windsweptscholar

[windsweptscholar]

Editing this reblog to say this is such a wonderful resource. There are some files on Tok Pisin which I am ecstatic about. It’s my second language and I’ve been considering adding it to my blog but ultimately the task of gathering sources was too much at the time. But if anyone is learning Tok Pisin I’d be happy to add it to my blog + put together my own notes and such

Hey did you know I keep a google drive folder with linguistics and language books  that I try to update regularly 

UPDATE because apparently not everyone has seen this yet the new and improved version of this is a MEGA folder

I know there’s so many more urgent things but if you like this resource you may consider buying me a ko-fi

[windsweptscholar]

language resources: UNAEL

trying to revive this blog while doing college ! anyway, here’s a link to a LOT of Latin resources and more: UNAEL, a site focused on ancient, extinct and endangered languages, and from that page:

Thesaurus Anbrutalis (LATIN - links to dictionaries, multilingual dictionaries, books, readers, audio, teaching resources, collections, links to websites, podcasts, filedumps, forums, etc. - it has everything)

AEL Resources: Part 1  |  Part 2 (resources on ancient/endangered languages, a long list of languages): 

Ainu

Akkadian

Ancient Greek

Basque

Basque-Icelandic Pidgin

Burushaski

Carib

Cook Islands Maori

Coptic

Faliscan

Hawaiian

Hittite

Latin

Law French

Manx

Maori

Michif

Middle Chinese

Middle Egyptian

Middle English

Middle High German

Neapolitan

Norn

Occitan

Old Chinese

Old Church Slavonic

Old English

Old French

Old High German

Old Japanese

Old Norse

Old Occitan

Old Saxon

Pali

Phoenician

Pirahã

Proto-Germanic

Proto-Indo-European

Proto-Sino-Tibetan

Proto-Slavic

Punic

Romansh

Saka

Sanskrit

Shipibo-Konibo

Sumerian

Tangut

Tiriyó

Tsez

Walloon

West Frisian

Wymysorys 

[windsweptscholar]

Resources for the 1 Year of Languages Challenge

Link to the original challenge!

Duolingo

Busuu

Drops

Ba Ba Dum

Clozemaster

Wordbrewery

Wordeys

Mango

LinguaLift

Babbel

Udemy

Lingvist

Anki

Memrise

CoolJugator

Italki

HelloTalk

Fluentify

Coffee Strap

Lang-8

Readlang

LingQ

Mondly

Lingua.ly

LanguagePod101

Radio Lingua

FluentU

MindSnacks

101languages

LingoHut

LingoDeer

Beelinguapp

Are there any other language learning resources that you use? 

[windsweptscholar]

Latin – Basic Latin Grammar Pt. 1

Latin 1.2.1 Noun cases, first and second declensions

Latin is an inflected language. It changes form or ending of some words when the way in which they are used in sentences changes.

LATIN NOUNS

Gender (masc., fem., neuter) – depends on the suffix attached to the word

The gender of adj. + noun have to match.

*there are no articles in Latin.

The 5 Basic Noun Cases

case – the particular use of a noun in a sentence.

nominative – the subject

genitive – indicates possession

dative – indirect object

accusative – direct object

ablative – expresses how, when, where, or why

subject – the person or thing being described or performing the action

object – the person or thing that is acted upon by the subject

direct object – receives the action of a sentence; whom, what

indirect object – affected by the action; receives the direct object

Jake(subj.) ate the cereal(DO).

Jake gave me(IO) some cereal.

Declining a Latin Noun

declension – a group of nouns that form their cases the same way

to decline a noun – to list all possible case forms for that noun

First-Declension Nouns (only masc./fem., no neuter)

First-Declension Case Endings

Case                      Singular               Plural

nominative            -a                            -ae

genitive                 -ae                         -arum

dative                   -ae                          -is

accusative            -am                        -as

ablative                -a                           -is

Declining a First-Declension Noun

puella – girl

Case                      Singular               Plural

nominative           puēlla                     puēllae

genitive                puēllae                   puellārum

dative                   puēllae                  puēllis

accusative            puēllam                 puēllas

ablative                puēlla                    puēllis

Ex: Terram agricolarum puella amat.

terram: terra (land); -am – accusative; DO

agricolarum: agricola (farmer); -arum –plural genitive; “of the farmer”

puella: (girl); -a – singular nominative; subject

amat: (love); verb; “she loves”

So then: The girl loves the land of the farmers.

  Second-Declension Nouns

Second-Declension Masc./Fem. Case Endings

Case                      Singular               Plural

nominative              -us (-r)                  -i

genitive                   -i                           -orum

dative                      -o                          -is

accusative              -um                      -os

ablative                   -o                          -is

Declining a Second-Declension Masc. Noun

amicus­ – friend

Case                      Singular               Plural

nominative             amīcus                  amīci

genitive                  amīci                      amicōrum

dative                     amīco                    amīcis

accusative             amīcum                 amīcos

ablative                  amīco                    amīcis

  Second-Declension Neuter Case Endings

Case                      Singular               Plural

nominative              -um                        -a

genitive                   -i                           -orum

dative                      -o                          -is

accusative             -um                        -a

ablative                 -o                            -is

*underlined endings are different from gendered noun endings

Declining a Second-Declension Neuter Noun

saxum – rock

Case                      Singular               Plural

nominative             sāxum                   sāxa

genitive                  sāxi                        saxōrum

dative                     sāxo                       sāxis

accusative              sāxum                   sāxa

ablative                  sāxo                       sāxis

Ex: Portat saxa puella in agua.

portare (to carry)

saxum (rock) – accusative singular (DO)

puella (girl) – nominative singular (Subj.)

agua (water) – ablative singular (where)

So then: The girl in the water carries rocks.

*a Latin dictionary gives the nominative and genitive singular forms

Next Latin post: Latin 1.2.2 Verbs and Tenses Basics

[windsweptscholar]

There’s usually some stigma that the novels published in our current century aren’t as literary & thought-provoking than previous centuries’ novels. Here are some novels published from 2001-Present that are incredibly literary/outstanding!! Feel free to add on & enjoy!!

MAINSTREAM / WELL-KNOWN (these novels can also be critically acclaimed)

The Book Thief by Markus Zusak 

The Fault in Our Stars by John Green 

The Help by Kathryn Stockett 

Life of Pi by Yann Martel 

Room by Emma Donoghue

Eat, Pray, Love by Elizabeth Gilbert

Gone Girl by Gillian Flynn

Thriteen Reasons Why by Jay Asher

Me Before you by Jojo Moyes

The Da Vinci Code by Dan Brown

The Invention of Hugo Cabret by Brian Selznick

1Q84 by Haruki Murakami

FICTION YOU MAY HAVE MISSED

A Thousand Splendid Suns by Khaled housseini

The Time Traveler’s Wife by Audrey Niffenegger

The Lovely Bones by Alice Sebold

The Martian by Andy Weir

Atonement by Ian McEwan

The Road by Cormac McCarthy

Water for Elephants by Sara Gruen

Cloud Atlas by David Mitchell

Kafka on the Shore by Haruki Murakami

The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks by Rebecca Skloot

All the Light We Cannot See by Anthony Doerr

My Sister’s Keeper by Jodi Picoult

Everything is Illuminated by Johnathan Foer

The Year of Magical Thinking by Joan Didion

LITERARY FICTION / CRITICALLY ACCLAIMED

The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini

The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time by Mark Haddon

The Secret Life of Bees by Sue Monk Kidd

The Boy in the Striped Pajamas by John Boyne

The Five People You Meet in Heaven by Mitch Albom

The Goldfinch by Donna Tartt

The Graveyard Book by Neil Gaiman

The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao by Junot Diaz

SERIES

The Harry Potter Series by J.K. Rowling

The Hunger Games Series by Suzanne Collins

The Twilight Series

The Game of Thrones Series

The Divergent Series

The Percy Jackson Series

TheHeroes of Olympus Series

The American Gods Series

OTHER RESOURCES

20th Century Novels Masterpost

21st Century Novels Masterpost

studyblr | studygram | my posts

[windsweptscholar]

2 Free Language Study Printable Packs

I’ve been meaning to make this pack for ages but as someone who hasn’t learnt a language in years I was unsure on what would be best - but thanks to your suggestions I’ve made this 16-page pack with lots of things that you can use (as featured in the image) and an additional 8-page pack with blank headers for your customisation.

Some pages are similar but hopefully will cater to most languages and study methods :-) You can delete and duplicate the files once downloaded if there are some you don’t need! All 16 pages come in the single file, and the 8 pages in another - it may take a moment to load the preview of all pages, but once downloaded they will all appear. You can download it from the link below:

Download link here (to both packs)

You can see other free printables here :-)

I hope you enjoy using and customising these printables! If you upload a photo featuring it, I’d love to see. Please tag me on Tumblr with #emmastudies or on Instagram with @emmastudiess. You can see other people using my printables by visiting the #esprintables tag on my blog! Please remember, these printables are for personal use only and should not be redistributed as your own.

If you want to find more organisational printable and support me, please check out my Etsy shop with lots of downloads dedicated to students. You can use ‘student10′ to get 10% off any purchase! :-)

Other posts | Printables | Instagram | Youtube | Pinterest | Etsy Shop

[windsweptscholar]

Latin - Alphabet + Pronunciation

Latin 1.1: Vowels, diphthongs, consonants, pronunciation

Long Vowels

a or ā — ah (father)

e or ē — ay (they)

i or ī — ee (seed)

o or ō — oh (note)

u or ū — oo (rude)

y or ȳ — uw (über)

a long vowel in Latin is indicated by a macron (a line over the vowel, ā, ē, ī, ō, ū, ȳ) — but it isn’t typically written out, I’ve just written them to help with pronunciation

Short Vowels

a — a (about)

e — e (bed)

i — ih (pin)

o — (pot)

u — (put)

y — uw (Hütte)

Diphthongs

ae — ai (aisle)

au — ou (about)

ei — ey (hey)

eu — eyoo (feud)

oe — oi (coil)

ui — ooey (gooey)

diphthongs are pronounced as one syllable, and there are only 6 diphthongs in Latin (so if you see “ii” it is not a diphthong — they are separate syllables)

if there are two vowels that would normally be a diphthong, but the second letter has a diaeresis (looks like an umlaut in German), it indicates that the two vowels are separate syllables

Consonants

c  — k (can)

g  — g (good)

j  — y (youth)

r  — rr (erre / pronounced as modern day Italians and Spaniards do)

s  — s (soft)

v  — w (woman)

x  — ks (wax) 

z  — dz (adze)

bs  — ps (lapse)

bt  — pt (except)

ch  — kh (chaos)

gn  — ngn (hangnail)

ti  — ti (patio)

ph  —  p-h (top-heavy)

th  — t (tourist)

pronounce most consonants as you would in English

i and u can be used as consonants; pronounced as y in yellow (modern Latin texts use j instead of an i when i is used as a consonant, but it retains the y pronunciation 

 Julius would be Iulius (YOO-lee-oohs)

consonant sounds should be distinct

ch pronounced as k-h in blockhead

ph pronounced as p-h in uphill

*when a consonant is doubled, both consonants are pronounced as separate consonants

tt in admittent pronounced as admit-ten

for pronunciation, it’s a general rule to stress the syllable that is second or third from the last 

for 3+ syllables — if next-to-last syllable is heavy, it takes the stress, falls on the syllable before it

a heavy syllable has a 

long vowel

dipthong

short vowel followed by two or more consonants (x is considered a double consonant)

Practice (taken from one of the books I’m using)

1: Pāter, cur dignitātem in vīris Romānis non vīdeo

1: Father, why do I not see dignity among the Roman men?

2: Cur me rōgas

2: Why are you asking me?

1: Quod māgna de dignitāte scrībis et dīcis

1: Because you write and speak great things about dignity

2: Fāma in māgnis , dīgnitas autem in humilitāte hābitat

2: Fame live in great things, but dignity lives in humility 

If you want to hear how Latin is spoken, I recommend ScorpioMartianus on YouTube. His entire channel is dedicated to the language (like, conversational Latin, songs in Latin and Greek, Latin expressions, and he even does tours in Latin!)

Next post (Latin - 1.2) will cover basic Latin Grammar.

[windsweptscholar]

Spanish – Simple Present Tense in the Indicative Mood Pt.1

1.1 

The Indicative Mood - used for making factual statements/describing obvious qualities of a person/situation. Present tenses used in the indicative mood include the simple present and the preterite.

(Simple present can be used to talk about habitual actions, routines, things happening now or in the near future, universal truths, facts, hypotheticals, lapses of time, and for ordering in restaurants and stores)

Subject & Verb Agreement

A complete sentence has two elements: a subject (who) and an agreeing verb form (action).

Jaime reads a book.

               Subject = Jaime                Verb = reads

Jorge vive en España.

               Subject = Jorge                 Verb = vive

Subjects can be expressed as pronouns

               yo [I]

               tú [you, informal]

               él/ella/usted [he/she/you, formal] – Usted shortened to Ud.

               nosotros(as) [we, masc. or mixed,(we, fem.)]

               vosotros(as) [you all, informal, masc. or mixed,(you all, informal, fem.)] – Spain only

               ellos(as)/ustedes [they, masc.(they, fem.)/you all] – Ustedes shortened to Uds.

a.      mi amiga – ella

b.      él y yo - nosotros

c.       Ud. y Uds. – ustedes

d.      Tomás - él

e.       Jaime y Kristina – ellos

f.        Las señoritas – ellas

a.       A Kristina no le gusta conducir. Ella viaja por tren.

b.      A mí me gusta charlar. Yo hablo con mis amigos todos los días.

c.       A Jaime le gusta el fútbol. Él juega los domingos.

 Next post (Spanish - 1.2) will cover regular, stem-changing, and irregular verbs.