#ws096

[bookofjin]

Biographies of the Jin pretenders Sima Yu & Changming (Weishu)

[Reigns of Emperors Jianwen and Xiaowu.  Accoriding JS009, Xiaowu’s personal name was Yao 曜, Changming was his courtesy name. Not sure why WS refers to him as Changming. From Weishu 096.]

Yu was Rui's son. Yu turned east with flowing tears and bowed to receive the signet and seal. When Yu had been falsely established, he changed the year to be named Xian'an [“Everywhere Calm”, 371 – 372], used Wen to rely on the former affairs of Zhuge Liang, to enter court armed and armoured, advanced to Imperial Chancellor, and be Great Marshal etc. and everything like before, and stay to headquarter in Jianye. Used Yi as Duke of Haixi county.

Wen regularly had great aspirations. Yu in his heart could not calm himself, he spoke to the Gentleman of the Palace Writers, Xi Chao, saying:

The length or shortness of the instructions was not being planned by the foundation [?], for that reason must [I] not repeat the affairs of recent days?

Chao's father Yin was Grand Warden of Kuaiji. Chao made use of returning east. Yu spoke to him, saying:

Present [my] thoughts to His Honoured Excellency, the affairs of house and state, and then come to here. Because of me not being able to use the Way to correct and guard, pondering anxiously to anticipate and forestall, the extreme of ashamed sights, tell how to possibly notify! [?]

He also recited Yu Chan's poem which said:

An ambitious gentleman ache for the dangers of court.

A loyal subject pities the ruler's humiliation.

Because of that his tears fell down.

Yu became ill. He wrote a letter to Wen, saying:

I respond with delegating genuinely [?], Your Honour readily entered, hoping [we would] get to see each other, and not speak of illness and worries, and thereupon came to here. [?] Now [I am] mournful. Circumstances do not again endure [?], moreover there only is a decree. How to again reach each other? Regrets and remorse combine deeply, how can they be told?

Under Heaven is distressed and in difficulties, yet Changming is an infant, immature and insignificant.  With no lessons of Aheng [Yi Yin] to assist and guide, how will [he?] thereby soothe and aid? Affairs of states and plans for the family, [I] singularly entrust [them] to Your Excellency.

Yu died, his son Changming was falsely established. A junior magistrate of Xu province, Lu Song with his bewitched multitudes of 200 men and women, at the verge of dawn asasulted the Guangmo Gate, fraudulently telling the Duke of Haxi was returning. He entered the hall by way of the Wanchun and Yunlong gates, plundering and capturing the three side-rooms and the arms and armour of the military storehouse.

At the time the army battalions beneath the gates all made use of combining [?]. There was among the straight magistrates and scholars shock and alarm, and they did not know what to do. The General who Roams and Strikes, Mao Anzhi first entered the Yunlong gate to punish Song. The Army Leader of the Centre, Huan Mi, and General Yin Kang entered through the Zhiche Gate, and assembled the troops to to assault him. They beheaded 56 and seized and captured the remainder of the faction. The dead were several hundred people. The former Overseer of Within the Halls, Xu Long and Song both dispatched people to come to Wu, to fraudulently welcome Yi [the Duke of Haixi]. Yi did not follow.

Changming changed the year to Ningkang [“Tranquil Prosperity”, 373 – 375]. He called on Wen to enter court, and also decreed Wen not to do obeisance. The Master of Writing, Xie An, and others, [went] to Xinting to see Wen, everyone were respectful. Wen did obeisance to Yu's tomb, caught an illness and returned to Gushu. Wen himself [?] returned home to the sick bed, and alluded and requested to prepare the things for the Nine Bestowments.

Xie An had already made the Gentleman of the Personnel Section, Yuan Yanbo compose the record's text. The text completed, An always stayed behind to revise [?], making further compositions and changes. Then he again and again stretched out the day, and therefore planned with the Supervisor of the Masters of Writing, Wang Biaozhi. Biaozhi stated:

[I] hear his [Huan Wen's] illness daily increases, he likewise will not again endure for a long time. He himself can with a little delay turn around his affair.

An followed it. Wen died.

Fu Jian dispatched Fu Ya to lead generals Wang Tong, Zhu Tong¤, Yang An and Yao Chang 50 000 infantry and cavalry towards Luogu, to attack Changming's Inspector of Qin province, Yang Zuan. Zuan requested aid from the Inspector of Liang# province, Yang Liang. Liang dispatched the Army Advisor Bu Jing to hurry to him, he was defeated and ran. Zhu Tong¤ arriving in Liang# province. Liang at the sight of him [lit. “looked at the wind”] ran and scattered. Hence Jian had Liang# and Yi provinces. Changming above and below could not but be fretful and frightened.

39th Year of Jianguo [376 AD], Changming changed the year to be named the 1st Year of Taiyuan [“Grand Inaugural”].

7th Year of Taizu [383 AD], Fu Jian greatly recommended punishing Changming, and gave an order to his state saying:

The south-east's pacification [can be] settled by pointing out the day. [I] will use Sima Changming as Supervisor of the Masters of Writing, he can quickly be rising in the grades.

Jian from beginning to end captured Zhang Tianxi and others, everyone beforehand built protective dwellings, and came and stayed there [?]. Jian arrived in Huainan, was greatly defeated, ran and withdrew.

At that time, Changming came of age. He was fond of alcohol and excelled at the interior. But Changming's younger brother, the King of Kuaiji, Daozi, served in the posts of steward and chancellor. His dimwitted drunkenness was particularly considerable, frivolous intimates flattered perversely. At that time nuns and performers provoked and incited inside and outside, manners and customs declined and diminished, people were without honour or shame.

The Supervisor of the Left, Wang Xun's son was getting married, the guests' chariots at the gates numbered several hundred vehicles. It happened that they heard Wang Ya had become Junior Tutor to the Heir-Apparent. Half of them turned around to go pay visit to Ya. Ya had long-standing favour. People's feelings left and drew close in this way.

1st Year of Huangshi [396 AD], Changming died. His son Dezong was falsely established.

Earlier, Changming, indulged in alcohol and beauties. In the final year, he was almost drinking all night, his sobering up to rule was already inadequate. Outsider people rarely managed to be admitted to audience, for that reason many sat down inside the hall, lingering in the spaces between the goblets and meat trays [?].

He used his favourite concubine Ms. Zhang as Honoured Lady, her favour was at the head of the rear palace, she dominated within the passage-ways. At the time her age was just above thirty. Changming's exquisite performers played music [?], he was accompanied and attended by the younger of the court ladies. He therefore laughed and made fun of her, stating:

You will be discarded due to your age. I have already turned to the fair and young ones.

Ms. Zhang hid her anger, Changming did not realize and the jokes became worse and worse. Towards evening, Changming became gradually drunker. Ms. Zhang therefore merely [?] secretly gave drinks to the eunuchs [?] attending inside, and separately dispatched them. Come nightfall, Changming was lost in drunkenness and laid down. Ms. Zhang thereupon ordered her servant girls to cover him using a blanket. Then [she?] broke off and was afraid [?], [she] bribed left and right to state the death was due to nightmares. At the time Daozi was dimwitted and neglectful. His son Yuanxian monopolized government affairs. Thereupon they did not come to the bottom of Ms. Zhang's crime.

[leaderkhv]

#сантехникахабаровск #лидердвхабаровск #установкасантехники #спабассейн Артикул: WS096 Срок доставки 2-3 месяца. Гарантия 10 лет. 1. Технические характеристики: Размер - 1840х850 мм.. Гидромассажные форсуноки Поддержание температуры воды (нагреватель - 2кВт) Компрессор гидромассажа - 1,5 кВт 2. Оснащение: Акриловая чаша Электронная панель управления Слив-перелив 4 подголовника 3. Функции: Гидромассаж Хромотерапия Подводна подсветка Фильтрация воды Поддержание температуры воды

[bookofjin]

Biography of the Jin pretender Sima Rui

[From Weishu 096]

The Jin pretender Sima Rui, courtesy name Jingwen, was the son of the Jin general Niu Jin#. Earlier, Emperor Xuan of Jin begot the Great General, King Wu of Langye, Zhou. Zhou begot the Supervisor of the Extra Retinue, King Gong of Langye, Jin¤. Jin¤'s Consort, Ms. Xiahou of Qiao state, courtesy name Tonghuan, had faithless relations with Jin#, and thereupon begot Rui. For that reason [he?] pretended to the Sima family, continuing as Jin¤'s son. Because of that he spoke of himself as a native of Wen in Heinei.

He began as the King's Heir, and also inherited the feudal rnak. He was designated Cavalier in Regular Attendance, again moved to Colonel who Shoots at Sound and of Outriders, General of the Left and Right. He followed Emperor Hui of Jin to favour Linzhang [Ye]. His uncle Yao was killed by the King of Chengdu, Ying. Rui feared calamity, and thereupon ran to reach Luo. He welcomed his mother and together they returned to Chen state.

The King of Donghai, Yue, gathered troops at Xiapi, and made use of Rui as General who Assists the State. Yue planned to greet Emperor Hui in Chang'an, and again made use of Rui as General who Pacifies the East, Overseer of All Army Affairs of Xu province, and made him headquarter at Xiapi. He amassed promotion to General who Calms the East, Commander-in-Chief of All Army Affairs of Yang province, Acting with the Tally. He undertook to quell Shouyang, still staying at Xiapi. When Yue in the west greeted Emperor Hui, he kept Rui to quell the rear, with the government and affairs of pacifying the east. He undertook to move to quell Jiangdong. His subordinate Chen Min made chaos. Rui, since his troops were few, stayed at Xiapi.

1st Year of Yongjia, Spring [19 February – 18 May 307], Min died.

Autumn [15 August – 11 November], Rui first arrived at Jinaye.

5th Year [311 AD], he was advanced to General who Garrisons the East, Opening Office with the Same Ceremonies as the Three Ministers, also using Kuaiji's 20 000 households to add to his fief, concurrently Commander-in-Chief of All Army Affairs of Yang, Jiang, Xiang, Jiao and Guang Provinces.

6th Month [20 July – 18 August 311], Wang Mi and Liu Yao robbed Luoyang. Emperor Huai favoured Pingyang. Jin's Minister of Works, Xun Fan, and Colonel Minister of Retainers, Xun Zu pushed Rui forward to be Master of the Covenant. Hence he straight-away changed and altered the commanderies and counties, making use of [or “falsely”?] setting up names and titles.

The Inspector of Jiang province, Hua Yi, and the Commander of the Palace Gentlemen of the North, Pei Xian both did not follow him. Xian declared himself General who Garrisons the East and Commander-in-Chief of the Army of Affairs of Five Commanderies North of the Jiang, he and Yi joined as allies.

Rui dispatched the General of the Left, Wang Dun, the Generals Gan Zhuo, Zhou Fang and othesr to strike Yi, beheading him. Xian fled to Shi Le.

6th Year [312 AD], Rui called to arms the Four Regions, declaring he and Emperor Mu [would] punish Liu Yuan, in a great assembly at Pingyang.

1st Year of Jianxing [313 AD], Emperor Min of Jin used Rui as Palace Attendant, Imperial Chancellor of the Left and Great Commander-in-Chief of All Army Affairs East of Shan; Holding the Tally and King like before. Rui changed Jianye to be Jiankang.

7th Month [8 August – 6 September 313 AD], Rui, since the House of Jin was about to be exterminated, covertly had other ambitions, and therefore himself [made] a great amnesty, [with him] to be Great Commander-in-Chief and Commander-in-Chief of All Army Affairs in the Centre and Outside, and also to be Imperial Chancellor.

Rui announced orders but did not act, government affairs and punishments were excessive and cruel. He killed the Foreman Clerk Supervising Transport, Chunyu Bo. In the carrying out of punishment[s?], due to the blades wiped on the pillar, blood flowed atop the pillar for 2 zheng and 3 chi, just the head flew down 4 chi and 5 cun, it was straight like a string [?]. At the time people resented him.

At the beginning of Emperor Pingwen's reign [317 – 321], Rui declared himself King of Jin, changed the inaugural to Jianwu [Establishing the Martial], established Ancestral Temple and Altars of Soil and Grain, set up the hundred officials, and established his son Shao as Heir-Apparent. Rui, though King of Jin, yet sacrificed at the southern suburbs.

That Year, Rui usurped the enthronment to the great rank, changing it to be the 1st Year of Taixing [“Grand Prosperity”, 318 AD]. The rites of his imperial court, the regulations of his capital district, everything were guided and modelled from the ones of kings, planning to discuss the Central States. Thereupon the capital was in Danyang, because the place had formerly been Sun Quan's.

This was precisely the land the Tribute of Yu's Yang province, the distance to Luo 2 700 li. The land has many mountains and rivers, the sun birds' distant living place. Its soil is only mire and mud, its farm lands only the lowest of low, and it is said of it: “Island barbarians [daoyi島夷] dressed in plants”.

In the Rites of Zhou, the Zhifang clan directed the lands of Under Heaven, separating its nations and states, capitals and far-off towns. The  peoples of the Four Yi, Eight Man, Seven Min, Nine Mo, Five Rong and Six Di [tribes] with their wealth used the several needs [?] of the Nine Grains, Six Domestic Animals. The Zhou knew their advantages and misfortunes.

The south-east is called Yang province, its most important mountain is called Kuaiji, its marsh is called Juqu, its stream is called the Three Jiang, it irrigates the Five Lakes, its advantages are gold, tin and bamboo arrows, its people have two boys for five girls, its domestic animals ought to be birds [?], its grain ought to be rice.

In the time of Spring and Autumn, it was the land of Wu and Yue. Wu and Yue usurped the title to declare [themselves] Kings. Remote and far off in a single corner, they did not hear about the gentlemen of the Hua. Chu's Shengong Wuchen [who ]stole a wife and accordingly fled, taught them army columns. Afterwards therefore they understood warring and attacking.

For that reason they belatedly exchanged communications with the Central States. Their customs and manners were careless and impatient, they did not understand the rites' teachings, they abundantly decorated sons [?] and daughters to thereby summon drifting travellers. This was the manners of their land.

In the time of the Warring States then both were in Chu. Because the land was distant and relied on narrow passes, in chaotic generations then they were the first to rebel, in orderly generations they then were the last to submit. At the end of Qin, Xiang Yu rose up south of the Jiang. Because the King of Hengshan, Wu Rui was accompanied by the troops of the Hundred Yue [?], the King of Yue, Wuzhu, personally led the multitudes of Minzhong to thereby follow, exterminating Qin.

At the beginning of Han, enfeoffed Rui as King of Changsha, Wuzhu as King of Minyue, and also enfeoffed the King of Wu, Pi, at Zhufang. Disobedience and chaos followed each other, hurriedly seeing the barbarians wiped out. In the great chaos at the end of Han, Sun Quan thereupon divided possession of Wu and Shu with Liu Bei. Quan obstructed the Long Jiang, and endangered  the inner and outer limits of Heaven and Earth [?]. Rui because of the disturbances and chaos, straddled and had it.

The crown and belt of the Central Plain when calling for a person of Jiangdong, always considers them to be sons of badgers, similar in speech to foxes and badgers. Ba, Shu, the Man, the Liao, the Xi [?], the Li [?], Chu and Yue, bird voices and bird shouts, [their] words and speech are not similar. Monkeys, snakes, fish and turtle, [their] fondesses and desires are all different.

The mountains of the Jiang are far and wide, perhaps several thousand li. Rui restrained and harnessed it, and that was all. He was not able to establish obedience from its people. They have water fields and few land plants, they use nets and webs as their trade. They are ingenious, clever and attracted to profit, in kindness and righteousness they are lacking and weak. The houses have no hidden stores to regularly guard against starvation and cold. The land is hot and wet, and often has illnesses of swollen leaks. They partition the air from poisonous fog [?]. The dangers of the “Shooting Artisan”, the “Sand Louse” and the bamboo-snake, nowhere they do not have them [?].

Rui cut off to have the lands of Yang, Jing and Liang# provinces, because of their former lands, divided to set up ten or so provinces, and various commanderies and counties. The commanderies and counties' households and people reached not fully to a hundred.

He dispatched Han Chang to travel the sea and come to request peaceful relations. August Emperor Pingwen, due to his usurping the establishment [in] Jiangbiao, warded him off and did not accept it.

At that time, Rui's Great General, Wang Dun's lineage family monopolized power. He dominated heavily over Rui, and often was above and below [?], wholly without the division between lord and subject. Rui's Palace Attendant Liu Wei talked to Rui, saying:

The Wang clan is strong and large, [we] ought to gradually curb and diminish [it].

Dun heard and detested him.

In the time of Emperor Hui, Rui changed the year's name to Yongchang [永昌, “Eternal Splendour”, 322 AD]. Chang, Dun former headquarter was Wuchang. He therefore petitioned to Rui, saying:

Liu Wei previously was below the gates, and thereupon grasped power and favouritism. Now immediately advance the army, direct to punish the villainous recalcitrant. [We] ought to quickly cut off Wei's head, thereby apologizing to far and near. The morning displaying Wei's head, the various armies withdraws in the evening.

Formerly Tai Jia was not able to obey the canons of enlightened Tang, turning upside down his measures. Fortunately he accepted the teachings of Yi Yin. The Way of Yin again prospered [昌]. Lean on the wisdom to assuredly be one who first loses and later obtains [?].

Dun also moved the announcements for the provinces and commanderies, using Shen Chong as Great Commander-in-Chief, protecting the various armies of Eastern Wu. Rui therefore sent down a document, saying:

Wang Dun relies on favouritism, daring to indulge in deranged treason, comparing Us to Tai Jia, desiring to see [Us] imprisoned in the Tong palace. If this can be endured, what cannot be endured! Now [We] must personally lead the Six Armies, thereby executing the great traitor.

Rui's Superintendent of the Brilliantly Blessed, Wang Han, led his son Yu using a quick ship abandon Rui, reverting to Wuchang. Rui used his Minister of Works, Wang Dao, as Great Chief Controller of the Vanguard, the Master of Writing Lu Ye as Army Minister. He used the Inspector of Guang province, Tao Kan, as Jiang province, the Inspector of Liang# province, Gan Zhuo, as Jing province, and made them lead the multitudes to pull the tracks in Dun's rear. He used the Leader of the Right to the Heir-Apparent, Zhou Yan, lead the Central Army's 3 000 men to punish Shen Chong.

Dun arrived at Liezhou, and petitioned the Prefect of the Masters of Writing, Diao Xie's faction adherents ought to be added to the executed and slaughtered. Rui dispatched the General of the Right, Zhou Zha, to defend at Shitou. Zha secretly sent Dun a letter, promising when the army arrived [he would] be responding. Dun sent the Marshal Yang Lang and others to enter into Shitou, and Zha met with Dun.

Lang and others had occupied Shitou when Rui's General who Conquers the West, Dai Yuan, and General who Garrisons the North, Liu Wei, led the multitudes to attack them. Dai Yuan personally led the soldiers, drumming the multitudes [at] Lingcheng [?]. Soon the drums came to an end, Lang and others exploited it, Rui's army achieved defeat. Wei and Xie entered to see Rui. Rui dispatched them to escape calamity. The two men wept and set out. Wei turned back to Huaiyin, and later fled to Shi Le. Xie fled to Jiangcheng and was murdered by Dun's pursuing troops. Rui's host was defeated.

Dun used himself as Imperial Chancellor, Duke of Wuchang commandery, with an estate of 10 000 households. Court affairs, great and small, everything was notified and communicated to him. Dun arrested Dai Yuan and Rui's Supervisor of the Left of the Masters of Writing, Zhou Yi, both were beheaded at Shitou. Both were the hopes of Rui's court. Hence he changed and altered the hundred officials and the various province headquarters, his remaining shifts, moves, demotions and dismissals were a hundred or so. Sometimes he acted in the morning and changed in the evening, sometimes [after?] a hundred days or half a year. Those spoken of by Shen Chong, Qian Feng and others, favoured by Dun, were certain to be employed, those slandered were certain to die.

Dun wanted to return to Wuchang. His Senior Clerk Xie Kun said:

[If] Your Excellency does not [attend] court, [I] fear Under Heaven will secretly discuss.

Dun said:

You Lord is able to guard without change?

He replied, saying:

[When] Kun recently entered for audience, the ruler and sovereign placed himself on the mat to treat Your Excellency, awaiting [for you and him] to get to see each other, the palace and bureaus well-disposed, [I] certainly do not [have] expectations of worries. Suppose Your Excellency enters court, Kun requests to attend and accompany.

Dun said:

To rectify and kill you Lord and several hundred others, how would it diminish the imperial court?

Thereupon he did not attend court and departed.

Dun summoned the General who Calms the South, Gan Zhuo, and moved the King of Qiao, Cheng, to be Army Minister. Both did not follow. Dun dispatched his mother's nephew, the Colonel of the Southern Man, Wei Yi, to lead the Grand Warden of Jiangxia, Li Heng to attack Cheng at Linxiang. After ten days the city fell, and they brought Cheng to Wuchang. Dun's cousin Wang Yi sent traitors to greet him, murdering him in the middle of the army.

Before this, Wang Dun petitioned recommendations, the words and viewpoints were not humble. Rui accordingly showed it to Cheng, saying:

[When] Dun's words are like this, how [will he] be satisfied?

He replied, saying:

[If] Your Majesty do not soon trim him down, difficulties are about to arise.

Dun detested him.

The Grand Warden of Xiangyang, Zhou Lü assailed and killed Gan Zhuo

Rui feared pressure from Dun, and lived regularly in fretful distress. He became ill and died [on 3 January, 323]. His son Shao was falsely established, he changed the year to be called Taining [“Grand Tranquillity”, 323 AD].

[bookofjin]

Biography of the Jin pretenders Sima Dan, Pi and Yi弈 (Weishu)

[Emperor Mu, Ai and the Duke of Haixi. From Weishu096]

Yue died. Yu Bing desired to establish Sima Yu. The General of Agile Cavalry, He Chong established Yue's son Dan, the era title named Yonghe [“Eternal Harmony”, 345 – 356]. Dan's General who Calms the West, Huan Wen, led his command of more than 7 000 people to invade Shu, when designating and petitioning he acted on his own [?]. Dan's power and capabilities were small and weak, and he was not able to take the lead and rule.

When Shi Hu died, Dan's General who Conquers the North, Chu Pou, used a naval army to arrive at Xiapi. The Commander of the Palace Gentlemen of the West, Chen Kui, advanced to occupy Huainan. Shi Zun heard Pou had arrived at Xiapi, and sent his Minister of Works, Li Nong, to lead more than 10 000 cavalry to confront and besieged the Controller-Protector Wang Kan at Xue. He seized Kan sent him off to Ye, and also killed Li Mai. Kan was a valiant general of Pou. The Three Armies were disheartened, and therefore pulled and turned back. Chen Kui heard about, shook in fear, burnt Huainan and ran.

Huan Wen petitioned to demote the Inspector of Yang province, Yun Hao. Dan dreaded Wen and therefore removed his name. Wen thereupon lead the various armies under his command, 40 000 infantry and cavalry, from Ying to go beyond Guanzhong and arrive at Bashang. Fu Jian# with more than 5 000 people defended the lesser city of Chang'an. In that year there was great scarcity, the people in Wen's army were anxious and hesitant [?]. Jian# had deep ditches and strong walls, and cleared the countryside waiting for Wen. Wen's army's food was exhausted, so he therefore withdrew. Fu Jian# dispatched his son Chang to strike again and again to defeat him.

Earlier, when Wen was at Bashang, his section general, the General who Raises the Martial and Grand Warden of Shunyang, Xue Zhen, recommended Jing to advance and pressure the city. Wen did not follow. Zhen accordingly crossed alone with a division of the host, and made quite a few captures. Wen withdrew, so Zhen therefore turned back. He freely told the multitudes, on one hand flaunting his sharpness and then blaming Wen's heavy caution. Wen was ashamed and angry, and killed him.

Dan again changed the year to be named Shengping [“Maturing Peace”, 357 – 361].

Dan died. He had no sons, so they established Yan's son Pi, titling the year Longhe [“Plentiful Harmony” 362 – 363]. At the time a song said:

Shengping did not fill a dou. Longhe [“Plentiful Harmony”], how to obtain it for a long time?

Changed it to be Xingning [“Fostering Tranquillity”, 363 – 365]. Again a song said:

Even though again changed to Fostering Tranquillity, likewise he himself nothing to rely on for life [?].

[Sheng升has several meanings. Since the era title was changed from Yonghe to Shengping in 357 when the emperor formally came of age, I assume “ripening, maturing” is the one intended. But sheng is also a unit of measurement. 10 sheng = 1 dou. The finer points of the rest eludes me.]

Pi died. His younger brother Yi was established. Changed the year to be named Taihe [“Grand Harmony”, 366 – 371].

Huan Wen led the multitudes north to punish Murong Wei, and arrived at Jinxiang. He dug through at Juye for more than 300 li, thereby passing though the naval army,and from the Qing river entered the He. Murong Chui confronted, struck and routed him, and captured his wealth and arms. Murong Chui confronted, struck and routed him, and captured his wealth and arms.

At Wen's retreat from the north, he had previously instructed the Commander of the Palace Gentlemen of the West, Yuan Zhen, and Zhao Yue to open Shimen. But Yuan Zhen and others stayed in Liang and Song, and Shimen was not passable. Provisions were exhausted. Wen from Fangtou turned around the army. Chui used several ten thousand infantry and cavalry to chase [him], catching up at Xiangyi, and greatly defeated Wen's army.

Wen thereupon returned to blame Yuan Zhen, removed his name and struck off his noble title, and took the tally and transmitted [?]. Zhen's son, Shuangzhi and others killed the Interior Clerk of Liang state, Zhu Xian. Zhen occupied Shouyang to thereby rebel. Zhen's various sons and brothers hindered the troops to defend themselves. He summoned and persuaded the commander of the Lucheng defence post [?] and Grand Warden of Chen commandery, Zhu Fu, with several thousand men. He dispatched the Army Advisor Cuan Liang to communicate with Murong Wei, and also dispatched envoys west to surrender to Fu Jian.

Yuan Zhen died. Fu established the son his legal wife, Jin, as Envoy Holding the Tally, General who  Establishes Power, and Inspector of Yu province. Jin's younger brothers, four or five people, all led troops. Wei ordered Chen Wen to tell Cuan Liang, and moreover accordingly observe changes [?].

Huan Wen dispatched the Controller-Protector Zhu Yao to use the army and go upstream the Huai to attack Jin. Yao stayed at Feikou and fought frequently. Murong Wei made use of Jin as General who Conquers the South, Inspector of Yang province and Duke of Xuancheng. Jin's younger brothers, Hong and others, were all Wardens of commanderies and Generals of the Fourth Grade. Zhu Fu likewise went to him. Wen therefore attacked Jin. Jin and others resisted in battle. Hence [he?] built a long encirlement to defend against them. Within the city they shook in defeat. He thereupon pacified Jin.

Earlier, Wen relied on combining general and chancellor. That he had not the heart of a subject appeared in his voice and manners [?]. He once laid down face to face with his personal companions [?], patted the pillow and stood up, saying:

[If I] am silent and still like this, [I] will be laughed at by Wen and Jing.

The multitudes did not dare to reply.

Later [he led?] the whole multitude on the northern punishment campaign, hoping for the influence for completing the encroaching and take by force [?]. Reaching his flight in defeat from Fangtou, he knew the people hoped for getting rid of him. When he had pacified [Yuan] Jin he asked the Gentleman of the Palace Writers Chi Chao, saying:

Is it sufficient to accordingly wipe away the shame of Fangtou?

Chao said:

This not yet satiates the feelings of [those who?] are informed. Your Excellency is aged sixty, was defeated in the great undertaking, and did not establish deeds not this generation. It is not sufficient to accordingly quell and satisfy the people's expectations.

Because of that he advised Wen to use the affairs of deposing and establishing. Wen was already predisposed to have this plan, and deeply accepted Chao's words.

Wen wanted to return from Guangling to headquarter at Gushu. He arrived at Baishi, and said his ruler Yi as young had had an illness [making him] similar to a eunuch. Earlier when he had been in Donghai and Langye states, his personal intimate minions, Xiang Long, Zhu Lingbao and others, both attended and lay down inside [his quarters], and then the Beautiful Ladies Ms. Tian and Ms. Meng thereupon birthed three sons. The multitudes were made suspicious and confused, and were not able to investigate its truth or falsehood.

Reaching this point, he wanted to establish an heir and set up [his other sons as] kings. Wen because of that used it to settle the plan for deposing and establishing. He thereupon led the hundred companions all to return to the court hall.

Wen led the multitudes to enter, and garrisoned troops at the palace gates. He advanced to sit in the palace courtyard, and sent the Controller-Protector Zhu Yao and the Cavalier Attendant Gentleman Liu Heng to obtain Yi's signet and seal. Yi, wearing only a single piece of white garment, went on foot below the Western Hall, and mounted a calf chariot. The crowd of subjects did obeisance and bid farewell, all with falling tears. The Attendant Imperial Clerk, commanding more than hundred people, sent him off to set out through the Shenhu Gate and enter the Donghai mansion. Then they welcomed Sima Yu and established him.

[leaderkhv]

Спа_бассейн Артикул: WS096 Срок доставки 2-3 месяца. Гарантия 10 лет. 1. Технические характеристики: Размер - 1840х850 мм.. Гидромассажные форсунки Поддержание температуры воды (нагреватель - 2кВт) Компрессор гидромассажа - 1,5 кВт 2. Оснащение: Акриловая чаша Электронная панель управления Слив-перелив 4 подголовника 3. Функции: Гидромассаж Хромотерапия Подводна подсветка Фильтрация воды Поддержание температуры воды #сантехникахабаровск #лидердвхабаровск #установкасантехники #спабассейнхабаровск

[bookofjin]

Biography of the Jin pretenders Sima Yan衍 and Yue (Weishu)

Emperors Cheng (r. 325 - 342) and Kang (342 - 344). But actually this section is better described as a narrative of the Su Jun civil war (December 327 - March 329)

Yan was falsely established, titling the year Xianhe [“Everwhere Harmony”,  326 – 334].

Yan's Grand Warden of Liyang, Su Jun did not submit to Yan. Yan's Army-Protector Yu Liang said:

Su Jun is a wild dog, and in end will cause disaster and chaos. As said by Chao Cuo, diminish him and he will also rebel. Do not diminish him and he will also rebel. Diminish him, and the rebellion will be speedy and the misfortune small. Do not diminish him, and the rebellion will be late and the misfortune great.

He therefore used Great Minister of Agriculture to summon him, and ordered Jun's younger brother Yi to lead Jun's private troops. When the summoning letter arrived, Jun angrily said:

Yu Liang is monopolizing and arrogating, and desires to lure and kill me.

The Prefect of Fuling, Kuang Shu, and Ren Rang, a native of Le'an, were both Jun's chief planners, and recommended Jun execute Liang. He therefore sent envoys to push forward Zu Yue for them together to punish Liang. Yue was greatly pleased. Hence Yue instructed his elder brother Ti's son, the Interior Clerk of Pei state, Huan, and his daughter's husband the Grand Warden of Huainan, Xu Liu to command troops and meet with Jun.

Jun sent his partisan Han Guang. Guang's name violates Gongzong's temple taboo [Tuoba Huang]. He entered Gushu, and killed the Prefect of Yuhu, Tao Fu, destroyed and plundered, and then turned back.

Yan made Yu Liang act with the tally to be Chief Controller of Conquest an Punishment. He sent his General of the Guards of the Right, Zhao Yin, and the General of the Left, Sima Liu, to lead the multitudes to stay at Cihu. Han Guang at daybreak assaulted Liu and killed him.

Yan used his General of Valiant Cavalry, Zhong Ya, to be Vanguard Overseer of the Army, Acting with the Tally, to lead the naval army to resist Jun. The Interior Clerk of Xuancheng, Huan Yi united the magistrate and soldiers to stay at Wuhu. Han Guang defeated him, greatly plundered the various counties of Xuancheng and turned back.

The Inspector of Jiang province, Wen Jiao, sent the Controller-Protector Wang Qianqi, the Grand Warden of Xiyang, Deng Dai, the Grand Warden of Poyang, Ji Mu, and others to use a naval army and go to Jianye. Qianqqi and Dai stayed at Zhidu. Jun directed a multitude of 20 000 to cross from Hengjiang, and climb Niuzhu Mountain. Qianqi and others intercepted and struck him but without success.

Jun arrived at Jiang Mountain. Yan made [the General?] who Leads the Army, Bian Kun, act with the tally, to lead the various generals and arrange the troops. Yan's general were faint-hearted and the troops weak, they were defeated by Jun. Bian Kun and his two sons, the Intendant of Danyang, Yang Man, the Attendant Gentleman of the Yellow Gates, Zhou Dao, the Grand Warden of Lujiang, Tao Zhan, the Cavalier Attendant Gentleman Ren Tai, and others all died. The dead were more than 3 000 people. Yu Liang when the troops were defeated ran with his three younger brothers to Chaisang.

Jun thereupon burnt Yan's palaces. The crowd of traitors dug out [?] and plundered, the hundred companions ran and scattered, they only had several hundred shi of rice and that was all, with nothing accordingly to provide for themselves.

Jun pressured Yan [to issue] a great amnesty. Yu Liang and his brothers were not within the limits of the amnesty. Jun used Zu Yue as Grand Commandant and Prefect of the Masters of Writing, concurrently Palace Attendant, and himself as General of Agile Cavalry, General who Leads the Army, Recording the Affairs of the Masters of Writing. Hence Jianye was wasted and destroyed, those who fled to close by [?] Wu and Kuai[ji?] were eight or nine out of ten.

Wen Jiao heard about it. He moved to announce to the Conquering and Garrison [Generals?], provinces and commanderies. Yu Liang arrived at Penkou. Jiao divided troops to match supplies [?]. He also summoned Yan's Inspector of Jing province, Tao Kan, desiring to together punish Jun. Kan did not follow, saying:

I am a commander from outside of the frontier, fundamentally not concerned with instructing the great ministers. Today's affairs [I] do not dare take on.

At the time Kan's son was murdered by Jun. Jiao again explained Kan, saying:

[If] Su Jun follows through to obtain his ambitions, though the Four Seas are extensive, will Your Excellency serenely be accommodated with sufficient territory? [Your] worthy son the Outrider was brutally lost, Under Heaven have Your Excellency's aching heart and furthermore the feelings of a kind father!

Kan therefore accepted it.

Su Jun garrisoned at Yuhu. Yan's mother, Ms. Yu was anxious and terrified, and died. Su Jun heard troops had risen, and turned back from Gushu to Jianye, and garrisoned at Shitou. He sent his partisans Zhang Jin and Guan Shang to lead a multitudes to resist the various armies, and pressured and moved Yan to Shitou. Yan pitifully wept when climbing the chariot. The palace people exhaustedly wailed. Those who followed and accompanied him could not but let their tears flow. Jun used a granary house as the palace, and sent his countryman Xu Fang to be the Marshal, to control the generals, troops, wardens and guards.

Tao Kan, Yu Liang and Wen Jiao led the naval armies, 20 000 [men], to Shitou. Shortly after they pulled out and turned back, staying at the banks of Caizhou and Shamen. Yu Liang guarded the Baishi rampart, calling the court into account. Jun commanded more than 10 000 people to attack him. Liang and others opposed him and struck, and Jun withdrew.

The Interior Clerk of Wu state, Yu Bing led the multitudes of the Three Wu to recurrent [?] battles but did not win. Jin, Shang and others routed Yu Bing's van army at Yuxi, burning and plundering unbridled [by?] thought. Han Guang attacked the Interior Clerk of Xuancheng, Huan Yi. Yi led the magistrates and people to battle powerfully but without winning. He was killed by Guang. Zu Yue had Chen Guang, a native of Yingchuan, lead his subordinates attack him. Yue therefore ran to Liyang.

Jia Ning, a native of Changle, recommended to Jun to kill Wang Dao and wholly execute the great subjects. Jun did not follow, so he therefore changed plans to rebel against Jun. Wang Dao sent Yuan Dan to secretly persuade and admit him, planing to serve Yan in setting out and run to Wen Jiao.

Jiao food was exhausted, he borrowed from Tao Kan. Kan angrily said:

If it was so that you Lord earlier stated [you] was not anxious about [me?] lacking multitudes of soldiers or food and provisions [?], only desiring to obtain an old commoner as the leader and that was all. Now in every battle there is always defeat, how is it that the well-bred are commanding? Now suppose [we] lack food, the commoner readily desires to return west.

Before this Jiao had worried Kan would not hurry to [them], and for that reason had used agreeable words to summon Kan. Jiao therefore humbly explained and apologized to him, even saying:

At present, the conditions of riding tigers, can it be brought down? The traitors are on the bring of extermination. [I] desire Your Excellency to stay and consider.

Kan's anger was for little time stopped. His general Li Yang argued, saying:

In the present affairs, suppose we do not win, even if we have grain, where will we get to eat it? Your Excellency ought to divide up the reserves [?], thereby bringing to end the great affair.

He therefore used 50 000 shi of rice to supply the army.

Zu Huan assaulted Penkou, desiring to thereby dispirit [?] Wen Jiao's troops. Huan went beyond Han晥 and attacked the Interior Clerk of Qiao state, Huan Yun, did not overcome, and therefore turned back.

Su Jun's combined troops to attack Daye. At Daye the water dried up, everyone drank dung juice. The various generals planned to rescue them, but worried they would not be able to do it, they also desired to attack Jun on water and land. Tao Kan used the naval host to attack Shitou. Wen Jiao and Yu Liang deployed at Baishi.

Jun's son Shuo used several tens of cavalry to set out and fight. Jun saw Shuo's cavalry, and therefore abandoned his multitudes, and himself with four horse went north burst through the deployment [?]. The deployment was resolute so he therefore turned back. The army soldiers Peng Shi and Li Qian threw spears at him, and Jun fell off his horse. They thereupon displayed his head, sliced and cut him apart, and burnt his skeleton and bones.

Ren Rang and the various traitor leaders hence established Jun's younger brother Yi. They sought for Jun's corpse without acquiring it. They therefore took out Yan's father and mother from the burial mound, split the coffins and burnt the corpses.

Kuang Shu led his followers to occupy Yuancheng to thereby surrender. Han Guang, Su Shuo and others led the multitudes to attack Yuan. Within Yuan there was starvation, a shi of grain was 40 000 [?]. The various generals attacked Shitou. Su Shuo and the Heir of King of Zhangwu, Xiu, led the strong traitors, Kong Lu, Zhang Pian and others, several tens of people, to strike Li Yang at Zhapu. He withdrew and ran. Shuo and others chased him. Yu Bing's Marshal, Teng Han, used keen soldiers to to strike them from the rear. Shuo, Yi and others were shaken and vanquished, and ran to Qu'e. Han entered to embrace Yan, and just then managed to set out and run to Wen Jiao's ship.

At that time, after the troops were routed, the palace buildings were ashes and cinders. Opinion desired to move and change. Wang Dao did not follow, so it was therefore stopped.

Yan changed the year to Xiankang [“Everywhere Prosperity”, 335 – 342].

In the middle of Jianguo [338 – 376], Yan died. The Overseer of the Palace Writers, Yu Bing, discarded Yan's son for his countless age [?], and established his younger brother Yue岳, changing the year to be named Jianyuan [“Establishing the Inaugural”, 343 – 344].

At the beginning of Yue's reign, when they were to change the inaugural, Yu Bing established the title And since Jin had begun and ended, had been remade, again like it [?], he therefore made it to be Jianyuan. Soon after, someone informed Bing, saying:

When Master made the era title he then did not look at the prophecy. The prophecy states: “At the end of Jianyuan the hills [qiu丘] and mountains [shan山] will collapse”  Qiu丘 and shan山 is yue岳.

[“Collapse”, beng崩, is also word used for the death of the emperor.]

Bing glanced fearfully, and after a while sighed, saying:

If there is good and bad fortune, how will changes and alterations be able to help?

Thereupon he did not again change it.

Yue died. Yu Bing desired to establish Sima Yu. The General of Agile Cavalry, He Chong established Yue's son Dan

[bookofjin]

Biography of the Jin pretender Sima Shao (Weishu)

Dun, dun, dun. From Weishu 96.

Shao was falsely established, he changed the year to be called Taining [“Grand Tranquillity”, 323 - 326].

Wang Dun wanted to usurp, and hinted to Shao to have himself summoned. He therefore made a letter which said:

The orphaned son Shao bows his head. Under Heaven has great affairs. Shao, due to his minimal ability, is not capable of shouldering the burden. Lamenting and grieving in immense desolation, like overlooking a valley, [he] really relies on the foremost steward, to thereby aid in the arduous difficulties.

Your Excellency strides with virtue and build deeds, distant and near returning to the embrace, trusted with care for the altars of soil and grain, seated bringing together command in yourself [?]. As such in an area [?] long and far, the Jiang river impeding deeply, when acting [you] have the key to integrity like stone. Yet the interval between turning around and returning, firmly is accordingly being mourned [?].

[I?] say Your Excellency ought to enter and assist the court and government affairs, to get from dawn to dusk reciprocal consultation. The court gentlemen likewise unanimously consider it [should] be done. Due to Your Excellency, exalted, loyal and stern, reaching hearts in the grieving state, only if it is suitable [?], readily must accordingly arrive to publicly settle it, in the time for quieting the state and soothing the people, insisting on its lashing together the bag without fault [?]. [I] humbly imagine privately [we] similarly [have] these aspirations, and desires readily and quickly to bring about a nearby date, thereby assisting to lift up in anticipation's embrace [?].

Shao's reverent dread for Dun was like this.

He also sent the Combined Grand Master of Ceremonies, Ying Zhan to designate Dun Imperial Chancellor and Duke of Wuchang commandery, to memorialise affairs without naming [himself], to enter court without hurrying, and to wear sword and shoes in the high hall. Dun hence garrisoned at Wuhu.

Dun then moved Wang Dao to be Minister over the Masses, himself to act as Inspector of Yang province, and using his elder brother Han's son Ying as General who Martially Guards, to thereby assist himself as deputy. Dun had no children and raised Ying to be his successor.

Dun was sick for more than a year, and for that reason summoned Han to come back, desiring to consign accordingly later affairs. At that time Dun ordered of the troops of Shao's house guard two of three to be on periodic rest. Shao privately desired to assault Dun, and in disguise went to examine Dun's encampments and barracks. When Dun became ill, Shao repeatedly dispatched great subjects to inquire and ask about him rising to work. He moved Han to Great General of Valiant Cavalry, Same Ceremonies as the Three Ministers.

Dun's illness worsened. Shao summoned his Minister over the Masses, Wang Dao, the Overseer of the Palace Writers, Yu Liang, the Intendant of Danyang, Wen Jiao, and the Master of Writing Bian Kun to privately plan punishing Dun. Dao, Jiao, and the General of the Right, Bian Dun, together occupied Shitou. The Superintendent of the Brilliantly Blessed, Ying Zhan was Commander-in-Chief of All Army Affairs South of Zhuque Pontoon bridge. The Prefect of the Masters of Writing, Chi Jian, was Commander-in-Chief of All Army Affairs Accompanying the [imperial] Carriage. Shao set out to stay at the Central Hall.

Dun heard the troops had risen, and in anger desired to command himself, but he was so exhausted and unable to to sit. He summoned his faction partisans, Qian Feng, Deng Yue, Zhou Fu and others, to lead a multitude of 30 000 and prepare to go to Jianye. Han spoke to Dun, saying:

In this affair I readily must act.

Hence he used Han as the head of the host. Feng and others asked Dun, saying:

On the day when the affair is carried out, what about the Son of Heaven?

Dun said:

[He has] still not [sacrificed at] the southern suburbs, how is he the Son of Heaven! Readily spend the power of Sir's troops, and only guard and protect the King of Donghai and Consort Pei, that is all.

Earlier, Shao said Dun was already dead, and for that reason dared to send out troops. Reaching several days [after?] sending down the decree, Dun was similarly able to give Wang Dao a letter, after writing with his own hand, which said:

Taizhen did not come [?] for how many days, began like this affair!

Taizhen was Wen Jiao's courtesy name. Shao's court saw it, and all together were frightened and afraid.

Han and others' troops arrived. Wen Jiao immediately burnt the Zhuque bridge to thereby check their spear-point. Shao sent the Marshal of the Centre Army, Cao Hun, the Army Assistant of the Left Guards, Chen Song, and Duan Pidi's younger brother Tu to lead a thousand strong soldiers to confront Han and others. They fought at Jiangning, beheaded their General of the Vanguard He Kang, and killed several hundred people.

Dun heard Kang had died, and that the army had not managed to cross, and angrily said:

My older brother is an old servant woman and that is all. Our family and household declines and fades. Those among the crowd of followers who were talented in both civil and military affairs died young. In the present year our cause is lost.

He told the Army Advisor Lü Bao, saying:

I will exert myself to act.

Because of that he made a pose and rose. Exhausted and weary, he then laid down again. He made the scholar of the arts Guo Pu divine the stalks for him. The divination completed, he replied, saying:

Not able to satisfy.

Dun already suspected Pu of advising Liang, Jiao and others to raise up the affair. When he also heard he divined evil, he hence killed Pu.

Dun's illness turned worse. He told his uncle Yang Jian and son Ying, saying:

After I am gone, you ought to readily take the throne, first establish the imperial court and hundred officials, and then afterwards make the burial.

Earlier, after Dun had defeated Rui, he dreamt a white dog came down from heaven, and bit him. When the illness became grave, he saw Diao Xie and Gan Zhuo as evil spirits and thereupon died. Wang Ying kept it secret and did not issue mourning. He wrapped the corpse using a mat, and buried it away within his study. He and his generals Zhuge Yao and others, indulged in beer and were unrestrained and uninhibited.

Shen Chong commanded more than 10 000 people to come and assemble with Han and others. Chong oversaw the journey, looking back he spoke to his wife, saying:

[If?] a man does not build the leopard's tail. [he will?] not be able to return. [?]

Shao's General who Pacifies the West, Zu Yue, led a multitude to arrive in Huainan, and chased out the Grand Warden of Huainan set up by Dun, Ren Tai. Shao's generals Liu Xia and Su Jun crossed from Manzhou. Han was leading crossing troops [?]. Ying Zhan confronted and struck [him], greatly routing him. Zhou Fu beheaded Qian Feng, Shen Chong's general Wu Ru beheaded Chong. Shao dispatched the Imperial Clerk Liu Yi to open up Dun's burial, behead the corpse, and display the head at the Zhuque bridge.

Shao died. His son Yan was falsely established