#yoshio nishina

[tenth-sentence]

Nishina's statement was too devastating to carry immediate conviction to Tokyo military circles.

"Brighter than a Thousand Suns: A Personal History of the Atomic Scientists" - Robert Jungk, translated by James Cleugh

[whats-in-a-sentence]

Fukuda relates:

At that moment we were both suffering from acute pangs of conscience. We alone knew, as those around us did not, that even a single aircraft with a single bomb might cause a more frightful catastrophe than all the squadrons which had formerly attached us put together. We wanted to utter a cry of warning to all those indifferent people: 'Run for safety! That may be no ordinary aircraft with ordinary bombs!' But the General Staff had strictly enjoined us to keep the secret from the uninitiated, even from our own families. Our lips were therefore sealed. Overcome with rage and shame at not being allowed to warn our fellow creatures, we waited for minute after minute in that air-raid shelter. We schedule dared to breathe until the 'all clear' signal was given. Fortunately no atom bomb was dropped on that occasion. But that temporary piece of luck made no difference to our dejection. As we had not dared to warn our fellow human beings, we felt that we had betrayed them. My revered professor, Nishina, never recovered from the feeling of guilt he experienced that day.

"Brighter than a Thousand Suns: A Personal History of the Atomic Scientists" - Robert Jungk, translated by James Cleugh

[truphysics]

Klein-Nishina Formula

Introduction The Klein-Nishina formula is an essential result in quantum electrodynamics that describes the angular distribution of photons scattered off a single, free electron. Named after Oskar Klein and Yoshio Nishina, who derived the formula in 1928, it takes into account the relativistic and quantum mechanical effects of the scattering process, particularly in the case of high-energy (or…

[moviemosaics]

The Men Who Tread on the Tiger’s Tail

directed by Akira Kurosawa, 1945

[marsjapanjohannahairas]

Science In Japan

One of the first issues that quickly engages the attention of anyone aspiring to understand the history of modern science in Japan is when to date the beginning of the subject.  In the strictest sense, we can say that modern Japanese science develops only as professional science, mostly according to the forms which first appeared in Germany and France, though with important influences from Britain and the United States.  But even if these developments are to be dated from the Perry expeditions of 1853-54, modern science had an extensive pre-history in Japan tracing back to the earliest contacts with Europe in the late sixteenth century and especially to commercial exchanges with the Netherlands from the mid-seventeenth.  Beyond that, there is the question of natural knowledge indigenous to East Asia and its importance for the development of modern science.  Mostly through contacts with China and Korea extending over many centuries, the Japanese had considerable expertise in medicine, metallurgy, astronomy, architecture, ceramic technology and mathematics before they began dealing with Europe.  During the Tokugawa period (1600-1867) knowledge imported from Europe was introduced to these existing learned specialties, and generally coexisted amicably with them.

There were exceptions.  The subject matter encompassed by the domains of physics and chemistry was viewed with suspicion by the Tokugawa Shogunate, and government authorities almost never allowed access to European writings in the physical sciences without restrictions.  Medicine was generally much freer and thus developed an extensive clientele base outside official circles.  But even medicine could occasionally run afoul of prejudice, suspicion, and even outright antagonism.  The so-called Bansha Circle incident of 1839 was one such occasion.   Several people were disgraced, driven to suicide, or otherwise punished for their interest in European medicine due to the jealousy and resentment of a well placed official.  But this episode was actually atypical of official views, and medicine generally flourished during this period of relative isolation from Europe.

An important issue in the history of modern Japanese science is the relationship of science to war.  World War I was a major turning point with respect to funding, recognition of the physical sciences’ importance, and in regard to Japan’s involvement with science in the rest of the world.  World War II and the events leading up to it pose issues of morality and science and the conduct of researchers operating under the auspices of an autocratic, militaristic regime.  This latter topic has been more intensively discussed in the English (and perhaps even Japanese) historical literature than any other aspect of the history of modern science in Japan.  There are both illuminating books and informative articles on both the infamous Unit 731 network of biochemical research facilities in Manchuria and on the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, as well as some writings on Japan’s own abortive efforts to develop an atomic bomb.  The roles of personalities as otherwise divergent as Dr. Ishii Shiro, 731’s founder, and Dr. Nishina Yoshio, an important figure in one of Japan’s  atomic bomb projects, can serve as foci for comparative treatment of reprehensible medical experiments under Japanese and Nazi auspices or, in the latter’s case, for a comparative discussion of Nishina’s efforts with those of the Manhattan Project.

[fardell24b]

Rise of Weirdness - Part 14

May 1, 1944:

Stalin establishes the Council for the Affairs of Religious Cults in Moscow, citing the threat of "counter-revolutionary elements",...

May 2, 1944

The case of the Sotheby's Fire is declared closed.

6 May 1944

A Uboat discovers a strange bubble of air below the sea in the North Sea.

June 22, 1944:

Siege of Kohima; Allied forces announce the successful bombing of "Vimanas" factories in Kohima, Nagaland, halting production of the vehicles for Axis distribution and deployment,....

July 3, 1944:

Battle of Imphal; Indian National Army (INA) forces capture British forces during an incursion into northeastern India at Imphal, sparking international attention and concern,...

July 14, 1944:

Dixonville Disaster; 63 miners in Dixonville, Pennsylvania are killed by an unknown entity, with 15 half-eaten, sparking concern,...

July 20, 1944:

Under advice from Eleanor Roosevelt, President Franlin D. Roosevelt signs legislation allowing women in combat positions,...

August 5, 1944:

Tenmei Okamoto reports the isolation and refinement of "Hitsuku-Shinji" (mystical energies) in Tokyo, Japan, signalling that they are attempting to reach level ground with the Indian membership of the Axis,....

August 10-12, 1944:

Battle of Palembang; Indonesia joins the Allies, after liberating Sumatra, destroying Indian "vimanas", sparking international attention,...

August 12, 1944:

Battle of Pelice: British and American forces battle against German "foo fighters" in Pelice, France, preventing a German retaking of the region,...

September 14, 1944:

U.S. Congress amends the Draft and Selective Service System to include women in Washington D.C., fueling national controversy and debate,.

September 16, 1944:

Battle of Thurenberg, Czechoslovakia; Nazi werewolves are deployed against Soviet forces, dealing the Allies a major blow,...

October 10-11, 1944:

Italian scientist Luigi Romersa reports an immense and mysterious explosion at Rugen, in the Baltic Sea, fueling concern amongst Allied commanders,....

October 14, 1944:

General Erwin Rommel defects to Great Britain, after being threatened with death in Herrlingen, Germany, sparking international attention,...

November 16, 1944:

Battle of Lingayen Gulf; USS Gilliam successfully combats Japanese "foo fighters" successfully preventing an attempt to retake the Philippines by force,....

December 8, 1944:

Military forces in Valencia, Spain report the mass slaughter of people by "Deros" robots; a camera by local forces confirm the existence of the supernatural robots is taken by the Spanish military

December 14, 1944:

Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force in Paris reports uncovering evidence of the Nazi mystical weapons program,...

December 27, 1944:

Battle of Luneville; British and American forces battle German "foo fighters" in air combat over Luneville, France, pushing German forces into retreat,

January 14, 1945:

TIME reports Allied pilots in the Pacific and Atlantic Theatres of War report the presence of "Foo Fighters"

January 27, 1945:

U.S. Major Edwin Lessner warns that Nazis are recruiting children as young as 14 to be tranformed into werewolves,...

February 14, 1945:

Allied forces capture a "vimana" weapon at Prague, Czechoslovakia, hastening the end of the Second Great War;....

February 24, 1945:

Battle of Mandalay Bay: British and American military forces capture Meiktila, a major source of the "Vimanas" construction in Burma, fueling Allied morale in the Pacific Theater of War,.....

March 3, 1945:

Allied OSS officials report an immense and "mysterious explosion" in Thuringia by German military forces fueling concern amongst Allied forces,... March 23, 1945:

Joseph Goebbels and Adolf Hitler announce plans for the distribution werewolf serums nationwide to launch a "Last Defense" against the Allies,.

April 1, 1945:

Battle of Okinawa; Japanese forces report being attacked by "flying, winged humanoids" resembling giant bats, sparking international attention and concern,....

April 14, 1945:

Nazi scientist Professor Maria Orsic disappears in Berlin, under strange circumstances, saying she was "going to Aldebran,..."

April 25, 1945:

U.S. B-29 bombers devastate the Japanese nuclear project at Fukushima under Yoshio Nishina, preventing Axis use of nuclear weapons,...

May 13, 1945:

Battle of Pokuku: British and American military forces clash with Indian forces at the Irrawaddy River, India, despite the threat presented by "Vimanas" by Indian forces,....

May 14, 1945:

U.S. General George S. Patton announces the capture of the "Spear of Loginus" (a.k.a. "Spear of Destiny") in Prague, Czechoslovakia, amidst heavy German resistance,...

Soviet forces capture a "vimana" in Regen, Germany; Soviet officials led by Joseph Stalin refuse to share the device or information regarding the device fuels tensions between the Soviet leadership and the Western Allies,..

Hideo Tomanaga and Genzo Shoji are smuggled out of Tokyo, in an effort to insure the deployment of the Silver Samurai weapon by German U-Boat,...

May 24, 1945:

Jerusalem Riots; British forces trigger riots across Palestine after demanding the extradition of Mohammed Amin al-Husseini for his alliance with Hitler,...

May 25, 1945:

Battle of Okinawa; Japanese forces report being attacked by Dwarven beings "Kijimuna" in the Rykyu Islands of Okinawa, fueling concern amongst Japanese military officials,....

Battle of Dakar; German vimanas clash with American and British forces over Dakar, Senegal, the last Axis offensive on the African Continent,...

June 5, 1945

As a last ditch effort, the Nazi's unleash a demon possessed creature against the Soviets in eastern Germany.

June 25, 1945:

Japanese "foo fighters" set fire to Honolulu, Hawaii, in the last Japanese strike on American airspace, forcing calls for unconditional surrender,...

July 15, 1945:

Kanto Disaster; Japanese military forces call for the evacuation of Kanto, after American bombing of the temple at Kanto, triggering a "demonic ghost eruption",.....

[tenth-sentence]

The journalist had assumed that the announcement was mere propaganda and hoped that the Professor would confirm that it was a lie.

"Brighter than a Thousand Suns: A Personal History of the Atomic Scientists" - Robert Jungk, translated by James Cleugh

[whats-in-a-sentence]

On 7 August at 9 a.m. an officer of the Japanese Army Air Force called at the laboratory of Yoshio Nishina, the best known of the Japanese atomic scientists, which had suffered severe damage in a previous air raid.

"Brighter than a Thousand Suns: A Personal History of the Atomic Scientists" - Robert Jungk, translated by James Cleugh