#trying to remember how tf watt-hours work

[evienyx]

Calculating Sentry's Power Level (with science!!!)

In Thunderbolts*, we are told rather explicitly that Sentry has "the power of a thousand exploding suns." I have seen this used a lot when discussing how he might measure up against other beings within the MCU.

Now, I have no real way of calculating or quantifying the power of someone like Wanda or Loki or anyone like that. For Bob, though, we might actually be able to find a number. What would this number mean? Unimportant, this is just for fun, so don't take anything as gospel either because I'm barely checking my math here and am just stream-of-consciousness-ing this thing.

Okay, so, let's figure out just how much power Bob has (spoiler: it's so much omg lmao). My man is stressed and doesn't wanna know but that's too damn bad okay here we go.

To start, let's look at how much energy, or power, the Sun outputs.

When it comes to stars, their power output is referred to as their luminosity, and is measured in Watts (also known as Joules/second, or the energy output every second).

The Sun's luminosity is about 3.828 × 10^26 Watts. (source)

For reference, the total U.S. electricity consumption in 2022 was about 4.07 trillion kWh (or about 1.4652 × 10^19 Joules) (source). Dividing our Sun's luminosity of 3.828 × 10^26 Joules/second by this, we can find that the Sun outputs enough energy to power the U.S. for a year 26,126,126 times over, every second.

So, a lot of power.

This alone would pack quite a punch. However, we are not looking at the power of just one Sun, but of 1000. So, we multiply our Luminosity by 1000, and can also multiply our number of United States as well to find that our power output is now

3.828 × 10^29 Watts, or 26,126,126,000 United States (in a year, every second).

Even now, though, we aren't getting the whole picture. After all, Sentry's power isn't "the power of a thousand Suns." It's "the power of a thousand exploding Suns." Therefore, we need to look at the amount of energy that the Sun would output at the end of its life.

In astronomy, stars are categorized based off of their luminosity and their surface temperature, as well as color (source). The majority of stars (as in about 90%) fall into the "main sequence," while the other 10% are made up white dwarfs, giants, and supergiants. They are organized in what is known as the Hertzprung-Russell (HR) diagram, shown below.

Our Sun is what is known as a G-Type (yellow) star. It is a very average star (which is a good thing). For average stars, their life comes to an end when they run out of excess hydrogen to use for nuclear fusion (the process of fusing hydrogen atoms into helium, which releases immense energy and powers the star). Once that hydrogen runs out, the star begins to collapse.

This collapse, however, produces more heat, so that the star can then create essentially a burning shell of its little remaining hydrogen that wraps around the star's core. This shell causes the outer layers of the star to expand rapidly, turning the star into a red giant, which will consume its helium until it is gone, and collapse and expand again.

As material continues to be ejected from the red giant, it also forms a planetary nebula around the dying star. After about a billion years, it will run out of material and the inner core of the star will be exposed. At this point, the star is left as a white dwarf (source).

Now, that was a lot, and a lot of energy was involved, but there are three main parts of the G-Type star's death: the red giant, the planetary nebula ejection, and the white dwarf.

When a star expands into a red giant, it heats up a lot, and its luminosity increases significantly (source). We don't know exactly how much the Sun's luminosity will increase by at this point. Some estimates put it anywhere between 1000 times greater and 3000 times greater, so for the sake of this, let's just say 2000 times greater.

So, the luminosity of our dying red giant star is about

7.656 × 10^29 Watts.

Unfortunately, Watts is measuring our energy output per second, and we want it overall. So, let's keep going.

Though the red giant period lasts for about a billion years, the increased luminosity is really only toward the end of it, as it comes from the burning of helium into carbon, which goes by much quicker than the hydrogen burning that took up most of the star's life.

So, instead of a billion years, we will go with about ten million years worth of our high luminosity.

Energy = luminosity (watts) × time (seconds)

Energy = (7.656 × 10^29 joules/second) × (3.154 × 10^7 seconds/year) × 10^7 years

Energy = 2.415 × 10^44 joules.

I'm not even gonna try to figure out how many United States that is.

This is only the red giant phase, of course. We still have a bit more to look at.

Though there is no fusion involved or anything, the planetary nebula ejection still outputs a lot of kinetic energy, which we can thankfully calculate relatively easily. We only need the mass and the velocity.

For mass, we're looking at about 40% of the Sun's original mass being sent out into space (source), so about 7.9536 × 10^29 (source).

For velocity, we're looking at about 20 km/s, or 20,000 m/s (source).

Another note: 1 joule = 1 kg × (m/s)^2

Now, onto kinetic energy:

E = 0.5 × mass × velocity^2

E = 0.5 × (7.9536 × 10^29 kg) × (20,000 m/s)^2

E = 1.591 × 10^38 joules.

That's a lot of energy, but in terms of stellar and astrophysics things, it's not actually that much lol. Still, now we know it.

Lastly, we have the white dwarf phase. Now, once a star is a white dwarf, its death is essentially already done. All that would be left in terms of energy for this white dwarf phase would be the energy that is output as it is cooling. Certainly, this is a lot of energy, but it isn't really enough to make much of a dent in our calculations, especially since it is happening over the course of billions of years.

So, our final number for the amount of energy output by the Sun in its death is about:

2.415 × 10^44 joules.

Our planetary nebula ejection number (1.591 × 10^38 joules) is so insignificant against this number that adding it changes literally nothing.

This is just one Sun, though. We need a thousand.

So, if we want to quantify the amount of power that Sentry has, knowing that it is the power of "a thousand exploding Suns," we can say that it is about:

2.415 × 10^47 joules.

This is more energy than the Sun will output over its entire lifetime, and by quite a lot.

Now, one thing may have caught your attention through all of this.

The idea of "exploding star" evokes a very particular image, and it is certainly not that of a star turning red and expanding and contracting over the course of a billion years. When you hear "exploding star," you don't think red giant; you think supernova.

The thing is, most stars don't go supernova. Our Sun is not nearly massive enough to go supernova. It would need a mass at least eight times that which it has to even have a possibility of going supernova.

However, supernovae have a general amount of energy that they output when they occur, in the ballpark of about 10^44 joules (source). Multiply this by 1000, and you get about the answer we already found (10^47 joules).

The exciting thing about a supernova explosion is not just the amount of energy that it outputs, but the speed at which it does so. The fact that the Sun cannot go supernova, and therefore cannot explode, will not affect our final answer in any way but vibes.

And so, we come to our not-at-all-peer-reviewed, done at midnight, completely without double-checking my work, final answer.

MCU Sentry, with the power of "a thousand exploding Suns," has the power roughly equivalent to 2.415 × 10^47 joules.

Or:

241,500,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 joules.

For reference, in 2019, the world total electricity consumption was about 22,848 TWh (source), or about 8.225 × 10^19 joules. This means that Sentry's power is equivalent to about how much energy the entire world uses in a year, 2.936 octillion times over (or 2.936 × 10^27).

Considering this is (I think) representative of his power level and not something like the total amount of power he can use ever, it's safe to say that, even if it is the power of a thousand exploding Suns rather than a million, MCU Sentry is still pretty strong, all things considered.

Anyway, if you find anything in particular that is grievously wrong with this, feel free to let me know. I did this in like under two hours.

Read next: Sentry Vs. The Avengers (with science!)

POV: They don't know I've got 2.415 × 10^47 joules worth of power inside me (except they kinda do lol)

[dropshippingreviewslove1-blog]

The Very Best of Betron Bluetooth Speakers

The Top 10 Best Betron Bluetooth Speakers

Are you under budget and looking for the best Bluetooth speakers by Betron? If you are then you've come to the right place, in this article we have listed what we believe are the 10 best Betron Bluetooth speakers. To help pick apart the good from bad, we have sought out 10 of the best Bluetooth speakers and alongside we've also listed a buyer's guide to help you know more or understand better about these devices.

List of Best Betron Bluetooth Speakers

Below is a list of all top Bluetooth speakers by betron, These items are not in order of price or quality, but we are confident you will make the right decision with your choice. Betron BPS60 Wireless Bluetooth SpeakerBetron D51 Bluetooth wireless speakerBetron A3 Bluetooth wireless speakerBetron KBS08 wireless Bluetooth speakerBetron E45 wireless Bluetooth speakerBetron NR200 Bluetooth speakerBetron KRT50 Bluetooth Wireless SpeakerBetron MC500 Bluetooth speakerBetron XR77 Bluetooth speakerBetron E50 Bluetooth speaker

What to look for in Bluetooth Speakers

What to look for in a Bluetooth speaker is entirely dependent on your requirements, but apart from all that there are necessary features to look for in a Bluetooth speaker and they include the following: 1. Battery life This feature is very important for every Bluetooth speaker. Long-lasting battery life is very important since you want to use if for outside where power sources may be out of reach. E.g, when you go out hiking, camping or on a picnic, strong battery life, is essential. 2. Portability A Bluetooth speaker is supposed to be very portable, you should be able to just grab it and then take off, so dimensions and weight are important when Choosing an outside speaker, at least you should be able to carry it in your handbag or backpack. 3. Connectivity The Bluetooth connectivity version and the quality of the connection are very important for every outdoor Speaker, avoid buying speakers with connection issues, it's best to try a speaker before you purchase.

1. Betron BPS60 Wireless Bluetooth Speaker

This Bluetooth speaker is compatible with a smartphone, an iPad, iPod or MP3 player. This Betron BPS60 Bluetooth speaker is equipped with a 3.5mm audio cable for non-Bluetooth devices as well as being compatible with Bluetooth built-in tablets, smartphones, laptops, PC`siPads, iPhones, and iPods. The transmission range of the speaker is 8~10m, it is portable and perfect traveling, it is as well perfect for use in the home, garden, on the beach, picnics. The Betron BPS60 mini rechargeable speaker contains lithium battery with 6 hours of playtime and is charged via Mini USB Cable supplied, it has a compact pop up design which provides maximum flexibility and delivers high sound quality. Common questions: Does the led change color while charging? Once it is plugged in, a red color turns on and stays on while charging, but when charging is complete, the color changes to blue. Does it work with android? It is compatible with android devices and tablets. Pros: Sound good for its sizeThe battery life is considerably goodConnectivity is good and easy to useIts good value for moneyPortable and transferableGood for traveling Cons: Pairing complains from usersConsiderably low bass due to sizeConnectivity issues with some laptops

2. Betron D51 Bluetooth wireless speaker

A lot of customers have highly recommended the Betron D51 Bluetooth speaker because it delivers full, natural sound with deeper bass than you'd expect from an ultra-compact speaker that fits in the palm of your hand. The portable speaker is compatible with your smartphone, tablet or other Bluetooth devices, so you can listen to your music, videos or games anytime, anywhere. The speaker also has a built-in speakerphone that allows you to take calls out loud, too. A lot of customers love the speaker because it is small and light enough to tuck into your bag as it weighs in at just 0.51 kg. Its low profile lets you place it almost anywhere and provides a low center of gravity that makes it nearly impossible to tip over. It has a rechargeable lithium-ion battery that delivers long playtime, and charges with most USB power sources. Features - The speaker has a range of about 10 m, so you can enjoy the sound you want without wires.Voice prompts talk you through pairing with your smartphone, iPhone or other Bluetooth devices, making it easier than ever.The speaker remembers the most recent eight devices you've used, so reconnecting is even simpler.The speaker lets you enjoy your music through 5W dual high-performance drivers and a unique enhanced bassThe speaker is equipped with the advanced Bluetooth technology, compatible with all Bluetooth enabled devices including iPhone, iPod, iPad, Samsung mobile phones, tablets, computers, pc, laptops, etcAllows you to connect the Bluetooth speakers directly to a non-Bluetooth device Common questions: Is Betron D51 waterproof? For people looking for waterproof speakers to use in the bathroom or poolside, the D51 is not waterproof, but you can find other quality, waterproof Bluetooth speakers. Is the Betron D51 compatible with televisions? If the television is Bluetooth enable, the connection should be very easy, the most recent televisions are smart television with Bluetooth enabled. Check out some smart televisions. Pros: Sound good with 5W unique enhanced bassThe battery life is considered good with up to 10hrs Connectivity is good and compatible with all Bluetooth enabled devicesEasy to connectCrystal clear sound with a range of 10mPortable and transferable and good for room party Cons: May have issues connecting to Alexa Few complaints about Bluetooth not working after a few months

3. Betron A3 Bluetooth wireless speaker

This Betron A3 Bluetooth wireless speaker is one of the best speakers by Betron, it has a built-in microphone that allows you to use your speaker for a phone call, allows you to have wireless connectivity via Bluetooth and is compatible with Bluetooth enabled devices such as iPhone, iPod, iPad, smartphones, tablets, computers and more. The speaker is Ultra-lightweight and portable, making it excellent for traveling and allows you to take your music anywhere you want. Features The speaker has a built-in microphone with a 2-feet pickup range that allows the speaker to double as a handsfree speakerphoneThe speaker has an Aux function - through the 3.5mm audio Cable It can also connect any music device without BluetoothHas a Built-in LED ambiance light that can be turned off and on anytime Common questions: Does the Betron A3 run on mains or batteries? The A3 is a wireless speaker meaning, it can be used while plugged into the mains or on built-in batteries. If you are traveling, you can use it but should be fully charged. How do you turn off the LED light? You will find a tiny button under the speaker, usually unnoticed, press and hold the button to turn the speaker on/off. Can you play music on A3 using a USB stick? This is a Bluetooth only enable speaker, it is also portable and has no USB port for such purpose, instead a 3.5mm audio cable (AUX) to connect other devices without Bluetooth connection. Pros: Built-in microphone for callsAudio cable to connect other non-Bluetooth devicesIdeal traveling speakerIt has a memory card slotUp to 5hrs of battery lifeGood sound quality Cons: Few customers complain about failing to connect to TVNot a great battery life

4. Betron KBS08 wireless Bluetooth speaker

This speaker is unique and compatible with all Bluetooth enabled devices as well as devices with 3.5mm jack, the speaker is as well equipped with built-in microphone for Hands-free calling, Built-in TF slot support MP3 Music Play and Built-in FM Radio. The speaker is excellent for traveling and lets you enjoy your music anytime and anywhere. Features Can be easily paired with devices within 10 meters rangeThe rechargeable speaker streams your favorite musicAllows you to crank up the volume and fill your room with music Common questions Is Betron KBS08 waterproof? The KBS08 is not a waterproof wireless speaker, it cannot be used in the bath or poolside where water can flash on it. There is a high risk of complete damage if it comes in contact with water, if you are looking for quality waterproof Bluetooth speakers, then check on our article on best waterproof peakers. How can I get the Betron KBS08 Radio to work? First, you need to have a micro USB lead plugged in, this serves as an antenna for the radio. Try press and hold the play/pause button together with the +, the FM should start tunning itself, and once it finds a clear channel, it should start working. How can I turn off the flashing lights? The flashing mixed color light is purely for entertainment, if you want it off, just press and hold the mode button for some seconds the flashing lights should turn off. Pros: Compatible with all Bluetooth devicesBuilt-in microphone for hands free callingBuilt-in FM radioGood sound with bass effectComes with audio jack for non-Bluetooth devicesUp to 5hrs battery life of continuous play Cons: Vibrates on high volumeButtons can easily damage if not properly handled

5. Betron E45 wireless Bluetooth speaker

This speaker has Bluetooth 4.1. Advanced Bluetooth tech that offers an extended 33ft range (outside) so you can take your phone further without losing connection, the speaker also provides bright, long-range audio with an enhanced subwoofer. The speaker also offers a smart modern way to listen to your favorite hits wherever you are. Compatible with a range of audio devices from smartphones to tablets, the E45 Bluetooth wireless speaker delivers electric bass sound by it’s 2 x5 watt drivers with enhanced subwoofer and a battery life of up to 8 hours, so you can listen to music for longer. Features Provides dynamic sound performed by a 2 x5w speakers with a bass radiator for rich deep soundThe speaker has Broad Compatibility: Quick pairing through Bluetooth with iPhone, iPad Mini, iPad, iPod, Blackberry, Nexus, Samsung and other popular smartphonesIntegrated microphones for handsfree calling and answering callsCharging time is as little as 4 hours and no need to worry if you do not have Bluetooth capability, Betron has you covered and has included an audio cable so you can connect to your chosen device. The E45 comes with a memory card slot that can support up 2 64G. The speaker also comes with an integrated microphone so you can make and take calls via your phone, computer or laptop.

6. Betron NR200 Bluetooth speaker

With this speaker you will experience a full-bodied stereo sound with clean bass and powerful volume, it is a very portable wireless speaker that allows you to take your music wherever you go, it can fit snugly into your everyday luggage. Features Portable wireless speaker, Wherever you go, you enjoy your music The speaker is compatible with all Bluetooth devices such as iPhone, iPad, iPod, Samsung, Tablets as well as on Bluetooth devices such as mp3 playersThe Dual acoustic wireless speakers and a powerful passive radiator to deliver stereo, loud, ultra bass, and high definition sound effect; suitable for indoor or outdoor activities, with control buttons for volume, track, and callsHas a Touchpad sensor controls that make it easy to select your songs, make calls and change the volume, which are all on the top of the speaker with LED blue lights underneath to use day or night. Common questions Can I pair the two same speakers together? From the little trial I conducted, these two of these speakers cannot be paired on the same phone. But there is no limitation to other forms of the trial you can conduct to see if it does work. Can you play music using a USB stick or SD card? The speaker has a mini SD card slot so you can play your music anytime, also a mini USB port on the Betron Bluetooth speaker allows for laptop connection. Does the Betron NR200 speaker work with Amazon dot? The Amazon dot works and connects any available Bluetooth, the NR200 is not exempted it should connect straight away. Pros: The sound quality is unimaginably goodEasy to set up and useReduces sound distortion It has a built-in microphoneUp to 8hrs of battery lifeSensor burtons Cons: The battery can begin to weigh down after some time

7. Betron KRT50 Bluetooth Wireless Speaker

This is one of the best speakers that Produces clear realistic sound, by Betron. It has a battery life that lasts for long hours making it excellent for traveling. Features It is Compact, Matte black finish, High-quality sound, with clear bassGives you long continuous playback from one chargeProvides great sound in a portable package, you can Toss into your bag so you're never far from a party, or loop a lanyard through it for easy portabilityThis extraordinary audio device offers the right balance between sound quality and portability. The Betron KRT50 Bluetooth speaker is one of the top best quality sound speakers from Betron, with noise cancelling features for handsfree calling.Connects to every Bluetooth enabled devices and a very good stable connection.For direct music play, the Betron KRT50 has a USB and MicroSD slots.It has an enhanced bass, compact mids, and very clear highs.Plays continuously on a full charge for 5 hours using a built-in lithium-ion rechargeable battery.It is lightweight, transferable, and an ideal traveling companion. Pros: Beautiful design and portable for travelingGood battery life Clear sound and enhanced bassIt has a noise cancelling handsfree calling Cons: Mini USB cable is very shortNot an easy radio turning

8. Betron MC500 Bluetooth speaker

This sleek portable Betron MC500 speaker is excellent for traveling, it allows you to stream music wirelessly from any Bluetooth-enabled devices, including smartphones, touch screen tablets, laptops, and more. It has a line-in capability that enables you to connect the Bluetooth speakers directly to a non-Bluetooth-enabled device using the 3.5mm audio cable. The speaker has an award-winning cube design is sure to make the wireless speakers the focus of attention and the sound of superb quality will keep you and your friends entertained. Features The Speaker delivers a powerful sound and robust bass for its size. Utilizes Bluetooth technology for seamless device linking and a 66ft connection SD range.Microropport, AUX, FM radio, Built-in Microphone. MC500 provides endless audio on with all options.Is Compatible with Bluetooth devices such as iPhone, iPad, iPod, Samsung, Tablets as well as no Bluetooth devices such as mp3 players.Has a built-in microphone with a 2-feet pickup range allows the speaker to double as a handsfree speaker pX Phone.Has AUXunction - Through the 3.5mm audio line it can be used as an MP3 / MP4 player, also speakers of a mobile phone, a computer such as digital equipment. Common Questions Can two Betron MC500 be linked together? These two Bluetooth speakers are not designed to link to each, but what you can do is to pair the two speakers on your device. Depending on the device you are using, this may not. How can I connect Betron MC500 to my laptop? Switch on your laptop and Bluetooth speaker, go to your laptop control panel, select add a device, once Betron is found, select it and then click add. Can I connect this speaker to my keyboard? This is possible, you can connect the speaker to keyboard, in fact, many people are connecting their keyboards using portable speakers. You can use the 3.5mm cable that came with the speaker to connect your keyboard. Pros: Beautiful design and portableLong battery lifeIf you like not so loud music then i is right for.Good bass outputGood travel companion Cons: If you like bass in your music, then think twice with this

9. Betron XR77 Bluetooth speaker

Buy On Ebay The Betron XR77 Bluetooth Portable Wireless Speaker allows for incredibly easy listening wherever you are, also delivers a powerful sound and robust bass through a 10W audio driver and passive subwoofer. Features Produces deep, realistic soundAllows Bluetooth wireless connection to your iPhone, iPad, iPod, Samsung mobile phone, tablet or other Bluetooth-enabled devices with a 10m range. Bluetooth 4.0: Instantly pair to your smartphone, tablet or any Bluetooth compatible device and start streaming lossless CD-quality sound from up to 10m awayHas elegant Portable Wireless Speakers design, in classic simplicity, which fits your home beautifully.Has Compact and sleek high-quality ABS cover reflex some shine in a bright environment, offer you the beautiful enjoying not only for ears but also for eyes!

10. Betron E50 Bluetooth speaker

This speaker Connects over Bluetooth wirelessly to favorite devices such as iPhone, iPod, iPad, smartphones, tablets and provides a sound companion to all your smart devices, furnishing you with room-filling sound through its dual-powered speakers and passive radiator. The speaker also has a digital system that gives you clear high, warm mid-range and rich low frequencies and Integrated Microphone for handsfree calling and answering phone calls. Features It has a 6W speaker to fill up the room of sound and enhanced bassConnects to all Bluetooth devicesIt also has a built-in dual speaker and a bass port for sound and bass lovers The compact design makes this speaker versatile and fits any activity and travel. Considerably battery life of more than 5 hrs of playtime Pros: Enough sound to fill up the roomCan be used for both indoor and outdoor partiesLong battery lifeBeautiful design

Conclusion

The knowledge we hope to spread is the reason for this post about betron Bluetooth speakers, Betron has long exceeded our expectation. Not only do these betron Bluetooth speakers ranked as one of the best Bluetooth speakers, but they have also always focused on quality and standard. And to prove this from Betron, we have listed some of the best betron Bluetooth speakers above for your comfort. Choose the product you want and follow the link to read more customer's Betron Bluetooth speaker reviews.

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