#GNU/Linux Tutorial

[estradiolicphysics]

How to enable Hardware acceleration in Firefox ESR

For reference, my computer has intel integrated graphics, and my operating system is Debian 12 Bookworm with VA-API for graphics. While I had hardware video acceleration enabled for many application, I had to spend some time last year trying to figure out out how to enable it for Firefox. While I found this article and followed it, I couldn't figure out at first how to use the environment variable. So here's a guide now for anyone new to Linux!

First, determine whether you are using the Wayland or X11 protocol Windowing system if you haven't already. In a terminal, enter:

echo "$XDG_SESSION_TYPE"

This will tell you which Windowing system you are using. Once you've followed the instructions in the article linked, edit (as root or with root privileges) /usr/share/applications/firefox-esr.desktop with your favorite text-editing software. I like to use nano! So for example, you would enter in a terminal:

sudo nano /usr/share/applications/firefox-esr.desktop

Then, navigate to the line that says "Exec=...". Replace that line with the following line, depending on whether you use Wayland or X11. If you use Wayland:

Exec=env MOZ_ENABLE_WAYLAND=1 firefox

If you use X11:

Exec=env MOZ_X11_EGL=1 firefox

Then save the file! If you are using the nano editor, press Ctrl+x, then press Y and then press enter! Restart Firefox ESR if you were already on it, and it should now work! Enjoy!

[darcksama]

Conheça essa nova versão do linux brasileiro, O mauana linux versão cristã.

[lektursam]

Cara Menjalankan Paket .deb di Linux tanpa Instalasi

Halo Pembaca! Saya adalah pengguna ArchLinux. Namun, seringkali aplikasi yang saya butuhkan hanya tersedia untuk distro Ubuntu, Debian, atau distribusi populer lainnya. Biasanya, aplikasi-aplikasi tersebut hanya tersedia di apt atau hanya dapat diunduh dalam format .deb. ArchLinux tidak mendukung program-program Debian tersebut secara bawaan—dan mungkin itulah sebabnya distro ini tidak terlalu…

[okaywannabe]

How to install the native gog(and maybe steam? I dont own it to check) linux version of Star of Providence (monolith: relics of the past)! a very niche tutorial for maybe 6 people in the world.

This also might slightly help as a base guide in learning how to troubleshoot programs and games on linux.

This guide assumes you have Steam installed and can be trusted to find certain library files if you do not already have them installed. On my personal system I am running openSUSE tumbleweed and will be using Lutris to launch the game, but equivalent steps for launching through Steam will be provided when needed.

Firstly, turn off hidden files.

the base game is 32-bit only and requires files from /.steam/bin/steam-runtime/lib/1386-linux-gnu Base game+DLC is 64-bit only and requires files from /.steam/bin/steam-runtime/lib/x86-64-linux-gnu

if you're using Lutris. inside your monolith game directory place a new folder named "lib" place "libcrypto.so.1.0.0" and "libssl.so.1.0.0" from your respective steam-runtime/lib folders into the monolith lib directory in lutris, right click and confiure on monolith, select toggle "advanced" on the top right of the window under game options "add directory to LD_LIBRARY_PATH" add your lib directory in the monolith folder

on Steam.

into your game properties tab paste either

for base game

LD_PRELOAD="~/.steam/bin/steam-runtime/lib/1386-linux-gnu/libssl.so.1.0.0 ~/.steam/bin/steam-runtime/lib/1386-linux-gnu/libcrypto.so.1.0.0" %command%

OR

for base + DLC

LD_PRELOAD="~/.steam/bin/steam-runtime/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libssl.so.1.0.0 ~/.steam/bin/steam-runtime/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcrypto.so.1.0.0" %command%

for the base game we should be done and the game is playable however, with the DLC at this point we're still missing (on opensuse tumbleweed, your system might be different, check your games logs while trying to launch)one library file to make the game launch, it wants to look for libcurl-gnutls.so.4 which is unavailable in the repos of non ubuntu/debian based distros, however this file (seems to be) completely cross compatible with libcurl.so.4 so we're going to be making a symbolic link, so when the game searches for libcurl-gnutls.so.4 it will find libcurl.so.4

open a terminal in your system's /lib64/ folder, with Dolphin this can be done by right clicking an empty space and under actions select "open terminal here", alternatively just move to the directory inside of your terminal paste | sudo ln -s libcurl.so.4 libcurl-gnutls.so.4

(now, this might have negative consequences however, I do not know what they would be and someone who actually codes might be able to pitch in here. if so, just add it to the lib directory for the game for lutris or add a new folder under LD_PRELOAD on the steam properties) the game should now be playable

Alternatively to all of this, just use proton. on Steam just change the compatibility mode to the latest version and in Lutris install the base games windows version and run it using proton or wine-ge, to get the dlc to work select "Run EXE inside Wine prefix, this can be found to the right of the play button at the bottom of the list to the right of the wine button. Now launch the DLC installer. Congrats! You got the game to work in hopefully a quarter of the time it took me to both figure this out and document all of this!

[promptlyspeedyandroid]

Unlocking the Basics: A Comprehensive C Programming Language Tutorial for Beginners

Introduction

C programming language is often referred to as the backbone of modern programming. Developed in the early 1970s, C has influenced many other programming languages, including C++, Java, and Python. Its efficiency, flexibility, and powerful features make it a popular choice for system programming, embedded systems, and application development. This tutorial aims to provide beginners with a solid foundation in C programming, covering essential concepts, practical examples, and best practices to help you unlock the basics and start your programming journey.The

Why Learn C?

Before diving into the tutorial, it’s important to understand why learning C is beneficial:

Foundation for Other Languages: C serves as a stepping stone to learning other programming languages. Understanding C concepts will make it easier to grasp languages like C++, Java, and C#.

Performance and Efficiency: C is known for its speed and efficiency, making it ideal for system-level programming and applications where performance is critical.

Portability: C programs can be compiled and run on various platforms with minimal changes, making it a versatile choice for developers.

Rich Libraries: C has a vast collection of libraries that provide pre-written code for common tasks, speeding up the development process.

Strong Community Support: With decades of history, C has a large community of developers, providing ample resources, forums, and documentation for learners.

Getting Started with C Programming

1. Setting Up Your Development Environment

To start programming in C, you need to set up a development environment. Here’s how:

Choose a Compiler: Popular C compilers include GCC (GNU Compiler Collection) for Linux and MinGW for Windows. You can also use IDEs like Code::Blocks, Dev-C++, or Visual Studio.

Install the Compiler: Follow the installation instructions for your chosen compiler. Ensure that the compiler is added to your system’s PATH for easy access.

Choose a Text Editor or IDE: You can write C code in any text editor (like Notepad++ or Sublime Text) or use an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) for a more user-friendly experience.

2. Writing Your First C Program

Let’s start with a simple "Hello, World!" program to familiarize you with the syntax:#include <stdio.h> int main() { printf("Hello, World!\n"); return 0; }

Explanation:

#include <stdio.h>: This line includes the standard input-output library, allowing you to use functions like printf.

int main(): This is the main function where the program execution begins.

printf("Hello, World!\n");: This line prints "Hello, World!" to the console.

return 0;: This indicates that the program has executed successfully.

3. Understanding C Syntax and Structure

C has a specific syntax that you need to understand:

Variables and Data Types: C supports various data types, including int, float, char, and double. You must declare variables before using them.

int age = 25; float salary = 50000.50; char grade = 'A';

Operators: C provides arithmetic, relational, logical, and bitwise operators for performing operations on variables.

Control Structures: Learn about conditional statements (if, else, switch) and loops (for, while, do-while) to control the flow of your program.

4. Functions in C

Functions are essential for organizing code and promoting reusability. Here’s how to define and call a function:#include <stdio.h> void greet() { printf("Welcome to C Programming!\n"); } int main() { greet(); // Calling the function return 0; }

5. Arrays and Strings

Arrays are used to store multiple values of the same type, while strings are arrays of characters. Here’s an example:#include <stdio.h> int main() { int numbers[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; char name[20] = "John Doe"; printf("First number: %d\n", numbers[0]); printf("Name: %s\n", name); return 0; }

6. Pointers

Pointers are a powerful feature in C that allows you to directly manipulate memory. Understanding pointers is crucial for dynamic memory allocation and data structures.#include <stdio.h> int main() { int num = 10; int *ptr = &num; // Pointer to num printf("Value of num: %d\n", *ptr); // Dereferencing the pointer return 0; }

7. Structures and Unions

Structures allow you to group different data types under a single name, while unions enable you to store different data types in the same memory location.#include <stdio.h> struct Student { char name[50]; int age; }; int main() { struct Student student1 = {"Alice", 20}; printf("Student Name: %s, Age: %d\n", student1.name, student1.age); return 0; }

Best Practices for C Programming

Comment Your Code: Use comments to explain complex logic and improve code readability.

Use Meaningful Variable Names: Choose descriptive names for variables and functions to make your code self-explanatory.

Keep Code Organized: Structure your code into functions and modules to enhance maintainability.

Test Your Code: Regularly test your code to catch errors early and ensure it behaves as expected.

Conclusion

Learning C programming is a rewarding journey that opens doors to various fields in software development. By following this comprehensive tutorial, you’ve unlocked the basics of C and gained the foundational knowledge needed to explore more advanced topics.

As you continue your programming journey, practice regularly, build projects, and engage with the C programming community. With dedication and persistence, you’ll become proficient in C programming and be well-equipped to tackle more complex challenges in the world of software development.

Ready to dive deeper? Explore advanced topics like memory management, file handling, and data structures to further enhance your C programming skills! Happy coding with Tpoint-Tech!

[campertenis]

Repositorio local en Debian

repositorio local en debian

 Como usar imagens ISO do Debian como repositórios locais do mesmo

No post de hoje, um breve tutorial de como usar imagens ISO do Debian armazenadas no HD como repositórios locais de pacotes, podendo instalar ou atualizar programas a partir dessas imagens. A versão do Debian que esse tutorial se refere é a 6.0, mas pode ser usada em qualquer versão, seja mais antiga ou lançada futuramente.

1) Para cada imagem ISO, crie uma pasta dentro da pasta /mnt:

mkdir /mnt/m1

mkdir /mnt/m2

mkdir /mnt/m3

mkdir /mnt/m4

mkdir /mnt/m5

mkdir /mnt/m6

mkdir /mnt/m7

mkdir /mnt/m8

Os comandos acima devem ser executados como root. Na verdade, todos os passos deste tutorial devem ser executados como root. Como eu uso os oito DVDs do Debian, criei oito pastas, uma para cada imagem ISO de DVD.

2) No arquivo /etc/apt/sources.list, insira as seguintes linhas, uma para cada imagem ISO:

deb file:///mnt/m1/ squeeze contrib main

deb file:///mnt/m2/ squeeze contrib main

deb file:///mnt/m3/ squeeze contrib main

deb file:///mnt/m4/ squeeze contrib main

deb file:///mnt/m5/ squeeze contrib main

deb file:///mnt/m6/ squeeze contrib main

deb file:///mnt/m7/ squeeze contrib main

deb file:///mnt/m8/ squeeze contrib main

deb file:///mnt/dvd1 squeeze contrib main

Se for usar outra versão do Debian que não é a Squeeze, substitua “squeeze” pela versão que esteja usando.

3) Monte todas as imagens ISO:

mount -t iso9660 -o loop /home/p/mio/debian-6.0.2.1-i386-DVD-1.iso /mnt/m1/

mount -t iso9660 -o loop /home/irmaodamara/ISO/Debian/amd64/debian-6.0.4-amd64-DVD-1.iso /mnt/m1/

mount -t iso9660 -o loop /home/irmaodamara/ISO/Debian/amd64/debian-6.0.4-amd64-DVD-2.iso /mnt/m2/

mount -t iso9660 -o loop /home/irmaodamara/ISO/Debian/amd64/debian-6.0.4-amd64-DVD-3.iso /mnt/m3/

mount -t iso9660 -o loop /home/irmaodamara/ISO/Debian/amd64/debian-6.0.4-amd64-DVD-4.iso /mnt/m4/

mount -t iso9660 -o loop /home/irmaodamara/ISO/Debian/amd64/debian-6.0.4-amd64-DVD-5.iso /mnt/m5/

mount -t iso9660 -o loop /home/irmaodamara/ISO/Debian/amd64/debian-6.0.4-amd64-DVD-6.iso /mnt/m6/

mount -t iso9660 -o loop /home/irmaodamara/ISO/Debian/amd64/debian-6.0.4-amd64-DVD-7.iso /mnt/m7/

mount -t iso9660 -o loop /home/irmaodamara/ISO/Debian/amd64/debian-6.0.4-amd64-DVD-8.iso /mnt/m8/

No GNU/Linux, só é possível montar até oito imagens ISO de cada vez, se você tiver mais de oito imagens e precisar usar todas elas, considere usar a imagem Blu-Ray do Debian, você pode gerá-la usando as imagens de CD ou DVD que você possui utilizando o Jigdo, usando aquele tutorial que eu escrevi a alguns posts atrás, em Novembro de 2011.

4) A fim de registrar os novos repositórios, execute os seguinte comando:

aptitude update

O aptitude pode ser substituído pelo apt-get, se assim desejar.

5) Agora os repositórios estão registrados, você já pode usar suas imagens ISO como um repositório local do Debian. Inclusive, pode atualizar de uma versão para outra.

6) Após terminar de usar suas imagens ISO como repositórios, desmonte-as:

umount /mnt/m1/

umount /mnt/m2/

umount /mnt/m3/

umount /mnt/m4/

umount /mnt/m5/

umount /mnt/m6/

umount /mnt/m7/

umount /mnt/m8/

Para usar novamente as imagens como repositórios locais, basta montá-las novamente e usá-las.

E aqui termina este tutorial, se tiverem alguma dúvida sobre o mesmo, deixem comentários.

[mycplus]

Choosing the Right C++ Compiler for Your Project in 2025

Selecting the right C++ compiler is crucial for optimizing the performance, portability, and maintainability of your code. As technology evolves, compilers offer increasingly robust features to support modern C++ standards. Here’s a comprehensive guide to help you make an informed decision when choosing a compiler in 2025.

Choosing the Right Compiler for Your Needs

When choosing the right C++ compiler for your project, it’s helpful to explore the options available in the market. For a detailed overview of the best C++ compilers, including GCC, Clang, and MSVC, check out our guide on Best C++ Compilers to Use in 2024. This resource outlines features, use cases, and recommendations to help you make an informed decision.

For Beginners: Start with GCC or MSVC for their ease of use and excellent documentation.

For Advanced Developers: Use Clang or Intel C++ Compiler for their sophisticated optimization capabilities.

For Cross-Platform Projects: GCC and Clang are ideal due to their support for multiple operating systems.

For Enterprise Development: MSVC integrates seamlessly with enterprise Windows environments.

Key Factors to Consider

Standard Compliance Modern C++ compilers must support recent standards like C++20 and emerging features of C++23. Compliance ensures compatibility with cutting-edge libraries and features.

Platform Compatibility Consider the platforms your application will target. For instance, if you're building cross-platform software, a compiler like GCC or Clang is ideal due to its extensive OS support.

Performance Optimization Some compilers excel at producing highly optimized binaries. If runtime performance is critical, benchmarking compilers for your use case can provide valuable insights.

Development Ecosystem A compiler integrated into a robust IDE, like Microsoft Visual C++ with Visual Studio, can boost productivity with features such as advanced debugging and autocomplete.

Community and Support Active community support ensures access to tutorials, forums, and updates, which can be invaluable during development.

Popular C++ Compilers in 2025

GCC (GNU Compiler Collection)

Overview: Open-source and widely used across Linux systems, GCC supports the latest C++ standards and provides excellent optimizations.

Strengths: Cross-platform compatibility, strong community support, and frequent updates.

Use Cases: Ideal for cross-platform development and open-source projects.

Clang/LLVM

Overview: Known for its modular architecture and fast compilation speeds, Clang offers excellent diagnostics for developers.

Strengths: Advanced error messages, modern language feature support, and great integration with tools like Xcode.

Use Cases: Perfect for macOS and projects requiring integration with static analysis tools.

Microsoft Visual C++ (MSVC)

Overview: Integrated with the Visual Studio IDE, MSVC is a popular choice for Windows developers.

Strengths: Powerful debugging tools, easy integration with Windows APIs, and strong performance optimizations.

Use Cases: Best suited for Windows desktop and enterprise software development.

C++ Builder

Overview: A commercial compiler focused on rapid application development (RAD) for cross-platform applications.

Strengths: Easy-to-use visual tools, database integration, and support for multiple platforms.

Use Cases: Ideal for developers prioritizing GUI-heavy applications.

Intel C++ Compiler (ICX)

Overview: Tailored for performance-critical applications, ICX provides advanced optimizations for Intel processors.

Strengths: Best-in-class performance, compatibility with major development environments, and support for vectorization.

Use Cases: High-performance computing, machine learning, and scientific applications.

[goodgifswithfreetoolschallenge]

GIMP Tutorials

That last link is gonna be the winner I think but the the tutorial is 8 years old so probably needs to be updated.

[likegeeks]

1 Find a directory 2 Find hidden files 3 Find files of a certain size or greater than X 4 Find from a list of files 5 Find not in a list 6 Set the maxdepth 7 Find empty files (zero-length) 8 Find largest directory or file 9 Find setuid set files 10 Find sgid set files 11 List files without permission denied 12 Find modified files within the last X days 13 Sort by time 14 Difference between locate and find 15 CPU load of find command

[keivinwedell]

Activar permisos de escritura a particiones Windows desde Linux

Aprende a desactivar el "inicio rápido" en Windows para poder crear carpetas, copiar, mover o eliminar ficheros en GNU/Linux por @keivinwedell vía @CulturaLibreN.

Si eres usuario de una computadora con dual boot instalado para trabajar con Windows y Linux, es muy probable que hayas tenido el problema de no poder “escribir”, crear directorios, copiar, pegar o mover archivos en la propia partición donde está instalado Windows por lo que en esta ocasión, te mostraré cómo configurar tu equipo para activar permisos de escritura a particiones Windows desde…

[r2fv]

Recuperar dependencias perdidas en Debian/Ubuntu

Cuando se instalan aplicaciones en paquetes deb, muchas veces se instalan sin las dependencias. Para resolver esto solamente se debe colocar el siguiente comando:

sudo apt -f install

o en su versión antigua

sudo apt-get - f install

normalmente el proceso continua con la configuración de manera automática, sin embargo si esto no sucede se puede seguir con el comando:

sudo dpkg --configure -a

Y listo. A disfrutar tu nuevo programa

[aravikumar48]

Samba server in Linux

[elblogdealbertucho]

Mi experiencia reparando una Surface Pro 2017

Mi experiencia reparando una Surface Pro 2017

Buenas gente, Resulta que hoy me han dejado para reparar una Surface Pro del 2017 o 2018, no estoy seguro, de lo que sí que lo estoy es que Microsoft ha tenido muchos problemas con esta tablet convertible, ya que, según el problema del propietario, se quedaba congelado nada más iniciar y el dispositivo se apagaba a los pocos segundos, siendo imposible realizar nada. Estuve leyendo por foros, en…

[conociendolinux]

En siguiente tutorial aprenderás a dar tus primeros pasos con el comando sed en la terminal de Linux.