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the 5G LET mimo antenna WH-5G-MM8x2 base fixed
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What determines the communication distance of the wireless module? Selection is very important for antenna
What determines the communication distance of the wireless module? Selection is very important for antenna
2020-2-18 whwireless
The communication distance of wireless module is an important index. How to maximize the effective communication distance has always been a puzzle for customers. In this paper, according to the debugging experience, the selection and use of the antenna are explained, hoping to help engineers quickly debug the communication distance.
The primary parameter affecting the communication distance of the wireless module is the transmission power. The transmission power of the wireless module and the corresponding ideal transmission distance can be found in the manual. On the premise that the transmission power meets the requirements, the selection of the antenna and the directionality of the antenna are considered.
The first is the selection of antenna:
The main specifications of the antenna include the following: frequency range, SWR or VSWR, antenna gain, polarization mode and impedance. The frequency range should be selected as required; the VSWR should be less than 1.5; the antenna gain also affects the transmission distance; the polarization mode can be divided into linear polarization and circular polarization; the impedance needs to match the output impedance of the wireless module, generally 50 ohms. Pay special attention to VSWR parameters here. It is better to test SWR with network analyzer after purchasing antenna.
The comparison table of SWR, return loss and transmission power is shown in Table 1.
It can be seen from the above table that when VSWR = 1.5, the theoretical transmission power is 96%. When VSWR = 2, the transmission power is only 88.9%. Some antenna VSWR indexes are less than 2. When selecting an antenna, the best VSWR is less than 1.5, which can get higher transmission power.
Secondly, antenna directionality:
Antenna has directionality, which means that antenna has different radiation or receiving ability in different directions of space. The antenna directionality is usually measured by using a pattern. Figure 1 shows a pattern of an antenna with a frequency range from 2400mhz to 2500mhz.
When the antenna is placed vertically, the direction with the deepest red color is the direction with the strongest radiation or receiving ability of the antenna. Therefore, when installing the antenna, install the antenna in the direction with the red color as much as possible, so as to ensure good signal quality. In addition, the metal plate has a shielding effect on the signal, so there should be no metal plane in the direction of transmitting and receiving.
There are also some antenna directions shown in the manual, which are represented by two-dimensional drawings, including H-plane and E-plane, as shown in Figure 2
When testing the communication between wireless modules, the directionality of the antenna must be considered. When the communication space is not blocked and the direction of the antenna corresponds to the strongest radiation direction, the communication distance can reach the maximum. If the antenna is not installed properly, the communication distance will become shorter, or even unable to communicate.
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Advantages of Nb IOT wireless communication technology
Advantages of Nb IOT wireless communication technology
Wellhope Communication Equipment Factory
The narrow band Internet of things (NB IOT) is built on the cellular network, which has the advantages of low power consumption, wide coverage, low cost and strong link, making its traditional measurement transmission easy to deploy and manage. The advantages are detailed as follows.
1. Strong link
In the case of the same base station, Nb IOT can provide 50-100 times more access than the existing wireless technology. A sector can support 100000 connections, low latency sensitivity, low device power consumption and optimized network architecture.
Reference link: https://www.whwireless.com/4g-lte-antenna_c1
2. Wide coverage
Compared with LTE, Nb IOT has strong indoor and basement coverage, with a gain of 20dB, which is equivalent to 100 times of coverage area capacity. It can not only meet the needs of wide coverage in rural areas, but also can be applied to plant areas, underground garages, well covers and other applications requiring deep coverage. Take the well cover monitoring as an example. In the past, GPRS needs to extend an antenna, which is very easy to be damaged when vehicles travel. As long as NB IOT is properly deployed, it can solve this problem. Intelligent well cover monitoring has solutions, and provides equipment and solutions for many cities.
3. Low power consumption
Low power consumption is an important indicator requirement for Internet of things applications, especially for some devices and occasions that can't replace batteries frequently, such as various kinds of sensor monitoring devices installed in remote areas of mountains and wilderness, and power voltage monitoring devices, which can't be charged like smart phones one day, so the battery life for several years is the essential demand. NB IOT focuses on small data volume and small rate applications, so the power consumption of Nb IOT equipment can be very small, and the endurance working time of the equipment can be greatly increased from the past few months to several years.
4. Low cost
Compared with Lora and ZigBee, Nb IOT does not need to be rebuilt, and RF and antenna are basically multiplexing. Taking China Mobile as an example, 900MHz has a relatively wide frequency band. Only a part of 2G frequency band needs to be cleared, and LTE and Nb IOT can be deployed directly at the same time. Low speed, low power consumption and low bandwidth also bring low cost advantages to NB IOT chips and modules.
WHWIRELESS
2020-2-7
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Advantages of Nb IOT wireless communication technology
Advantages of Nb IOT wireless communication technology
Wellhope Communication Equipment Factory
The narrow band Internet of things (NB IOT) is built on the cellular network, which has the advantages of low power consumption, wide coverage, low cost and strong link, making its traditional measurement transmission easy to deploy and manage. The advantages are detailed as follows.
1. Strong link
In the case of the same base station, Nb IOT can provide 50-100 times more access than the existing wireless technology. A sector can support 100000 connections, low latency sensitivity, low device power consumption and optimized network architecture.
Reference link: https://www.whwireless.com/4g-lte-antenna_c1
2. Wide coverage
Compared with LTE, Nb IOT has strong indoor and basement coverage, with a gain of 20dB, which is equivalent to 100 times of coverage area capacity. It can not only meet the needs of wide coverage in rural areas, but also can be applied to plant areas, underground garages, well covers and other applications requiring deep coverage. Take the well cover monitoring as an example. In the past, GPRS needs to extend an antenna, which is very easy to be damaged when vehicles travel. As long as NB IOT is properly deployed, it can solve this problem. Intelligent well cover monitoring has solutions, and provides equipment and solutions for many cities.
3. Low power consumption
Low power consumption is an important indicator requirement for Internet of things applications, especially for some devices and occasions that can't replace batteries frequently, such as various kinds of sensor monitoring devices installed in remote areas of mountains and wilderness, and power voltage monitoring devices, which can't be charged like smart phones one day, so the battery life for several years is the essential demand. NB IOT focuses on small data volume and small rate applications, so the power consumption of Nb IOT equipment can be very small, and the endurance working time of the equipment can be greatly increased from the past few months to several years.
4. Low cost
Compared with Lora and ZigBee, Nb IOT does not need to be rebuilt, and RF and antenna are basically multiplexing. Taking China Mobile as an example, 900MHz has a relatively wide frequency band. Only a part of 2G frequency band needs to be cleared, and LTE and Nb IOT can be deployed directly at the same time. Low speed, low power consumption and low bandwidth also bring low cost advantages to NB IOT chips and modules.
WHWIRELESS
2020-1-8
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Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO)
Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) refers to the use of multiple transmit and receive antennas at the transmit and receive ends to transmit and receive signals through multiple antennas at the transmit and receive ends. Communication quality. It can make full use of space resources, realize multiple transmission and multiple reception through multiple antennas, and can increase the system channel capacity by multiple times without increasing spectrum resources and antenna transmission power, showing obvious advantages and being regarded as next generation mobile. The core technology of communication.
The MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) system is a core technology applied to 802.11n.
802.11n is a new wireless LAN technology after IEEE 802.11b\a\g, with a speed of up to 600Mbps. At the same time, proprietary MIMO technology can improve the performance of existing 802.11a/b/g networks. The technique was first proposed by Marconi in 1908, which uses multiple antennas to suppress channel fading. Depending on the number of antennas at both ends of the transceiver, MIMO can also include a SIMO (Single-Input Multi-ple-Output) system and a MISO (Multiple-Input Single-Output) system compared to a conventional SISO (Single-Input Single-Output) system.
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5G base station introduces large-scale array antenna
Massivemimo, that is, large-scale MIMO (multiple input multiple output) technology, aims to greatly improve network capacity and signal quality through more antennas. In principle, it can be compared with Expressway to expand the number of roads to improve traffic flow.
The 5g base station with massivemimo can not only improve the network capacity by multiplexing more wireless signal streams, but also greatly improve the network coverage capacity by beamforming.
By adjusting the spatial distribution of antenna gain, beamforming technology makes the signal energy more concentrated to the target terminal when transmitting, so as to make up for the loss of spatial transmission after signal transmission and greatly improve the network coverage.
Compared with 4G base station, AAU supporting large-scale array antenna technology is the main reason for the significant increase of 5g base station cost.
Screenshot 9.21.43 am February 28, 2019
Antenna size is related to frequency, 5g antenna or 64 channel antenna
According to the principle of wireless communication, in order to ensure the highest conversion efficiency of antenna transmission and reception, the distance between antenna oscillators must be greater than half of the wireless signal wavelength, and the wireless signal wavelength is inversely proportional to the wireless signal frequency (λ = C / F, where C is the speed of light, f is the wireless signal frequency), that is, the higher the signal frequency, the smaller the signal wavelength.
In the future, 5g frequency band in China will be mainly 3.5GHz and 2.6GHz. According to this frequency band, half of the wavelength is about 4.3cm/5.8cm.
According to the current 5g test, the 64 channel massivemimo technology is the mainstream test choice of various equipment manufacturers.
Although the more channels, the higher the performance of the network, but considering the size / weight of the antenna, antenna performance and cost factors, the current operators are also considering the low-cost massivemimo scheme - 16 channels.
In our opinion, if the cost of 64 channel antenna in the early stage of 5g is not reduced to the range accepted by the operator, the operator may give priority to the 16 channel scheme when the deployment and capacity are met.
Screenshot 9.23.33 am February 28, 2019
The 5g base station architecture has changed greatly, and the trend of antenna active is obvious
4G Hongji station is mainly divided into three parts: antenna, RF unit RRU and baseband processing unit BBU deployed in the computer room.
5g network tends to adopt the new wireless access network architecture of AAU + Cu + Du, as shown in the figure below.
The antenna and RF unit RRU will be combined into a new unit AAU (active antenna unit). Besides RRU RF function, AAU will also include some physical layer processing functions.
Screenshot 9.24.35 am February 28, 2019
In the age of 5g, the increasing number of antenna channels and the active antenna have put forward higher requirements for antenna design. Miniaturization and lightweight are the basis.
In 4G era, the antenna configuration is basically 4t4r (FDD) or 8t8r (TDD). According to the current test situation, the 5g era may be dominated by 64t64r large-scale array antenna.
The number of channels has increased by 7-15 times year on year, which means that the demand for RF devices of antenna has increased by 7-15 times year on year. At the same time, the passive part of antenna will be combined with RRU into AAU, which puts forward higher design requirements for the volume and weight of antenna in 5g era.
In the 4G era, the weight of passive antenna + RRU is about 24-34kg, and the weight of 5gaau in the current test is about 45kg, with a year-on-year increase of 32% - 88%. Therefore, in the trend of 5g antenna integration, miniaturization and lightweight become the basis of antenna design.
Screenshot 9.25.32 am February 28, 2019
Large scale array antenna drives a substantial increase in demand for RF components
As mentioned above, we expect that 5g commercial Acer station will be dominated by 64 channel large-scale array antenna. The antenna unit mainly consists of radome, radiation unit and calibration network integrated board.
From the current research and development status of 5g products, in order to achieve new technologies such as beamforming, we predict that 64 channel antenna array will accommodate 64 power amplifiers, 64 switches, 64 PLLs, 64 low-noise amplifiers, 64 filters and other devices in the future.
We believe that the improvement of the demand for RF components will greatly enhance the market space of the base station RF industry, and the high integration demand will also promote the further upgrading of filter, power amplifier and other RF component technologies, and the products will be more miniaturized.
Write By WHWIRELESS
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the screw antenna 2.4GHz or 868MHz customized apply outdoor IP67 waterproof
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The transmission distance of 5G is only 340 meters. Can 5G be used in the field?
How many base stations are built? It depends on the wavelength of electromagnetic wave. The longer the wavelength, the less the base station and the less the investment. However, the longer the wavelength, the less information and data it carries, and the lower the transmission efficiency. Therefore, mobile communication is developing in the direction of shorter wavelength. So, what is the wavelength of 5G? This is determined by the formula: the speed of light = wavelength * frequency. The speed of light is constant. It is 300,000 km per second. The frequency of 5G is 24 gHz-32 gHz. According to the calculation of 28gHz, the wavelength is about 108 mm. Therefore, 5G communication belongs to millimeter wave communication. Its advantages are large transmission bandwidth, high transmission efficiency, but its disadvantages are short transmission distance and easy to be blocked. The cost is high. Compared with 4G, the transmission efficiency is improved by hundreds of times, but the expansion of base station alone is increased by more than 20 times.
At present, the construction density of 4G base stations in cities has basically achieved 500 meters, while in some urban central areas, it has reached 200-300 meters, and even in some areas, the density of base stations can even reach 100 meters. The two main reasons are as follows: first, there are too many high-rise buildings in the city, and the obstruction is serious, so we have to build more base stations; second, the population density in the city is much larger than that in the rural suburbs, considering the user perception, we also have to build more base stations.
In fact, the biggest problem of 5G coverage is still on the upstream, as well as indoor coverage. Because of the high frequency of 5G, the indoor coverage effect will be worse than the current 4G coverage, which is why the user experience speed of Korea and the United States is not so fast after 5G coverage. In fact, the reason why 5G wants to build more base stations in cities is not to say that the city's macro base stations. Now the density of 4G macro base stations in cities is large enough. Maybe more is to build some indoor 5G base stations. In rural areas, there are fewer high-rise buildings and fewer barriers, so there is no need to build a base station with the same density as a city.
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DIY Antenna And Enclosure WLAN,WiFi System Antenna
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Does the longer the antenna length
Does the longer the antenna length, the better the signal it receives? Don't take it for granted, because the theory and practice prove that this statement is unscientific, and the optimal length of the antenna is actually one fourth of the wavelength.
The length of the antenna is determined by the frequency of the transmitted and received signals, that is, the wavelength. When the length of the antenna is 1/4 of the wavelength of the radio signal, the transmitting and receiving conversion efficiency of the antenna is the highest. Therefore, the longer the antenna is, the better the communication antenna is. One fourth of the wavelength is the optimal length of the antenna.
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Connectivity Wireless Solutions antenna 相片擁有者 kin lu
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what is differentiate between FPC and PCB antenna
Understanding the characteristics of PCB antenna and FPC antenna
Internet of Things and intelligent hardware products need antenna to transmit data on the Internet. The smaller the space and the more frequency bands, the more complex the antenna design is. External antennas are generally standard products, suitable frequency band, without debugging, plug and play. For example, express cabinets and vending machines, magnetic antennas are commonly used, which can be sucked onto the iron shell. These antennas can't be placed inside the tin cabinet. Metal can shield the antenna signal, so they can only be placed outside. The advantage is easy to use and cheap, but the disadvantage is that it can not be used in small-sized products.
The antenna length is about 1/4 of the wavelength of electromagnetic wave, so the lower the signal frequency, the longer the antenna length.Therefore, a long pole antenna is needed for a FM radio of about 100 MHz, a walkie-talkie of about 400 MHz, and an external long pole antenna is also needed. The 433MHz wireless serial port commonly used in the Internet of Things is usually also equipped with an external antenna.
SL-Base Station Antenna Plate
Antennas that are made shorter, such as 1/8 or 1/16 wavelengths, can also be used, but the efficiency will decrease. Some devices will adopt "short antenna + LNA" mode, and can also achieve the reception effect of long antenna. However, short antennas need to increase the transmitting power to achieve the effect of long antennas. Therefore, the radio needs to transmit signals, which are long external antennas, while FM radio only receives no transmission, and has built-in receiving antennas. For example, 2G (900MHz), 4G (700-2600MHz), WIFI and Bluetooth (2.4GHz), GPS (1.5GHz), these commonly used Internet of Things communication methods can be used as built-in antennas. For small size products such as handsets, wearable design and smart home, external antennas are seldom used, and built-in antennas are commonly used.The product has high integration, beautiful appearance and slightly weaker performance than the external antenna.
The built-in antennas include ceramic antenna, PCB antenna, FPC/steel antenna and LDS antenna.
Ceramic antenna
Ceramic antenna, the most used in Internet of Things products, is the GPS antenna and Bluetooth antenna.
The advantages are: small space occupation and good performance.
The disadvantage is that it is difficult to achieve multi-band, so it is difficult to be applied in 4G products. The requirement of circuit board clearance is relatively high, and it is not suitable for the products with special compactness.
GPS, Bluetooth and GSM Ceramic Antenna
Slider Board of Deep Connection Circuit Communication Base Station
PCB antenna
As mentioned above, an antenna is a wire of a certain length. This line can also be drawn on the PCB board, which is the PCB antenna.
PCB antenna is widely used in Bluetooth module, WIFI module, ZIGBEE module and other single band module circuit board.
Advantages: There is almost no cost and no need to debug again after one adjustment.
Disadvantage: Only suitable for single band, such as Bluetooth, Wifi. The performance of PCB antennas in different batches will have some deviation.
FPC/steel antenna
Steel sheet and FPC are equivalent to pulling out antenna lines on PCB board and using other external metals to make antenna.
Usually used in low-end mobile phones and smart hardware products with complex frequency bands.
Advantages: Suitable for almost all small electronic products, can do more than 10 bands of complex antenna such as 4G, good performance, low cost.
Disadvantage: It needs to be debugged separately according to each product.
Steel sheet antenna and FPC antenna
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