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newcatwords · 3 years

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where is hawai'i? can you point to it on a map?

if someone asks you to point to hawai'i on a map, where would you point?

before colonization, there was (and continues to be) an island called "hawai'i". the entire chain of islands is called "hawaii" and there is a state called "hawaii" made up of a large number of those islands.

now, because there are too many things named "hawaii," the island of hawai'i is often called "the big island", because o'ahu, the island where the city of honolulu is located, is what many people think of when they think of "hawaii". it's a mess.

on top of that, we have the "main hawaiian islands" (aka "southeastern islands" aka "windward islands") vs the "outer islands" (aka "northwestern islands" aka "leeward islands").

most maps of "hawaii" show only the "main" islands. the map above (created by USGS) shows more of the hawaiian islands, but omits the names of two of the islands in the "main" chain: lana'i & kaho'olawe. these are not insignificant omissions. lana'i is 98% owned by larry ellison, founder & chairman of oracle corporation. kaho'olawe has been relentlessly used & abused by the west. it has been used for ranchland, military training, and most notably, as a munitions testing site, resulting in the continued contamination of the island. after many years of protests & lawsuits by native hawaiians, the island is now only accessible by native hawaiians for cultural, spiritual, & subsistence reasons.

meanwhile, this tourist mug with a creepy colonial-style map of hawaii includes both kaho'olawe & lana'i. good job, tourist mug!

there are actually over a hundred islands in the hawaiian archipelago. the state of hawaii includes 137 of them (source). midway atoll (made up of 3 islands) is part of the archipelago, but not part of the state. it is one of america's territories: an unorganized unincorporated territory.

additionally, some of the islands "are too small to appear on maps, and others, such as Maro Reef, only appear above the water's surface during times of low tide. Others, such as Shark and Skate islands, have completely eroded away." [source: wikipedia page "list of islands of hawaii"].

in the course of writing this post, i failed to find a map that shows & names all the hawaiian islands and failed to even find a list of all of them (plus if an island only appears sometimes or has disappeared entirely, what do you even do with that?). if you find either or both of those, let me know in comments.

so where and what "hawaii" is remains a mystery.

but this has not prevented commercial & official interests from using maps of "hawaii" in all kinds of places! here on the islands, hawaii map imagery is all around.

maps are very common on tourist items:

the hawaiian telcom logo uses dots roughly arranged in the pattern of the islands on a map:

but i guess only five islands are worth including (i understand. branding needs come above all else!).

this souvenir cloth item is interesting because it includes all the main islands (including ni'ihau, lana'i, and kaho'olawe - which are often excluded), but smooshes them into the available space without much consideration for where they are in relation to each other:

the postcard above has the main islands in their rough places, but squishes them all together so that they fit in the space. also the islands are made more similar in size to each other so that you can better see the little illustrations.

here's a more "official" map to show where the islands "should be" in relation to each other, and their sizes relative to each other (although both of those can change depending on what projection the map uses):

in my mind, though, the ultimate hawaii map fantasy lives on the ubiquitous reusable walmart cloth bag (available for 50 cents at checkout to all who have forgotten to bring the right number of bags. there's a plastic shopping bag ban in hawaii.):

in the walmart commercial universe (wcu), the only islands that exist are islands that have a walmart. the general outlines of the islands & their general orientation is preserved (along with a rough topology too!), attempting to convey a sense of adhering to a recognizable reality, but islands without a walmart have been not only omitted, but the space where they would be has been eliminated as well - as if they were never there to begin with. in the walmart version of reality, what makes something "hawaii" is whether or not it has a walmart on it.

i've had a lot of time to think about this remarkable image because i have a whole bunch of these bags. this is the bag of the people - everyone uses it for everything. the one in the above photo is in a typical state - pretty rough - because it probably came from the side of the road. you can almost always find one on the side of the road. so wherever you are, you are probably within sight of the walmart version of the islands.

so why does it matter whether or not you can point to "hawaii" on a map? well, maps are political documents, meaning that they reflect the vision of whoever has the power to put the map in front of your eyes. so if you're the one with the power to make some of the most commonly-seen maps of hawaii and you decide to remove a few islands, well that can really shape what people think "hawaii" is! we're a sea of islands - many people here have only ever been to one or two of the islands. if it wasn't on the map, you might not know that it existed at all.

hawaii is incredibly important to the united states, not just for tourism, but in terms of global strategy. it's the largest outpost of american power in the middle of the pacific. it puts america & its troops half an ocean closer to some of america's biggest competitors, most notably, china. it's a springboard to all the other island territories of the pacific (which you maybe haven't heard of because they almost never appear on maps):

once you see a map of all of america's territories in the pacific, along with the exclusive economic zones (eez) that extend out for 200 miles around each island, you start to get a better feel for the extent of america's power in the pacific.

when a place is left off the map, it can be easy to make it (including its people!) invisible. so if you're america, with bases across the islands of the pacific, with a nightmarish history of atomic weapons testing in the pacific (rendering islands uninhabitable and leaving both land and waters too contaminated for people to use), perhaps you might not want some of these places to appear on the map.

in Foreign Policy in Focus, Khury Petersen-Smith writes:

"Many of us living in North America who are concerned about climate change, for example, have a sense that Pacific Islands are facing particularly severe impacts from rising sea levels. But that knowledge tends to be vague and limited, as actual residents of these islands are rarely invited to the table to speak for themselves.

This is not accidental. Commenting during the Nixon administration on U.S. nuclear testing in the Marshall Islands, which share the same region of the Pacific as Guam, Henry Kissinger said “there are only 90,000 people out there. Who gives a damn?”

The U.S. has long had an interest in Marshallese and other Pacific Islanders remaining “out there” in the American mind. This marginalization helps allow the U.S. to carry out military operations in the region, along with policies that further climate change and other harms, while keeping most Americans unaware of these practices’ impacts in the Pacific." [FPIF]

often hawai'i (and alaska - which is in many ways similar to hawai'i in its relation to the contiguous US) doesn't even appear on national maps of the USA.

here's a screenshot from the new york times homepage on march 21, 2020, just as the coronavirus pandemic was beginning to spread:

there is no alaska and no hawai'i on those maps. so if you were looking for information on the most important issue that was happening at the time, and you live in or are concerned about hawai'i and/or alaska, there would just be nothing. and what does it say about the people who run the top newspaper in america that they decided it was fine to omit these two states? are they not states? do they not matter? do the readers in those states not matter? and this is not an unusual thing at all. it happens all the time.

i'd like to finish by sharing with you a poem by CHamoru poet Craig Santos Perez. CHamoru are the indigenous people of the mariana islands (which include guam, saipan, tinian, rota, and others).

in this poem, Craig Santos Perez writes about not appearing on the map...

“Off-Island CHamorus”

My family migrated to California when I was 15 years old. During the first day at my new high school, the homeroom teacher asked: “Where are you from?” “The Mariana Islands,” I answered. He replied: “I’ve never heard of that place. Prove it exists.” And when I stepped in front of the world map on the wall, it transformed into a mirror: the Pacific Ocean, like my body, was split in two and flayed to the margins. I found Australia, then the Philippines, then Japan. I pointed to an empty space between them and said: “I’m from this invisible archipelago.” Everyone laughed. And even though I descend from oceanic navigators, I felt so lost, shipwrecked

on the coast of a strange continent. “Are you a citizen?” he probed. “Yes. My island, Guam, is a U.S. territory.” We attend American schools, eat American food, listen to American music, watch American movies and television, play American sports, learn American history, dream American dreams, and die in American wars. “You speak English well,” he proclaimed, “with almost no accent.” And isn’t that what it means to be a diasporic CHamoru: to feel foreign in a domestic sense.

Over the last 50 years, CHamorus have migrated to escape the violent memories of war; to seek jobs, schools hospitals, adventure, and love; but most of all, we’ve migrated for military service, deployed and stationed to bases around the world. According to the 2010 census, 44,000 CHamorus live in California, 15,000 in Washington, 10,000 in Texas, 7,000 in Hawaii, and 70,000 more in every other state and even in Puerto Rico. We are the most “geographically dispersed” Pacific Islander population within the United States, and off-island CHamorus now outnumber our on-island kin, with generations having been born away from our ancestral homelands, including my daughters.

Some of us will be able to return home for holidays, weddings, and funerals; others won’t be able to afford the expensive plane ticket to the Western Pacific. Years and even decades might pass between trips, and each visit will feel too short. We’ll lose contact with family and friends, and the island will continue to change until it becomes unfamiliar to us. And isn’t that, too, what it means to be a diasporic CHamoru: to feel foreign in your own homeland.

Even after 25 years, there are still times I feel adrift, without itinerary or destination. When I wonder: What if we stayed? What if we return? When the undertow of these questions begins pulling you out to sea, remember: migration flows through our blood like the aerial roots of the banyan tree. Remember: our ancestors taught us how to carry our culture in the canoes of our bodies. Remember: our people, scattered like stars, form new constellations when we gather. Remember: home is not simply a house, village, or island; home is an archipelago of belonging.

–Craig Santos Perez

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thank you for reading this post! please let me know if you see any errors.

if you'd like to learn more about some important issues in the pacific, here are just a few:

july 2, 2020: "US says leaking nuclear waste dome is safe; Marshall Islands leaders don't believe it" - Los Angeles Times

may 30, 2021: "Pacific Plunder: this is who profits from the mass extraction of the region's natural resources." - The Guardian

april 5, 2021: "75 years after nuclear testing in the Pacific began, the fallout continues to wreak havoc" - The Conversation

june 4, 2021: "Guam won’t give up more land to the U.S. military without a fight" - The World (radio program)

aug. 24, 2021: "The US is building a military base in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. Micronesian residents have questions." - The World (radio program)

and if you'd like to learn more about how maps are political, here are a couple articles:

june 5, 2014: "The politics of making maps" by Amanda Ruggeri, for BBC

july 11, 2018: "Politics and Cartography: The Power of Deception through Distortion" by John Erskine, for the Carnegie Ethics Online Monthly Column

#pacific #hawaii #hawai'i #islands #maps #geography

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tautline-hitch · 5 years

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Under the cut: a discussion of homosexuality and the navy, ca. 1789–1815, absent any mentions of Avery Gordon, Freud on the uncanny, or James Merrill, although I do think this post may be haunted. I apologize.

In his excellent book The Wooden World—unquestionably a thing to be read for a sense of the Georgian navy—N.A.M. Rodger limits his discussion of homosexuality to a no doubt crushing one-page dismissal of A.D. Harvey’s apparently troubling idea that the there was a “rash”1 of sodomy trials during the Seven Years’ War (1756–63).2 There were, he tells us, only eleven: four of which resulted in acquittals and seven in convictions on lesser charges. From this evidence he draws his conclusions about the sexuality of hundreds of thousands of men3 over a period of more than a hundred years. Most notably he concludes that if women were present there was no reason for men to be queer and that “the eighteenth century navy was largely populated by young single men of vigorously heterosexual inclination, with […] very few indeed not interested in women.”4

On this last he isn’t wrong, assuming that by “very few” he means, perhaps, less than five per cent (a number in the tens of thousands). Rodger’s two mistakes here are, charmingly perhaps, mistakes of the eighteenth century. The first is to assume, as Georgian naval captains did, that homosexuality was caused solely by an absence of available women and could thus be treated by the presence of female sex workers.5The second, which is visible in how sodomy trials were argued and decided,6 is to believe that being sexually active with women precludes being sexually interested in men.7

These two ideas are mutually contradictory, of course, but that is irrelevant if what you’re trying to do, as I feel Rodger is and as his subjects were, is dismiss the question entirely. The reasons are different—Rodger clearly resents what he feels is an inordinate interest in what was, after all, not a significant part of what the navy was or did or meant (except, of course, to the men who lost their lives over it); the officers of the Georgian navy wanted, on the whole, to avoid accusations that their ships were hotbeds of vice, the necessity of trying and possibly hanging competent crewmen, and the wrath of both god and the Admiralty, to a lesser or greater degree. Both Rodger and his Georgians have an uphill (windward?) battle, here, because sailors had a reputation.

Kyle Danton, in the outstanding blog The British Tars, opens his discussion of homosexuality in the mid-eighteenth-century navy with a quote from the 1749 erotic novel Fanny Hill, in which a sailor entwined with the title character is “not going in by the right door,” and she chastises him for it: “any port in a storm,” he replies.8The joke works because there’s already a cultural association between sailors and anal sex. If that association doesn’t exist, it’s just a bland allusion to the way seamen speak, rather than a sly double entendre. It’s not funny. The same might be said of Mansfield Park’s nudge about “rears and vices,”9 not forgetting that Austen had two brothers in the navy, one of whom died an admiral of the fleet. It is into such an awareness that Churchill’s famous (possibly apocryphal) line about rum, sodomy and the lash can be received as amusing, rather than merely condemnatory.

This evidence of popular conceptions about the sexuality of sailors only makes plainer—more pointed, perhaps—the silences in the documentary record. At a time when homosexuality as a concept didn’t exist in anything like a recognizable modern form, and when official documentary acknowledgement of it as a behaviour necessitated legal action, there are really only two sorts of records we might look to for first-hand written evidence of men who loved or fucked men: records created by the men themselves about their own actions and records created by third parties, whether friends, rivals, or strangers.10 None are especially fruitful sources of information, with the possible exception of the court-martial transcripts, essentially for three reasons: officers don’t implicate themselves in their own writing; officers were largely unwilling to implicate their friends and comrades until a situation became entirely untenable; and officers were less likely to be caught in the act.

In 1815, Christopher Beauchamp, a midshipman, stood trial for sodomy. He had time to prepare his defence, and he opened by quoting from the English jurist William Blackstone:

“[Sodomy] is a crime which ought to be strictly and impartially proved but it is an offence of so dark a nature, so easily charged and the negative so difficult to be proved that the accusation should be clearly made out for if false it deserves a punishment inferior only to that of the crime itself.”11

Neither Beauchamp nor his alleged partner, Midshipman James Bruce, were convicted, probably because no one could say quite what they were up to beyond some suspicious buttoning and unbuttoning. They did, however, confess to the lesser charge of ‘uncleanness’, for which they were dismissed the service and sentenced to two years in Marchalsea prison. Uncleanness charges (under Article 2 of the 1749 Articles of War, rather than Article 29) are often intensely vague, but the term seems to have been considered applicable to most non-penetrative sexual contact: handjobs, mutual masturbation, kissing, (literally) sleeping together unclothed and possibly intercrural sex.12 (Bruce and Beauchamp argued that they’d confessed to uncleanness under duress, fearing the greater charge of sodomy, and this may be true.)13

If Beauchamp felt that sodomy was “so easily charged and the negative so difficult to be proved,” we tend to have the opposite problem. People were good at plausible deniability, and officers had a number of protections against detection in their favour: the privacy of their cabins, the closed ranks and closed mouths of their messmates (probably due to a combination of friendship and fellow-feeling and a desire not to be tarnished by the same accusations), and (sadly) the privilege of rank and class in arguing their case against a lower-decks accuser. They also had a lot more to lose than the ratings if they were caught, which probably encouraged greater caution if not abstinence entire.

The obscurities engineered by the men themselves are only amplified by time. The documentary lives of the vast majority of naval sailors are reducible to columns of numbers: dates, shillings, lashes, days on the sick list. Materials where accounts of sexual or romantic relationships might appear are few; we have trouble determining whether certain officers had wives, sometimes, let alone lovers. Any incriminating letters or journals were almost certainly destroyed, either during an officer’s lifetime or after his death; anything that has survived is likely to be very circumspect. The ubiquitous little 'x’s and stars such as James Fitzjames made in his journals, which Battersby suggests indicate sexual encounters,14 might in some cases have referred to sex with men (their frequency I think suggests otherwise, in the case of Fitzjames, much as the man loved a risk), but how could we possibly know?

That’s why we’re so reliant on court-martial cases: they remain by far the best source for overt discussion of queer stuff. The cases that came to trial generally involved an accusation of assault, but not all did. Sometimes, as in the case of Beauchamp and Bruce, a couple is accused by some third party; a much higher percentage of those cases seem to involve consenting adults, which supports the idea that the vast majority of queer activity went unreported. A charge of sodomy required proof (though what that meant varied) of both “penetration and emission”15—difficult to provide when the sole testifying witness was standing 35 feet away in the dark—and men who couldn’t really be proved to have done more than cuddle tended to get off (ha) with something between a slap on the wrist and the lashes, dismissal, or prison time sentenced for uncleanness.16

When HMS Africaine17 imploded into a mess of accusations and counter-accusations in 1815, some interesting things came to light. The transcripts themselves are pretty miserable reading; there are definitely sexual encounters described there that we’d regard as abuse, assault or rape, full stop, many of them involving boys between the ages of 13 and 17. But there are also a number of glancing shots at people who aren’t involved in the main drama, and these are a bit less grim. (I like William Brown, a bosun’s mate not otherwise involved in the scandal, who announced in the galley that if god told you to fuck men you’d do it, including to “the skipper [or] any officer of the ship’s Company” or even Christ himself, for which he was lashed. William, read the room.)18This sidling sort of accusation, the product presumably of incidental bitterness, is how Beauchamp and Bruce came to the notice of the courts, as did this lovely couple (barely petty officers, but they’re sweet):

Robert Silvers, a boatswain’s mate, and one Johnson, of the carpenter’s crew, were lying on deck together clad only in their shirts. […] Silvers was also reported to have been seen with his arm around Johnson’s neck, calling him “My Dear.” The matter eventually came to [Captain] Rodney’s attention, and he threatened to turn Silvers and Johnson ashore when the ship came to port, but […] due to lack of evidence, nothing was done.19

These interactions would never have been recorded anywhere if Africaine hadn’t been such an overall clusterfuck (in a strangely literal sense), though it seems clear not only that the crew knew about them, but that they had been reported to the captain in a somewhat official capacity and he’d decided not to pursue it. My personal suspicion is that this sort of thing went on in many ships, and it was generally ignored, lightly punished, or dealt with in a way that kept it out of the logs, or at least out of the courts.20

Much as I find Rodger’s position that a lack of textual evidence suggests an absence of activity deeply frustrating, he’s not wrong about the lack of textual evidence: LeJacq tallies the total number of trials in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries at "hundreds” (he’s oddly vague about his count, but identifies 490 sodomy cases total, and says “over a third” occurred between 1789 and 1816. Maybe he lost his post-it, I don’t know).21 Rodger also acknowledges that at least some officers did their best to keep their friends, and really anyone they had remotely friendly feelings for, out of the paperwork.22 Illustrative of the general atmosphere, perhaps, is the case of James Taylor, surgeon of HMS Jamaica, who was hanged for sodomy in 1810. I don’t think I’ve read the transcript of the trial, so I don’t know the details of what he was accused of—perhaps it’s ghastly23—but his confession to the chaplain is interesting:

“I will tell you with whom I have been concerned in this hateful crime, which I have practised so long and so often, and who are the persons, that have tended to bring me into this baneful practice. Sir, this crime is more general than you are aware of – there is a Society formed for the practice of it! and, belonging to it, are some men whom the public look up to.”24

The chaplain then begged him not to name names. Taylor, who had “taken up the vile and baneful opinion, that he had a right to do with himself as he pleased,”25 apparently complied, or at least the record doesn’t show whom he mentioned. Taylor had been in the navy 19 years, so it’s reasonably likely (although not guaranteed) that some of the names were naval ones.

James Taylor’s silence—determined first by the chaplain, then by the noose—is not a discrete one. It bleeds into the chasm of silences dividing the queer lives of the eighteenth century from our own. The diversity of opinions, from Rodger’s succinct dismissals to Gilbert’s meandering pseudo-psychoanalytic discursions, seems to converge on the idea that this was an absolute silence: a silence of tongues, of thoughts, of ways of being. But James Taylor’s silence was not an unwillingness to speak. He was ready to talk: presumably out of bitterness, perhaps out of fear or shame, but ready none the less. His silence is emblematic, I think, of the larger silence into which it falls: a retrospective silence, one imposed from above, if not by the mores of the time then by the carbolic properties of Victorian historiography and the conservatism of naval historians today.

People talk, and people talked about sodomy. They discussed the trials they’d read about in the papers, they muttered about officers, they made propositions. This is clear not only from the explicitly formal statements made about the acts themselves when such things came to the attention of the courts, but also from the clear facility with which both prosecutors and defendants defined their terms and assessed probabilities.26 It’s clear from the ease with which they said, when brought to it, he fucked me.27 It’s clear from the jokes in Cleland and Austen. What people didn’t do was record these parts of their lives in forms where they could be seized and used, whether against the author or against some third party.

The navy of the early nineteenth century operated at least in part on who knew what about whom, and knowing what could be expected of your officers was often the difference between life and death. Did a master have the necessary experience to handle a frigate in battle? Was a purser’s corruption acute enough to endanger a ship or its people? Was an obviously underage lieutenant a prodigy or a pet? Documentation–service records, certificates, warrants–went some way towards answering these questions, but they were more accurately answered by what people knew of each other, by the grand-scale networking that kept the navy and the Admiralty apprised of the actual performance of individuals, quite distinct from the pattern of promotion and accolade which so often reflected social obligation. Everyone talked, and everyone knew everyone talked: an accusation of sodomy, even with an acquittal, could destroy a career, especially for an officer of no particular name or distinction, and conviction carried a death sentence until 1861. Corollary: everyone knew when to shut up. Yes, there is a silence in the record, but not an absence. It is the work I think of the next generation of naval historians to determine the shape of that massed silence among the others like it, to suss out its edges and extent: to sound it, if you like.

While pulling together sources for this post, I came across Noel Mostert’s The Line upon a Wind: The Great War at Sea, 1793–1815, which reprints some details of the James Taylor case. I haven’t read it yet, so don’t take this for a general review, but on homosexuality at sea Mostert manages to combine Rodger’s succinctness with being right. He devotes less than two pages to the subject, but:

…sodomy was a capital crime. Culprits were hanged. It is therefore difficult to make any judgement on the extent of its existence. One historian of the eighteenth-century British navy [Rodger] declared “Everything suggests that it was an insignificant issue.” But that seems merely wishful, difficult to accept against the intense intimacy of shipboard existence and the inevitable irruption of homosexual bonding that such extended circumstances had always produced.28

Mostert grasps something several great naval historians of the past half century, in their barely concealed distaste, have missed: that even if the lack of textual evidence really does suggest a lack of gay sex, that doesn’t equate to an absence of queerness or of love. He ends his short chapter with a passage from a letter by one of Barfleur’s officers:

A sailor of our’s on watch, by some accident, fell overboard; the sea running very high at the time, prevented the poor fellow from catching any of the ropes which were thrown to him, and upset two boats which put off to his assistance: everybody was now on deck, the man sinking, and nobody able to afford him the least relief; when a comrade of his, struck by the supplicating countenance of the miserable man cried suddenly—"By heavens, Tom, I can’t bear that look; I’ll save you or go with you!”29

The second man dove in and supported his friend’s head above the water until they could be rescued. Both sailors survived.

Notes

1. “Rash”, with all its connotation, is Harvey’s word, though Rodger borrows it without comment. Rodger, Wooden World, 80.↩

2. For interest, here’s Rodger’s discussion of what didn’t happen during the Seven Years’ War, which at least recognizes the tendency of officers to avoid hanging one another except in cases of total social dysfunction.

Officers had the most privacy, and there were some cases among officers which never came to trial; the purser of the Newcastle, for instance, 'detected in some things not so decent to name,’ deserted before he could be arrested, the surgeon of the Mermaid was discharged for some indecency stopping well short of the crime specified in the articles of war, and Captain Churchill of the Canterbury buss, confronted with a complaint from one of his men, denied it, and then shot himself. A more prominent case was the court martial in 1762 of Captain Henry Angel of the Stag, who was arrested by his officers but acquitted on a conflict of evidence. The record of the trial suggests that his brother officers were glad to find an excuse to avoid convicting a respected officer on a capital charge. Angel at once resigned his commission, and begged his commander-in-chief to represent him as favourably as possible–which does not read like a consciousness of innocence.

Rodger, Wooden World, 80.↩

3. It’s probably impossible to be more precise, at least for me with the resources I have. Between 1715 and 1815 the number of men annually mustered by the navy varied from approximately 6,000 in 1725 to approximately 138,000 in 1808 (Rodger, Command, 637–639); I have yet to see a helpful estimate of average career length for a seaman. Wilson identifies mean career lengths of 10 to 13 years for senior warrant officers (masters, pursers and surgeons), although there are wild outliers: some masters served upwards of 45 years; “roughly one chaplain in five served on only one ship” (Wilson, Social History, 76–77); given the fragmentary nature of the documentary evidence, Rodger cautions against drawing conclusions from his figures, but his work shows at least that, on average, 40 to 50 per cent of lieutenants commissioned in a given year were reported dead within 50 years of that date—not shocking, since most can’t have been much younger than 20 when commissioned (Rodger, “Commissioned Officers’ Careers,” 119–20). Mortality rates varied wildly too, depending not only on the nature of service but also on station—tropical climates were especially deadly for British seamen. See Rodger, Command, 214, on some estimates for mortality rate in the early years of the eighteenth century: he mentions rates between 3.2% and 45% (obviously a disaster condition) of a ship’s complement dead in a year, though again he cautions against too much faith in the figures. Seamen also deserted frequently: one plausible estimate suggests 12,000 desertions in the period from 1803 to 1805 (Lavery, Nelson’s Navy, 143), in which year the navy had a standing complement of about 100,000 men. But they were reasonably likely to be pressed back into service at a later date, and many moved fluidly between the merchant service and the navy. All of this by way of saying: even if we had a fixed rate for the number of queer-identified humans in a given population which could be supplanted from one culture or era to the next, it would be almost impossible to apply it as it would be extremely difficult to determine how many individuals to whom it should be applied. (I worked some percentages in efforts towards answering this question: let me know if you’re interested in the numbers and I’ll happily share the spreadsheet.)↩

4. Rodger, Wooden World, 81.↩

5. Adkins, Jack Tar, 154.↩

6. Dalton, “Homosexuality in the Royal Navy”; LeJacq, “Buggery’s Travels,” 104.↩

7. LeJacq feels that men in the Georgian navy did have a sense of homosexuality as a consequence of identity or inclination rather than circumstance: “By the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries it was routine for characterological questions to arise in sodomy investigations and trials, especially in cases involving officers as defendants.” (LeJacq, “Buggery’s Travels,” 106.) But interest in women was still considered a good defence against charges of sodomy.↩

8. Cleland, Fanny Hill, part 8, qtd. in Dalton, “Homosexuality in the Royal Navy.”↩

9. Austen, Mansfield Park, chap. 6; qtd. LeJacq, “Buggery’s Travels,” 110.↩

10. These might be further divided by type into a number of categories, many of which might be written either by participant or by observer: diaries and journals (written for the author alone, although privacy was never guaranteed, and authorship was difficult to disavow, encouraging circumspection); letters and logs (written for a particular audience, but reasonably likely to be read by others, especially in a wartime ship); confessions and testimonies (presented to the court and committed to formal record, perhaps under duress); and reminiscences, memoirs and autobiographical fictions (written for the entertainment and approval of the public). None of these forms is a great place to talk about something that carries the death sentence.↩

11. Qtd. in Gilbert, “The Africaine Courts-Martial,” 118.↩

12. Definitions seem to have been at the discretion of the court martial board. There were people who confessed to repeated penetration and were charged with uncleanness (including Jack Hubbard, below); there were people who offered someone a handjob and were tried for sodomy (LeJacq, “Buggery’s Travels,” 103).↩

13. Gilbert, “The Africaine Courts-Martial,” 122.↩

14. Battersby, Fitzjames, chap. 3.↩

15. Burg, “HMS African Revisited,” 183. For some discussion of how this was actually interpreted, see LeJacq, “Buggery’s Travels,” 109, and Burg, Boys at Sea, 3.↩

16. Floggings for uncleanness could nevertheless be severe. Seventeen-year-old Jack Hubbard, one of Africaine’s unhappy ship’s boys, was sentenced to 300 strokes for uncleanness; the surgeon stopped it after 170 in the belief that more would probably kill him. Gilbert, “The Africaine Courts-Martial,” 111.↩

17. Variously African, Africainne, Africaine, L'Africainne.↩

18. Gilbert, “The Africaine Courts-Martial,” 113.↩

19. Burg, “HMS African Revisited,” 176–7.↩

20. The charge of uncleanness, with its discretionary punishments, was an excellent way for a captain to deter sexual activity between crewmen without sentencing anyone to death. Gilbert, “Buggery and the British Navy,” 72.↩

21. LeJacq, “Buggery’s Travels,” 104, 105.↩

22. See n. 2, above; Rodger, Wooden World, 80.↩

23. Mostert gives the name of Taylor’s partner as Thomas Ashton, described as "a boy of the marines” and “[Taylor’s] servant” (chap. 45). If he was a marine, and if I have the right man, he was 18 or 19 in 1810. ADM 158/208/17.↩

24. Norton, “Newspaper Reports, 1810.” ↩

25. Ibid.↩

26. LeJacq, “Buggery’s Travels,” 106.↩

27. Harvey, “Prosecutions for Sodomy,” 143.↩

28. Mostert, The Line, chap. 45.↩

29. Naval Chronicle, 25:454, qtd. in Mostert, chap. 45.↩

Sources

ADM 158/208/17. Records of the Royal Marines/Description books/Plymouth/A.

Adkins, Roy, and Lesley Adkins. Jack Tar: The Extraordinary Lives of Ordinary Seamen in Nelson’s Navy. London: Abacus, 2008.

Austen, Jane. Mansfield Park. 1814. Digitized text. en.wikisource.org/wiki/Mansfield_Park

Battersby, William. James Fitzjames: The Mystery Man of the Franklin Expedition. Toronto: Dundurn, 2010. Digital edition.

Burg, B.R. Boys at Sea: Sodomy, Indecency, and Courts Martial in Nelson’s Navy. Palgrave Macmillan: Basingstoke, 2007

———.“The HMS African Revisited: The Royal Navy and the Homosexual Community.” Journal of Homosexuality 56, no. 2, (2009): 173–194.

Cleland, John. Fanny Hill: Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure. 1749. Digitized text. en.wikisource.org/wiki/Fanny_Hill:_Memoirs_of_a_Woman_of_Pleasure

Dalton, Kyle. “Homosexuality in the Royal Navy.” The British Tars, 1740–1790. Posted 15 January 2018. britishtars.com/2018/01/homosexuality-in-royal-navy.html

Gilbert, Arthur N. “The Africaine Courts-Martial: A Study of Buggery and the Royal Navy.” Journal of Homosexuality 1, no. 1 (1976): 111–122. doi.org/10.1300/J082v01n01_09

———. “Buggery and the British Navy, 1700–1861.” Journal of Social History 10, no.1 (Fall 1976): 72–98.

Harvey, A.D. “Prosecutions for Sodomy in England at the Beginning of the Nineteenth Century.” The Historical Journal 21, no. 4 (1978): 939–48.

Lavery, Brian. Nelson’s Navy: The Ships, Men and Organisation, 1793–1815. London: Conway, 1989.

LeJacq, Seth Stein. “Buggery’s Travels: Royal Navy Sodomy on Ship and Shore in the Long Eighteenth Century.” Journal for Maritime Research 17, no. 2 (2015): 103–116, doi.org/10.1080/21533369.2015.1094980

Naval Chronicle for 1811, vol. 25. London: J. Gold, 1811. Scanned book. archive.org/details/navalchronicleco25londiala

Norton, Rictor, ed. “Newspaper Reports, 1810,” Homosexuality in Nineteenth-Century England: A Sourcebook. Updated 18 March 2018. rictornorton.co.uk/eighteen/1810news.htm.

Mostert, Noel. The Line upon a Wind: The Great War as Sea, 1793–1815. New York: W.W. Norton, 2007. Digital edition.

Rodger, N.A.M. The Command of the Ocean: A Naval History of Britain, 1649–1815. London: Allen Lane, 2004.

———. “Commissioned Officers’ Careers in the Royal Navy, 1690–1815.” Journal for Maritime Research 3, no.1 (2001): 85–129. doi.org/0.1080/21533369.2001.9668314

———. The Wooden World: An Anatomy of the Georgian Navy. London: HarperCollins, 1986.

Wilson, Evan. A Social History of British Naval Officers, 1779–1815. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell, 2017.

#long post #a fun fact about this is that i was NOT expecting to hard code all the footnotes #but tumblr's approach to markdown is......eccentric #anyway this is what i would call a c+ paper #or one of those papers that got handed back with a 'look i don't even want to fucking deal with this. b- and fuck off'#i apologize for epistemological digressions #i apologize for EVERYTHING #PSA i am INSUFFERABLE #to the two people who read this: thank you for your forbearance; your criticisms are welcome and your eyerolling is justified #i'll try to tl;dr this at some point for you.#research matériel #which please tear to pieces

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thisdaynews · 5 years

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POLITICO Playbook: Hurricane Trump at the G-7

New Post has been published on https://thebiafrastar.com/politico-playbook-hurricane-trump-at-the-g-7/

POLITICO Playbook: Hurricane Trump at the G-7

SCOOP — ANDREW DESIDERIOandELIANA JOHNSON: “House Judiciary Committee to subpoena ex-White House aide Rob Porter”:“The House Judiciary Committee will subpoena former White House staff secretary Rob Porter, a key witness in former special counsel Robert Mueller’s obstruction of justice investigation into President Donald Trump, as the panel weighs whether to recommend articles of impeachment.

“Porter, who resigned his post last yearamid allegations that he abused his two ex-wives, was at the president’s side during several episodes of potential obstruction chronicled in Mueller’s 448-page report on Russian interference in the 2016 election and Trump’s attempted to thwart the probe.

“The White House is likely to block Porter from complyingwith the committee’s subpoena, which seeks public testimony.” POLITICO

G-7 WRAP-UP…

— THE LATEST ON CHINA: “Trump says serious trade negotiations with China to begin,”by AP’s Zeke Miller and Darlene Superville in Biarritz, France: “President Donald Trump, under pressure to scale back a U.S.-China trade war partly blamed for a global economic slowdown, said Monday that the two sides will begin serious negotiations soon. Trump said his trade negotiators had received two ‘very good calls’ from China. He did not say when the calls were made and he declined to say whether he is in direct contact with President Xi Jinping.

“Trump said the conversations were a sign that Chinais serious about making a deal following the latest tit-for-tat tariffs between them. ‘I think we’re going to have a deal, because now we’re dealing on proper terms. They understand and we understand,’ Trump said as he met with Egypt’s president on the sidelines of the Group of Seven summit in France. ‘This is the first time I’ve seen them where they really want to make a deal. And I think that’s a very positive step,’ Trump said.” AP

BUT, BUT, BUT — BLOOMBERG’S MELISSA CHEOK (@mkcheok):“JUST IN: China’s Foreign Ministry spokesman Geng Shuang says has no info on phone calls to U.S. cited by Trump, adding later ‘I can tell you clearly that I haven’t heard of such a thing’ * Says China will protect itself on trade if U.S. persists with current approach.”

— STATE OF PLAY: “G-7 summit set to end with little consensus amid Trump’s mixed messaging on the trade war,”by WaPo’s Toluse Olorunnipa, Michael Birnbaum and Damien Paletta in Biarritz: “[A]s the summit entered its final day, there was little sign that Trump and other world leaders had reached anything nearing a consensus on thorny issues including trade, climate change, and how to deal with Iran, North Korea and Russia.

“Illustrating the growing divide between world leaders,the French all-but-abandoned efforts to craft a joint statement at the end of the summit, cognizant of how the United States is drifting further away from other nations on a growing number of issues.” WaPo

— NOT ON THE PRESIDENT’S PRIORITY LIST: L.A. TIMES’ @EliStokols:“Trump attended a G7 working session on Syria security issues but missed the one about climate, biodiversity and oceans. Other leaders attended both.”

— FROM 30,000 FEET: NYT’S PETER BAKERin Biarritz:“Rule 1 at the G7 Meeting? Don’t Get You-Know-Who Mad”:“For a day, at least, everyone was on their best behavior when the cameras were on, eager to present a show of bonhomie after so many previous meetings ended in discord. But behind the scenes at the annual gathering of some of the world’s leading powers, President Trump still found himself at odds with his counterparts on Sunday over issues like trade, climate change, North Korea, Russia and Iran.

“Ever so gingerly, as if determinednot to rouse the American’s well-known temper, the other Group of 7 leaders sought to nudge him toward their views on the pressing issues of the day, or at least register their differences — while making sure to wrap them in a French crepe of flattery, as they know he prefers.

“It was far from clear the messages were received,or in any case at least welcome. Like other presidents, and perhaps even more so, Mr. Trump tends to hear what he wants to hear at settings like this, either tuning out contrary voices or disregarding them. Through hard experience, other leaders have concluded that direct confrontation can backfire, so they have taken to soft-pedaling disagreements.” NYT

— POLITICO EUROPE’S DAVID HERSZENHORNandRYM MOMTAZ: “Macron’s G7 descends into summit of spin”

MARKET WATCH — “Global Stocks Fall as Trade Tensions Escalate,”by WSJ’s Shen Hong and Steven Russolillo: “Global stocks and government bond yields fell on Monday as a fresh escalation in the U.S. trade war with China, followed by conciliatory moves over the weekend, cast fresh doubt on growth prospects. China’s Shanghai Composite Index shed 1.1%. …

“On Monday, investors’ concerns about the impact on global tradeplayed out in the markets. U.S. futures tied to the S&P, which were briefly negative on Monday, turned positive after Mr. Trump said China had called U.S. trade officials and asked to ‘get back to the table’ for talks. Investors are losing faith in how both sides are approaching the trade war and whether a resolution could be reached soon, according to Peter Atwater, a research analyst and adjunct lecturer at William & Mary in Williamsburg, Va.” WSJ

TRUMP’S TAKE — @realDonaldTrumpat 7:30 p.m.: “In France we are all laughing at how knowingly inaccurate the U.S. reporting of events and conversations at the G-7 is. These Leaders, and many others, are getting a major case study of Fake News at it’s finest! They’ve got it all wrong, from Iran, to China Tariffs, to Boris!” … “My Stock Market gains must be judged from the day after the Election, November 9, 2016, where the Market went up big after the win, and because of the win. Had my opponent won, CRASH!”

Good Monday morning.

FIRST IN PLAYBOOK —STEVE BULLOCKis announcing a slew of staff and senior policy advisers later today, including Maura Matthews as national finance director and Mark Spengler as senior adviser and chief of staff for finance. Bailey Mohr is coming on board as digital director. James Wise will be policy director, and Marc Heinrich will be deputy policy director.

Bullock is also announcing more than a dozen policy advisers,including Chris Lu, Anne Slaughter Andrew, Andrew Shapiro, Frank Rose and Tracy Stone Manning.

WHAT THE … AXIOS’ JONATHAN SWANandMARGARET TALEV:“President Trump has suggested multiple times to senior Homeland Security and national security officials that they explore using nuclear bombs to stop hurricanes from hitting the United States, according to sources who have heard the president’s private remarks and been briefed on a National Security Council memorandum that recorded those comments.” Axios

— JUST SAYING … AP:“Forecasters say the fourth tropical storm of the Atlantic hurricane season is maintaining its strength as it moves toward the Windward Islands. The U.S. National Hurricane Center said Sunday that Tropical Storm Dorian could intensify to near hurricane strength over the eastern Caribbean Sea by Tuesday.”

BURGESS EVERETTin Old Town, Maine:“Inside Susan Collins’ reelection fight in the age of Trump”:“Shortly after Barack Obama won and Susan Collins was reelected in 2008, the president invited her to the White House to pitch the economic stimulus. It was not particularly subtle. ‘He said: “You know Susan, they really like me in Maine. And I did really well in the last election,”’ Collins recounted over sandwiches at the Governor’s Restaurant in Eastern Maine. ‘I practically had to bite my tongue in two to avoid saying: “They do like you Mr. President, but they liked me better.”’

“For Collins to win a fifth term, she needs Mainers to again like hermore than the current White House occupant. A whole lot more. The 66-year-old political giant is facing the race of her life despite her universal name recognition and bipartisan reputation. President Donald Trump is targeting Maine as a battleground while his divisive politics has cleaved the state in two, and Collins has to share the ticket with him. …

“Projected to be the most expensive in Maine’s history,the race is of imperative importance for party leaders and the Senate institution itself. With scarce opportunities elsewhere, Senate Democrats essentially need [Sara] Gideon to win to gain a minimum of three seats and the majority. In the Senate, a Collins loss would be a potentially fatal blow to the reeling center of the chamber.” POLITICO

2020 WATCH …

— MARC CAPUTOin Seattle:“‘The rock star’ vs. ‘The rock’: Warren and Biden hurtle toward collision”:“Elizabeth Warren has the crowds. Joe Biden has the lead. The split-screen story of one of the most intriguing match-ups of the Democratic presidential primary is unfolding in a glaring contrast of style and substance.

“On Sunday, Warren stood on the biggest stageof her presidential campaign for a rally here that drew an estimated 15,000 people — eclipsing an estimated 12,000-person event she held in Minnesota earlier in the week, according to her campaign. Across the country in New Hampshire, Biden presided over a series of intimate, subdued events in New Hampshire and Iowa, hosting crowds that numbered in the low hundreds.

“Warren roused her supporters with calls for ‘big, structural change,’and the crowd roared with chants of ‘Two cents! Two cents’ while waving two fingers in the air as Warren discussed her 2 percent ‘wealth tax.’ Biden pounded away at President Donald Trump, his campaign subtly and overtly reminding voters that polls consistently show him as the party’s best general election candidate and the primary’s frontrunner.

“The parallel displays by two of the threeleading Democratic candidates offered a possible preview of the collision course looming if Biden and Warren maintain their current trajectory. It would be a clash of opposites: the progressive firebrand against the establishment favorite; the cerebral candidate of big, bold plans vs. the elder statesman offering himself as a safe haven for people who simply want a return to pre-Trump normalcy.” POLITICO

— “When they go low? Dems navigating nasty race against Trump,”by AP’s Steve Peoples

— “How Bernie and Cardi B became 2020’s oddest alliance,”by Holly Otterbein

TRUMP’S MONDAY —The president will meet with Indian PM Narendra Modi this morning. He will participate in a G-7 working lunch on digital transformation followed by a closed session of the G-7. Trump and French President Emmanuel Macron will hold a joint press conference at 9:30 a.m. Eastern time before Trump and first lady Melania Trump depart for Washington.

FOR YOUR RADAR — “Attacks blamed on Israel across three Middle East countries ratchet up tensions,”by WaPo’s Liz Sly and James McAuley in Beirut: “Attacks against Iranian-allied forces in three countries, all blamed on Israel, escalated tensions across the Middle East on Sunday, drawing threats of retaliation and intensifying fears that a bigger conflict could erupt.

“The attacks Saturday and Sunday targeted Iranian forcesand their proxies in Lebanon, Syria and Iraq, in what appeared to be a significant escalation of Israeli efforts to contain the expansion of Iranian influence in the region that could jeopardize the continued presence of U.S. troops in Iraq and draw Lebanon into a new war.” WaPo

SOUNDS LIKE A SWEET DEAL … REUTERS/KABUL:“As U.S. and Taliban negotiators push to wrap up talks aimed at securing the withdrawal of foreign forces from Afghanistan, Taliban sources say a pact will not mean an end to fighting with the U.S.-backed Afghan government. … ‘We will continue our fight against the Afghan government and seize power by force,’ said the Taliban commander on condition of anonymity.” Reuters

MEDIAWATCH — “Trump Allies Target Journalists Over Coverage Deemed Hostile to White House,”by NYT’s Ken Vogel and Jeremy Peters: “A loose network of conservative operatives allied with the White House is pursuing what they say will be an aggressive operation to discredit news organizations deemed hostile to President Trump by publicizing damaging information about journalists. …

“Four people familiar with the operation described how it works,asserting that it has compiled dossiers of potentially embarrassing social media posts and other public statements by hundreds of people who work at some of the country’s most prominent news organizations.

“The group has already released information about journalistsat CNN, The Washington Post and The New York Times — three outlets that have aggressively investigated Mr. Trump — in response to reporting or commentary that the White House’s allies consider unfair to Mr. Trump and his team or harmful to his re-election prospects.” NYT

—Canadian reporterCarolyn Dunnsays she was blocked from entering the United States …@carolyndunncbc:“Guys, I’ve been refused entry into US. Sections 212 (a) (7) (A) (i) (I). Me going to DC is ‘entry into the labor’ market and I’d be ‘imported labor.’ I’ve never been pulled aside at a US border let alone refused entry.”

—MSNBC’sKasie Huntis going on maternity leave, she announced on her show Sunday night. Ayman Mohyeldin will be filling in while she’s out.Video

Send tips to Eli Okun and Garrett Ross at [email protected].

TRANSITION — Yagmur Cosaris now comms director at the U.S. Chamber of Commerce Foundation’s Corporate Citizenship Center. She previously was a VP at Burson Cohn & Wolfe.

ENGAGED — Tyler Q. Houlton,senior adviser at the State Department and former DHS spokesman, proposed toAlli Papa,RNC Midwest finance director, on Saturday at Ladies Beach in Nantucket. The couple met at the NRCC in 2013.Pic…Another pic

WEEKEND WEDDING — SoRelle Wyckoff,a University of Maryland PhD student and John Cornyn and House GOP Conference alum, andMichael Gaynor,a staff writer and editor at the Brookings Institution, got married Saturday at St. Stephen and the Incarnation Episcopal Church. They celebrated at the Meridian House and with a karaoke after-party at Colony Club.Pic

BIRTHDAY OF THE DAY: Ilyse Hogue,president of NARAL Pro-Choice America.A trend that she thinks doesn’t get enough attention:“Right now? The fires in the Amazon. More broadly, the international movements toward gender equity by removing restrictions on abortion — from Ireland to Poland to Argentina — and how the United States is moving in the opposite direction.”Playbook Plus Q&A

BIRTHDAYS:USA Today White House correspondent David Jackson is 6-0 (h/t John Fritze) …Robert Barnett … Oracle’s Josh Pitcock (h/t Matt) … Tom Ridge, chairman of Ridge Global, is 74 … Eric Fehrnstrom … Joe Weisenthal, co-host of “What’d You Miss?” and editor at Bloomberg … Savannah Sellers,co-host of “Stay Tuned” and NBC/MSNBC correspondent … Eddie Vale, partner at New Paradigm Strategy … Messina Group partner Sean Sweeney … Navin Nayak, executive director of the CAP Action Fund … Amanda Wood … Robert Flock … Jenn Sherman, director of public affairs for the surgeon general … Devan Cayea, operations director for Sen. Amy Klobuchar (D-Minn.) … Jim Harris … Satyam Khanna … Evan Zimmerman … POLITICO’s Quint Forgey is 24 …

… Justin Dillon,partner at KaiserDillon, is 45 …BuzzFeed’s Miriam Elder (h/t Ben Chang) … Patrick Dorton, partner at Rational 360, is 51 … Brielle Appelbaum … Morra Aarons-Mele … Don Sweitzer (h/ts Jon Haber) … Katie Sienicki (h/ts Teresa Vilmain) … Ammar Akkash … Kiran Chetry … Julian Epstein … Myles Miller … Keith T. Tomatore … Ari Ratner, founder and CEO of Inside Revolution … Kirk Anderson … Kimberly Overbeek … Andrew Ross … Lee Ann Calaway … Drew Halunen … Thomas Rice … Tiffany Cox … Corey Cooke … Jamal Halaby … Jason Goings … Jackie Smith … Don Preston … Arthur MacMillan … Bill Whitaker … Rebekah Jorgensen Hoshiko … Grace Segers, political reporter at CBS … Stephen Dubner, co-author of the “Freakonomics” series … Marissa Currie

Anna Palmer @apalmerdc

Jake Sherman @JakeSherman

View all our political and policy newsletters

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albinohare · 5 years

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Melges 40: Onboard the unique lightweight racer taking the Med by storm

The Melges 40 is the only canting-keel production one-design yacht in the world. Andi Robertson explains what makes it extraordinary

Each year the curtain rises on the Mediterranean grand prix regatta season at the PalmaVela. The increasingly popular event is not just a chance to shake the rust off race boats after the winter, but more often than not there are a couple of eye-catching new designs to be spotted.

The 2018 PalmaVela saw the Melges 40 make its public debut as a class at the popular multi-class regatta. Interest spread like wildfire.

Despite a small entry of five boats, competition levels were high. Four of the five international teams won races during their nine race series, the regatta title went to the wire, and there were just five points between 1st and 4th.

The mainly pro and semi-pro class is stacked with talent: Cameron Appleton was calling tactics for winners Inga from Sweden, Francesco Bruni sails on Stig. Teams so far hail from Sweden, Italy, Japan and Monaco/Russia.

The Melges 40 is super light at just 3,200kg – that’s some 800kg lighter than a Fast 40+

Slow-burn success

The Melges 40 is something of a slow-burn success story. As the only canting keel, all carbon, strict one-design grand prix racer it remains unique. It is very much an elite, niche class. It was never targeted at the wider horizons of the one-design production racing class, such as is the new Melges 37.

So far it appeals only to a small cross-section of experienced, competitive owners who want electric downwind speed, and quick and efficient upwind sailing. The canting keel adds a whole new dimension to windward-leeward racing.

Melges 40 owners want to go quicker than anything else of a similar size, and to travel and race internationally with their team. They are owners who might otherwise be in the TP52 fleet, but perhaps don’t want to employ full-time shore crew or to be running a development programme.

Article continues below…

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Ràn VII: On board the Stealth Bomber of the Fast 40+ class

Some boats are the sum of their parts, but Rán VII is really the sum of the parts that aren’t…

The Melges 40 is the confluence of two sets of ideas. Botin Partners were already convinced that canting keel technology was the way forward and had done their own preliminary designs, while Melges had a small number of successful top-level Melges 32 owners who wanted to move up to something bigger. And the new design simply had to be faster; which is a big ask considering the downwind and reaching speeds of the 32.

Adolfo Carrau of the Botin design office is a huge fan of the end result. “The concept and the way the boat behaves are unique,” he explains. “It is really easy and safe to race hard but it goes very fast. It is very overpowered but it is easy to control.

“It has a huge sailplan and a very tall rig. It accelerates really quickly and the owner-drivers can push the boat very hard downwind because the bow is usually up, and it has the twin rudders.”

The Melges 40 is hugely powerful, with a 72m2 square top main and 49m2 jib – that’s 20 per cent more sail area than a Fast 40+. The keel sets a 1.1 tonne bulb on a 3.4m carbon fin.

“In essence you get 10 per cent more righting moment than the Fast 40+ with a bulb approximately half its weight.

The deck layout is super simple, borrowing many ideas from the TP52, though note the mainsheet track is at the far aft edge of the cockpit

The keel technology is super-simple and well proven. Manufactured by Cariboni it is a direct development of the IMOCA and Volvo 65 systems using a single ram with a double-acting cylinder (which both pushes and pulls).

It’s driven by a 24V 4,500W power pack that is controlled by Cariboni’s four-point system. A simple keypad on the turn of the cockpit, at the helmsman’s back leg, is for the tactician/runner trimmer at the back of the boat to operate.

Simplicity is paramount in every area. Hence there is a single centreline canard rather than twin daggerboards cluttering up deck space and complicating matters. The canard is controlled on a simple purchase system by the pit crew.

The purchase system sits inside and is controlled from two lines, up and down on the winch. Needless to say this is one of the busiest and skilled crew jobs on the boat.

Multiple purchase systems below decks minimise loads and maximise control

The class sails with nine (or ten) people, up to a maximum crew weight of 750kg. There are no limitations on professional sailors unless specified by a national class association. Most teams are currently sailing with nine, some with a dedicated grinder. Fundamental to the operation of the boat is the aft pedestal, a six-speed Harken MX Air.

Intelligent rig

The two-part twin spreader high modulus Southern Spars rig is deck stepped and set with EC3 composite rigging. The rig uses TP52-style deflectors, which are controlled by a PCT-developed magic wheel, one of four such systems on board.

They are also used to control the traveller, drop line system and vang. There are masthead and jib halyard locks. Sailmaker choice is open and at the moment the fleet is split between North and Quantum.

The canting keel adds a set of new challenges to moding and trimming the boat downwind. Michele Ivaldi, tactician on the Dynamiq Synergy Sailing Team who joined the class from the TP52s, explains what he sees as some of the attractions of the Melges 40: “It is super fun because it is a new generation one-design, there are so many things to learn.

Pleasing detailing includes the carbon tiller, set relatively far forward as per current trends

“The keel position upwind is usually fully canted to 45°. Downwind it is very challenging to understand so if you want to you can have the crew maybe not full hiking but with the keel up, or you can do the opposite – there so many different modes.

“For example, we saw that when we are sailing in 11-13 knots we use 20° keel and the boat is sailing 143°-145° TWA. When it is lighter you are sailing with the keel in the middle and more like normal. It is very unique.”

Even the most experienced teams like Stig and Inga have still only sailed between 30 and 40 days on the water so far and so there is still a lot to learn. The finer points of the tactical choices are all part of the learning curve.

Among the fleet there seemed to be a real camaraderie, all of the teams debriefing together on the Real Club Náutico de Palma’s pontoon.

Four buttons control the keel, usually operated by the tactician or runner trimmer

Inga’s owner, Richard Goransson, came from the Farr 30 into the Melges 32 having won the US Nationals and the European Series: “You have to plan your tactics just a little bit further ahead. A lee-bow is not so easy to pull off because if you come in too close you won’t make your tack.

“It is all about tacking and the keel dictates the speed of your tack. You turn the boat at the same speed as the keel and come out high, then bring the bow down. If you lean over then it is really hard to get back up.

“To maintain speed out of the tack you need to be quite careful. We are all learning that. It is super close racing, one boat length of a gain is like: ‘We crushed them!’”

Onboard power

Melges was adamant that a 40-footer that makes 22-23 knots downwind should not have a prop dragging in the water, so the prop is lifted before racing. The inner power pack, PLC brain and remote control are all controlled by the engine.

The hydraulics run off two batteries for the canting keel. After three races there is usually still 60 per cent of battery capacity left so the boats should be capable of two days racing autonomously.

The footrests are long enough to be used by both the mainsheet trimmer and tactician

Botin’s Carrau confirms: “You always return to the boat with a smile on your face. That is not marketing speak. I have always returned to the dock with a smile on my face. Everyone always looks forwards to going sailing in 20 knots and big waves because it is so easy to sail. It will go 23 to 24 knots.”

He smiles, “Who needs foils? It is very simple. Keeping it simple was our priority. It is very easy to get very complicated very quickly. Complex boats are appealing but at 40ft they quickly need a shore team to maintain and you need an engineering team.

“We wanted to avoid experiments. After all, in the round the world races the canting keel system here is well proven. So we are not inventing anything, we are putting pre-existing technology in a production boat.”

Melges 40 Specification

LOA: 11.99m (39ft 4in) LWL: 11.10m (36ft 5in) Beam: 3.53m (11ft 7in) Displacement (lightship): 3,250kg (7,165lb) Draught: 3.20m (10ft 6in) Crew weight (max): 750kg (1,653lb) Engine: 20hp Fin weight: 100kg (220lb) Bulb weight: 1,100 kg (2,425lb) Canting keel angle: 45° Mainsail area: 72m2 (775ft2) Jib area: 49m2 (527ft2) Gennaker area: 200m2 (2,152ft2)

The post Melges 40: Onboard the unique lightweight racer taking the Med by storm appeared first on Yachting World.

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goldeagleprice · 5 years

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How long have we had mintmarks on coins?

I found a 1965 two-cent coin from the British Caribbean Territories-Eastern Group. Where is this group?

The BCT-EG was formed in 1950 and uses a common currency. The group includes Trinidad and Tobago, Barbados, The Leeward and Windward Islands, British Guiana and The British Virgin Islands.

How long have we had mintmarks on coins?

We have had mintmarks since they began making coins. Greek cities used city symbols on their first coins as one of the first uses of mintmarks.

While studying the German two-mark coins of 1970-1975, I noticed that some have different arabesques and lettering. Is this a mistake?

Beginning in 1970, new edge and coin dies were introduced, but there were still a lot of the old dies on hand at the various mints. Those dies were used until the supply was exhausted.

Where was the 1940-B German 10-pfennig struck?

The “B” mintmark was that of the Vienna Mint. Of the some 50 mintmarks used by the Austrian Mint, this is the only instance where a “B” was used.

In a dealer’s junk box I found an early European coin with the date as “J620.” Is this a minting variety?

In this case the “J” is the style of digit that was frequently used in the 16th and 17th centuries. You will also see the “1” with a split base, or “legs.”

My coin has a “10” and some Oriental characters on one side and a long, low building on the other. Where is it from?

You have a coin from Japan, a 10-yen minted beginning in 1951 with a reeded edge, switching to a plain edge in 1959. It’s one of the few Japanese coins that doesn’t bear the chrysanthemum. Joe Boling reminded me that the design remained the same but the dating era changed from Showa to Heisei, triggering a change in both the Y and KM numbers.

To save a lot of time, do you happen to have the total value for all of the coins struck at Carson City?

Just happened to have these at my fingertips. Actually, it took a little searching.

Double eagles – $16,689,680

Eagles – $2,822,780

Half eagles – $3,279,085

Silver dollars – $12,660,288

Trade dollars – $4,211,400

Half dollars – $2,654,313.50

Quarters – $2,579,198

20 cents – $28,658

Dimes – $2,090,110.80

That adds up to be $22,791,545 in gold, $24,223,968.30 in silver, and a grand total of $47,015,513.30 in face value for more than 56 million coins.

The post How long have we had mintmarks on coins? appeared first on Numismatic News.

#Precious Metals

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spanishmain · 5 years

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Great Britain, Reports of cases argued and determined in the Court of Common Pleas, 1815

Page 17: This was an action upon a policy of insurance on a voyage at and from London to Trinidad, and any port or ports of discharge in the Spanish Main, all or either, with leave to call at all or any of the West India islands or settlements, Jamaica and St. Domingo excepted. And the insurance was declared to be on goods on board the Good Hope, with liberty to touch and stay at any ports and places whatsoever, to seek, joined, and exchange convey, and to land, load, barter, and exchange goods, and take on board freight wheresoever she might call or touch at, without being deemed a deviation, and without prejudice to that insurance, at a premium of 10 guineas per cent, to return 4 per cent for convey to the islands, and 1 percent for convoy from thence the remainder of the voyage, and arrives, or 2 percent if the voyage ends at Trinidad. Upon the trial of this cause, at Guildhall, at the sittings after Hilary term, 1810, before Mansfield, Ch. J. the defendant’s subscription was admitted, and the plaintiff proved an adjustment, which was a surprise upon the defendants, who in consequence were obliged to call the plaintiff’s witnesses to prove the case, which they relied on it that the plaintiff would be forced to prove, and upon whose testimony it appeared that the ship sailed from Gravesend, …..

Page 18: The master had received, neither at home nor at any of the above mentioned ports where he called for instructions, any orders to proceed to Trinidad or the Spanish Main. The defense set up was, that the vessel was guilty of a deviation; for that she was not entitled to touch at the islands and settlements in any other order of succession than the geographical order in which they lay in the map, computing the shortest distances from one to the other; and calling first at that which was nearest to England; or, otherwise, that the assured was bound to take them in the order in which they were named in the policy: but it was in evidence that it was extremely easy to run down in a few days before the wind from either of the settlements to the islands which lay more to the leeward, but that it was a course of great delay and difficulty, again to beat up against the wind from the leeward islands to the Spanish Main; and assuming that the vessel was still intended to go to the Spanish Main, or Trinidad, or some other of the settlements or islands to windward, it would be a deviation to run down the wind to Martinique or St. Thomas’s first, and then to beat up to windward afterwards, inasmuch as, although a liberty was given of touching and trading at all the islands, St. Domingo, and Jamaica alone excepted, yet that liberty must be exercised by touching at those ports which the ship meant to touch at, in the same successive order in which the several places occurred in the usual and natural course of the voyage, without going backwards and forwards. It was in evidence, that it was not usual to go to Trinidad in order to go to the Spanish Main: that a vessel might have made Trinidad from the Spanish Main in two nights, but that in beating up from that island to Demarara on the Spanish Main, a month might possibly be consumed: that Demarara, therefore, was in the way to Trinidad, and also to Martinique; for an experienced seaman said, that if he were going to Demarara and Martinique, he should go to Demarara first: that St. Domingo and Jamaica would be out of the way to the Spanish Main. Mansfield, Ch. J. was of opinion that under these circumstances, and considering the extensive liberty given by the policy, the plaintiff might take the islands and settlements in the order most convenient for himself, and was warranted in pursuing this course; and the special jury found a verdict for the plaintiff.

Page 19: Shepherd and Best, Serjts. in this term showed cause. This vessel was traveling completely within the protection of the policy, which gave her liberty to go to all ports in the Spanish Main, and all islands except St. Domingo and Jamaica. The trade winds which prevail in those seas, effect, that a person who should first go to the northernmost island, and thence to the southward, would be as many months in performing the voyage, as he would be days if he first went to the southernmost point. Demarara was a port permitted by the policy, for though it is not a part of the Spanish Main, which lies only between Vera Cruz and the Orinoco, it is one of the settlements (intending British settlements) mentioned in the policy, of which there are but three, Demarara, Berbice, and Surinam.

…..

Cockell and Vaughan, Serjts., in support of the rule. The plaintiff must exercise the liberty of calling at all these several ports and islands, by calling at them in the course of the voyage insured, which is from London to Trinidad and the Spanish Main.

Page 20: The defendant does not complain of the ship going to Demarara, but the deviation began from her leaving Demarara, whence she ran down to Martinique and St. Thomas’s. If from Demarara she had run home, the underwriters would have had no cause to complain, because the sooner the outward voyage is determined, the better; but if she turned about at Demarara, without proceeding to the Spanish Main, she can afterwards call only at ports which lie in the homeward course of the prescribed voyage. It was in evidence, that for a ship leaving Demarara to go to Martinique, would be entirely out of her course from Demarara to the Spanish Main. Being at Demarara, she should have steered by Tobago for the Spanish Main. [Lawrence, J. What say you to the exception of St. Domingo and Jamaica? Could it be said that they are in the course of the voyage? Yet a ship easily runs down from either of those islands to the Spanish Main, which lies to leeward of them.] If the assured made his election to go to Demarara, he thereby abandoned those parts of the voyage which he had liberty to take in his course to Demarara; he might have taken St. Thomas, the Virgin Islands, where the ship was lost, and Martinique, in their geographical order in going out, and it would have been no deviation, but he takes them after leaving Demarara, in the homeward course, and then goes out to the Spanish Main again.

Page 21: On the following day the opinion of the court was delivered by Mansfield, Ch. J. The ship having got to Demarara, she seems to have given up all idea of going to the Spanish Main; for she is going to Martinique, and the captain had no instructions for Trinidad, either from England or Demarara: and the touching at Martinique seems, as far as I can judge, quite inconsistent with the prosecution of the voyage to Trinidad or the Spanish Main. The ship thence goes to St. Thomas, probably for a commercial purpose, but it is quite out of the voyage to Trinidad: and it seems also out of the voyage to the Spanish Main. At the trial the defendant was not so well prepared for trial as might be, for reasons of surprise which he has assigned: the assured contended at trial that he had a right to go to St. Thomas’s first, and then to Trinidad, as within the liberty; and I directed the jury accordingly: so that it has never been left distinctly to the jury, whether the ship was in her voyage to Trinidad at the time of her loss; and though at the trial I was struck with the largeness of these words, as giving liberty to the ship to go anywhere she pleases, to any island, in any course, it must be confined to the voyage insured, that is, to some port in the course of the voyage to Trinidad and the Spanish Main; otherwise I do not see where the voyage is to end: they might make it last two years, by going to every West India island, except St. Domingo and Jamaica: and the larger the words are, the more necessary is this construction, else the ship might trade and barter without any termination; it is therefore very fit there should be a new trial in this cause, not waiting for another cause to be tried; and as it was not tried owing to my misunderstanding of the policy, it must be without costs.

Page 23: Lavabre v. Wilson is very strong, and the case of Hogg v. Horner, in Marshall, is prodigiously strong, for the number of ports in Portugal being very small, and the extent of the coast short, there is the less necessity for the restriction of taking it in the course of the voyage from London to Portugal: but for these reasons we think this liberty must be restricted to places to be taken in the course of the voyage from London to Trinidad and the Spanish Main, and that there must be a new Trial. Rule absolute.

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windwardrose · 4 years

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tagged by @kineticallyanywhere :)

I was invited to rank fanfic tropes via this handy link and took some liberties with creative naming of the sections... anyway, here we be.

tbh I haven’t had much experience with some of these (and wi some don’t wish it :{... hence their classification) but hanging out on the Critical Role tag on Ao3 is jolly good fun by and large...

tagging @windsroad, @praise-the-lord-im-dead, @throwaninkpot, @cydrag0n, and to be mischievous, @intomeans, if any of them see fit to join the festivity

#ask meme #fanfic tropes #windward's two cents #the takeaway here is #let there be victory #and please no weird sex tropes #but best of all is #people who love each other rescuing each other

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punalavaflow · 5 years

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Vacation rental rules updated

After taking community input during two public hearings last month, the county Planning Department last Wednesday published what may become its final draft of rules regulating short-term vacation rentals.

“I think this first go-round on a very complex situation, we really tried to find a balance point between vacation rentals and residential uses,” Planning Director Michael Yee said Friday.

The department has scheduled a final public hearing for 6 p.m. April 2 at Aupuni Center in Hilo to air the changes before approving the draft, located at https://ift.tt/2urxFZ2.

Those suggesting further changes to the language should send or deliver them by Friday (March 29) so they can be considered in time to have a final draft complete before the meeting, Yee said.

Suggestions can be emailed to [email protected] or delivered or mailed to Aupuni Center, 101 Pauahi St., Suite 3, Hilo, HI 96720.

The most notable change is the removal of language that would have required the planning director to help restore the number of vacation rentals if a significant number of them are lost during a declared emergency. This was language added to the bill by former Puna Councilwoman Eileen O’Hara, who worried that vacation rental owners operating with a nonconforming use certificate wouldn’t be able to rebuild if their building was lost to lava or some other disaster.

While Yee had resisted adding the language to the bill, telling council members it would best be handled in the rules, he has since reconsidered that stance and said last Friday the rules can’t provide for every eventuality. Instead, he said, that issue can be addressed as needed under emergency proclamations.

Other changes, in addition to a number of housekeeping measures and reorganization of sections of the rules, include an attempt to address specific cases where a vacation rental owner in a nonconforming zone has temporarily ceased operations during an emergency and then reverted back to a vacation rental operation.

Some regulations were tightened to give the planning director less discretion by spelling out rules relating to the handling of complaints and processing of applications.

Airbnb, one of several vacation host platforms operating on the island, was active in submitting testimony as the bill creating the vacation rental ordinance wended its way through several years of council meetings, the Leeward and Windward planning commissions and eight drafts before becoming finalized.

“We are still reviewing the latest draft of the regulations for Bill 108 but appreciate the county’s efforts to update the rules.” Matt Middlebrook, Airbnb Hawaii public policy lead, said in a statement.

Some rules that were the focus of opposition during public hearings weren’t changed because they are required by existing state or county laws. For example, publishing the address of a vacation rental in a nonconforming zone and requiring notifications to neighbors and in the newspaper were left unchanged, as was the prohibition of vacation rentals in state-designated agricultural lands.

Yee said it’s a “slippery slope” to allow unchecked vacation rentals on agricultural land, judging from community opposition to many developments on the island.

“If there are folks that want agricultural land to be vacation rentals, I feel the way communities are voicing their concerns, it could be an interesting fight,” he said.

The county, as a next step, could establish “vacation destination zones,” asking the state Land Use Commission to rezone certain agricultural areas to urban, to allow vacation rentals in areas that don’t have hotels or resorts but are attractive to visitors, Yee said.

The county expects to collect $800,000 from vacation rental registration fees and fines during the fiscal year that starts July 1. The money is expected to be used to hire temporary workers and purchase software. The County Council is set to vote Thursday on Bill 41, appropriating the money.

In addition to fees and fines, the county coffers will benefit from the local surcharge on the general excise tax, which is one-quarter cent on the dollar until Jan. 1 and then goes up to one-half cent. Hawaii County doesn’t get a share of the transient accommodations taxes collected from the Big Island, although Honolulu does.

Vacation rentals are defined as dwelling units where the owner or operator does not reside on the building site, that has no more than five bedrooms for rent and is rented for a period of 30 consecutive days or less.

The bill prohibits short-term vacation rentals in residential and agricultural zones, while allowing them in hotel and resort zones as well as commercial districts. Existing rentals in disallowed areas would be grandfathered in after obtaining a nonconforming use certificate.

All vacation rental owners in existence as of April 1 will be required to register their property by Sept. 28 and pay a $500 fee, showing that transient accommodations taxes, general excise taxes and property taxes are paid in full. Short-term vacation rentals may be established only within a dwelling that has been issued final approvals by the Building Division for building, electrical and plumbing permits.

The nonconforming use certificate for those preexisting in disallowed areas must be renewed annually, at a cost of $250.

Email Nancy Cook Lauer at [email protected]. from Hawaii News – Hawaii Tribune-Herald https://ift.tt/2HQ8Gqd

#Hawaii Tribune Herald

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thechasefiles · 6 years

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The Chase Files Daily Newscap 9/27/2018

Good MORNING #realdreamchasers! Here is The Chase Files Daily News Cap for Thursday September 27th 2018. Remember you can read full articles by purchasing Daily Nation Newspaper (DN), via Barbados Today (BT) or Barbados Government Information Services (BGIS).

KIRK WEAKENS SLIGHTLY - At 11 p.m. Tropical Storm Kirk was centred near 13.0N 57.0W or about 170 miles (270 km) east of Barbados. Maximum sustained winds have decreased to near 50 mph (85km/h), with tropical-storm-force winds extending outward up to 140 miles (220 km) to the east and north of the centre, and 120 miles (190 km) to the southeast of the centre. Some weakening is forecast as the system approaches the northern Windwards. The minimum central pressure was 1002mb (29.59 inches). The system is moving towards the west north-west near 16 mph (26 km/h). This motion is expected to continue over the next few days. On this track, the centre of Kirk is expected to pass about 50 miles to the north of Barbados between tomorrow morning (8 a.m.) and tomorrow afternoon (2 p.m.). Sustained surface winds of 25 to 35 mph (40 to 55 km/h) with gusts to storm force are expected to spread across the island from mid-morning tomorrow. In addition, pockets of moderate to heavy showers, periods of rain and scattered thunderstorms are expected. Rainfall accumulations of at least two to four inches (50 to 100 mm) are possible between Thursday and Friday morning. Some flash-flooding is likely in low-lying areas, thus, residents are urged to be on the alert and take all necessary precautions. Large easterly to south-easterly swells of 3.5 - 5.0 metres (11 to 17ft) are also forecast to accompany the system. These adverse sea-conditions are expected to persist into the week-end when northerly swells being generated by the remnants of Post-Tropical cyclone Leslie in the north-central Atlantic, propagate southwards across the Lesser Antilles. Low-lying coastlines around the island will be particularly vulnerable at times of high tide. Large waves and dangerous rip-tides can be expected. These will create unsafe conditions for small-craft operators and fishermen. Sea-bathers and other users of the sea are also advised to stay out of the water. Thus, a high-surf advisory and small-craft warning remain in effect until 6 a.m. Monday, October 1. (DN)

GOVERNMENT TO DECIDE ON NATIONAL SHUTDOWN AT 5 A.M. – Barbadians will have to wait until after 5 o’clock this morning to know whether or not Government will order a national shutdown due to the passage of tropical storm Kirk. Acting Prime Minister Dale Marshall said a short while ago that the announcement as to whether or not it will be business as usual in the public and private sectors will be made after the Barbados Meteorological Services (BMS) issues its 5 a.m. weather bulletin. Last night Marshall had said the decision would have been made after the 11 o’clock bulletin last night, but this was delayed apparently due to the weakening of the storm. A storm warning however remains in effect for Barbados. Kirk is expected to pass about 50 miles to the north of Barbados between 8 a.m and 2 p.m today. (BT)

BWA: STORE ENOUGH WATER – The Barbados Water Authority (BWA) is reminding the members of the public that it is important to store an adequate supply of water for themselves, their family and their pets during the hurricane season. The minimum recommended amount for drinking, food preparation, and personal hygiene is five (5) gallons per person, per day for at least five (5) days. Additionally, water must be stored in clean, covered containers. Please follow the guidelines of the Ministry of Health for further information on safe water storage. The Authority would like to urge all Barbadians to always be prepared and stay safe during this hurricane season. (DN)

NOWHERE TO GO! – Fishing boats may be exposed to even higher risk of damage and destruction than during previous storms as Tropical Storm Kirk passes by. There is no working crane to lift them to safety at the nation’s central fishing centre. An advocate for local fishing community, boat owner Hallam Payne, blames the previous administration for an apparent precarious situation facing the vessels. The body representing the nation’s fishers, boat owners and vendors has told Barbados TODAY the new Minister responsible for fisheries is working to resolve the problem. But there are fears that any fix won’t come in time to save fishing boats lashed by the storm’s heavy surf and battering waves over the next several hours. Payne has called for an urgent overhaul of the Bridgetown Fisheries Complex, the usual safe berth for most fishing boats in severe weather. For now, the vessels are exposed to danger without a working crane to pull their boats to dry dock, he said, blaming the Democratic Labour Party administration. “The crane was here 11 years; it come in by the Barbados Labour Party when they were in power and it was there for 11 years. Some of the parts I believe gone. I believe the company that made that crane must [have] shut down,” he said, adding that initially the crane was intended for the Berinda Cox Fisheries Complex in Oistins but was never stationed there. “That crane was for Oistins,” Payne told Barbados TODAY as he pointed to its original location at the Bridgetown complex. “With this storm coming we could get the boats in Oistins,” he said pointing to area car parks which would serve as dry dock for the vessels. “We would . . . get as much out of the water that we could. But, that other Government [took] 11 years,” he said referring to the crane which is still not operational. Another landing site, Consett Bay Fish Market in St John, could only hold boats up to 37 feet long, he said. Consett Bay could not cater to the larger, higher-earning, boats for export fish-harvesting, he suggested. “[The] a crane up at Consett . . . could only haul up 37-foot boats. Look at these boats here 40, 45, 40-something foot boats and the Government does benefit from these boats with the buoys in them. We ship fish overseas and the Government [gets] foreign reserves at no cost from those boats. That is the boats that should get relief. The money comes back from those boats in US [currency],” he said. He blamed the former administration for making the “mistake” of only allowing 37-foot boats to shelter at Consett Bay. “The only boats that could go in Consett are the 37-foot boats. We don’t know who arrange that but it arrange under the next administration, not this administration,” he said. Without the facilities to haul their boats from the water Payne said he expected some fishermen to leave their homes and sleep inside their boats tonight during Tropical Storm Kirk in an effort to protect their vessels. “This weather coming down on Barbados and some people got to leave their homes and get down in their boats and all kind of things. We don’t know what to do. The fishing industry is in bad need of restructuring,” Payne declared. With the broken crane and the inability to lift boats to dry dock at Bridgetown the only solution was to “bunch [the boats] up together”. “Now you cannot get them out of the water; there is nowhere to put them unless you go in the harbour and use their big crane. So, we have no help, no way to turn just look to get them to bunch up on top each other,” he said. Payne accused the Barbados National Union of Fisherfolk Organizations (BARNUFO) of not heeding his call to do more to refurbish the city fishing complex, describing his experience as similar to that of the biblical Noah. “[BARNUFO] remind me of when Noah did preaching; people run he and pelt rocks and say he did mad,” he claimed. But hauling facilities for local fishermen was one of the concerns raised last month in a meeting with Minister of Maritime Affairs and Blue Economy Kirk Humphrey, BARNUFO president Vernell Nicholls told Barbados TODAY. “We had a meeting with the Minister last month because it is known that there is no crane in the industry to haul up their boats and that is a topic that we brought up with the Minister in August,” Nichols said. “He is looking to address that situation. The thing is that the fishermen know how they are expected to tie up their boats and this has been an issue for a while. In the past, there was no actual person looking to address it. “We now have a new Minister and . . . we had a meeting last month to look at hurricane preparedness and this was one of the issues that the fishermen brought up,” Nicholls told Barbados TODAY. In the wake of Tropical Storm Kirk, she said that the reality is that the local fishermen have no facilities to take their boats out of the water. “As the situation is right now we do not have a crane to lift their vessels out and if they do get a crane it is very expensive. I can tell you that there is an issue as it relates to haul up and space. These are the issues that I am saying that has to be addressed. “I know in the past the fishermen usually some of them from Oistins . . . haul them high up from off the beach,” Nicholls said, urging the owners of small boats to contact the Fisheries Division for assistance with their haul-up operations. Nicholls expressed concerns that a more severe category 5 hurricane would destroy many of the vessels in the Bridgetown Fisheries Complex. “We recognized that if there is a real category 5 or 4 hurricane that we may incur losses as it relates to vessels and it is an issue and a matter that has to be addressed urgently as it relates to haul up,” she said, noting there was no room for boats at the already-packed Port of Bridgetown. Payne also complained there were too many derelict fishing boats in the complex taking up much-needed space. “Them got a lot of old boats that would take moving and we tell the Minister already and he got papers on some that was supposed to move. This Government going in the right direction for we and I backing them 100 per cent,” he said. The BARNUFO head agreed that the abandoned boats posed a problem for seaworthy vessels – another issue engaging the new Minister’s attention, she said. “Even [in the] Bridgetown [fisheries complex] with all of those derelict boats in there taking up space on land. All of those are the issues that came up in a meeting last month and that is why the Minister is trying to get rid of those derelict boats that have been sitting there for a long time,” said Nicholls. She hoped that moving forward, fisherfolk could have access haulage equipment and facilities but hinted that boat losses were likely from Tropical Storm Kirk. “Going forward things should get better. It would be very unfortunate if persons lost their vessels but that is the reality at this time,” she said. (BT)

SUTHERLAND: DROP IN PRICES WOULD HELP – The private sector will have to play a crucial role in the economic recovery of Barbados during the country’s structural adjustment. So says Minister of Small Business, Entrepreneurship and Commerce Dwight Sutherland, after a tour of Popular Discounts in Kendal Hill, Christ Church, on Wednesday. “We recognise that growth will come in this country through sectors such as the commercial and supermarket sector. Because of the structural adjustment programme, we believe that when you expand enterprises such as Popular [supermarket], you provide employment and you vertically integrate into other chains, such as freighting, and those small vendors who utilise the supermarkets to purchase in bulk . . . can go on the road and ply their trade.” He also said pricing of goods would be a major factor that would affect consumers during the structural adjustment phase. (DN)

MINISTER URGES PATIENCE ON NSRL TAX EASE – There’s been some ease in prices with the removal of National Social Responsibility Levy (NSRL), the last administration’s controversial tax, but not fast enough, consumers tell Barbados TODAY. But the new Government’s Minister for Commerce is urging consumers to give supermarkets and other traders a little more time before they expect a reduction on all items that once attracted the dreaded tax. While the NSRL, which was introduced by the Democratic Labour Party administration at two per cent in 2016 before being hiked to ten per cent a year later, applied to all imports and locally manufactured goods for local consumption, it was not to be charged on the almost 300 Value Added Tax-free basket of goods. With the removal of the tax effective July 1 this year the prices on the basket of goods were not expected to reflect a decrease. Sherry-Ann Thorington told Barbados TODAY while she believed prices could be lower following the removal of the NSRL, she was satisfied that prices on some items were already reduced including the price on baby formula. “It has dropped. Everything hasn’t dropped and we would like to see more decrease,” said Thorington, who was shopping at the Kendal Hill, Christ Church, Popular Discount supermarket. With the new tax measures introduced in the June 11 mini budget, Thorington told Barbados TODAY she understood it had to be taken in order to help bring the economy back to a sustainable level of growth. But singling out the new Health Service Contribution levy of 2.5 per cent – 1.5 per cent paid by employers and one per cent by employees – to take effect October 1, Thorington said this was “a bit harsh”. While public servants received a five per cent increase and the NSRL has been removed, the wage increase would go right back into the new taxes, Thorington said. “We are really not getting an increase when we get taxes taken out of it. So hopefully sooner rather than later, when we are out of debt we can get something else,” the monthly grocery shopper told Barbados TODAY, adding that she only bought what she needed. “Every month is not the same. Sometimes I buy less or I would buy more so it is not a set budget now when it comes to budget shopping because you have to make sure you pay bills first,” she added. Shirley Burke, who was shopping at the Emerald City supermarket in St Philip, said she was satisfied that prices had been reduced on “certain items” since the removal of the NSRL. “Last week I came in Emerald City and I went to buy a laundry detergent and I see $9 something. I usually see it for $11 something for a bottle, but when I came in here I actually bought two. I said ‘wait, the prices drop?’ but certain things still up that I looking for them to come down, but otherwise the prices are coming down okay to me,” she said. Arundell Forde, who was doing shopping at the Emerald City supermarket in St Philip, told Barbados TODAY he believed some supermarkets were reducing the cost on some products while adding it to others. “I know the NSRL is being removed but the owners of the [shops] they know the trick in this system. If I know I have a tin of milk here selling for $3, I know the NSRL will be removed now and this is going to drop to $2.50 or $2.75, but I am going to raise it to $3.50 [before the removal of the NSRL]. So whenever it [the NSRL] is dropped it comes back to square one,” he added. But after touring local supermarket chains Popular Discount and Emerald City, Minister of Small Business, Entrepreneurship and Commerce Dwight Sutherland told reporters that customers should give the supermarket operators more time to sell old stock before they could see the full reduction in prices on items that previously attracted the NSRL. “So we are seeing some movement in the prices as a result of the removal of the 10 per cent [NRSL], but you must recognize that after three months you won’t see a full 100 per cent in reduction because we have prices that were introduced as a result of the 10 per cent levy and we want to give the supermarkets a chance to move their stock,” Sutherland said. He pledged that his ministry, through the Department of Commerce, would continue to monitor prices. “Through the Department of Commerce, we started our analysis and survey. The NSRL came off the July 1. So, we have three months July, August and September – so we have until about the end of September. I think three to four months is a reasonable time. “Having said that we have seen some prices move. So we will continue to do our surveys and I am hoping that this visit will be the first to signal to the supermarket owners that we would like to see some reduction in prices to benefit consumers. We are not telling them how to price their products but . . . I think we will see a reduction on the food prices on the shelves in all the supermarkets in this country,” he said. Thursday’s visit to the supermarkets formed part of a series of scheduled courtesy calls to take place over the next three weeks by the Ministry in order to reach out to the retail and wholesale sector in an effort to see how they operate and what their needs were. The Ministry of Commerce is focused on ensuring that supermarkets were adhering to high standards in relation to labelling Sutherland said. He said he was pleased with the quality of products seen on the shelves of supermarkets in recent times and the numbers of local products, adding that the Ministry was trying to “mitigate against substandard goods”. (BT)

BIMAP BLOW – Government’s debt restructuring plans are likely to hit the Barbados Institute of Management and Productivity (BIMAP). In the financial statement presented at BIMAP’s annual general meeting on Wednesday, KPMG partner Andrew Brathwaite announced that four Government debt instruments – comprising debentures and treasury bills – valued at $1.1 million currently held by the tertiary institution, would all be affected by the proposed debt restructuring. He advised that the pension plan might also be indirectly affected since it held debt instruments issued by Government through the Deposit Administration Fund managed by Sagicor Life Inc. Brathwaite further explained that based on the terms of the restructuring offer, BIMAP would still recover the $1.1 million principal of the securities, but the interest would be “significantly reduced from the initial rate of over seven per cent. “Under the terms of the restructuring, that interest rate will go as low as one per cent and then it will escalate after a number of years to about three or four per cent; and then it goes up after a number of years,” Brathwaite told the BIMAP trustees. (DN)

INSURER, FINTECH FIRM IN NEW COOPERATION DEAL – Insurance Corporation of Barbados Limited (ICBL) has joined forces with financial technology firm Bitt to leverage blockchain technology to make the nation’s largest insurer more efficient and customer-friendly. As the two companies signed a memorandum of understanding at Bitt’s Wildey, St Michael office on Tuesday, Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer of ICBL Geoff Scott said the new partnership would make it easy for policyholders to do business with the insurance company. The MOU sets the framework for both companies to work together on a number of projects in the future, Scott said. “It is only about the customers for us. If blockchain can be made to help us with our customer due diligence, our onboarding process, the process of paying us [and] maybe ultimately the process of pushing product to customers . . . [that] will be a huge advantage to our customers and therefore to us,” the ICBL CEO said. “This is about using technology and a level of expertise that we don’t necessarily have in the insurance industry right now, and ICBL wants to be right out in the front of that. The mission at the end of the day is to make it easier to do business with us. At ICBL, that is actually in our strategy. We are looking at every way we can for our customers to make it easy to do business with us,” he added. The MOU covers a number of areas for cooperation including compliance, insurance claims, onboarding, automation of client information, and payment. Both companies said they will be examining the areas of priority and what areas could be tacked in the first instance. Bitt chief executive Senator Rawdon Adams said the new partnership would result in an improvement in efficiency at the insurance giant. “A lot of the technology that we use is really designed to take cost out of processes. There are a lot of processes in insurance and a lot of places that we can help make things go faster, more efficiently and more cheaply also,” said Senator Adams. “Initially we are really looking at process improvements. So operational processes that ICBL carry out that they may want to carry out better, automate more and generate a lot of convenience and productivity for their customer base,” he added. Fintech firm Bitt utilizes blockchain and distributed ledger technology to facilitate secure peer-to-peer transactions across a range of software and mobile applications. (BT)

FAMILY GOING TO CCJ – The lawyer representing a Grenadian family who claimed they were bullied and humiliated by members of the Royal Barbados Police Force over a false accusation of stealing a mobile phone, says the matter is now heading to Caribbean Court of Justice (CCJ). Attorney Ruggles Ferguson said the action would be taken against the state of Barbados and “we have applied for what you call special leave to bring the matter in the Caribbean Court of Justice”. In October 2016, five members of the Gilbert family were in Barbados for an appointment with the United States Embassy to have their visas renewed. Having completed their business early, they decided to go to Bridgetown for some shopping and to enjoy each other’s company, since they had never travelled as an entire family before, Tamika Gilbert had said. But they said the trip became a nightmare after a store owner accused the young women of stealing her mobile phone and police were called in. (DN)

CHILD ABUSER PUT ON PROBATION – The nursery childcare worker who was caught on closed-circuit video force-feeding, hitting and mistreating the children left in her care has been placed on probation for one year and must undergo counselling. Magistrate Douglas Frederick imposed the sentence today on 27-year-old Kathyann Nicole Severin, of Kirtons, St Philip, after receiving a report from doctors at the Psychiatric Hospital. She had admitted to assaulting a nine-month-old baby and a one-year-old on November 14, 2016. The two-week evaluation at the mental health institution showed Severin had “no signs of mental disorder . . . but some features of post-traumatic issues”. She was granted $2,000 bail to return to the No. 1 District ‘A’ Magistrate’s Court on October 31. (BT)

JOHNSON REMANDED – A 29-year-old labourer will spend the next 28 days on remand at HMP Dodds. Jabarry Marlon Johnson, of Well Gap, Cave Hill, St Michael pleaded guilty to assaulting David Smith on September 25 but not guilty to having a knife on the premises of the Psychiatric Hospital on the same day when he had no lawful authority or reasonable excuse. Prosecutor Sergeant Rudy Pilgrim objected to bail for the accused on the grounds that he was already on bail for similar matters and there were fears he would re-offend if released at this time. Johnson was remanded until October 24 after Magistrate Douglas Frederick rejected his bail application. (BT)

MISSING MURDER FILE – Magistrate Douglas Frederick today told the police prosecution that it “must pull out all the stops to get the file” in the matter against murder accused Akeem Jamar Forde to court on October 15. Forde, of Apt No 1 Pleasant Hall Land, St Matthias, Christ Church is accused of murdering Torian Earle on January 28, 2014. The accused, who was 24 years old when he was charged for the capital offence cannot enter a plea in the Magistrate’s court to the indictable offence as it can only be tried in the High Court. When Forde appeared in the District ‘A’ Magistrate’s Court earlier today he informed the magistrate that he had been on remand at HMP Dodds for the last 55 months and the prosecution had yet to produce a file in the case in order to have it started. “Sir this is too long . . . and for the prosecutor to come back today and ask for another adjournment,” the accused stated, even as he claimed that the prosecution and the police were “buying time” by keeping him at the St Philip penal institution. The magistrate then questioned the prosecution on the whereabouts of the file. Sergeant Rudy Pilgrim explained that the initial investigating officer had since left the Royal Barbados Police Force, while the backup officer had passed the file on to another high-ranking officer who had since died. “There is a file but it has to be resurrected,” Pilgrim submitted and made it clear that “there is nothing sinister from this side pertaining to the accused”. That did not sit well with Forde who argued that the shackles and manacles should be taken off him as a result. “Literally, the file missing . . . so that means I should be going through that door this morning because they have not the foggiest idea where that file is. I rest my case,” Forde said. Frederick also took the prosecution to task on the delay of producing a file on the capital offence. “I take no pleasure in dismissing a matter like this for the simple reason that a matter like this has tremendous public interest. But it doesn’t seem as though you all are giving it [priority] and he is pleading to be set free,” the magistrate told the prosecutor. He then told the accused: “You had the date October 15. That date is the final day that I will come here with regards to the file. If on that date they don’t produce a file or at least come and give me something reasonable about this file . . . [because] somebody in charge must come and speak with respects to this file . . . , I will have to dismiss the matter. October 15 is the final adjournment.” (BT)

BAJAN GIRLS SWEEP SWAZILAND – It was the turn of Barbados’ women to complete a clean sweep at the 43rd Chess Olympiad in Batumi, Georgia on Wednesday. The Bajan girls blanked Swaziland 4-0 in the third round of games following crushing losses against Switzerland and Chinese Taipei in their first two games at the Sport Palace. And despite the Open team losing 3.5-0.5 to a powerful Latvia side, Martyn Del Castilho achieved the distinction of earning a draw against a Grandmaster. Lining up with Julissa Figueroa on Board 1, Katrina Blackman on Board 2, Vanessa Greenidge on Board 3 and Donna Murray on Board 4, Barbados’ women, ranked 113th out of 151 teams, outplayed a Swaziland ranked at No. 133. (DN)

GOVERNMENT ‘TO TAKE YOUTH VIEWS SERIOUSLY’ – Young people of Barbados, your government is calling you. The call – for the nation’s youth to speak up on a range of issues – came at the 2018 National Youth Consultation at the Hilton Barbados Resort this morning, as National Youth Week continues. This as the Ministry of Youth and Community Empowerment signalled that it wants the imput of young people on public policy and decision-making as a “basic human right” and promised that their views will be taken to the very top of Government. “Your views will be compiled in the consultation report and inform the communique which will be used to inform Cabinet on the concerns raised and how they should be addressed. We will examine your pronouncements and use them to frame our soon to be revised National Youth Policy,” Minister of Youth and Community Empowerment Adrian Forde told the gathering. With six in ten Caribbean people younger than 35, and are faced with a raft of challenges, including job opportunities and security, the Government said it was looking to create more “safe spaces” for young people. As part of National Youth Week, the youth affairs ministry, in association with the Technical and Vocational Educational Training (TVET) Council, has concentrated on the theme, Safe Spaces for Youth. The theme was “in keeping with the international, regional and local recognition that safe spaces are critical to positive youth development; not only in terms of physical locations, but also regarding virtual and simple conducive environments where youth are invited and welcomed to make contributions to policy and decision-making as a basic human right,” Forde said. The day’s “safe spaces” discussions focused on a number of “problematic” areas for young people, as identified by the National Youth Survey and the TVET Council’s research. These included “space in the workforce (public sector, private sector and entrepreneurship); space in the workforce for people with technical and vocational qualifications; safer space for recreation and learning; and healthier spaces for young people,” Forde said. TVET Council Executive Director Henderson Eastmond discusssed Safer Spaces for Youth with TVET Qualifications; Kim Ramsay of the Criminal Justice and Research Planning Unit examined Safer space for blocks and liming areas; while Programme Officer with the Barbados Youth Service, Fabian Sargeant, looked at Healthier spaces for youth. The consultation was attended by secondary school and tertiary level students, members of service organizations such as the Girl Guides and Duke of Edinburgh Award Scheme, as well as, according to Forde, “youth from ‘the block’ and those who have found themselves in conflict with the judicial system”. “I promise that today’s exercise will not be another ‘talk shop’,” said the Minister as he urged the audience to “contribute actively to the sessions” and reassured them that their efforts would not go unnoticed. While he did not give a specific time frame, he said his ministry would soon be introducing a “Building Blocks” programme “which will signal a heightened level of participation and transformation of blocks across Barbados”. Forde also commended the work of his ministry’ Youth Commissioners and Community Development Officers in communities around the island. (BT)

COMMUNITY PUSH VITAL – Minister of Sport John King is calling for a mammoth launch of sports in the communities. King said that it is important that a major thrust is made across the communities to take local sport to another level. “I want to see in the near future that we have represented on every weekend, on every day, of every month, some sporting federation having workshops, displays, training sessions in the communities teaching people archery and unusual things like tai-chi that we don’t see on a regular basis,” he said. King said there was a need to see more coaching of popular sports such as football. (DN)

For daily or breaking news reports follow us on Instagram, Tumblr, Twitter & Facebook. That’s all for today folks. There are 96 days left in the year. Shalom! #thechasefilesdailynewscap #thechasefiles# dailynewscapsbythechasefiles

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alepietrocola · 6 years

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The Bootstrapper's Guide to set up an Offshore Bank License in Dominica.

Working as CEO of Astorts Group, my team and I have received many inquiries about a cost effective way to obtain an offshore bank license so I decide to write this bootstrapper's guide that can be useful for many of you.

Offshore bank licenses started to be popular again from 2016. Pressure from the United States and uncertainty over FATCA meant very few licenses were issued from 2011 to 2015. And, those that were granted licenses found it nearly impossible to open correspondent accounts.

It looks like offshore bank licenses are being issued again lastly and if you are looking for the lowest possible entry point for an offshore bank licence with lower capital requirements and lower government fees, Dominica and Puerto Rico are really the only two options that come to my mind and that fit these criteria. I'd like -in this article- to focus on the options that Dominica may offer you as it’s for me the best choice. Other former popular entry point options like Belize, Cayman, Panama have increased their requirements and costs.

When I speak about Dominica, I mean one of the Windward Islands, the southern group of the Lesser Antilles in the West Indies, to not be confused with the Dominican Republic.

Dominica offshore banking license requires the lowest capital of any offshore jurisdiction: in fact while Belize and many others jurisdictions are demanding $5 million, Dominica will allow you to license a bank with only $1 million. Of course I always suggest to consider a bigger capital, so that you will not face problem to search out a correspondent banking partner.

Dominica Offshore Bank Licence allows to offer:

Bank Accounts

Saving Accounts

Debit Cards

Asset Protection Structures

Tax Planning Vehicles

Tax Efficient Loans

Wealth Management Services

Money Remittance

Currency Exchange

Dominica offers the most competitive offshore bank licence option available anywhere in the world for setting up an Offshore Bank. In Dominica, licensed banks are exempt from tax on their net income. Puerto Rico is the only jurisdiction that has a lower capital requirement ($550.000), but the tax rate in Puerto Rico is 4% if you have at least 5 employees in the territory. If you don’t qualify for the Puerto Rico tax holiday, income will be taxed at about 35%. So from my point of view Dominica is the most competitive option for an offshore bank licence.

Requirements and Procedures:

Any company incorporated in Dominica can apply for a financial license, it's mandatory to have an operational office or hire staff in Dominica and company is expected to meet certain requirements, prescribed by the FSU such as:

Directors of the company should have proper knowledge and expertise in the business that the company is planning to carry on.

Shareholders of the company must ensure proper capitalisation of the company. The minimum paid- up capital has to be fully paid- up and deposited in a bank account opened in Dominica, remaining there unimpaired for as long as the License is valid.

The application should be supported by certain information, including: the business plan, projected financial forecasts for the first five years, Anti-Money Laundering and Customer Acceptance Policies.

Bank confirmation that the statutory capital has been paid

Professional Fees:

Usually the full package to acquire your licence is in the range of $150.000 and includes:

Formation of a Dominica Company;

First year company registered agent and registered address;

One set of original corporate documents and rubber seal;

Due Diligence file for Directors and Shareholders of the company

Completing a License Application;

Collecting supporting license application documents from the client;

Submitting the application to the FMU and following it up until finalised

Advising about Banking Software

Introducing to Audit Company

Real Estate Brokerage

Recruitment Services

Appointment of Bank Representative Person

Statutory Capital and Government Fees:

FMU Annual License Fee $8.000

Paid-Up Capital $1.000.000

The Country:

Dominica, officially the Commonwealth of Dominica, is an island republic in the West Indies. The capital, Roseau, is located on the western side of the island. It is part of the Windward Islands in the Lesser Antilles archipelago in the Caribbean Sea. The island is located near Guadeloupe to the northwest and Martinique to the south-southeast. Its area is 750 km2 (290 sq mi), and the highest point is Morne Diablotins, at 1,447 m (4,747 ft) in elevation. The population was 71,293 at the 2011 census. English is the official language of Dominica and is universally spoken and understood. In addition, Dominican Creole French, an Antillean Creole based on French, is widely spoken. The eastern Caribbean dollar is the official legal tender of the Commonwealth of Dominica. Other seven members who form the Organization of eastern Caribbean states also share the currency. Dominica adopted the currency in 1965. The currency has the abbreviation XCD and the symbols $ or EC$. One eastern Caribbean dollar has 100 subunits (cents) and comes in both coin and banknote form. Banknotes come in denominations of 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100-dollar notes with the coins in denominations of 5, 10, and 25 cents and 1 and 2 dollars. The Eastern Caribbean Central Bank has the responsibility of issuing the currency to all of its users. The bank first issued the EC$ in bank notes until 1981 when the first coins were circulated. Since Dominica is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations, its currency has the imprint of Queen Elizabeth II who is the head of the Commonwealth. The Eastern Caribbean dollar exchanges at a rate of US$1 to EC$2.70; a rate that has been fixed since 1976.

#how to set up an offshore bank licence in Dominica #bank licence in Dominica #how to get an offshore bank licence in Dominica #offshore bank licence #how to set up an offshore bank #offshore bank #offshore bank licence in Dominica

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boathippies · 6 years

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Day 1351 - Friday, December 22, 2017

Woburn/Clark's Court Bay, Grenada

(0 m; 7586 m / 6592 nm total)

Dinghied ashore around 10 am, leaving the dinghy at the Woburn town dock. Not too excited about leaving the dinghy there, but locked it up and hoped for the best; it is insured, after all. Tammy and Bruce (SV Dos Libras) pulled in right behind us. We took the short walk over to the main road and caught the #2 bus in front of Nimrods Rum Shop. Bus was packed by the time we reached St. George's, the conductor even gave up his seat to get that additional fare. Just $2.50 EC each, roughly 75 cents US, a bargain.

We checked out the market square, climbed up the hill to check out a local city church, huddled under an overhang to ride out a squall, hit up a hardware store, risked life and limb through the "tunnel," and enjoyed a nice lunch with good friends at a restaurant overlooking the harbour. Lot of cruise ships in town today, as almost every day now, as Grenada is getting more traffic this season after the hurricane destruction up north. Hopefully, they can keep some of that traffic as the other islands recover; tourism is important to this island as well. Mid day, we headed back to Woburn, even figured out the proper bus.

Good fun to spend some time with Tammy and Bruce. Haven't seen them since Long Island in the Bahamas nearly two years ago. Not sure when/if we will see them again as they plan to head west while we plan to hang in the WIndward islands for the next few years. Fun day!

Once home, we switched into bathing suits, grabbed beers, and headed to Hog Island for the sunset.

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integrativeaddiction · 5 years

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albinohare · 5 years

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CNB 66 yacht test: Intoxicating cruiser is a cut above the mainstream

Is the CNB 66 the largest Sailing yacht that can be handled by a family crew? Toby Hodges reports

All photos: Nicholas Claris

Congratulations. You’ve finally received that hefty bonus. Or perhaps you cashed in your pension, married wisely, or are a successful gambler or racketeer. However you came across the funds, you have decided now is the time to spend them and live the dream.

You want a modish monohull, a yacht that is both spirited to sail and sexy to look at – something out of the ordinary. You crave a yacht that is as at home crossing an ocean with friends as it is providing premium class coastal holidays with the family. And you want something that you can contemplate with pride.

At first glance, the CNB 66 could be the ideal choice. But is this just another pretty face or will she perform? And will she, as CNB suggests, be manageable by owners and their families without needing paid crew? We sailed her off the south of France to find out.

Backstay rams run vertically under the aft deck. Runners are used only to stop the mast pumping when sailing under staysail in a swell.

Punchy design

An increasing number of production yacht builders have moved up to this mid-60ft mark, but the key difference with CNB is that it has come down in size from superyachts. It uses the Beneteau Group’s buying power and industrial experience to help keep price tags modest, combined with its own R&D, engineering and big boat know-how to produce elegant craft that are a cut above the mainstream in style and substance. Think superyacht looks and feel but without the cost of a similar-sized semi-custom yacht.

The base price of a CNB 66 is around 40 per cent less than that of an Oyster or Contest, though if all the optional extras are chosen, as was the case with the test boat, that margin reduces considerably.

The 66 marks CNB’s 30th anniversary and is a model that plays on the success of the Bordeaux 60 (46 sold in nine years) and the CNB 76 (21 in four years). She shares a similar Philippe Briand-designed sporty hull and coachroof shape to the 76, but the bowsprit option is new.

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Upwind control

Docking out of the bustling marina at Port Cogolin, we were met by ideal sunny sailing conditions. It was the day after the closing regatta of the Mediterranean season, Les Voiles de Saint-Tropez. A Force 4 easterly was blowing and we had the Golfe de Saint-Tropez to ourselves.

We tested the CNB 66 in 12–16 knots off St Tropez

Beating upwind under full main and genoa, we could pinch up to 22° to the apparent wind, making 7.5 knots. This rose up to 8.5 knots at 25° apparent as the breeze picked up into the mid-teens. My three crewmates demonstrated how easy it is to reef the CNB 66, an important consideration in taming this powerful cruiser.

The test boat has a carbon mast and hydraulic roller-furling carbon vee boom, developed with Hall Spars. Although this is an option over the standard aluminium rig, it is a significant feature for CNB in its efforts to convince couples that this is a manageable yacht.

Once the main is hoisted, the mandrel is hydraulically engaged. To furl, a remote switch powers the mandrel while the halyard is eased from the mast base winch. The system can also be controlled manually using an emergency line.

Without changing our heading, the main was sheeted out, a reef was wound in and we sailed on – at the same speed and with a bit less heel and pointing. Point nicely proven.

The boom and reefing mechanism is a seriously expensive option though. I would expect that, for €140,000, it might hoist or lower sails automatically and make drinks at the same time. Yet this system still requires a crewmember at the mast base to work the halyard winch and the control switch for the mandrel.

With full sail quickly and easily restored, we were soon out of the bay and into a steady sea breeze – and the 66 was in her element. Once she has that extra couple of knots of wind and degrees of heel, the CNB 66 accelerates another half-knot.

The masculine styling, including the low, wraparound design of the coachroof, is signature Briand

The sweet spot

It was a noticeable and delightful difference – she is a boat that sails best powered up. Indeed, it is once we cracked off a little onto a fetch that I found her sweet spot. This is the way to cover the sea miles, I thought – 15 knots wind at 50° apparent, clocking a steady 10 knots boat speed. We spent an intoxicating hour like that, close reaching back and forth across the mouth of the bay, savouring the experience.

The test boat had twin headsails – 90 per cent of CNB owners take this staysail option

In general, the feel on the helm is fun and authoritative. When the boat is less pressed, it can feel a little neutral and she can wander. The large twin rudders suit her design though.

Despite a noticeable amount of drag off the leeward blade, the direct grip they provide make easy work for the autopilot.

We hoisted a bright pink asymmetric sail for the return leg into the bay. This felt wonderful for the short spell when I could heat her up a little, making up to 10.5 knots.

But depth restrictions soon forced us to bear away to a more sedate angle, heel and speed. If we tried to sail much lower than 120° apparent, the asymmetric would lose too much apparent wind and start to flog.

As we slid past the old harbour at Saint-Tropez under port gybe, I couldn’t help thinking how at home the CNB 66 looked. This is one chic and stylish mini superyacht that will stand out for the right reasons wherever she sails.

Modern deck design

The twin helm stations are well designed. The outboard helm seats enable you to sit out in comfort, both to windward and leeward, with full vision along the side decks. Foot chocks will help when standing at the helm, and these are installed at handover stage according to each owner’s specification.

Directly in front of the helmsman’s seats are consoles for plotters, instruments, engine throttles and thruster controls. However, I found the motorboat-style joystick thruster controls were positioned too close to the wheel and could easily get knocked. Bow and stern thrusters help alleviate concerns about handling a yacht of this size with twin rudders in port – but I’d ask for conventional switches.

The main cockpit is set up for relaxing. The table lowers to form a sunbed but the coamings are a little low.

To get to the winches the helmsman has to walk outboard around the large consoles or inboard around the pedestals. It is then possible to keep a hand on the wheel and let off a lazy sheet. In reality, however, either one crewmember (or the autopilot) would helm while one or two others trim main and foresails.

The benefit of keeping the sailing systems aft is that, like most big yachts today, it leaves the main cockpit free of sailing systems. The seating area is larger to port and the companionway is offset a little. This slightly unsymmetrical design continues below through to the forward accommodation to provide privacy to the offset berth in the owner’s cabin.

The cockpit coamings are low, maintaining the sleek aesthetics of the superstructure, but offer little comfort or protection. This makes the optional padded backrest cushions a wise choice. Playtime at anchor and a smart means of getting ashore are important considerations for a yacht of this type.

Leisure time at anchor is well considered. The bathing platform is large and the RIB can be launched within a minute

A large, hydraulic-powered bathing platform lowers to reveal a tender garage roomy enough to house a 3.25m Williams jet RIB. Runner boards can mount onto the platform to help deploy the dinghy and an electric belt winch aids retrieval.

The forepeak sail locker is large enough to be used as an optional crew cabin, it has 7ft headroom, a proper fixed ladder and a useful watertight door into the interior. I liked the workbench with sockets for charging power tools and the tower of bosun’s boxes for spare parts.

Deck saloon appeal

Jean-Marc Piaton has designed another elegant, modern and light interior, which, as with the CNB 76, produces an air of quality and distinction throughout. The beamy deck saloon, with its ample natural light and views, creates a superb first impression.

Feedback from owners about its previous models led CNB to maximise interior space in the saloon and adjoining galley. It uses the full beam in the saloon, with the sofas taken right out to the hull sides. Elsewhere the 66 shares a similar layout to the 76, except the aft galley adjoins the saloon and the aft double cabin is suitable for either guests or crew.

The airy galley connects nicely with the deck saloon via an open bulkhead and navstation desk

Open spaces have their downsides at sea, however. Going below when the yacht is heeled quickly establishes that the CNB 66 badly needs a handrail on the deckhead in the saloon. It is a good distance between the saloon table and the sofa. And the carpet had yet to be secured down, which merely compounded my precarious efforts to walk forward. I also found the 90° companionway steps too angular for use at heel – curved sides would help.

An open bulkhead separates saloon and galley but allows interaction between both. These areas are divided by an aft-facing navstation, which is well placed to communicate with those on deck.

The danger is that this could become the ‘hall table’, however, a dumping ground between galley and saloon. The option of a dedicated navstation to starboard therefore, rather than the huge daybed cum sofa, will appeal to more traditional sailors.

The cabins have an attractive décor. They feature lit and ventilated wardrobes, bookshelves, leecloths and fittings, fabric on the hull liners and full-length mirrors on the doors. It’s a harmonious mix of designer and practical details.

The word ‘smart’ littered my notes. Even the heads and shower compartments, which have heated towel rails and electric flush as standard, are very, um, smart. The effect is of a modern, chic apartment. The cabins are all rather compact though. A combination including both a sail locker and a tender garage squeezes the rest of the accommodation space slightly.

For a new boat, she also felt very complete. Yacht Solutions, an independent company based near CNB in Bordeaux, supplies equipment for most new CNB clients, ranging from safety and technical gear to crockery and bed linen.

Below the saloon

Another reason a deck saloon is popular on medium-to-large sized yachts is that it allows the builders to install tanks and mechanics beneath it, keeping the weight central and freeing up accommodation and stowage space elsewhere.

CNB uses a modular build system where the interior is fully constructed before being lowered into receivers in the hull. This ensures consistent quality and reduces build times.

The engine room, all contained in one metal box, is one of these five modules on the CNB 66. Two quick access points in the saloon sole allow for regular maintenance checks, otherwise, the carpets and chairs need to be removed to lift the soleboards. The benefit of doing so, however, is that access to machinery is then excellent.

It needs to be. With tanks, plumbing, and optional watermaker all contained in here, it is a crowded machinery space. Indeed, the hot water tank has been moved aft on future models to free up room around the genset.

A generous fuel tank capacity (1,300lt) helps provide a motoring range of over 1,000 miles, including three hours’ genset use per day. I like the way the filters, separators and coolant refill are neatly mounted and easy to access. CNB has certainly made sure the parts that require regular servicing are as user-friendly as possible.

Galley

The galley is a spacious area to work in, a practical U-shape, with plenty of light and headroom. There is ample cold stowage space, including a 157lt domestic-style fridge. If all the extras are chosen, as aboard the test boat with its extra fridge-freezer, washer-dryer, dishwasher and wine climatiser, dry goods stowage space is compromised.

CNB uses electric cooking appliances as standard to avoid the need to carry gas. These are powered off the batteries and inverter for quick cooking, or the genset for Sunday roasts.

Aft cabin

The aft cabin is versatile because it will suit either guests or a paid crew, and the separation in space to the forward cabins ensures a good degree of privacy from and for the owner. However, the cabin is on different sole levels and does feel slightly cramped, particularly in the compact ensuite heads where a larger-framed crewmember would struggle to get through the doorway. To provide space for a separate shower cubicle, the heads is crammed in behind the door.

The elegant owner’s cabin has a large ensuite forward with access to the sail locker

Forward cabins

The owner’s cabin décor is clever because it feels calming and luxurious despite this not being a particularly large area. It lacks stowage space for couples staying aboard for long periods, but there is an option to choose a dressing room over the fourth heads (currently accessed via the bunk cabin).

The ensuite heads forward has a generous sized separate shower. A door through the forward bulkhead provides useful internal access into the sail locker. The other two guest cabins are a double and a functional family bunk cabin, both with ensuite heads.

Our verdict

The CNB 66 is pitched at the point where two markets meet: where semi-custom luxury rubs up against the economic practicality of serial production. You are led to feel you are aboard a superyacht, but the focus is still on ease of handling for a crew of family and friends at a price that is (just about) still within production yacht territory.

The test boat had twin headsails – 90 per cent of CNB owners take this staysail option

It’s a contemporary design that ticks many boxes that potential owners looking at this size level desire: enjoyable sailing, plentiful deck space, a garage for a jet RIB, a proper deck saloon and a luxury feel to the interior.

CNB says this is the largest yacht that can be handled by its owners. That may be the case, but only provided the owner/skipper has some experience in handling big yachts and their associated loads.

You would need to have a few reliable sailing friends if not using a paid crew. The test boat has a clever in-boom furling system, but still requires at least a couple of able sailors to work it.

This is a dream boat for doing an ocean crossing at pace and in real comfort. It’s sporty enough for the odd social regatta and offers a luxurious platform for holidaying with family. But once you moor up and leave a boat of this size, cost and quality, it would still be prudent even for an owner-operator to have someone to help with maintenance. Volunteers will surely not be hard to find.

Specification

LOA: 20.61m (67ft 7in) LWL: 18.45m (60ft 6in) Beam (max): 5.51m (18ft 1in) Draught: 2.95m (9ft 8in) Displacement (lightship): 31,000kg (68,563lb) Ballast: 9,350kg (20,613lb) Sail area (100% foretriangle): 208.8m2 (2,248ft2) Berths: 8 Engine: 180hp Volvo D4 Water capacity: 1,000lt (220gal) Fuel capacity: 1,300lt (286gal) Price from: €1,390,000 (ex VAT) Price as tested: €2.1m Design: Philippe Briand & Jean Marc Piaton

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