scale. His engaging presentation and cutting-edge journalism make him popular among millions of viewers.
Zee News
Zee News is a leading channel providing comprehensive news coverage. Zee News is considered one of the best Hindi news channels in Noida today. Zee News is considered good for its accurate coverage of political, social and regional news including areas like Noida. Considered as one of the news channels, Zee News is becoming very popular among the viewers in terms of providing accurate coverage. Shows like DNA (Daily News and Analysis) gained popularity in conveying immense information about current events. Anchors like Sudhir Chaudhary, who is a prominent face of the channel. He has attracted a devoted following
India TV
India TV provides all types of news from social to crime. India TV's shows such as "Aap Ki Adalat", hosted by Rajat Sharma, are highly popular and have contributed to its image as a reliable news source. The channel's ability to cover issues is the reason for its strong position in the market. India TV channel is one of the best Hindi news channels of Noida.
NDTV India
Hindustan NDTV is known for its comprehensive coverage of social and political affairs. It takes in both national headlines and regional news, with updated, well-researched stories from areas like Noida.
News18
India is known for its coverage of national headlines including Noida. News18 is one of the best Hindi news channels in Noida. India channel has contributed to the growing viewership.News18 India Hindi News18 India's balanced reporting with a blend of debate and in-depth analysis has contributed to its credibility and growing audience. The channel is also recognized for its good presence in digital media
ABP News
ABP news provides comprehensive news across debates, investigative reports and feature stories. ABP News is one of the best Hindi news channels in Noida. It provides comprehensive news on both national and local news. The channel has become known due to its strong presence on medical platforms in a short time. Due to which this channel is accessible to a wide audience.
Patrika TV
Focuses on local and political news and events from Noida and surrounding areas. Hindustan Patrika TV has become an influential source of information for viewers in areas like Rajasthan or Noida, where regional news is important.
News Nation
News Nation covers local news events from Noida. News Nation is one of the many news channels, some people like the news channel for its coverage style, while others like it for its reporting and presentation.
One India
One India covers local news as well as provides updates, which also includes trending stories from Noida. Van India is known for its coverage of the Indian news sector. But it is still not clear whether it is the best news channel or not, it is subjective.
Bharat Express
Bharat Express is a fast growing Hindi news channel headquartered in Noida. Known for its comprehensive news coverage, Bharat Express has quickly gained a reputation for providing unbiased information. Its editor-in-chief has significant journalism experience, which has contributed to the channel's growth.
#HindiNews#NoidaNews#TopNewsChannels#NewsInHindi#NoidaMedia#BreakingNews#IndianNews#NewsChannels#CurrentAffairs#NoidaUpdates
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Stay Updated with the Latest Bollywood News in Hindi
Get all the latest Bollywood news in Hindi right at your fingertips. Stay informed about the latest movies, celebrity gossip, box office updates, and much more with our comprehensive coverage of the Hindi film industry. Stay ahead of the curve and immerse yourself in the world of Bollywood with our timely and accurate updates in Hindi.
Bollywood, often referred to as the heart of Indian cinema, is a vibrant and dynamic industry that captures the imagination of millions around the world. From blockbuster movies to star-studded events, there's always something exciting happening in the world of Hindi cinema. Keeping up with the latest developments can be challenging, but with our dedicated coverage of Bollywood news in Hindi, you can stay informed and entertained with ease.
1. Movie Releases and Trailers: Stay updated with the latest movie releases and trailers from the world of Bollywood. Whether you're a fan of romance, action, comedy, or drama, our coverage includes all genres to cater to every taste. Get sneak peeks into upcoming releases, exclusive interviews with the cast and crew, and behind-the-scenes insights that offer a glimpse into the making of your favorite films.
2. Celebrity Gossip and Interviews: Dive into the world of glitz and glamour with our coverage of celebrity gossip and interviews. From red carpet events to candid moments captured off-screen, we bring you all the latest buzz from the lives of your favorite Bollywood stars. Get exclusive interviews, personal anecdotes, and insights into the lives of the biggest names in the industry, all in Hindi for your convenience.
3. Box Office Updates: Curious about which movies are ruling the box office? Our coverage latest Bollywood news in Hindi includes regular updates on box office collections, trends, and analysis. Whether it's the latest blockbuster smashing records or an unexpected sleeper hit winning hearts, we provide comprehensive coverage of box office trends to keep you in the loop.
4. Music and Dance: Bollywood is not just about movies; it's also about music and dance that captivate audiences worldwide. Stay tuned for updates on the latest chartbusters, music launches, and dance performances that are setting the stage on fire. From peppy dance numbers to soulful melodies, we bring you all the latest tunes that are making waves in the world of Hindi cinema.
5. Industry News and Trends: Get insights into the latest trends and developments shaping the Bollywood industry. From changes in storytelling techniques to emerging talent and technological advancements, our coverage goes beyond the surface to provide in-depth analysis and perspectives on the evolving landscape of Hindi cinema.
6. Fan Interactions and Contests: Engage with fellow Bollywood enthusiasts through our fan interactions and contests. From quizzes and polls to fan art showcases and meet-and-greets, we provide opportunities for fans to connect with each other and express their love for Bollywood in Hindi.
In conclusion, staying updated with the latest Bollywood news in Hindi is now easier than ever. With our comprehensive coverage of movie releases, celebrity gossip, box office updates, music and dance, industry news, and fan interactions, you can immerse yourself in the world of Hindi cinema like never before. So why wait? Stay ahead of the curve and dive into the exciting world of Bollywood with our timely and accurate updates in Hindi.
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Live score at Pro Cricket
Proocricket
Genius Cricket expects to scatter quality cricket news (about Indian homegrown cricket, global cricket, amusement, and IPL) to perusers in India and abroad.
Our cricket news site www.proocricket.com will take care of the requirements of perusers in a fair way.
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Debashis Kumar: Supervisor of The Ace Cricket having 5 years of involvement with the media calling. He has likewise worked in English, Hindi, and Odia online interfaces and loves Cricket.
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TechSamvad: A regional content platform for all latest tech news & reports
With a surge in smartphone penetration and data consumption across India, local language content consumption has increased drastically. And as digital media is at a nascent stage in India, it becomes a fast-growing domain for startups as well.
At a time when content consumption is registering dramatic growth and the platforms for consuming real-time information are still to be unified, TechSamvad has delivered high-quality content to users.
Founded in 2017 TechSamvad is the only Media Platform reporting in Technology, Startups, and Business domain in Hindi. The idea behind TechSamvad is to make relevant technology news from across the country and around the World, reach the masses in their own language.
The current trend gives more confidence in the growth of vernacular content and regional language content digitally. The consumption of local languages has seen a huge upward trend in recent years and the platform aims to provide global tech news in the native language of our country, to make Indian citizens truly global and have access to the news from across the World.
Since internet data is cheapest in India [₹18.5/GB (2018), ₹3.4/GB (2019)], its become a driving fact to help rural India in digital's adoption in terms of regional content curation and the consumption.
Also, the digital content consumption is expected to double, with over a billion of the population having a smartphone by the next decade. According to TRAI, 94% of the urban population in India has internet access; but only around 24% of the rural populace has the same.
KPMG analysis suggests that consumers spend 35-43% of their time on regional videos on digital platforms. The cost to develop regional content is 30-40% lower than that of Hindi and has a larger viewership, reported by Financial Express.
In this scenario, the vision of creating a tech news platform in Hindi, and then expanding to more vernacular languages is something that can truly be a game-changer nowadays. Other than text, TechSamvad has also forayed into podcast shows (Hustle Talk), original video shows (The Classic), short sharable content (Honest Writer), TechSamvad Academy, etc.
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How to Pass a Government Exam While Attending Courses
We all are aware that current affairs play an important role in UPSC Civil Services Exam preparation as the questions related to current affairs are seen in all 3 stages of exam that are, Prelims, Mains and Interview. As the UPSC Civil Services Exam is around the corner, many of the aspirants are searching for a strategy or a tip which will guide them in an efficient manner.
They all want to know that how they can prepare for current affairs while attending courses? UPSC civil services exam has three components—Prelims, Mains and Interview. It is true that one can’t get success in this exam without preparing current affairs even if he/she crack Prelims then also he/she need to read Current affairs for Mains and Interview.
As per the analysis of previous years papers one must prepare themselves for current affairs section by thorough reading of newspapers and magazines. The best newspapers recommended by the UPSC toppers are:
The Hindu
It provides authentic news including current affairs and latest developments. It also covers all national, international, economic and sports news in detail. It covers editorial section which gives a broad view of the affairs going on in the country and internationally. Candidates are advised to read this section very carefully for acquiring good knowledge about the ongoing events of national and international importance. The editorial section of the newspaper is very detailed and extensive. You get to know about all the daily events from the news column of the newspaper. The news column includes national as well as international news. Through this, you will be able to understand the affairs on a global level. This newspaper also has a separate page for sports news. This is a great option to prepare for your Government Exams while pursuing your Graduation.
The Indian Express
The explanation page of the newspaper holds importance. Every important event is explained in concise manner. This would help in the preparation of current affairs for UPSC IAS preparation.
Dainik Bhaskar
It is the most read Hindi newspaper. They cover all the current affairs on daily basis. The column section of the newspaper covers the in depth analysis of the events taking place in the country. It is one of the best Hindi newspapers for UPSC IAS preparation.
These magazines and newspapers are the best options to prepare for current affairs for UPSC exams as they are reliable and have fact checked information. These are easily available in all parts of our country. All aspirants should go through the list once before starting the preparation.
You can also explore more subjects and important topics from Unoreadsand start your preparation. Stay determined, work smart and achieve. Your dedication and the intensity you put in will decide your success.
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To Be ‘Amar’ Is To Be Immortal; Will Amar Chitra Katha Stand The Test Of Our Critical Times?
Remembering ACK, Tinkle comics and Chandamama.
Once upon a time, there was magic hidden between the pages of a comic book. They came under the common branding of Amar Chitra Katha and opened a window to a world most of us didn’t know existed – stories drawn from Indian history, mythology, folk lore and legend. Stories we had perhaps heard about but forgotten under the burden of academic pursuits and the struggles of our day-to-day existence. As illustrated books with thought and speech bubbles for the dialogues exchanged between them, all captured within 31 pages. There were tiny footnotes to explain typically Indian words, rituals, Gods, customs and so on. Each comic made a dent in our hard-saved pocket money – a dent of Rs.2.50 to begin, which was later raised by 0.50 paisa.
One man was responsible for this comic book revolution - Anant Pai. Story has it that he was on an official trip from Mumbai to Delhi in 1967, intrigued by the television set that had entered the capital through Doordarshan. Wanting to have a dekko of what lay behind that box, he watched a television programme through the display window of a shop. He was shocked to discover that in the quiz show, children could give correct answers to questions around Socrates and Winston Churchill, but did not know the name of Rama’s mother!
This chemical engineer orphaned as a young boy, realised that children loved comic book heroes like The Phantom. Leisure reading of children studying in English medium schools was also confined to Hardy Boys, Nancy Drew, Enid Blyton’s and a few comics like Richie Rich and Tintin.
Phantom made ‘politically correct’ for the Indian reader. Image source: thephantomhead.com
He wanted to bring Indian kids back to their roots and joined India Book House, one of the leading publishers in Bombay that was largely into printing, publishing, distribution and selling of books. Pai had already introduced the Phantom series as the first cartoon strip in The Times of India and wanted to use this form of visual reading to entertain and educate through Indian stories. And so the first Indian comic book was born under the brand name of Amar Chitra Katha. It went on to become one of the most popular and high selling series of Indian comics.
Slowly, sales picked up. ACK classics initially used primary colours - blue, green and yellow but graduated to full colours as it’s popularity began to rise. Pai and his team extended the parameters to bring in regional languages - beginning with translations in Hindi, Kannada, Marathi, and Telugu and further into Bengali, Assamese, Malayalam, Punjabi, Tamil, Urdu and even Sanskrit. It reached beyond its initial target of a middle-class readership to transcend class barriers and reach the upper class children. As ACK reached its 20th birthday in 1986, sales reached a peak of 5 crore copies, and then only two years later, a whopping 7 crores.
Related: Walking BookFairs: A Unique Initiative For Bibliophiles
Frequency also went from one classic every month to to one every fortnight around 1980. This was when IBH also launched its comic magazine Tinkle, that caught the reading fancy of all children at the time. The language used was simple, straightforward, and easy to understand by children not studying in English medium schools.
An entire generation isn’t even aware of this. Image source: amarchitrakatha.com
Amar Chitra Katha opened doors to an alternative visual culture that strived to adhere to its Indian roots. Yet, like all mothers everywhere, I would not allow my daughter to devour the comic books she was slowly getting addicted to. “It will take you away from your studies,” was my boring refrain. Scared of being stopped from reading what she had grown to love, she handed me an issue of Tinkle and asked me to read it. Tinkle was a weekly comic magazine brought out by the same publication – India Book House and the same man. I was bowled over. It was informative, funny, entertaining and carried a message and amusing adventures of the characters. It took me to one story from the ACK series, Ganga and I became a child all over again. I bought my daughter an annual subscription for Tinkle and, separated by a generation, we enjoyed the stories that could be read over and over again.
A position adopted by politicians today? Image source: wishberry.com
Chandamama, another magazine along the same lines, began to create and publish stories adapted from the Indian mythologies such as Ramayana and Mahabharata in 1947, just before Independence. In publication to this day, the magazine and its illustrations are known for its unique storytelling, reminiscent of grandparents' bedtime stories conveyed in print format. This was backed very innovatively with promotional strategies organized by IBH of fancy dress contests, displays in petrol pumps and book stores across every Indian city, launching new titles with press conferences graced by eminent personalities. By 1992, ACK classics were published and sold in 38 Indian and non-Indian languages by which time, Anant Pai had evolved into the children’s icon “Uncle Pai.”
Related: An Afternoon With An Author: Stephen Alter
Not surprisingly, these books started facing a lot of flak from sociologists, cultural historians, comic specialists and so on. This critique is an on-going process of sometimes making mincemeat of the series or questioning its authenticity or pointing out its pro-Hindu, anti-minority and extremely patriarchal bias as far as the representation of women characters go. There has been a lot of research both by Indian and foreign scholars on ACK’s representation of women.
Moot points were, women are conspicuous by their complete absence from the story and the illustrations such as Chandragupta Maurya or many of the Birbal stories. However, there were women protagonists in classics featuring Ganga, Draupadi, Shakuntala, Savitri, Vasavdatta, Mirabai, Padmini, Tarabai, Rani of Jhansi, Uloopi, Chand Bibi, Urvashi, Sukanya and many others. Another noticeable absence was in the Makers of Modern India series of 13 personalities that does not feature a single woman, though India has had many women leaders who should have found place among these makers. Leaders like Indira Gandhi and Sarojini Naidu are not part of this series and Kalpana Chawla was an afterthought. The same absence is noticed in the visibility of Muslim and Sikh leaders.
Rohan Islam, a Bengali literature scholar, in a detailed analysis raises questions about the ACK series that mark out sharp differences between “they” and “we”, “bad” and “good”, “us” and “them”. Islam also draws our attention to the Brahmin-Hindu-Male that takes precedence over Muslims, Christians, Sikhs and of course, women. He states quite assertively that the equations drawn between the Hindu identity and the National identity are quite sharply underlined.
Making History lessons fun. Image source: Amazon.com
Related: A Hospital For The Ageing Typewriter
This leaves us with questions. Why must we always place an entertaining comic series for children with informative stories on our culture, leadership, freedom struggle by contextualising it against the changing history and politics of changing times? Can one deny the historical significance of a classic series that has stood the test of time and space for four long decades? Can we deny ourselves the joy we got going through those stories and wonderful illustrations that took children away from their exams and more serious books? Take away the political, patriarchal and communal biases, which do not appear pronounced while we are reading purely for entertainment and information, and what we have is a harmonious ride into our cultural past.
Uncle Pai is no more. Long live uncle Pai. And with the magic between the yellowed pages of an antique Amar Chitra Katha, we can all live happily ever after. Or, can we?
Disclaimer: The views expressed in this article are independent views solely of the author(s) expressed in their private capacity and do not in any way represent or reflect the views of 101India.com
By Shoma A. Chatterji
Cover photo credit: Amazon.com
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The paintbrush art community is excited to present another unique art show, Love Story on FEBRUARY 20TH 2021. We are glad to have KOUSHAL CHOUDHARY as our participating artist.
KOUSHAL CHOUDHARY is a well known name in Indian Hindi Film Industry and has worked with the biggest banners and in several hit movies.
In the words by Koushal Choudhary
" I am Koushal Choudhary, a freelance Fine Artist, A Cine Production Designer Living in Mumbai but roots in Jaipur, India.
Art for me is a medium of self Expression and self analysis. It is about making a New me from my previous or ongoing experience.
I am not fixed to any particular medium, it varies from Painting, sculpture, photography, installation to Cinema.
My style in painting also varies from abstract to figurative & Super realism. It all depends on the subject i am expressing. "
We wish him all the best.
#thepaitbrushartcommunity #delphianopencall #delphiangallery #aroundtheworld #getfeatured #newyear2021 #onlineartexhibition #artcollectibles #dubaicultureandartsauthority #uaelife #lovindubai #KhaleejTimes #gulfnews #thenational #artist #lovestory #newyorkartgalleries
#newyorkartcurators #newyorkartadvisory
#artadvisorservices #artadvisor #artagency #artdealers
#artdealersofinstagram #artcollectorsberlin
Dessertino
Simply Jaipur
Il Televisionario2.net
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Pro cricket news website
Proocricket
Genius Cricket expects to scatter quality cricket news (about Indian homegrown cricket, global cricket, amusement, and IPL) to perusers in India and abroad.
Our cricket news site www.proocricket.com will take care of the requirements of perusers in a fair way.
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Prabhat Kumar Nayak: Head, and Chief of The Ace Cricket having 10 years of involvement with overseeing web-based interfaces in different dialects.
Debashis Kumar: Supervisor of The Ace Cricket having 5 years of involvement with the media calling. He has likewise worked in English, Hindi, and Odia online interfaces and loves Cricket.
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Do you want to stay updated with the latest news in India?
In this generation staying updated with the latest news and information is one of the most essential components in a person’s life. They not only increase awareness but also help to increase the knowledge domain of a person. So, reading newspaper daily is very much essential as they help to gather information from different parts of the world and the various events taking place around them.
Being Indians, reading the Hindi newspaper is very much in common among the people as it is very well known and understood by the people. One of the main components of these newspapers is the national news in Hindi which provides information about the various events taking place in India. Another important part is that the national news is of great help to the students who are preparing for competitive examinations. The currents affairs are explained very thoroughly in the newspapers.
The national news can be useful in the following ways: -
· Vast domain - The Hindi newspapers provide information on a vast range of subjects starting from politics, film industry, finance, history, editorials, sports, and much more.
· Language- The mode of expression is amazingly simple and to the point which does not contain any vague information so that it can be understood well by the common people very easily.
· Affordable and portable- The cost of a newspaper is very less attracting a wide range of readers. They are also very lightweight and can be carried from one place to the other easily.
National news also helps to provide information about the various states in the country. It also helps to give a view of the country’s progress with respect to the other countries. The editorial of a Hindi newspaper is one of the most critical parts which involves a lot of analysis and judgment, generally published with the opinions of editors and experienced journalists. The reading newspaper also helps to improve the thinking capacity of one’s mind by providing suggestions and reviews. This helps the readers to gain more interest in the subject and hence they find reading the newspaper more interesting. So, in all reading newspaper is very much required in today’s generation and helps to keep everyone updated throughout.
Original Source: https://prakharprahari1.blogspot.com/2020/05/do-you-want-to-stay-updated-with-latest.html
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Audio Bulletin: J.P. Nadda Unhappy Over Sadhvi Pragya's Toilet Remark | ABP News
A day after BJP's Bhopal MP Pragya Singh Thakur said she was not elected to the Parliament to clean toilets and drains, she was summoned at the party headquarters here on Monday where BJP Working President J.P. Nadda expressed his displeasure over her remarks and asked her to refrain from making such statements.The statement has been considered by the party to be mocking Prime Minister Narendra Modi's pet project Swachh Bharat Mission, according to internal sources.
#SadhviPragya #JPNadda #ToiletRemarks
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The vision of the channel is 'Aapko Rakhe Aagey' -the promise of keeping each individual ahead and informed. ABP News is best defined as a responsible channel with a fair and balanced approach that combines prompt reporting with insightful analysis of news and current affairs.
ABP News maintains the repute of being a people's channel. Its cutting-edge formats, state-of-the-art newsrooms commands the attention of 48 million Indians weekly.
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How Do You Study For Government Exams In Current Affairs And General Knowledge?
Current affairs along with general knowledge are an integral part of any government or competitive exams. Now a days it holds a significant weightage in any exam. It has such a limitless syllabus that even when you study it daily, you would not be able to complete it thoroughly. Since it is a vast subject and you have to indulge in other subjects as well so you cannot excel at it unless you have thirst to know more.
General knowledge is one of the most important sections in the government exam. It can help you to score good marks because it is an independent part and doesn’t involve any hard work. You just need to keep yourself updated regarding current affairs, sports and books. These are the few things which every person needs to get prepared for competitive exams.
Recent examinations analysis of SSC, UPSC and Railway Banking Exams shows that the number of questions from the current affairs are increasing every year. In Combined Defence Services Examination, even the general knowledge questions from History and Polity are based on the current events that took place in the last year.
Also, in SSC the current affairs question can be asked from any event, national or international, that took place in the last six months. This explains the importance of the current affairs for the government examinations.
Hence, here are some tips to equip you for current affairs for competitive exams:
· Books: Books are the widely used and reliable source for preparing current affair. There are a lot of books available universally online, offline, shopping portals.
· Magazines: This magazine is especially for upsc exams and specially designed for UPSC students. It Includes a wide range of topics like current affairs, Indian history, polity, geography, economy and general science. It contains providing the material in both English and Hindi to reach the maximum number of students.
· Apps & Websites: Websites & Apps are widely available as now everyone has access to the internet. There is various application which provides 10-20 summarized bi-lingual current affairs for a quicker read. It improves the knowledge besides; it is easy to remember events through visuals. Therefore watch news channels regularly.
· Quizzes: Quizzes are also effective in remembering current affair. Time quiz section that test student is another key to learn things as hundreds of new things happen every day.
· Newspaper: Newspaper not only covers the national & international news but also covers issues of sports, business and politics. Some of the best newspapers are The Hindu, Indian express, and others. It not only helps you to stay up to date but improves your English, vocabulary, reading & understanding skills.
· YouTube: It has become the most favorite spot to gain knowledge. Any topic can be easily found & helps you immensely to revise current affairs and for the last-minute preparation, you just need to find a best channel for you to learn from videos and tutorial. Also give online mock test to test how much you know and make note of new points it is very essential as you cannot waste time by searching and reading it again and again.
"The blend of hard work and time management makes a perfect solution for cracking any exam".
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Powers of Speaker of State Legislature in India
The Office of the Speaker is a respective position in our parliamentary democracy. It has been seen from the Office of the Speaker that when the members of Parliament represent the individual constituencies, the Speaker represents the full authority over the house . He symbolises the dignity and power of the House over which he is presiding. Therefore, it is expected that the holder of this Office of high dignity has to be one who can represent the House in all its demonstration.
POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE SPEAKER:
There is a need for head or a supreme authority of every legislative part. The Speaker and Deputy Speaker performs the same purposes in the Legislative Assembly. Therefore Article 178 of the Indian Constitution have the provisions about the same. The Constitution contains identical provisions relating to the Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha and their counterparts in the state legislative assemblies. It lays down only the main duties and power of the speaker. Which are as follows:
To permit a member who cannot adequately express himself in Hindi or English or the official language of the state, to address the House in his mother tongue[1]
To exercise a casting vote in the case of an equality of votes.[2]
To determine whether a Bill is a Money Bill and to certify a Money Bill.[3]
To preside over the House, whenever he is present in the House, excepting when a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration.[4]
To adjourn the House when there is no quorum.[5]
The detailed duties and responsibilities of the speaker are laid down in the Rules of Procedure which each House is empowered to make under article 208 of the Constitution with, of course, the condition that such rules shall be “subject to the provisions of the Constitution”. Though the Rules of Procedure vary from state to state, the position in regard to the powers and functions of the speaker is more or less identical, as generally the rules of the assemblies in this behalf are modelled on the Lok Sabha Rules. The more important powers and functions of the speakers of state assemblies in general are briefly noted below.
As the principal spokesman of the House, the speaker represents its collective voice and is its sole representation to the outside people. His position as the presiding officer of the House is one of pivotal authority:
He regulates the debates and proceedings of the House
He is charged with the maintenance of order in the House and is equipped with all powers necessary for enforcing his decisions.
He also works on points of order raised by members and his decision is final.
Various powers are conferred on the speaker in relation to asking questions to ministers. Though the guiding principles regarding admissibility of questions are prescribed in the rules and its interpretation is vested in the speaker. He has a general discretion in regard to the admissibility of resolutions and motions also, similar to the one relating to the admissibility of questions. He decides whether a motion expressing want of confidence in the Council of Ministers is in order. The speaker has also the power to select amendments in relation to Bills and motions, and can refuse to propose an amendment which in his opinion is trivial.
It is the fundamental duty of the speaker to maintain an order in the house. He derives his disciplinary powers from the rules, and the decisions taken by him in matters of discipline are not to be challenged except on a substantive motion. He may direct any member guilty of disorderly conduct to withdraw from the House, and name a member for suspension if the member disregards the authority of the chair and persists in obstructing the proceedings of the House. The speaker also has the power that he may also adjourn or suspend the business of the House in case of grave disorder.
To enable the speaker to deal with unexpected situations and regulate matters of detail, the rules expressly vest “residuary powers” in him.
In fine, the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in the state assemblies confer wide discretionary powers on the speaker. The rules have been codified on the premise that the speaker’s chair would be occupied by scrupulously dispassionate and impartial persons. The speaker’s supreme authority inside the House is based on his absolute and unvarying impartiality and all the powers vested in him are intended to enable him to ensure the smooth functioning of the House. Therefore, in no case would it be justified for a speaker to use his powers arbitrarily or in such a manner as to prevent the House from functioning.
Suitable safeguards are provided in the Constitution to ensure that Parliament and the state legislatures can perform their legitimate functions without any outside interference. For instance, the validity of any proceedings of Parliament or state legislatures cannot be called in question on the ground of any alleged irregularity of procedure. Further, no officer or member of Parliament in whom powers are vested by or under the Constitution for regulating the procedure or the conduct of business, or for maintaining order in Parliament or the state legislatures, shall be subject to the jurisdiction of any court in respect of the exercise by him of those powers[6].
JUDICIAL PRECEDENTS vis-à-vis PARLIAMENTARY PRIVILEDGES:
No member of Parliament or a state legislature is liable to any proceedings in any court in respect of anything said or any vote given by him in Parliament or a state legislature[7]. The position envisaged in these provisions of the Constitution has been upheld by the courts in our country which have recognised that a House of Parliament or a state legislature is the sole authority to judge as to whether or not there has been a breach of its privilege in a particular case.
In Tej Khan v. Sanjiva Ready[8] the Delhi High Court had held that no proceedings could be taken in a court of law in respect of what is said during the session of Parliament in view of article 105 (2) of the Constitution. The speaker, in proper exercise of his authority as the custodian of the rights and privileges of the House, advised the members concerned not to appear before the Supreme Court and later on the Supreme Court dismissed the appeal by Tej Kiran Jain and others. Chief Justice Hidayatullah said in his judgment that article 105 (2) of the Constitution gave complete immunity to members for anything said in Parliament. This immunity was not only complete but was as it should be. It was the essence of the parliamentary system that the representatives of the people should be free to express themselves without fear of legal consequences. What they said was only subject to the discipline of the rules of Parliament, the good sense of the members and the control of proceedings by the speaker.
SPEAKER CANNOT USE HIS POWERS ARBITRARILY:
Committee of Presiding Officers, headed by V. S. Page, Chairman of the Maharashtra Legislative Council, in its report submitted to the Conference of Presiding Officers of Legislative Bodies in India, held in October 1968. The committee, inter alia stated:
The principal duty of the Speaker is to regulate the proceedings of the House and to enable it to deliberate on and decide the various matters coming before it. Thus, in considering the various notices or points raised before him or adjournment of the sitting or placing matters before the House and the like, the Speaker should always bear this in mind and, where in doubt, he should act in favour of giving an opportunity to the House to express itself. The Speaker should not so conceive his duties or interpret his powers as to act independent of the House, or to override its authority or to nullify its decisions. The Speaker is a part of the House, drawing his powers from the House, and in the ultimate analysis a servant of the House, not its master[9].
It was held that on December 13, 1972, the Tamil Nadu Deputy Speaker, M.P. Srinivasan, who had been served with a notice by the Madras High Court, to appear before the court in a case filed by K.A. Mathialagan, challenging his removal from the office of the speaker, declined to do so. Claiming privilege under the provisions of article 212, he said that he could not be and did “not propose to be subject to the authority of any Court in the exercise of my powers and in the performance of my functions[10].
In no case would it be justified for a speaker to use his powers arbitrarily or in such a manner as to prevent the House from functioning. Insofar as the duties and responsibilities of the speaker in India and his relations with the House are concerned.
SPEAKER’S ADMINISTRATIVE ROLE:
The Speaker is the head of the Lok Sabha Secretariat which functions according to his remaining command and direction. The Speaker’s authority over the Secretariat workforce of the House, its precincts and its safety arrangements is supreme. All strangers, site visitors and press correspondents are subject to his decoram and orders and any breach of it may be punished by exclusion from the precincts of the Parliament House or stoppage of admission tickets to the galleries for precise or indefinite period, or in extra critical cases, handled as a contempt or breach of privilege. No alternation or addition can be made inside the Parliament House and no new structure may be erected within the Parliament Estate without the Speaker’s permission.
CONCLUSION:
The Office of the Speaker in India is a sentient and dynamic organization which deals with the real wants and issues of Parliament in the performance of its functions. The Speaker is the constitutional head of the House. He is the predominant spokesperson of the House. It is in him that the responsibility of carrying the working of the House in a way befitting the place of the organization in a representative democracy is invested. The founding fathers of our Constitution had recognized the importance of this Office in our democratic set-up and it turned into this reputation that guided them in establishing this Office as one of the outstanding and dignified ones within the scheme of governance of the country. Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, one of the leader architects of India’s freedom and a moving force at the back of its Constitution, placed the Office of the Speaker in India inside the right context when he said:
The Speaker represents the House. He/He represents the dignity of the House, the freedom of the House and because the House represents the nation, in a particular way, the Speaker becomes a symbol of nation’s freedom and liberty. Therefore that should be an honoured position, a free position and should be occupied always by persons of outstanding ability and impartiality.
References:
[1] Article 210, The Constitution of India
[2] Article 189(1), The Constitution of India
[3] Article 199(3) and (4), The Constitution of India
[4] Article 181 (1), The Constitution of India
[5] Article 189(4), The Constitution of India
[6] Articles 122 and 212, The Constitution of India
[7] Articles 105(3) and 194(2), The Constitution of India
[8] A.I.R. 1970 S.C. 1573
[9] Report of the Committee of Presiding Officers (Con. No. 201), Lok Sabha Secretariat, New Delhi, September 1968, para 35.
[10] The Hindu, 14.12.1972
Author: Rishabh Mishra, Legal Intern at Legal Desire (June 2020)
A third year law student who has a deep interest towards learning matters related to criminal jurisprudence and in future i want to pursue my career in the field of criminal litigation. Apart from this i am an avid debater and bibliophilic person who loves to read and write poetry and Autobiographies and one of my favourite is “The courtroom Genius” about the life of Nani Palkhivala.
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Omegle Tales
Thanks Kartik for A2A
Qurantine proved to be the the the reason which made Omegle, once again the go to site for bored ones around the globe.
Warwrick Maths Professor- I expected this guy to be some teenage nerd, it’s not that common to find people with interest as ‘maths’. I opened up with Maths is gay, this guy didn’t say anything. I tired to seem smart by throwing some words like ‘you know complex analysis and group thory huh’, fella replied with ‘lol, who doesn’t’.
Later he mentioned he’s a professor at Warwrick University, he was realy into maths and entered college when he was just 17 (I did the same but I’m dumb). Ahter this basic introduction we talked about 3Blue1Brown, Numberphile, ZachStar (Major Prep) and other similar ones. Especially about 3Blue1brown’s video in which he plots the graph of COVID-19, algorithm and his approach.
Later he explained a better algorithm, he helped his students to design at University. I didn’t get most the things he was talking about but I kept humming along, pretended like it was obvious ‘yeah, that one is better hmmm’.
I got bewildered in buzzwords which I dropped earilier to look not complete outsider from the mathematical realm.
In the end he asked ‘You wanna keep in touch?’
Damn, that was a shit load of ego boost.
We talk about Modi on discord sometimes (okay, once).
E-Thot
After getting tired of bots spamming me to join their discord servers and “M27 horny” incel fellas, I changed my interest tags and bumped into this fellow Indian warrior who was in search of SeXtiNg. Then I reavealed that I trolled him becuase he was getting virtual BJ from a straight guy. #Mr.Prankster
This guy could feel the resentment and fear of dying virgin from my replies, he turned out to be omegle equavalent of Actor Varun Pruthi for me.
After some deep conversations like asking about my dick size and reason for being virgin, he gave me a proposal I couldn’t turn down. He turned sherlock mode on and started planning how we would execute this mission impossible 7.
It was time to explore my feminine side, I became his bi-sexual friend and he added me into a group chat and introduced me to this nymphomaniac. The dots started to connect, everything was connected, my dick size became my identity.
Objectification of women was an alien concept for me but now it wasn’t.
The first text popped up in chat ‘Do you suck a lot of dicks?’
Yup, that’s how the mafia works. I tried to ignore gay vibes and defended my masculinity by proclaiming myself as “Top”, followed by ‘squiddle my diddle’ to elucidate my intentions about what I was looking for.
I tried to act like a player and DM’d her, expecting some lame reply. Still I don’tknow why but she started speaking french, I mean c’mon. I can’t even speak english properly and you are flaunting your french. But I didn’t say anything, she was enjoying pussy-privillage.
Hardly two minutes passed and she sent ‘show me’.
Okay, that was quick, even our Indian boys don’t ask for bob-pics this much fast. *Incoming video call* adrenaline and cortisol nibbas rushed into blood, anxity bar was full . What if there’s some guy just trolling me or it’s a scam where she’ll record and blackmail me. I’m aware that no girl would want my nudes when they have unlimited supply of unsolicited dick pics but still I was scared and declined the call.
Now my friend cum pimp messaged and assured that there’s nothing sketchy. I was determined to see those majestic boobies for which I was lured into all this
I muster up the courage and call her and surprisingly she picked up immediatly, A dark screen shows up, my speculations were about to be the reality, I was sure that now someone from other side will say ‘chutiya bnaya’ laughingly and flash his penis before hanging up the call.
I had a sigh of relief when I heard her. Just like that Naughty America intro, her whispring voice ran a wave euphoric tingling in my whole body, the stress which was piled up earlier vanished. It was nothing less than ASMR voice, never thought my name could sound this much sexy.
She said: Show me now.
I was confused for a moment, show what? I wasn’t a salesmen who will just reach out to his bag and grab a full fledged erect penis to show her. I mean yeah, we go around popping random boners at un-expected places but this was just way too fast.
Things don’t work like this, at least mine doesn’t.
After explaining her about my need of visual stimulation to raise the bar for her, we did something (not going to explain).
As I explained earlier, she had a luscious voice, everything she said was arousing and surely it served its purpose. But she also wanted me to do dirty talk and *moan*.
So here I was saying Oh yeah (….) in my Punjabi accent which sounded something like “O jeh, phakk it bebi”.
Somehow she was okay with it and later swithched to Hindi for obvious reasons. Later she expressed her desire for a dominant male to treat her like a slave, call her all the cuss words one can imagine. All those hundreds of hours spent in watching BDSM were going to pay back, I started articulating my ideas for the script which will make me look like a chest-thumping alpha male.
It was showtime, I started shooting blend of swear words originating from both Hindi and Punjabi lexicon. My delivery was flawless, each gaali filled with emotions, my accent added inroduced a whole new dimension to it. She was awestruck, probably after witnessing my command over the art of profanity.
At this point I almost forgot what the actual fuck we were supposed to do, my inner toxic-tenager was ragging to destroy the opponent like it used to do on facebook in good ‘ol days. My erection was gone, I was sitting there in front of camera, holding my flacid shlong.
I’ve to admit she was very supportive, even after all this she didn’t leave. She giggled when I apologized for all the mess, and decided to revive the fallen one.
She came up with this idea of using a pen to visualise as mine and proceded to give virtual BJ. To make things more realistic she decided to add an extra aspect of sound, which sounded something like this- “dok-dok-dok-dok”.
I was trying hard to control my laugh but then out of nowhere she said ‘Chod bhen ke lode’.
At that moment I lost it.
After laughing like an retarded chimp, I was certain that she will say fuck off and block me but again, she proved me wrong. She did call me immature but wasn’t mad,
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Why India needs to scrap its sedition law
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Why India needs to scrap its sedition law
Last week, 19-year-old Amulya Leona Noronha was arrested for sedition for saying, ‘Pakistan Zindabad’, at a rally against the Citizenship (Amendment) Act and National Register of Citizens (NCR) in Bengaluru. Her own father and the rally organisers disowned her views and apologised for her ‘unpatriotic’ language. Amulya’s family house at Shivapura in Karnataka was vandalised by a right-wing mob.
Alas, she has, in effect, been figuratively lynched by a mob uninterested in hearing her, proving her guilt, or resisting the outrageous current fashion of calling all dissent treason. Here is what Amulya wrote in Kannada on Facebook on February 16, shortly before her arrest.
Her friends say she sought to repeat these words at the rally but was shouted down and arrested. ‘Hindustan Zindabad! Pakistan Zindabad! Bangladesh Zindabad! Sri Lanka Zindabad! Nepal Zindabad! Afghanistan Zindabad! China Zindabad! Bhutan Zindabad! Whichever country it is — zindabad to all countries. You teach the children that nation is its soil. We children are telling you — nation means it is its people.
All people should get their basic facilities. All of them should be able to avail their fundamental rights. Governments should take care of the people of these countries. Zindabad to everyone who serve the people.’ Please join me in applauding Amulya’s wonderful sentiments! How well a 19-year-old girl has cut through today’s miasma of hate and suspicion to ask all countries to empower their people to assert their fundamental rights, and to wish long life — zindabad — for all those that do.
There is nothing remotely treasonable or seditious in this, nothing that stokes violence or hate. Tactically, she erred in starting with Pakistan instead of putting it later in her ‘zindabad’ list. But this is no reason for politicians, TV channels and social media to metaphorically lynch her.
Mere Maoist
The police say they are investigating her possible links to Maoists insurrections. I suspect this is the usual twaddle to justify arbitrary arrest. Even if she has Marxist leanings, so do millions of other youngsters. The world over, youngsters have long been seduced by Marxism’s promise of a popular revolt against oppressors. I have battled Marxism most of my life.
When the Soviet Union collapsed, I called Indian Marxists lifelong supporters of murder and torture in pursuit of a bankrupt ideology. Yet, I defended to the hilt their freedom to express their dubious views. Student agitators galore have evolved into solidly middle-class professionals. So, it is ridiculous to treat their youthful revolutionary rhetoric as a national security threat.
‘Urban Naxals’ are even more contemptuous of Pakistan’s quasi-military authoritarianism than of Indian democracy. To accuse anybody who says ‘Pakistan Zindabad’ of also being an ‘UrbanNaxal’ is a farcical self-contradiction. Go one step further. How can wishing any country a long life be sedition?
India’s sedition law was enacted by the British raj to suppress any Indian dissent. This colonial relic cries out for abolition. The Supreme Court has repeatedly declared that this law must be used only in really serious situations. In the 1995 Balwant Singh case verdict, the court said, ‘The casual raising of slogans once or twice by two individuals alone cannot be said to be aimed at exciting or attempt to excite hatred or disaffection towards the government… Section 124A IPC (the sedition law), would in the circumstances of the case have no application whatsoever.’
Saying ‘Pakistan Zindabad’ does not, in any way, call for the violent overthrow of the Indian State. ‘Zindabad’ merely means ‘long live’, an expression of goodwill that can surely be extended to all countries, including those India has serious problems with. The US and Britain supported Pakistan for years on the Kashmir issue. At that time, would saying ‘USA Zindabad’ or ‘Britain Zindabad’ have been grounds for arrest? Absolutely not.
Jawaharlal Nehru was naïve enough to view China as a friend. He coined the slogan, ‘Hindi-Chini bhai-bhai’ (Indian-Chinese are brothers). This was even more fulsome than ‘China Zindabad’. Jan Sangh, predecessor of today’s BJP, accused Nehru of stupidity, cupidity, faulty analysis and lousy foreign policy, but never called ‘Hindi-Chini bhai-bhai’ seditious.
Some view Pakistan as a mortal foe with whom friendly relations are impossible. Others in both countries think bridges can be built and wish to keep doors open and dialogues going. Peaceniks on both sides may be naïve, but those from Pakistan saying ‘Hindustan Zindabad’ and those from India saying ‘Pakistan Zindabad’ are really aiming for peace. And that is not sedition.
Pardon My French
France and Germany fought three successive wars — the Franco-Prussian War in 1870, World War 1in 1914-19, and World War 2 in 1939-45. But after the mayhem, peacemakers in France and Germany were determined to replace the ‘murdabad’ approach by a ‘zindabad’ one, developing such close interlinkages that another war would become impossible. The peacemakers were not arrested for sedition. They are now revered as among the greatest statesmen in history.
Jesus Christ taught that it is not enough to love your friends. You must also love your enemies. Had he preached his gospel in India today, he could been arrested for sedition, amidst applause from the viewers of many a television news channel.
Views expressed are author’s own
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Facebook is failing to prevent another human rights tragedy playing out on its platform, report warns
A report by campaign group Avaaz examining how Facebook’s platform is being used to spread hate speech in the Assam region of North East India suggests the company is once again failing to prevent its platform from being turned into a weapon to fuel ethnic violence.
Assam has a long-standing Muslim minority population but ethnic minorities in the state look increasingly vulnerable after India’s Hindu nationalist government pushed forward with a National Register of Citizens (NRC), which has resulted in the exclusion from that list of nearly 1.9 million people — mostly Muslims — putting them at risk of statelessness.
In July the United Nations expressed grave concern over the NRC process, saying there’s a risk of arbitrary expulsion and detention, with those those excluded being referred to Foreigners’ Tribunals where they have to prove they are not “irregular”.
At the same time, the UN warned of the rise of hate speech in Assam being spread via social media — saying this is contributing to increasing instability and uncertainty for millions in the region. “This process may exacerbate the xenophobic climate while fuelling religious intolerance and discrimination in the country,” it wrote.
There’s an awful sense of deja-vu about these warnings. In March 2018 the UN criticized Facebook for failing to prevent its platform being used to fuel ethnic violence against the Rohingya people in the neighboring country of Myanmar — saying the service had played a “determining role” in that crisis.
Facebook’s response to devastating criticism from the UN looks like wafer-thin crisis PR to paper over the ethical cracks in its ad business, given the same sorts of alarm bells are being sounded again, just over a year later. (If we measure the company by the lofty goals it attached to a director of human rights policy job last year — when Facebook wrote that the responsibilities included “conflict prevention” and “peace-building” — it’s surely been an abject failure.)
Avaaz’s report on hate speech in Assam takes direct aim at Facebook’s platform, saying it’s being used as a conduit for whipping up anti-Muslim hatred.
In the report, entitled Megaphone for Hate: Disinformation and Hate Speech on Facebook During Assam’s Citizenship Count, the group says it analysed 800 Facebook posts and comments relating to Assam and the NRC, using keywords from the immigration discourse in Assamese, assessing them against the three tiers of prohibited hate speech set out in Facebook’s Community Standards.
Avaaz found that at least 26.5% of the posts and comments constituted hate speech. These posts had been shared on Facebook more than 99,650 times — adding up to at least 5.4 million views for violent hate speech targeting religious and ethnic minorities, according to its analysis.
Bengali Muslims are a particular target on Facebook in Assam, per the report, which found comments referring to them as “criminals,” “rapists,” “terrorists,” “pigs,” and “dogs”, among other dehumanizing terms.
In further disturbing comments there were calls for people to “poison” daughters, and legalise female foeticide, as well as several posts urging “Indian” women to be protected from “rape-obsessed foreigners”.
Avaaz suggests its findings are just a drop in the ocean of hate speech that it says is drowning Assam via Facebook and other social media. But it accuses Facebook directly of failing to provide adequate human resource to police hate speech spread on its dominant platform.
Commenting in a statement, Alaphia Zoyab, senior campaigner, said: “Facebook is being used as a megaphone for hate, pointed directly at vulnerable minorities in Assam, many of whom could be made stateless within months. Despite the clear and present danger faced by these people, Facebook is refusing to dedicate the resources required to keep them safe. Through its inaction, Facebook is complicit in the persecution of some of the world’s most vulnerable people.”
Its key complaint is that Facebook continues to rely on AI to detect hate speech which has not been reported to it by human users — using its limited pool of (human) content moderator staff to review pre-flagged content, rather than proactively detect it.
Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg has previously said AI has a very long way to go to reliably detect hate speech. Indeed, he’s suggested it may never be able to do that.
In April 2018 he told US lawmakers it might take five to ten years to develop “AI tools that can get into some of the linguistic nuances of different types of content to be more accurate, to be flagging things to our systems”, while admitting: “Today we’re just not there on that.”
That sums to an admission that in regions such as Assam — where inter-ethnic tensions are being whipped up in a politically charged atmosphere that’s also encouraging violence — Facebook is essentially asleep on the job. The job of enforcing its own ‘Community Standards’ and preventing its platform being weaponized to amplify hate and harass the vulnerable, to be clear.
Avaaz says it flagged 213 of “the clearest examples” of hate speech which it found directly to Facebook — including posts from an elected official and pages of a member of an Assamese rebel group banned by the Indian Government. The company removed 96 of these posts following its report.
It argues there are similarities in the type of hate speech being directed at ethnic minorities in Assam via Facebook and that which targeted at Rohingya people in Myanmar, also on Facebook, while noting that the context is different. But it did also find hateful content on Facebook targeting Rohingya people in India.
It is calling on Facebook to do more to protect vulnerable minorities in Assam, arguing it should not rely solely on automated tools for detecting hate speech — and should instead apply a “human-led ‘zero tolerance’ policy” against hate speech, starting by beefing up moderators’ expertise in local languages.
It also recommends Facebook launch an early warning system within its Strategic Response team, again based on human content moderation — and do so for all regions where the UN has warned of the rise of hate speech on social media.
“This system should act preventatively to avert human rights crises, not just reactively to respond to offline harm that has already occurred,” it writes.
Other recommendations include that Facebook should correct the record on false news and disinformation by notifying and providing corrections from fact-checkers to each and every user who has seen content deemed to have been false or purposefully misleading, including if the disinformation came from a politician; that it should be transparent about all page and post takedowns by publishing its rational on the Facebook Newsroom so the issue of hate speech is given proportionate prominence and publicity to the size of the problem on Facebook; and it should agree to an independent audit of hate speech and human rights on its platform in India.
“Facebook has signed up to comply with the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights,” Avaaz notes. “Which require it to conduct human rights due diligence such as identifying its impact on vulnerable groups like women, children, linguistic, ethnic and religious minorities and others, particularly when deploying AI tools to identify hate speech, and take steps to subsequently avoid or mitigate such harm.”
We reached out to Facebook with a series of questions about Avaaz’s report and also how it has progressed its approach to policing inter-ethnic hate speech since the Myanmar crisis — including asking for details of the number of people it employs to monitor content in the region.
Facebook did not provide responses to our specific questions. It just said it does have content reviewers who are Assamese and who review content in the language, as well as reviewers who have knowledge of the majority of official languages in India, including Assamese, Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Punjabi, Urdu, Bengali and Marathi.
In 2017 India overtook the US as the country with the largest “potential audience” for Facebook ads, with 241M active users, per figures it reports the advertisers.
Facebook also sent us this statement, attributed to a spokesperson:
We want Facebook to be a safe place for all people to connect and express themselves, and we seek to protect the rights of minorities and marginalized communities around the world, including in India. We have clear rules against hate speech, which we define as attacks against people on the basis of things like caste, nationality, ethnicity and religion, and which reflect input we received from experts in India. We take this extremely seriously and remove content that violates these policies as soon as we become aware of it. To do this we have invested in dedicated content reviewers, who have local language expertise and an understanding of the India’s longstanding historical and social tensions. We’ve also made significant progress in proactively detecting hate speech on our services, which helps us get to potentially harmful content faster.
But these tools aren’t perfect yet, and reports from our community are still extremely important. That’s why we’re so grateful to Avaaz for sharing their findings with us. We have carefully reviewed the content they’ve flagged, and removed everything that violated our policies. We will continue to work to prevent the spread of hate speech on our services, both in India and around the world.
Facebook did not tell us exactly how many people it employs to police content for an Indian state with a population of more than 30 million people.
Globally the company maintains it has around 35,000 people working on trust and safety, less than half of whom (~15,000) are dedicated content reviewers. But with such a tiny content reviewer workforce for a global platform with 2.2BN+ users posting night and day all around the world there’s no plausible no way for it to stay on top of its hate speech problem.
Certainly not in every market it operates in. Which is why Facebook leans so heavily on AI — shrinking the cost to its business but piling content-related risk onto everyone else.
Facebook claims its automated tools for detecting hate speech have got better, saying that in Q1 this year it increased the proactive detection rate for hate speech to 65.4% — up from 58.8% in Q4 2017 and 38% in Q2 2017.
However it also says it only removed 4 million pieces of hate speech globally in Q1. Which sounds incredibly tiny vs the size of Facebook’s platform and the volume of content that will be generated daily by its millions and millions of active users.
Without tools for independent researchers to query the substance and spread of content on Facebook’s platform it’s simply not possible to know how many pieces of hate speech are going undetected. But — to be clear — this unregulated company still gets to mark its own homework.
In just one example of how Facebook is able to shrink perception of the volume of problematic content it’s fencing, of the 213 pieces of content related to Assam and the NCR that Avaaz judged to be hate speech and reported to Facebook it removed less than half (96).
Yet Facebook also told us it takes down all content that violates its community standards — suggesting it is applying a far more dilute definition of hate speech than Avaaz. Unsurprising for a US company whose nascent crisis PR content review board‘s charter includes the phrase “free expression is paramount”. But for a company that also claims to want to prevent conflict and peace-build it’s rather conflicted, to say the least.
As things stand, Facebook’s self-reported hate speech performance metrics are meaningless. It’s impossible for anyone outside the company to quantify or benchmark platform data. Because no one except Facebook has the full picture — and it’s not opening its platform for ethnical audit. Even as the impacts of harmful, hateful stuff spread on Facebook continue to bleed out and damage lives around the world.
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A report by campaign group Avaaz examining how Facebook’s platform is being used to spread hate speech in the Assam region of North East India suggests the company is once again failing to prevent its platform from being turned into a weapon to fuel ethnic violence.
Assam has a long-standing Muslim minority population but ethnic minorities in the state look increasingly vulnerable after India’s Hindu nationalist government pushed forward with a National Register of Citizens (NRC), which has resulted in the exclusion from that list of nearly 1.9 million people — mostly Muslims — putting them at risk of statelessness.
In July the United Nations expressed grave concern over the NRC process, saying there’s a risk of arbitrary expulsion and detention, with those those excluded being referred to Foreigners’ Tribunals where they have to prove they are not “irregular”.
At the same time, the UN warned of the rise of hate speech in Assam being spread via social media — saying this is contributing to increasing instability and uncertainty for millions in the region. “This process may exacerbate the xenophobic climate while fuelling religious intolerance and discrimination in the country,” it wrote.
There’s an awful sense of deja-vu about these warnings. In March 2018 the UN criticized Facebook for failing to prevent its platform being used to fuel ethnic violence against the Rohingya people in the neighboring country of Myanmar — saying the service had played a “determining role” in that crisis.
Facebook’s response to devastating criticism from the UN looks like wafer-thin crisis PR to paper over the ethical cracks in its ad business, given the same sorts of alarm bells are being sounded again, just over a year later. (If we measure the company by the lofty goals it attached to a director of human rights policy job last year — when Facebook wrote that the responsibilities included “conflict prevention” and “peace-building” — it’s surely been an abject failure.)
Avaaz’s report on hate speech in Assam takes direct aim at Facebook’s platform, saying it’s being used as a conduit for whipping up anti-Muslim hatred.
In the report, entitled Megaphone for Hate: Disinformation and Hate Speech on Facebook During Assam’s Citizenship Count, the group says it analysed 800 Facebook posts and comments relating to Assam and the NRC, using keywords from the immigration discourse in Assamese, assessing them against the three tiers of prohibited hate speech set out in Facebook’s Community Standards.
Avaaz found that at least 26.5% of the posts and comments constituted hate speech. These posts had been shared on Facebook more than 99,650 times — adding up to at least 5.4 million views for violent hate speech targeting religious and ethnic minorities, according to its analysis.
Bengali Muslims are a particular target on Facebook in Assam, per the report, which found comments referring to them as “criminals,” “rapists,” “terrorists,” “pigs,” and “dogs”, among other dehumanizing terms.
In further disturbing comments there were calls for people to “poison” daughters, and legalise female foeticide, as well as several posts urging “Indian” women to be protected from “rape-obsessed foreigners”.
Avaaz suggests its findings are just a drop in the ocean of hate speech that it says is drowning Assam via Facebook and other social media. But it accuses Facebook directly of failing to provide adequate human resource to police hate speech spread on its dominant platform.
Commenting in a statement, Alaphia Zoyab, senior campaigner, said: “Facebook is being used as a megaphone for hate, pointed directly at vulnerable minorities in Assam, many of whom could be made stateless within months. Despite the clear and present danger faced by these people, Facebook is refusing to dedicate the resources required to keep them safe. Through its inaction, Facebook is complicit in the persecution of some of the world’s most vulnerable people.”
Its key complaint is that Facebook continues to rely on AI to detect hate speech which has not been reported to it by human users — using its limited pool of (human) content moderator staff to review pre-flagged content, rather than proactively detect it.
Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg has previously said AI has a very long way to go to reliably detect hate speech. Indeed, he’s suggested it may never be able to do that.
In April 2018 he told US lawmakers it might take five to ten years to develop “AI tools that can get into some of the linguistic nuances of different types of content to be more accurate, to be flagging things to our systems”, while admitting: “Today we’re just not there on that.”
That sums to an admission that in regions such as Assam — where inter-ethnic tensions are being whipped up in a politically charged atmosphere that’s also encouraging violence — Facebook is essentially asleep on the job. The job of enforcing its own ‘Community Standards’ and preventing its platform being weaponized to amplify hate and harass the vulnerable, to be clear.
Avaaz says it flagged 213 of “the clearest examples” of hate speech which it found directly to Facebook — including posts from an elected official and pages of a member of an Assamese rebel group banned by the Indian Government. The company removed 96 of these posts following its report.
It argues there are similarities in the type of hate speech being directed at ethnic minorities in Assam via Facebook and that which targeted at Rohingya people in Myanmar, also on Facebook, while noting that the context is different. But it did also find hateful content on Facebook targeting Rohingya people in India.
It is calling on Facebook to do more to protect vulnerable minorities in Assam, arguing it should not rely solely on automated tools for detecting hate speech — and should instead apply a “human-led ‘zero tolerance’ policy” against hate speech, starting by beefing up moderators’ expertise in local languages.
It also recommends Facebook launch an early warning system within its Strategic Response team, again based on human content moderation — and do so for all regions where the UN has warned of the rise of hate speech on social media.
“This system should act preventatively to avert human rights crises, not just reactively to respond to offline harm that has already occurred,” it writes.
Other recommendations include that Facebook should correct the record on false news and disinformation by notifying and providing corrections from fact-checkers to each and every user who has seen content deemed to have been false or purposefully misleading, including if the disinformation came from a politician; that it should be transparent about all page and post takedowns by publishing its rational on the Facebook Newsroom so the issue of hate speech is given proportionate prominence and publicity to the size of the problem on Facebook; and it should agree to an independent audit of hate speech and human rights on its platform in India.
“Facebook has signed up to comply with the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights,” Avaaz notes. “Which require it to conduct human rights due diligence such as identifying its impact on vulnerable groups like women, children, linguistic, ethnic and religious minorities and others, particularly when deploying AI tools to identify hate speech, and take steps to subsequently avoid or mitigate such harm.”
We reached out to Facebook with a series of questions about Avaaz’s report and also how it has progressed its approach to policing inter-ethnic hate speech since the Myanmar crisis — including asking for details of the number of people it employs to monitor content in the region.
Facebook did not provide responses to our specific questions. It just said it does have content reviewers who are Assamese and who review content in the language, as well as reviewers who have knowledge of the majority of official languages in India, including Assamese, Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Punjabi, Urdu, Bengali and Marathi.
In 2017 India overtook the US as the country with the largest “potential audience” for Facebook ads, with 241M active users, per figures it reports the advertisers.
Facebook also sent us this statement, attributed to a spokesperson:
We want Facebook to be a safe place for all people to connect and express themselves, and we seek to protect the rights of minorities and marginalized communities around the world, including in India. We have clear rules against hate speech, which we define as attacks against people on the basis of things like caste, nationality, ethnicity and religion, and which reflect input we received from experts in India. We take this extremely seriously and remove content that violates these policies as soon as we become aware of it. To do this we have invested in dedicated content reviewers, who have local language expertise and an understanding of the India’s longstanding historical and social tensions. We’ve also made significant progress in proactively detecting hate speech on our services, which helps us get to potentially harmful content faster.
But these tools aren’t perfect yet, and reports from our community are still extremely important. That’s why we’re so grateful to Avaaz for sharing their findings with us. We have carefully reviewed the content they’ve flagged, and removed everything that violated our policies. We will continue to work to prevent the spread of hate speech on our services, both in India and around the world.
Facebook did not tell us exactly how many people it employs to police content for an Indian state with a population of more than 30 million people.
Globally the company maintains it has around 35,000 people working on trust and safety, less than half of whom (~15,000) are dedicated content reviewers. But with such a tiny content reviewer workforce for a global platform with 2.2BN+ users posting night and day all around the world there’s no plausible no way for it to stay on top of its hate speech problem.
Certainly not in every market it operates in. Which is why Facebook leans so heavily on AI — shrinking the cost to its business but piling content-related risk onto everyone else.
Facebook claims its automated tools for detecting hate speech have got better, saying that in Q1 this year it increased the proactive detection rate for hate speech to 65.4% — up from 58.8% in Q4 2017 and 38% in Q2 2017.
However it also says it only removed 4 million pieces of hate speech globally in Q1. Which sounds incredibly tiny vs the size of Facebook’s platform and the volume of content that will be generated daily by its millions and millions of active users.
Without tools for independent researchers to query the substance and spread of content on Facebook’s platform it’s simply not possible to know how many pieces of hate speech are going undetected. But — to be clear — this unregulated company still gets to mark its own homework.
In just one example of how Facebook is able to shrink perception of the volume of problematic content it’s fencing, of the 213 pieces of content related to Assam and the NCR that Avaaz judged to be hate speech and reported to Facebook it removed less than half (96).
Yet Facebook also told us it takes down all content that violates its community standards — suggesting it is applying a far more dilute definition of hate speech than Avaaz. Unsurprising for a US company whose nascent crisis PR content review board‘s charter includes the phrase “free expression is paramount”. But for a company that also claims to want to prevent conflict and peace-build it’s rather conflicted, to say the least.
As things stand, Facebook’s self-reported hate speech performance metrics are meaningless. It’s impossible for anyone outside the company to quantify or benchmark platform data. Because no one except Facebook has the full picture — and it’s not opening its platform for ethnical audit. Even as the impacts of harmful, hateful stuff spread on Facebook continue to bleed out and damage lives around the world.
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