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Some Common Construction Myths

Labor shortage occurs when the number of open jobs exceeds available talent. Nearly five in 10 construction workers are 45 years old and above and many are expected to retire in the coming years. Construction myths and misconceptions are some of the reasons many people, especially younger generations, shun construction work.

One of the most limiting construction myths is that construction is for the unskilled – work for people who can’t get a job anywhere else. Some people even believe that one can work construction with little if any formal training. Construction is evolving, with technologies and tools only skilled personnel can manage. Construction prioritizes professionalism, as evidenced by college graduates working in the field. Even those who learn by apprenticeship undergo specialist training that the government recognizes.

There's also the notion that construction is just about simple build processes, tools, and equipment. Contrary to this myth, construction incorporates experts from diverse fields - economists, planners, environmentalists, and engineers - who employ advanced materials, equipment, and processes.

Many young people shy away from construction because they believe it’s work with little opportunity for advancement. Construction offers and encourages career progression with significant learning opportunities. For example, one can go from worker to supervisor to project manager, progressing just as they would in any hierarchical setup.

There’s also the myth that construction doesn’t pay well. A flooring installer and tile setter in the US earns around $50,000 annually. That’s about the same salary as an agricultural worker. Some construction jobs pay upwards of $100,000.

In 2022, approximately 14 percent of US construction workers were women. Stereotypes around the nature of construction jobs being masculine play a role in the underrepresentation of women. This misconception may be rooted in part in the inaccurate media portrayal of construction workers, who are almost always men. Consequently, fewer women than men are willing to enter construction, reinforcing the lopsided image. However, women can thrive in construction.

People who view women as ill-suited for construction see it as only about being on-site. While women can handle difficult site work, construction is more than digging, shoveling, or stone laying. It's a whole industry with both front-end and back-end works, all geared toward building and construction. Construction needs all the able people it can get, women included.

Although construction is not without risk of injury, it’s not as perilous as many people believe it to be. Today’s construction sites are being made safer thanks to significant improvements in personal protective equipment and ever-evolving industry safety standards.

The future success of the construction industry hinges on its ability to attract and retain a younger workforce. The field needs younger workers to replace older workers and to inject fresh ideas. Therefore, stakeholders must work harder to counter myths that depict the space as unappealing.

Highlighting AI and robotics in action in construction will help counter the notion that the construction industry is not innovative. Emphasizing the positives, cultivating a welcoming work culture, and adhering to industry safety standards will help inspire the next generation to join and thrive in construction.

The 21st century construction industry isn't without challenges, but it is vastly different from that of decades ago. It’s more technologically advanced, meaning it’s safer, less demanding, and better paying. Moreover, there’s more to construction than building sites. It’s a respectable career, and one with real career advancement opportunities for both men and women.

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Harvesting Timing in Wine Making

Harvest timing is crucial in winemaking, as it directly influences the flavor and quality of the wine. To determine the optimal time for harvest, winemakers consider sensory evaluation, environmental factors, and scientific analysis. Key elements that affect harvest timing include climate, weather conditions, sugar levels, acidity, and pH.

Weather plays an important role in determining the harvest time. For instance, heat waves or heavy rain showers tend to delay the harvesting process. Also, weather determines the development of the grapes. Cooler climates cause the grapes to ripen slower, resulting in a tart flavor. Conversely, warmer climatic conditions cause the grapes to ripen faster, giving them a sweeter taste and higher alcohol levels.

Also, grape growers usually work with winemakers to determine the sugar, acidity, and pH levels of the grapes before harvest. When grapes begin to hit maturity, their sugar levels begin to rise. To measure the sugar levels, grape growers use a refractometer, which records the data in “Brix” (Bx). Winemakers usually look for a specific Brix level, depending on their wine style.

One sign that grapes are almost entering harvest season is that they begin to turn from green to a purple-red color or a translucent gold. During this period, the grapes also tend to get larger and feel softer in the hand. At this point, grape growers and winemakers begin to check out the fruit every day. They usually taste the grapes to determine their tannins, sugar, and acidity balance.

As the sugar levels in grapes rise, their acidity begins to decrease. Acidity is essential for balance and structure in wine, with tartaric acid being a key component. Measuring titratable acidity, or “TA,” helps determine ripeness. Grapes harvested early tend to retain higher acidity, which is crucial for certain wines like champagne, chablis, and pinot noir. In contrast, some wines require more mature grapes, which are left on the vine until later in the season.

The pH level is another important factor in determining grape ripeness. When there are low pH levels in grapes, it means that there is a very high concentration of acids in the grape. So, as the grapes ripen, their pH levels become high. A very high pH level indicates that the grape is overripe.

Grape growers harvest grapes either through mechanical or hand picking. Most grape growers opt for hand picking because it is gentler on the grapes, and it helps to retain their quality. This method also helps to pick grapes in vineyards that do not support the access of heavy mechanical harvesters. Hand picking requires a grape hook knife to cull and pick the grapes.

Mechanical picking involves the use of large machines to make the picking process easier and faster. Although these machines are typically harsh on the grapes, the ease of harvesting is more important to some vine keepers. With mechanical harvesting, trunk shakers or pivotal strikers usually remove the grapes from the vine. The pivotal strikers use a type of horizontal rod that hits the canopy of the vine and shakes the grape off the vine. Trunk shakers tend to move the rails back and forth, shaking the top of the trunk and making the grapes fall off. These mechanical processes often damage the grapes, causing most farmers to avoid them.

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Why the Old Practice of Grape Stomping Offers Benefits

Foot trodding (also treaders), or grape stomping, involves winemakers smashing grapes to bits to release juice and pulp. Today, wineries have replaced grape stomping with machines that process grapes. However, grape stomping offers winemakers a few advantages.

Grape stomping hails back to Ancient Greece and Rome, with winemakers during this era believing that foot stomping held benefits in preserving the wines. As winemaking evolved, grape stomping became part of the culture, with communities doing it during festivities and social interaction. Often, grape stomping was a community affair, drawing residents together. Wine innovation created machines that enable producers to process more grapes in a more sanitary way. Today, some wineries rely on grape stomping to produce certain wines.

Grapes are processed for wine production in one of two ways: crushing (red wine) or pressing (white wine). The purpose of crushing red wine is so that the pigment from the fruit's skin mixes with the juice. Grapes for white wine are pressed so that the skin and the juice remain separate. Rosé wines can be made using either method.

Grape stomping allows winemakers to better control the taste of wine. Unlike machines, which crush the grapes, skins, and seeds uniformly, winemakers can adjust how much they mash the grapes using traditional methods. This includes determining the extent to which the grapes break and how they break. For wineries that focus on specific wines, grape stomping preserves flavors that could be lost in machine processing due to over-extraction. Experienced winemakers can also use their sense of touch to adjust the grape skin-to-juice ratio. Finally, grape stomping avoids the bitterness that can come from crushed grape seeds, while machine-crushed grapes may lead to a more bitter taste. As a result, the wine has a smoother, more delicate flavor.

Some experts state that grape stomping is a more natural process than that done through machines. They believe that stomping facilitates the growth of yeast on the grape skin, promoting fermentation. This activity further contributes to an enhanced terroir and wine expression, with terroir referring to the climate, soil, microorganisms, and vineyard topography that play a role in wine tasting.

For some, grape stomping produces wine that many feel is more authentic than machine-processed grapes. A centuries-old tradition, grape stomping enables winemakers to connect to their heritage and to the craft, romance, and heritage aspects of winemaking. It also engenders a sense of nostalgia for the tradition of winemaking.

Surprisingly, grape stomping still takes place throughout Europe and in California. In Europe, wineries in the Douro Valley (Portugal), La Rioja (Spain), and Tuscany (Italy) still engage in grape stomping as part of the grape crushing process. Napa Valley (California) wineries continue to use grape stomping to process their grapes. Wine enthusiasts might also see grape stomping as part of festivals that celebrate this age-old practice because, as in times past, this activity still unites community members in a place where they can laugh, drink, and talk about the process.

While the possibility of someone's toe jam mixing with grape juice is a disadvantage (and unappealing), this is small, considering the wine is left in open-air vats. According to a May 2023 Wine Enthusiast article, toe jam is the least of your worries when bird droppings and slug slime falling into the vats are also real possibilities. Even so, there is nothing to worry about because, during the fermentation process, many of the pathogens are removed.

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An Overview of Winemaking at Home

Individuals can make wine from any fruit capable of producing yeast, a process called alcoholic fermentation. There are no comprehensive guidelines for making your own wine at home. However, there are a few basic steps that you can follow.

Yeast consumes fruit sugar, producing alcohol and carbon dioxide. As fermentation progresses, sugar decreases while alcohol levels rise. Wine's unique taste and aroma come from trace chemicals formed during fermentation and improve with proper aging.

While some people can use berries and fruits to make wine, grapes remain the preferred choice for many. Grapes have a consistent sugar level, producing enough alcohol to preserve the beverage. Other fruits may not contain the required acids, esters, and tannins to produce a consistent, natural, and stable wine.

Before making wine at home, you need basic equipment and an understanding of the legal obligations. This equipment includes a fermentation vessel, airlock, siphon, bottles, and brewing sanitizer.

The fermentation vessel holds the wine as it ferments. Ideally, you should have multiple vessels, as this helps periodically transfer wine from one container to another, leaving the sediment behind. The vessel should also be leak-free and easy to clean. An airlock is a one-way valve that prevents outside air from entering the fermentation vessel, allowing carbon dioxide to escape.

A siphon is a piece of tubing that helps transfer wine from one fermentation vessel to another. It is useful because it moves the fermented wine without disturbing the sediment, producing a finished wine with good clarity. A siphon also prevents oxygen exposure, reducing the risk of spoilage.

Bottles, such as mason jars, Grolsch bottles, and regular wine bottles, store the finished product. A wine bottle is the best option because it is reusable. The corks you use should allow some air to enter the wine, a process called breathing. It will enable the wine to age and improve in quality. Grolsch bottles are also a good option because they are reusable and come with an attached cap.

Last, a brewing sanitizer helps keep everything clean to prevent contamination. It prevents infections by organisms such as acetic acid bacteria that may turn the wine into vinegar. The best option is an oxygen-based brewing sanitizer since it instantly sanitizes equipment once it is in contact with it. Thus, you don’t necessarily have to rinse equipment and can proceed with brewing.

There is also a legal obligation concerning winemaking at home. Accordingly, Federal law permits a family head to produce up to 200 gallons of wine per year for personal use without taxation.

The basic principles apply to both white wine and red wine. The first step is to harvest the grapes. Harvest these fruits at a specific time, such as when they become physiologically ripe. To determine this, you need science and taste testing, with advice from consultants, winemakers, vineyard managers, and owners. Handpicking the grapes is better than mechanical harvesting since machines occasionally damage the fruits.

After harvesting, sort the fruits carefully to remove rotten and underripe ones. The next step is crushing and pressing. Winemaking has shifted from traditional foot stomping to mechanical crushing, improving sanitation and quality. The grapes can sometimes ferment from the inside before crushing them, allowing their natural weight to burst the skins.

Fermentation follows. Fermentation begins naturally or through added yeast and converts sugar to alcohol in about 10 days to a month. Alcohol levels vary by climate, with cool climates resulting in 10 percent alcohol and warm climates resulting in 15 percent alcohol, both considered normal levels—notably, sweet wine results from stopping fermentation early.

After fermentation, wine can be clarified by racking, filtering, or fining. During this process, solids settle, or you can remove them using filters or additives like egg whites or clay, preparing the wine for aging or bottling.

The last step is aging and bottling. You can bottle the wine immediately or allow it to age further. You can age the wine in small barrels, ceramic containers, or stainless steel tanks.

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Technologies That Can Impact Your Travel Experience

Traveling sets one in a position to enjoy new experiences, meet new people, and experience a host of other cultures. However, when it is not properly planned and executed with the right tools, traveling can become a bore and be stressful. Technology has made traveling a hassle-free and fun experience. Technological innovations like augmented reality (AR), virtual maps, and translators are providing more enjoyable experiences for travelers across the globe.

Today, people now travel with AI-powered travel assistants. AI-powered assistants like Apple’s Siri and Google Assistant allow one to access real-time information available to travelers in a particular destination. These travel assistants often help with personalized itineraries. They can help one to plan their travel itinerary based on their interests, preferences, and hobbies. They also help to translate conversations and signposts, reducing communication barriers. These assistants can also help with flight and hotel booking, comparing different prices and aggregating reviews.

Augmented reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) can ensure that the traveling experience is more engaging and immersive. With AR and VR, one can get a 3D glimpse of their destination before they even arrive. There are AR travel apps like Wikituide and Google Lens that can provide 3D depictions of specific landmarks and attractions. Similarly, platforms like Oculus and YouVisit offer travelers virtual experiences of famous destinations and hotels, helping the traveler to properly plan their trip. Also, there are AR tools that help travelers navigate through strange cities, providing them with interactive maps and 2D overlays of landmarks.

Traveling involves a great deal of purchases and financial transactions. With technology, carrying cash around is becoming increasingly unnecessary. Mobile payment solutions like Google Pay and Apple Pay facilitate mobile payment and contactless transactions. This means that checkouts are now easier and faster. Mobile payments are designed to encrypt transactions, reducing the possibility of theft and fraud. Converting to the local currency might come with some hassles. However, with mobile payment, you do not need to go through such tedious processes because some mobile payment platforms have real-time currency conversion and exchange rate features.

Hotels are increasingly embracing technology to create a more seamless and personalized experience for their guests. Many modern hotels now integrate smart technology, using IoT (Internet of Things) devices to enhance comfort and convenience. Features like keyless entry allow guests to unlock their rooms using a mobile app, eliminating the need for traditional key cards. In-room smart controls, powered by voice-activated assistants like Alexa and Google Home, enable guests to adjust lighting, temperature, and entertainment settings with simple voice commands, making their stay more enjoyable and hassle-free.

Staying connected while traveling has become a top priority, and advancements in internet technology are making it easier than ever. eSIM cards allow travelers to switch between networks without needing a physical SIM card, ensuring smooth connectivity across different regions. Portable Wi-Fi hotspots, such as Skyroam and GlocalMe, provide reliable internet access even in remote areas. Meanwhile, the expansion of 5G networks has significantly improved connectivity speeds, allowing for uninterrupted video calls, smooth online streaming, and real-time navigation, all of which enhance the overall travel experience.

In addition to connectivity and smart room features, hotels are introducing AI-powered services to streamline operations and improve guest interactions. Robot concierge services are now assisting with check-ins, luggage handling, and room service, offering a unique and efficient alternative to traditional hospitality staff. Some hotels have also implemented facial recognition check-ins, allowing guests to quickly and securely access their rooms without the hassle of physical identification. These innovations not only enhance convenience but also contribute to a more efficient and futuristic hotel experience.

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Understanding Collegiate Rowing

Rowing is а full-body sport where athletes use oars (long, slender poles with a flat blade at one end) to propel boats. Beyond physical benefits, it offers scenic engagement and social opportunities. Collegiate rowing transforms this sport into a structured, competitive activity within higher learning institutions.

The origins of collegiate rowing trace back to mid-19th century New Hampshire. The first intercollegiate race was in 1852. Harvard’s team, rowing on Oneida (boat), defeated Yale's Shawmut on Lake Winnipesaukee. Then, the introduction of sliding seats two decades later revolutionized technique and speed. Harvard's heavyweight program dominated early competition, securing national championships and Olympic medals. Women's crews emerged in 1972. Through the 1980s-90s, both heavyweight and lightweight programs excelled in national championships and international regattas like Henley. Yale's program exemplifies sustained excellence with consistent championship performances since 1980.

There are three main types of collegiate rowing programs. The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) governs one category, offering varsity programs with scholarships. NCAA rowing encompasses Divisions I to III. Recruitment emphasizes physical characteristics, ergometer performance (rowing machine time trials), character assessment, and high school credentials (including a 2.3 GPA minimum). The NCAA also conducts rowing championships.

The Intercollegiate Rowing Association (IRA) also sponsors events, including the National Championship Regatta for men's and women's lightweight rowing. IRA recruitment prioritizes character, physical attributes, and ergometer times. Rowing scholarships are primarily available for women, with limited opportunities for men. The American Collegiate Rowing Association (ACRA) encompasses club-level collegiate programs outside NCAA/IRA governance. ACRA recruitment involves on-campus tryouts alongside NCAA/IRA selection criteria. However, ACRA does not offer athletic scholarships; participants must self-fund team participation. ACRA also conducts its own National Championship Regatta.

Program selection necessitates logistical considerations, such as boathouse and campus fitness facility proximity. Team culture is equally critical: evaluate team dynamics, academic support quality, and the overall supportive environment for personal growth and success. Prospective rowers should assess their fit within the coach's recruitment strategy to gauge admission prospects. Knowing the limits of coach application support and historical success rates is also important. Finally, rowers should investigate scholarship availability (some programs offer no scholarships) and athlete benefits, such as housing.

Collegiate rowing competitions, often contested over a 2000-meter course (NCAA standard), feature multiple university teams racing eight-person boats. Races often involve two to four teams; the first to finish wins. Collegiate rowing also features head races, which are longer distance events covering 2.5 to three miles.

Before the competition, rowers must master rowing fundamentals, including water safety, safety protocols, physical conditioning, and basic terminology. Common terminologies include crew (team or racing boat), regatta (rowing race or event series), swing (synchronized oar movement), coxswain (crew leader and race tactician), and stroke (the rower closest to the stern, setting pace and rhythm for their crew).

Rowing proficiency necessitates avoiding rookie mistakes such as splashing during oar strokes, which creates drag and decelerates the boat. Teams must achieve solid chemistry, exemplified by achieving a perfect "swing." These smooth, synchronized oar movements allow for efficient propulsion, which can determine close races. The coxswain, in a leadership and strategic capacity, manages the crew and implements tactics like "power 10s"- a command for ten forceful strokes to accelerate during critical race segments.

Collegiate rowing clubs can face unique challenges. Unlike coach-directed programs with centralized authority over budgeting, safety, and athlete selection, student-managed clubs can place substantial responsibility on executives. These clubs necessitate extensive fundraising efforts to sustain operations. Support for rowing programs includes financial contributions, resource allocation, and educational initiatives. Advocacy proves crucial for securing adequate funding and opportunities within university frameworks. Resource development, such as coaching manuals and guides, enhances program effectiveness.

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UCANE Supports the Underground Utility Construction Industry

The Utility Contractors Association of New England, Inc. (UCANE) represents 250 principal contractors and industry experts in New England and Massachusetts who construct underground infrastructure such as sewer, fiber optic, and electrical systems. These individuals and companies serve clients such as the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority (MWRA) and Boston Water & Sewer Commission (BWSC).

UCANE advocates for increased infrastructure funding to address drinking water and wastewater project shortfalls. Streamlining and expediting bidding for projects and ensuring а fair process for contractors is one of the key objectives. Partnerships with the local government and the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection (MassDEP) facilitate State Revolving Loan Fund Program (SRF) access. UCANE also supports state agencies providing clean drinking water, controlling waste pollution, and protecting public and recreational areas such as harbors and beaches.

Professionals holding executive positions in various companies comprise the Association's leadership. Top officers represent firms such as C.C. Construction, Inc., GVC Construction, Inc., RJV Construction, and R.H. White Construction Co., Inc. A 28-member board of directors governs the organization. Specialized committees manage budgets, government relations, safety, scholarships, and field specifications.

The Association has achieved significant milestones over the year. Advocacy efforts secured $500 million in funding for state and local underground utility projects. UCANE helped enact the Federal Clean Water Act of 1974, which established the initial framework for regulating pollutant discharge into national waterways. In the 1980s, UCANE was pivotal in creating the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority (MWRA), which now serves 60 Metro Boston communities. Through persistent lobbying, UCANE also helped establish the State Revolving Loan Fund Program (SRF), which provides low-cost loans to municipalities for water and sewer infrastructure projects.

Membership support strengthens UCANE's influence in securing funding to advance its mission. Those interested can join at two primary levels: associate and contractor. The associate tier serves businesses providing construction materials, legal services, and other support services to contractor members. Contractor membership is for firms performing utility construction. This category features six tiers, differentiated by annual business volume. Tier 1 is for businesses with annual volume up to $1 million, tier 2 for $1-$3 million, and so on; the highest tier (contractor tier 6) is for those with an annual volume of $20M and above.

In addition, membership provides companies with various benefits. Events and meetings facilitate networking and business relationship development. Advocacy efforts protect business interests by mitigating the impact of burdensome regulations while lobbying secures adequate funding. Hinckley Allen LLP, UCANE's legal counsel, provides members with free legal advice. As a safety-first association, UCANE keeps members updated on Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulations. Members also receive discounted rates on safety and construction training, including courses on OSHA standards and asbestos cement pipe removal.

UCANE has several publications discussing the trends in the utility construction sector. Construction Outlook magazine, a complimentary monthly publication, delivers industry news, legislative updates, member company profiles, and best practices. Construction Outlook Advertisers directory lists advertisers supporting the publication, allowing members to access their products and services directly. Safety manuals offered by UCANE emphasize maintaining safe work environments, detail procedures for reporting injuries and fatalities, and outline the responsibilities of a competent person in construction.

Finally, the Association's scholarship program supports industry workforce development. Eligible applicants include a child or grandchild of a UCANE member or an employee (in good standing) of a member company. Applicants must be high school seniors planning to enroll in accredited colleges, universities, or technical schools for two- or four-year programs. Scholarship selection prioritizes good academic achievement, application completeness, and faculty/advisor or principal recommendations. Recipients can receive up to $3,000 to support their education.

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Common Causes of Construction Projects Going Over Budget

Going over budget is common in construction, especially with large public projects. They may even go 100 percent over budget, as was the case with Boston, Massachusetts’ Big Dig, a expansive project that rerouted part of Interstate 93 through a tunnel and extended Interstate 90. The project was begun in 1991 and completed in 2007 at a cost of about $15 billion.

Construction projects go over budget for several reasons. Infrastructure projects and commercial construction projects are complex, multiyear endeavors. They encompass multiple phases, from planning to design, permitting, land acquisition, and construction. Between these phases are multiple engagements with engineers, surveyors, contractors, lenders, public officials, and community stakeholders. Thus, getting an accurate estimate of the cost of a project at the planning stage is difficult.

Reasons for going over budget include poor estimates. Estimators often work with limited information. For example, they may not know the material costs in a new area or whether local equipment rental companies have the needed equipment. Given that they often cannot access this information due to strict work timelines, they are prone to making errors.

Delays also cause construction projects to go over budget. Delays in acquiring permits, receiving materials from suppliers, and accessing funding slow down projects, translating into higher labor and utility costs.

"Scope creep" is another issue. As a construction project continues, more people get involved. In infrastructure projects, public officials may pressure planners for design changes while community interest groups submit their requests. As a result, contractors have to add features to projects to appease emerging stakeholders. This comes at a cost.

Unforeseen issues add problems. Forecasting material shortages, labor issues, poor weather conditions, and natural disasters is difficult if not impossible. Then there are construction site challenges. For example, difficult rock and soil formations may require engineers to make costly adjustments to their designs. Construction projects also exceed their budget because of poor managerial oversight and inflation, especially with multi-year projects.

However, construction professionals can take steps to limit cost overruns. The first step is taking more time at the estimation stage to gather as much information as possible. Engineers can even start researching projects before the bid is released or ask for an extension before submitting their bids. Estimators should invite their peers to review their estimates and flag possible errors.

Contractors should work with clients to schedule timelines for releasing funds and have a backup list of suppliers in case one has shipping delays. For permitting, it is best for the contractor to sit with the project owner, log all permits a project will require, and allow enough time to get them. They should also ask municipal officials how much time is typically needed for each permit and factor that in construction planning.

During construction, managers should be hands-on, ensuring work continues as scheduled, construction equipment functions optimally, and materials are available when needed. Managers should identify and correct instances of waste and promptly notify senior leadership of emerging issues such as labor shortages. Managers should further limit external interference while allowing flexibility to alter the initial design.

Finally, engineers should include contingencies in the budgets. Engineers can review similar projects in the area, identify possible issues, and add contingencies to their projects for similar problems.

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What Is Structural Engineering?

Structural engineering, a subfield of civil engineering, focuses on using physics principles, mathematical calculations, and practical experience to create safe and reliable frameworks and load-supporting components for human-made structures. It closely relates to materials science, applied mathematics, and mechanical engineering. A structural engineer can create a structure's framework and plan all construction activities while paying attention to every detail.

They assess the structural strength of every structure in a construction project. Even if the site requires excavation, and a concrete base needs to be established for the structure, a structural engineer can assist with soil analysis and installing columns and supports in the lower levels.

Structural engineering is important in commercial building construction because it helps remodel and renovate. The services of a structural engineer can be sought if a property needs to be renovated. This is crucial if the project impacts how long the property will last. A structural engineer will then gather architectural plans and calculations to help you understand more of the building's design. A structural engineer can also guide you on the legal obligations associated with construction renovations.

Structural engineering helps detect structural damage. When acquiring a house or building, prospective properties must be evaluated for signs of structural damage. Structural engineering services include inspecting buildings for indications of damage, such as sagging ceilings, cracks in the walls, and well-leveled flooring. Anyone can easily spot some of these damages, while others require a qualified engineer.

Another important aspect of structural engineering in commercial building construction is that it helps optimize space. Optimizing space use enhances the productivity and effectiveness of a commercial environment. This is especially relevant to retail, healthcare, leisure, and educational facilities, as the design can significantly influence a visitor's experience in the building. Structural engineers can design flexible environments that adapt to business changes and prioritize consumer preferences by working with an architect.

Structural engineering is also important when it comes to disaster recovery. If you suffer any damage in your commercial building due to severe winds or hurricanes, consulting a structural engineer can be beneficial for recovery after such disasters. They can assess whether the structural stability of your home or commercial building is at risk and assist contractors in identifying the most suitable equipment for the job. To ensure successful recovery and disaster prevention, a report on structural engineering will outline the results and extent of replacements needed for all issues caused by the weather.

The services of a structural engineer are also important in commercial building construction because they are good at solving drainage issues. If drainage issues are not well addressed, it can undermine a building's foundation, lead to expensive damage both outside and inside, and result in water accumulation that freezes during colder temperatures. A structural assessment can determine the leading cause of issues and help with effective strategies to safeguard the durability of your home or building.

Lastly, structural engineering helps with a structural engineering report. This report examines the load-bearing capacity of a building, including its framing, beams, trusses, and foundation. It is a visual inspection that verifies the structure's longevity.

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Importance of OSHA Standards for Construction

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standards refer to a set of requirements and guidelines that the OSHA enforces to minimize the safety and health risks inherent in a workplace. OSHA standards for the construction industry ensure that construction workers are protected from the health and fatal risks inherent in the industry.

The OSHA standards for construction stipulate some of the employer's responsibilities regarding workplace security. The standards require employers to train employees to operate machines and equipment properly and ensure the availability of first aid services and other medical interventions.

The standard also stipulates preventive measures that employers must make available. For instance, they must provide employees with personal protective equipment (PPE). They must also ensure that harmful debris is cleared of working areas during construction.

In 2022, about one out of five workplace deaths happened in the construction industry. Almost half of these deaths can be attributed to incidents like trips, slips, and falls. The construction industry accounted for about half fatal trips, slips, and falls. Properly implementing the OSHA standards for the construction industry can significantly reduce these figures. OSHA sets industry standards that provide education and training and enforce safety guidelines to prevent these accidents. With OSHA, safety becomes integral to the construction company’s operations, significantly reducing the risk of injuries and deaths.

With OSHA standards, employees are empowered and can request more protection and rights from their employers. For instance, employees are more likely to demand a safe working environment free from hazards. When employers do not heed these requests, employees might file complaints with OSHA. Investigations and inspections might be necessary to resolve the dispute.

When the investigation is conducted, and there is a violation on the employer's part, OSHA issues the employer a citation containing a penalty and a stipulated period under which the issues raised must be addressed. This citation must be posted near the violation site as long as the violation persists. Suppose the circumstance poses an imminent risk to the employees. In that case, the employer is expected to correct such issues immediately, or else OSHA might be obligated to shut down the facility or work site.

OSHA offers specialized training and educational programs tailored to the construction industry. These programs help workers and employers recognize and address workplace hazards, use equipment properly, and respond to emergencies effectively. Participating in these sessions can enhance employees' knowledge and skills, leading to a safer work environment and reduced accidents.

A safe workplace is a productive workplace. Employees who feel secure are more focused and can perform their tasks well without concern or fear of accidents. OSHA standards can minimize downtime caused by injuries or safety violations, helping to keep construction projects on track and within budget.

Workplace accidents can also lead to financial setbacks, such as medical costs, workers' compensation claims, and lawsuits. By ensuring OSHA compliance, companies can reduce these risks and prevent accidents before they occur. For example, businesses that adhere to safety regulations might benefit from lower insurance premiums because they are considered less risky to insure.

In the past, workplace safety data was incomplete, particularly for non-fatal injuries and illnesses or deaths from prolonged exposure to hazards like cancer-causing chemicals. OSHA has since introduced encompassing reporting and recording requirements, providing more accurate data to track progress. Employers must promptly report work-related incidents resulting in death, in-patient hospitalization, amputation, or loss of an eye. Additionally, certain employers must document other injuries and illnesses under specific conditions, ensuring accountability and transparency during audits or inspections.

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Challenges Facing the Construction Industry

When some construction companies aren't behind schedule, they're chasing payments due or struggling with poor cash flow. Some are dealing with cost overruns, labor and skill shortages, or worker injuries. These problems impact productivity, profit margins, and business sustainability. Anticipating and planning for them helps construction companies stay on a sound financial footing.

Many construction companies, especially new ones, struggle with cash flow. Contractors need income to pay their bills and staff and procure construction equipment and supplies. One of the leading causes of poor cash flow is failure or delay by project owners in making payments. To reduce delays, contractors should set up and send automated invoices.

Spreading out costs can help overcome the cash flow problem. For example, contractors should finance their supplies and materials purchases - not buy them with cash. Although outside financing results in interest costs, it frees up operating capital. In addition, avoiding under or overbilling maintains cash flow at par with completed tasks.

The construction industry is part of a complex supply chain subject to several forces outside a construction company’s control. For example, some of the steel used in construction comes from China. Geopolitics can lead to shortages, delays, and cost overruns.

Solutions to supply chain disruptions include proper planning and forecasting. These may allow construction companies to procure materials that sustain them throughout a project’s life cycle so that mid-project disruptions do not impact its operations or budget.

Labor and skills shortages are global problems affecting all industries and have affected construction since 2008. Engineers, estimators, and supervisors are in short supply. Moreover, some young people avoid construction, a problem compounded by the exodus of older workers.

The top reason young people shun construction is the perception that it is dangerous. Other constraints include disparities in work ethic and job expectations. Construction companies must address these attitudes if they are to attract a new generation of workers. One solution for skill shortages is widening the pool by hiring more members of underrepresented groups, such as women and minorities.

Six in 10 contractors regard worker safety as a top concern. Construction deaths top all on-the-job fatalities. Although accidents happen, most construction injuries are due to a lack of safety training and noncompliance with safety protocols. Construction companies should organize safety training and ensure workers follow site safety protocols. This will protect their workers and, by extension, the companies' interests. The safer construction sites become, the more appealing the work.

Technology may help mitigate the impact of cost overruns, poor safety, and labor shortages. However, construction has been characteristically slow in technology uptake. Superior technologies mean more accurate cost and material estimations, safer work sites, and a smaller carbon footprint due to greener construction materials and equipment.

Technology will also help address poor risk management. Superior design technology helps mitigate design risks and avoids errors, reworks, and requests for late changes. Freight management and tool tracking software reduce theft and equipment mishandling. Artificial intelligence may help companies avoid compliance issues due to poor environmental impact analysis.

Poor project performance is a culmination of multiple interlinked factors, some outside a contractor’s control. Construction companies also have to deal with ever-changing regulations. Openness to new ways of doing things can help construction companies mitigate impacts of the numerous challenges it faces.

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Wine Myths and Misconceptions

One might think wine would be well understood given humans have been making it for thousands of years. However, it’s hard to attribute one particular factor determining how a given wine tastes. The result is that numerous unfounded beliefs about wine-making and wine consumption have come into being.

One of the most widespread myths is that expensive wine is superior. Price is not necessarily indicative of quality. An affordable bottle of wine can rival a poor-quality wine marketed as upscale. Wine-making techniques, grape variety, and storage conditions determine the quality.

Contrary to popular belief, not all wines taste better with age. The notion that all wines improve with age implies that all wines can be aged, which is untrue. Aging stales most wines. Only a small percentage of wines, those with high tannin and acidity levels, improve with age.

Some people believe that white wine cannot be aged. Aging does make most white wines stale, but some varieties, such as Chardonnay, Riesling, and Burgundy from cool climates, improve with age. They have more acidity and sugar than most white wines, which helps preserve freshness.

There is a common belief that only sparkling and white wines should be chilled. Although red wine’s properties are more pronounced at room temperature, there is no rule against chilling it.

Some people put a metal spoon or fork inside wine before storing it in the refrigerator to keep it fresh longer. Researchers have found this practice ineffective for keeping wine fresh.

There is also the belief that screw-cap wines are low-quality. The perception is that screw caps give wines a cheap, bottle-top look. Screw caps do not imply inferior quality. They are easy to use and prevent the tainting associated with corks. Corks also add to the price of wine because they are made from a limited natural material.

Some believe wines with great “tears” or “legs” are superior. Tears or legs are arch-like droplets formed by swirling wine inside a glass. According to the myth, the more pronounced the droplets, the better the wine. This is untrue. Long legs or tears simply suggest a high alcohol content and rich texture.

The winemaking process also has myths and misconceptions. Many beginners believe that homemade wine takes a long time to produce. It does not, nor does it spoil easily or require expensive equipment. With the availability of ready-to-ferment grapes, winemakers need not buy a grape crusher or grape presser.

Other wine-making myths and misconceptions involve fermentation. Some winemakers swear by wild yeast (present in the grapes and grape yard), others by inoculated yeast (artificial). It’s a matter of preference. Wild yeast is slow, while cultured or inoculated yeast hastens fermentation.

There is also a misconception that a big diurnal shift (temperatures fluctuating between highs and lows) produces grapes that result in great wine. Although a high diurnal shift may result in fresher-than-expected wine, it is not a huge factor.

Several factors do influence wine taste, texture, and quality, such as chemistry, microbiology, geography, soil type, weather, and human physiology. Demystifying wine helps winemakers and enthusiasts appreciate the journey wine takes from the vineyard to the table and leads to informed decision-making, since consumers can tell legitimate claims from marketing gimmicks.

[vincentbarletta]

Six Must-See Destinations for Rowing Enthusiasts

Rowing is among the oldest water sports, although it originated as a means of transportation during ancient civilizations. The Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans used rowing for transportation and warfare. However, by the 18th and 19th centuries, it had evolved into a competitive sport in Europe.

Rowing became popular after several organized clubs were established in Britain, notably along the River Thames. It wasn’t long before the sport spread worldwide, reaching the United States, Australia, and Canada in the early 19th century. Today, rowing is a globally celebrated sport, with countless destinations offering unique and picturesque environments for enthusiasts. Below are six standout rowing destinations around the world.

Lake Bled, a glacial lake nestled in Slovenia’s Julian Alps, is one of the most idyllic rowing destinations. Boasting crystal-clear waters and the iconic Bled Island rising in its center, Lake Bled offers calm, sheltered waters that create perfect conditions for rowing. The lake attracts recreational rowers and elite athletes and hosts numerous international events, including the Bled International Regatta. Rowing enthusiasts enjoy the serene surroundings and the backdrop of Bled Castle, which adds a timeless charm to the rowing experience.

Henley-on-Thames in the United Kingdom is a symbol of the British rowing tradition. The Henley Royal Regatta, established in 1839, is among the most prestigious rowing events in the world. Held on the River Thames, the regatta is known for its strict dress code and exclusive social atmosphere. The river’s narrow course creates fierce competition, and its historic charm and lasting traditions continue to attract both seasoned rowers and newcomers.

In the United States, the Charles River in Boston is among the top rowing destinations. The location is home to the Head of the Charles Regatta, the world’s largest two-day rowing event, held annually since 1965. The river winds through Boston and Cambridge, offering a scenic route with challenging bends and varying currents that test the rowers’ skills. The lively atmosphere, with spectators lining the bridges and riverbanks, adds to the festive yet competitive spirit.

Lucerne, Switzerland, is another iconic rowing destination known for hosting the prestigious World Rowing Cup on the Rotsee. The Rotsee (Lake Rot) has unique geographical features, being long, straight, and sheltered by surrounding hills, which makes it ideal for rowing. The long rowing tradition in Lucerne itself, dating back to 1899, and the city’s beautiful medieval architecture and scenic views of the Swiss Alps continue to draw rowers to the annual three-day event.

Among the most recent additions to the list of iconic rowing destinations, Tokyo Bay in Japan has become an outstanding rowing venue after the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. The Sea Forest Waterway, formerly a shipping channel, is the only saltwater Olympic rowing venue, and features an innovative design in a distinctive industrial setting. In just a few years, Tokyo Bay has established itself as a top destination offering rowers a world-class experience in one of the world’s most vibrant metropolises.

Finally, Rio de Janeiro in Brazil concludes this list with a tropical destination for rowing devotees. Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas became a prominent venue in 2016 when it hosted the Summer Olympics. With challenging winds and breathtaking views of landmarks like Christ the Redeemer, the venue offers a unique experience where the sport meets the enthusiastic and colorful Brazilian culture.

Each of these six rowing destinations offers something unique, from lasting rowing traditions to modern venues and scenic natural landscapes. These are only a few of the many iconic rowing venues across the globe. Other locations worth exploring include Split in Croatia, Amsterdam in the Netherlands, and Chungju in South Korea.

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Reasons to Choose Rowing as a Hobby or Career

Amateurs and professionals can enjoy rowing. For beginners, the learning process relies on mastering instructions from your coach or coxswain and observing rowing technique. Advanced rowers focus on fine-tuning their skills and maximizing the power of every stroke.

For many aspiring rowers, the journey typically begins in high school or college, where they learn the sport basics, rowing technique, endurance, and teamwork. These early formative years also inculcate resilience, discipline, and a strong work ethic. In school or college, competing in local and regional events is often the first step toward gaining racing experience and building confidence. These useful events lay the foundation for more ambitious rowing goals, as athletes can advance to national and even international competitions.

Participating in prestigious events like the Olympics or the World Rowing Championships requires rigorous training and top-tier coaching. Athletes who aspire to reach these heights join elite rowing clubs or professional teams, benefiting from advanced resources and professional support.

Besides being a competitive sport, rowing can open doors to a variety of career opportunities. For example, skilled and experienced rowers can transition into coaches, sharing their expertise with aspiring athletes. Others find fulfilling careers in sports administration or the fitness and wellness industries. Recruiters seek mental toughness, strategic thinking, and passion in rowers.

Moreover, rowers also work on syncing their strokes with others on the team so the boat remains balanced and can realize its shared goals. This teamwork is good at building essential life skills, such as communication and problem-solving, which can have benefits beyond the water. Even those who train solo can develop these skills through interactions and collaboration with their coaches and fellow athletes. The chance to give advice and learn from others helps build leadership qualities, which might benefit those aspiring to become rowing mentors, club captains, or coxswains.

Rowing success requires more than physical strength. This water sport demands complete body awareness and a comprehensive understanding of how every movement in the water contributes to the overall individual or team performance. Rowers develop a connection between their feet, hands, and core as they work to perfect balance and coordination. This intensity demand nurtures mindfulness, as the athletes become attuned to the subtle sensations made by the oars as they glide through the water and the rhythmic boat motion and the water energy beneath them. These moments can be profoundly exhilarating for rowers and often bring great fulfillment.

In addition to its physical challenges, river rowing has mental and emotional benefits. The intense effort often triggers a rush of endorphins, which promote happiness. Rowing is a social sport that strengthens relations among teammates and coaches. The ensuing camaraderie built through shared experiences is likely to form lifelong friendships and memories.

Finally, rowing shapes character and often leaves a lasting impact on participants. It’s a sport that balances power and grace, connection and competition, discipline and fun. The memories created and lessons learned can become an enduring part of an athlete’s identity and legacy. Whether a beginner or pro, rowing can be both a rewarding and transformative experience.