I have a wylde idea
I’ll share it with you all, just for fun.
In my mind, the guards and principles of fighting with a two-handed sword such as the longsword, can be applied to fighting with the Arming Sword.
To my knowledge, there is no treatise that covers the single-handed medieval sword in use without a buckler, however there must have been instances in which individuals fought with a single-handed sword, and without something in their off-hand, and I believe the guards of the longsword can be adapted for that purpose. For this post, I’ll be sticking to Italian longsword, since that’s what I know best.
We shall begin with the guards of Fiore Furlano de’i Liberi de Cividale d’Austria.
(Why would he start there? Say that image looks kinda familiar…)
There are twelve main guards for the two-handed sword in Fiore’s manuscripts, and one of the most popular is the Posta di Donna, the Woman’s Position.
This posta is quite simple to adapt. Simply removing the off-hand from the sword and retaining the same position creates a comfortable and useful guard for the one-handed sword.
Richard Marsden, in his interpretation of how Polish sabre is used, mentions a very similar guard, with the sword lying on the shoulder and either the strong or the weak leg leading, so we know that a similar guard exists for other one-handed weapons.
This interpretation works just as well with the other versions of Donna that Fiore shows.
The next is the Dente di Cinghairo, Boar’s Tooth.
Boar’s tooth is an odd one, and shoving the pommel of a one-handed sword into your weak side hip isn’t the most comfortable position, however if you relax enough it is possible and sustainable, and creates a good opportunity to utilize Riversi Sottani, ascending cut from the left side, often with the false edge.
We see something not dissimilar to this with Marrozzo’s Coda Lunga e Stretta.
It is held low and, as Marozzo says, “strongly to the right of your enemy,” which would be your left, placing the sword inside the leading leg. By simply dropping the point and retracting the hand, we have our single-handed Dente di Cinghairo.
The next two are very simple. Fiore’s Posta Longa, Long Position.
This position simply requires the extension of the arm with the point on line, a position we see in rapier all the time.
Equally, Posta Breve, Short Position, is the same position, but with the arm tucked back a bit further.
Both of these positions are good for thrusts.
Porta di Ferro Mezzana, Middle Iron Gate, is another easy one to mimic, though it has no single-handed parallels that occur to me.
It is, however, an excellent position for both the thrust, and for the sottani, the rising cuts.
Now, the infamous Posta di Bicorno, the Two Horn or Anvil Position.
Bicorno is a difficult enough guard to deal with on its own, just look at the thing. It’s very confusing, and I’ve see a large number of interpretations in its use. Guy Windsor, a very knowledgeable HEMAist wrote an entire essay on how he got to his interpretation of Bicorno.
That being said, most interpretations have the lead hand in what could be described as a convoluted prime position, with the fingernails pointing to the right, and the knuckles toward the sky. This position is sustainable with the one-handed sword, and allows you to move the tip of the sword swiftly without much movement.
Fiore’s Posta di Coda Longa, Position of the Long Tail, is another simple one, and one we see in sword and buckler fighting.
Simply swing the sword back behind you, and you’re now in a position where the opponent can’t judge the length of your sword (and therefore if you can hit them or not,) and you can preform all seven of Fiore’s blows of the sword from this position.
As I said before, Long Tail shows up in sword and buckler systems, notably the I.33 (0.33)
We’re closing in on the last of Fiore’s guards, and this is when things begin to get more complicated.
Fiore’s Posta di Fenestra, Window Position, is entirely doable with the on-handed sword, however has no parallels to my knowledge in other one-handed sword systems.
It does, however, provide an excellent place to throw all of the blows from, and is a highly mutable guard.
Next is Posta Frontale, Front Position, also known as Posta di Corona, Position of the Crown.
A curious guard, and another of the more divisive ones. It’s clearly easy to mimic with the one-handed sword, however it leaves your hands terribly exposed.
Therefore, this is not a guard to hold for long spans of time, as several of the others are. Rather, it’s a position to be taken in specific circumstances, possibly such as when the swords cross, or when you’re preforming the combination of attacks Fiore details in the posta’s description.
We’re into Fiore’s last two now.
Dente di Cinghairo Mezzana, or Middle Boar’s Tooth, is much like Boar’s tooth, but weighted on the back leg.
Entirely plausible with one hand, however what I find interesting is that, if the point of the sword is turned around so that it faces the rear, it’s much like the primary posta shown by Fiore for his use of the sword in one hand.
Fiore’s final guard, and the biggest wrench in my ideal machine, is Tutta di Porta Ferro, Full Iron Gate.
This position cannot be held with a one-handed sword. It’s too awkward for the wrist, simply uncomfortable and impractical. So, I started toying around with it. What could be like this, and work with the one-handed sword?
The solution was rather simple. I simply turned my hand over so the sword was leaning over my left leg with the point off to the left. A similar position, but a comfortable one for the leading wrist.
The position felt familiar to me however, as though I’d seen it before, so I switched leading legs and found myself here
in the guard sometimes known as Alber, and shown in a number of German treatises, often with the messer.
I then noted that if, from this position, you placed your weight on the back leg rather than the front, you would wind up in Fiore’s very one-handed sword position that I pictured before.
This final guard is certainly the largest issue with my hypothesis, as the guard simply cannot be held as shown with the one-handed sword, and finding a comfortable position means changing the guard quite significantly, to the point of questioning if one should even call it the same guard. However, I believe that with the previous guards, I have provided enough support to my hypothesis to consider its validity.
In the interest of cutting an immense post short, I will speak only on two guards of the other Italian longsword master, Philippo di Vadi Pisano. I will begin with Posta di Falcone, the Position of the Falcon.
This posta is exhibited in German longsword fighting as well, where it’s known as Roof, and it appears in messer fighting under the same name.
Thus, the Posta di Falcone is a simple guard to mimic with the one-handed sword.
The final posta is Vadi’s Posta di Vera Finestra, Position of the True Window.
This one is a curious one, with the sword up and behind the head, however it’s sustainable with the one-handed sword, and even has precedent in Fiore’s own manuscript.
The man in the middle is holding a very similar position.
I feel that an important note to end on is that there is no historical evidence that this was ever done, and there is little evidence to support the idea that people frequently fought with nothing but a single-handed sword in the first place.
This is simply an idea of mine on the potential application of the principles of fighting with the two-handed sword to fighting with the one-handed sword. I hope this post has been entertaining, educational, or both, and I would love to hear rebuttals and additions to the idea. Cheers!
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