#the radzivil family

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Повстання Богдана Хмельницького, яке відбулося 1648 року, було направлене проти свавілля панів. Одним із перших замків, який захопив талановитий полководець, попри оборонні укріплення високого рівня, був палац у містечку Олика на Волині. Ним володіла родина Радзивілів. Із тогочасних записів щоденника Альберта Радзівіла, стає зрозуміло, що це був складний період для вельмож та панів, проте цілком виправданий.

«Незвичайний це був рік, адже усі піддані підняли на своїх панів і настало таке спустошення Русі, подібно якому ніколи не було», - пише Альберт Радзівіл. З цих слів здається, що він ставиться до повстання на чолі з Богданом Хмельницьким, як до Божої кари, навали сарани чи пошесті, але за словами дослідника історії Акіма Галімова, Альберт все одно відзначив, що першопричиною цього повстання були якраз утиски підданих.

«Хоча в інших монархіях спалахували повстання – останнім часом у Неаполі та Франції – жодне, однак, не було жахливішим за наше. Ніхто ж бо не визискував підданих більше, ніж наша Польща. Раніше гнобили бідняків, а зараз вони гноблять багатих і, як пани в різний спосіб вичавлювали кров із хлопів, вони тепер роблять те саме. Козаки учинили нечувані злочини, бо нечуваними були наші гріхи», - записи зі щоденника Альберта Радзівіла.

Ці історичні записи, як каже Акім Галімов, показують Альберта Радзівіла як «людину розумну, яка чітко розуміла, що експлуатація бідних якраз і була однією з причин козацьких повстань».

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The revolt of Bohdan Khmelnytskyi, which took place in 1648, was directed against the arbitrariness of the lords. One of the first castles that the talented commander captured, despite the high-level defensive fortifications, was the palace in the town of Olyka in Volyn. It was owned by the Radzivił family. From the diary entries of Albert Radzivił at the time, it becomes clear that it was a difficult period for the nobles and lords, but fully justified.

"It was an unusual year, because all the subjects rose against their masters and there was such a devastation of Ruthenia, the like of which had never happened," writes Albert Radzivił. From these words, it seems that he treats the uprising led by Bohdan Khmelnitskyi as God's punishment, an invasion of locusts or a pestilence, but according to the history researcher Akym Halimov, Albert still noted that the root cause of this uprising was precisely the oppression of his subjects.

“Though rebellions have broken out in other monarchies—lately in Naples and France—none, however, has been more terrible than ours. No one exacted from their subjects more than our Poland. They used to oppress the poor, but now they oppress the rich, and just as the masters in various ways squeezed the blood out of the peasants, they are now doing the same. The kozaks committed unbelievable crimes because our sins were unbelievable too," - notes from Albert Radzivił's diary.

These historical records, as Akym Halimov says, show Albert Radzivił as "an intelligent person who clearly understood that the exploitation of the poor was precisely one of the reasons for the kozak uprisings."

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Tuesday 29 October 1839

7 40/..

1 25/..

fine morning – ground covered with snow 2 or 3 in.? deep first time nothing but a mere sprinkling yesterday morning – F61 ¼° now at 8 40/.. am what it is out of doors I know not as yet – breakfast at 9 25/.. to 10 ¼ - then read a little of Murray article Turkey in Asia Syria – then paid Leopold up to today for little things – as to his wages that matter to be settled by and by – asked Gross if he would be able to go behind the carriage – yes! he should not mind but for the language – I said that did not signify and came away (having had him merely a moment in the dining room) – then had Mrs. Howard I should think near an hour – furs to come at 9am tomorrow to be looked at – the fair at Nigenery novgorod [Nižnij Novgorod?] begins 20 July O.S. a steamer from St. P. to N. and Kasan and Astracan [Astrachan’] – from here must go by Land to the Oka to get into the steamer – Colonel Cameron who was in the Persian service on his return passed thro’ here – had a Mr. Fay, a Russian, with him – this C- seems to be of the Lochiel family? – Mr. Cammidge [Camidge] will call – his wife in England – said to be deranged – he was chaplain to Lord Harrowly – should make calls here from 11 to 12 – to go tomorrow about this hour to call on Madame Fischer – perhaps might meet people we might not like at M. Thals’ – Mr. Thal a dry merchant – I suppose buys [dyering] woods [?] Mr. Howard had a dyering establishment – much trouble with his English overlooker, salary £200 a year – and now the materials so dear, no profit – so does nothing at present – will have him up some evening to tell us about the trade here, and roads etc. – Mrs. Howard was a Miss Davis and her paternal’s grandmother a Miss Ogilvie of the Scotch Ogilvies – then sat talking to A- and had just written all but the first 2 lines of today now at 1 50/.. – out at 2 20/.. to the boulevard near here – the snow swept off – nice clean gravel walk, and A- and I took 2 turns

SH:7/ML/E/23/0116

in 35 minutes – not so cold as yesterday – talked as we walked of Archangel in January – and being off to Lake Baikal in February – then to the boot shop – Mrs. Howard had said 4/. the man asked 9/. offered 5/. in vain and came away from Corolivas’ where we had been upstairs in a regular little bootroom – then asked as we came out 7/. – drove to another shop – asked 7/. paid 5/. for boots lined with fur just as good as the others – then at 3 50/.. off to the Enfas trouvés – saw the 2 ladies – agreed to take the 1st of the 2 – girls we saw the last time – to give her 10/. per month and keep her at this rate as long, or as short a time as we liked – she is to be taken back again at any time – to come on Thursday afternoon – we to send the carriage for her – Gave the superior 15/. to buy the girl a gown and gave 16/. to buy muslin for a pelerine for her to broder – said I should feel better satisfied if the aide came to see where and to what the girl was coming – Madame the aide only goes out on Wednesdays and will call some day – passes here on her weekly way to see her daughter I mentioned the subject of religion – as to the future the aide (the English speaking lady) wisely observed, leave that 1st see whether the girl suited us – sufficient for the present that we let her go to church once a month! – to go to the Institution every 4th Sunday and then she would go to church with the rest and that would be enough – It was enough if she went to church once a month – about ½ hour with the 2 ladies – home at 5 40/.. – dressed – dinner at 6 in ¾ hour – then walked about the room – then read a little of Schnitzler ‘Le Russie la Pologne et la Finlande’ 2nd volume Paris 1835.

Government of Orenbourg 701/744 et seq. – Race Ouraline ou Finnoise 586/744 et seq. and vid. p. 411 family of Radziville – tea at 8 in ¼ hour – had just written so far at 9pm. then reading Schnitzler on the Finns, and on Kasan etc. till (had Grotza at 10 1/2) 11 ¾ - a little flying about small snow while we walked today but very little not enough to incommode us – otherwise fine winters’ day – warmer than [missing word] – our apartment too warmer F63 ¼° on my table now at 12 ¼ tonight