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Test Bank Ethics in Information Technology 5th Edition

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1. Anorganization’smissionstatementhighlightsitskeyethicalissuesandidentifiestheoverarchingvaluesand

principlesthatareimportanttotheorganizationanditsdecisionmaking.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: False

2. Lineoperationspersonnelcanbeappointedascorporateethicsofficers.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: True

3. Inanonprofitorganization,theboardofdirectorsreportstothelocalcommunitythatitserves.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: True

4. Consistencymeansthatshareholders,customers,suppliers,andthecommunityknowwhattheycanexpectofan

organization—thatitwillbehaveinthefuturemuchasithasinthepast.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: True

5. Thegreaterrelianceofinformationsystemsinallaspectsoflifehasdecreasedtheriskthatinformationtechnologywillbeusedunethically.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: False

6. Increasingly,managersareincludingethicalconductaspartofanemployee’sperformanceappraisal.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: True

7. Employeesmaysuppresstheirtendencytoactinamannerthatseemsethicaltothemandinsteadactinamannerthatwillprotectthemagainstanticipatedpunishment.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: True

8. Thetermmoralityreferstosocialconventionsaboutrightandwrongthataresowidelysharedthattheybecomethebasisforanestablishedconsensus.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: True

9. Lawscanproclaimanactaslegal,althoughmanypeoplemayconsidertheactimmoral.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: True

10. Fairnessandgenerosityareexamplesofvirtues.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: True

11. LawrenceKohlbergfoundthatthemostcrucialfactorthatstimulatesaperson’smoraldevelopmentismonetary

rewardforgoodbehavior.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: False

12. Multinationalandglobalorganizationsmustnotpresentaconsistentfacetotheirshareholders,customers,andsuppliersbutinsteadmustoperatewithadifferentvaluesystemineachcountrytheydobusinessin.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: False

13. Legalactsconformtowhatanindividualbelievestobetherightthingtodo.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: False

14. Ethicshasrisentothetopofthebusinessagendabecauserisksassociatedwithinappropriatebehaviorhaveincreased,bothintheirlikelihoodandintheirpotentialnegativeimpact.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: True

15. Settingcorporatesocialresponsibility(CSR)goalsencouragesanorganizationtoachievehighermoralandethicalstandards.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: True

16. Thefairnessapproachtoethicaldecisionmakingstatesthatoneshouldchoosetheactionorpolicythathasthebestoverallconsequencesforallpeoplewhoaredirectlyorindirectlyaffected.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: False

17. Theboardofdirectorsofanorganizationisnormallyresponsibleforday-to-daymanagementandoperationsoftheorganization.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: False

18. Anindividual’smanagerhasverylittleimpactonhisorherethicalbehavior.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: False

19. Inthebusinessworld,importantdecisionsaretoooftenlefttothetechnicalexperts;generalbusinessmanagersmustassumegreaterresponsibilityforthesedecisions.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: True

20. ThegoaloftheSarbanesOxleyActwastorenewinvestor’strustincorporateexecutivesandtheirfirm’sfinancial

reportsfollowingnumerousfinancialscandalsintheearly2000s.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: True

21. Individualviewsonwhatismoralaresostronglyheldthatthereisnearlyuniversalagreementinspiteofdifferencesinage,culturalgroup,ethnicbackground,religion,lifeexperience,education,andgender.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: False

22. Mostpeoplehavedevelopedadecision-makingprocesstheyusealmostautomatically,withoutthinkingaboutthestepstheygothrough.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: True

23. ThecountrieswiththehighestsoftwarepiracyrateintheworldincludeLuxembourg,Japan,andNewZealand.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: False

24. Stakeholderswhostandtoloseorgainfromasituationshouldbekeptoutofthedecisionmakingprocessastheywillsimplyintroducetheirpersonalbiases.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: False

25. Thetermethicsdescribesstandardsorcodesofbehaviorexpectedofanindividualbyagrouptowhichtheindividualbelongs.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: True

26. Ifthedesiredresultsarenotachieveduponimplementationofasolution,oneshouldreturntothe“identifyalternatives”stepofthedecisionmakingprocessandreworkthedecision.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: False

27. Greaterglobalizationhasdecreasedthelikelihoodofunethicalbehavior.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: False

28. ThegeneralpublicneedstodevelopabetterunderstandingofthecriticalimportanceofethicsastheyapplytoIT;currently,toomuchemphasishasbeenplacedontechnicalissues.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: True

29. Supplychainsustainabilitytakesintoaccountsuchissuesasfairlaborpractices,energyandresourceconservation,humanrights,andcommunityresponsibility.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: True

30. Thevirtuesethicsapproachtodecisionmakingfocusesonhowoneshouldbehaveandthinkaboutrelationshipsifheorsheisconcernedwithhisorherdailylifeinthecommunity.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: True

31. istheconceptthatanorganizationshouldactethicallybytakingaccountabilityfortheimpactofitsactionsontheenvironment,thecommunity,andthewelfareofitsemployees.

a. Corporate socialresponsibility b.Corporategovernance

c.Corporatesocialentrepreneurship d.Corporatesustainability

ANSWER: a

32. Whichofthefollowingstepsinthedecision-makingprocessgathersandanalyzesfactsandalsoidentifiesstakeholdersaffectedbythedecision?

a. Develop problemstatement b.Evaluateresult

c.Identifyalternatives d.Implementdecision

ANSWER: a

33. Asetofbeliefsaboutrightandwrongbehaviorwithinasocietyiscalled .

a. ethics b.moralcode

c.law d.vicesandvirtues

ANSWER: a

34. Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribesareasonwhyorganizationspursuecorporatesocialresponsibility(CSR)goalsandpromoteaworkenvironmentinwhichemployeesareencouragedtoactethicallywhenmakingbusinessdecisions?

a. To enjoy higheremployee turnover rates b.Todefineavariableapproachfordealingwithstakeholders

c.Togain thegoodwill ofthecommunity d.Toincreaseunfavorablepublicity

ANSWER: c

35. A(n) isahabitofunacceptablebehavior.

a. moral b.virtue

c.ethic d.vice

ANSWER: d

36. Acomplicationofthe approachtodecisionmakingisthatmeasuringandcomparingthevaluesofcertainbenefitsandcostsisoftendifficult,ifnotimpossible.

a. fairness b.virtueethics

c.commongood d.utilitarian

ANSWER: d

37. describesstandardsorcodesofbehaviorexpectedofanindividualbyagroup(nation,organization,profession)towhichanindividualbelongs.

a. Ethics b.Virtues

c.Laws d.Morals

ANSWER: a

38. Everysocietyformsasetofrulesthatestablishestheboundariesofgenerallyacceptedbehavior.Theserulesareoftenexpressedinstatementsabouthowpeopleshouldbehave,andtheyfittogethertoformthe bywhichasocietylives.

a. laws b.ethics

c.virtuesandvices d.moralcode

ANSWER: d

39. hadoneofthelowestsoftwarepiracyratesin2011.

a. Moldova b.Bangladesh

c.Libya d.NewZealand

ANSWER: d

40. Companiesthatdevelopandmaintainstrongemployeerelations:

a. buildindifferencetotheorganization'sgoals.

b. erodeemployeeinvolvement.

c. enjoylowerturnoverrates.

d. facelowemployeemorale.

ANSWER: c

41. InthecaseofUnitedStatesv.NewYorkCentral&HudsonRiverRailroadCo.,theU.S.SupremeCourtestablishedthat:

a. executivesinanorganizationwithaneffectiveethicsprogramcanreceivelessersentencesforunethicalactions.

b. anemployercanbeheldresponsiblefortheactsofitsemployeeseveniftheemployeesactinamanner

contrarytotheiremployer’sdirections.

c. organizationscanescapecriminalliabilityiftheymakestrongeffortstopreventanddetectmisconductintheworkplace.

d. officersofcompaniescannotbegivenlightsentencesiftheirethicsprogramfailtodetercriminalactivitywithintheirfirms.

ANSWER: b

42. Arapidincreaseintheappointmentofcorporateethicsofficerstypicallyfollows:

a. theacquisitionofonecompanybyanother.

b. therevelationofamajorbusinessscandal.

c. theappointmentofanewCEO.

d. asubstantialdecreaseinthestockpriceofafirm.

ANSWER: b

43. Basedona2009NationalBusinessEthicsSurvey,thepercentageofemployeeswhosaidtheyreportedmisconductintheworkplacewhentheysawit .

a. increasedfrom2007to2009 b.decreasedfrom2007to2009

c.stayed essentiallythe same d.increasedbymorethan10percentagepointsfrom2007to2009

ANSWER: a

44. The thatsociallyresponsibleactivitiescreatecanmakeiteasierforcorporationstoconducttheirbusiness.

a. profits b.alliances

c.incentives d.goodwill

ANSWER: d

45. Thestepinthedecision-makingprocessduringwhichthedecisionmakersconsiderlaws,guidelines,policies,andprinciplesthat might applyto the decision isthe step.

a. developproblemstatement b.implementdecision

c.identifyalternatives d.evaluateandchoosealternative

ANSWER: d

46. Whichofthefollowingisthemostcriticalstepinthedecision-makingprocess?

a. Evaluationoftheresults

b. Identificationofalternativesolutions

c. Developmentofaproblemstatement

d. Implementationofadecision

ANSWER: c

47. Adiscrepancybetweenemployee'sownvaluesandanorganization'sactions:

a. encouragesemployeecommitment. b.increasesemployeeinvolvement.

c.fosterspoor performance. d.createshighmorale.

ANSWER: c

48. The chairmanof ,anIndianbasedoutsourcingfirm,admittedhehadoverstatedthecompany’sassetsbymorethan$1billioninIndia’slargestevercorporatescandal.

a. TataConsultancyServices b.WiproConsultancyServices

c.Genpact d.SatyamComputerServices

ANSWER: d

49. Someone whostandstogain orlose,dependingonhow asituationisresolved iscalleda .

a. negotiator b.figurehead

c.stakeholder d.philanthropist

ANSWER: c

50. Ina(n) ,anorganizationreviewshowwellitismeetingitsethicalandsocialresponsibilitygoals,andcommunicatesitsnewgoalsfortheupcomingyear.

a. ethicsreview b.performanceappraisal

c.socialaudit d.moralsassessment

ANSWER: c

51. Awell-implementedethicsandcomplianceprogramandastrongethicalculturecanleadto:

a. morefearofretaliationbymanagement. b.lesscomfortforemployeesreportingmisconduct.

c.morenegativeviewsontheorganization. d.lesspressureonemployeestomisbehave.

ANSWER: d

52. Anapproachtoethicaldecisionmakingthatisbasedonavisionofsocietyasacommunitywhosemembersworktogethertoachieveageneralsetofvaluesandgoalsisthe approach.

a. commongood b.fairness

c.virtue ethics d.utilitarian

ANSWER: a

53. In a forprofitorganization, itis the primary objective ofthe tooverseetheorganization’sbusinessactivities

andmanagementforthebenefitofshareholders,employees,customers,suppliers,andthecommunity.

a. negotiator b.boardofdirectors

c.corporateethicsofficer d.corporatecomplianceofficer

ANSWER: b

54. A providesanorganizationwithvisionandleadershipintheareaofbusinessconduct.

a. spiritualleader b.corporateethicsofficer

c.disseminator d.disturbancehandler

ANSWER: b

55. Section404oftheSarbanes-OxleyActstatesthat:

a. annualreportsmustcontainastatementsignedbytheCEOandCFOattestingthattheinformationinallof

thefirm’sSECfilingsisaccurate.

b. publiccompaniesmustdisclosetheircodeofethicsaswellasanywaiverofthecodeforcertainmembersofseniormanagement.

c. acodeofethicsmustbeeasilyaccessiblebyemployees,shareholders,businesspartners,andthepublic.

d. thecodeofethicsmustcontinuallybeappliedtoacompany’sdecisionmakingandemphasizedasan

importantpartofitsculture.

ANSWER: a

56. The isresponsibleforthecarefulandresponsiblemanagementofanorganization.

ANSWER: boardofdirectors

57. Apersonwhoactswith actsinaccordancewithapersonalcodeofprinciples.

ANSWER: integrity

58. Inanenvironmentwhereemployeesareencouragedtodo“whateverittakes”togetthejobdone,employeesmayfeelpressuretoengagein conducttomeetmanagement’sexpectations.

ANSWER: unethical

59. The approachtodecisionmakingsuggeststhatwhenfacedwithacomplexethicaldilemma,peopledoeitherwhattheyaremostcomfortabledoingorwhattheythinkapersontheyadmirewoulddo.

ANSWER: virtueethics

60. The goalof the approachtoethicaldecisionmakingistofindthesinglegreatestgoodbybalancingtheinterestsofallaffectedparties.

ANSWER: utilitarian

61. areone’spersonalbeliefsaboutrightandwrong.

ANSWER: Morals

62. A(n) isahabitthatinclinespeopletodowhatisacceptable.

ANSWER: virtue

63. A(n) isastatementthathighlightsanorganization’skeyethicalissuesandidentifiestheoverarchingvalues

andprinciplesthatareimportanttotheorganizationanditsdecisionmaking.

ANSWER: codeofethics

64. In the decision-making process of implementing the decision, a(n) planmustbedefinedtoexplaintopeoplehowtheywillmovefromtheoldwayofdoingthingstothenewway.

ANSWER: transition

65. An effective helpsensurethatemployeesabidebythelaw,follownecessaryregulations,andbehaveinanethicalmanner.

ANSWER: codeofethics

66. A(n) isaclear,concisestatementofanissuethatneedstobeaddressed.

ANSWER: problemstatement

67. The ledtosignificantreformsinthecontentandpreparationofdisclosuredocumentsbypubliccompanies.

ANSWER: Sarbanes-OxleyAct

68. Theprinciplethattheethicalchoicetreatseveryonethesameandshowsnofavoritismordiscriminationismostcloselyassociated with the approachtodealingwithmoralissues.

ANSWER: fairness

69. The approachtoethicaldecisionmakingfitseasilywiththeconceptofvalueineconomicsandtheuseofcost-benefitanalysisinbusiness.

ANSWER: utilitarian

70. Decisionsandpoliciesthatuse the approachtodecisionmakingattempttoimplementsocialsystems,institutions,andenvironmentsthateveryonedependsonandthatbenefitallpeople.

ANSWER: common good

71. Acodeofethicscannotgaincompany-wideacceptanceunlessitisdevelopedwith andfullyendorsedbythe

organization’sleadership.

ANSWER: employeeparticipation

72. Section 406ofthe requirespubliccompaniestodisclosewhethertheyhaveacodeofethicsandtodiscloseanywaiverofthecodeforcertainmembersofseniormanagement.

ANSWER: Sarbanes-OxleyAct

73. Duringtheproblemdefinitionprocess,onemustbeextremelycarefulnotmake aboutthesituation.

ANSWER: assumptions

74. isthepracticeofillegallymakingcopiesofsoftwareorenablingotherstoaccesssoftwaretowhichtheyarenotentitled.

ANSWER: Softwarepiracy

75. Themoralcorruptionofpeopleinpower,whichisoftenfacilitatedbyatendencyforpeopletolooktheotherwaywhentheirleadersactinappropriatelyhasbeengiventhename .

ANSWER: Bathshebasyndrome

76. actsconformtowhatanindividualbelievestobetherightthingtodo.

ANSWER: Moral

77. frequentlyincludeasetofformal,writtenstatementsaboutthepurposeofanorganization,itsvalues,andthe

principlesthatshouldguideitsemployees’actions.

ANSWER: Codesofethics

78. Supplychainsustainabilityisacomponentof thatfocusesondevelopingandmaintainingasupplychainthatmeetstheneedsofthepresentwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirneeds.

ANSWER: corporatesocialresponsibility(CSR)CSR

corporatesocialresponsibility

(CSR)corporatesocialresponsibility

79. ThegrowthoftheInternetandtheabilitytocaptureandstorevastamountsofpersonaldatahaveincreasedtheriskthat willbeusedunethically.

ANSWER: informationtechnology

80. A(n) alignsthepracticesofaworkplacewiththestatedethicsandbeliefsofthatworkplace,holdingpeopleaccountabletoethicalstandards.

ANSWER: corporateethicsofficer

81. Whatisasocialaudit?Explain.

ANSWER: Inasocialaudit,anorganizationreviewshowwellitismeetingitsethicalandsocialresponsibilitygoals,andcommunicatesitnewgoalsforthecomingyear.Thisinformationissharedwithemployees,shareholders,investors,marketanalysts,customers,suppliers,governmentagencies,andthecommunitiesinwhichtheorganizationoperates.

82. Describetwotrendsthathaveincreasedthelikelihoodofunethicalbehavior.

ANSWER: Severaltrendshaveincreasedthelikelihoodofunethicalbehavior.First,formanyorganizations,greaterglobalizationhascreatedamuchmorecomplexworkenvironmentthatspansdiverseculturesandsocieties,makingitmuchmoredifficulttoapplyprinciplesandcodesofethicsconsistently.Forexample,numerousU.S.companieshavemovedoperationstodevelopingcountries,whereemployeesworkinconditionsthatwouldnotbeacceptableinmostdevelopedpartsoftheworld.

Second,intoday’sdifficultanduncertaineconomicclimate,organizationsareextremelychallengedtomaintainrevenueandprofits.Someorganizationsaresorelytemptedtoresorttounethicalbehaviortomaintainprofits.Forexample,thechairmanoftheIndia-basedoutsourcingfirmSatyamComputerServicesadmittedhehadoverstatedthecompany’sassetsbymorethan$1billion.TherevelationrepresentedIndia'slargestevercorporatescandalandcausedthegovernmenttostepintoprotectthejobsofthecompany’s53,000employees.

83. Inthecontextofanethicaldecision-makingprocess,discusstheimportanceofcommunicationinimplementingachange.

ANSWER: Oncethealternativeisselected,itshouldbeimplementedinanefficient,effective,andtimelymanner.

Thisismucheasiersaidthandone,becausepeopletendtoresistchange.Infact,thebiggerthechange,thegreatertheresistancetoit.Communicationisthekeyinhelpingpeopleacceptachange.

Itisimperativethatsomeonewhomthestakeholderstrustandrespectanswerthefollowingquestions:Whyarewedoingthis?Whatiswrongwiththecurrentwaywedothings?Whatarethebenefitsofthenewwayforyou?

Atransitionplanmustbedefinedtoexplaintopeoplehowtheywillmovefromtheoldwayofdoingthingstothenewway.Itisessentialthatthetransitionbeseenasrelativelyeasyandpainfree.

84. Discusstheroleoftheboardofdirectorsincreatinganethicalorganization.

ANSWER: Boardofdirectorsofacompanyareexpectedtoconductthemselvesaccordingtothehigheststandardsforpersonalandprofessionalintegrity,whilesettingthestandardforcompany-wideethicalconductandensuringcompliancewithlawsandregulations.Employeeswill“getthemessage”ifthedirectorssetanexampleofhighlevelofethicalbehavior.Iftheydon’tsetagoodexample,employeeswillgetthatmessageaswell.Importantly,boardmembersmustcreateanenvironmentwhereemployeesfeeltheycanseekadviceaboutappropriatebusinessconduct,raiseissues,andreportmisconductthroughappropriatechannels.Failureoftheboardtosetanexampleofhigh-levelethicalbehaviorortointervenetostopunethicalbehaviorcanresultinseriousconsequences.

85. Brieflydescribethedifferencebetweenmorals,ethics,andlaws.

ANSWER: Moralsareone’sownpersonalbeliefsaboutrightandwrong,whilethetermethicsdescribestandardsorcodesofbehaviorexpectedofanindividualbyagroup(nation,organization,profession)towhichanindividualbelongs.Forexample,theethicsofthelawprofessiondemandthatdefenseattorneysdefendanaccusedclienttothebestoftheirability,eveniftheyknowsthattheclientisguiltyofthemostheinousandmorallyobjectionablecrimeonecouldimagine.

Lawisasystemofrulesthattellspeoplewhatonecanandcannotdo.Lawsareenforcedbyasetofinstitutions(thepolice,courts,lawmakingbodies).Legalactsareactsthatconformtothelaw.Moralactsconformwithwhatanindividualbelievestobetherightthingtodo.Lawscanproclaimanactaslegal,althoughmanypeoplemayconsidertheactimmoral—forexample,abortion.

#Test Bank Ethics in Information Technology 5th Edition

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