#Language borrowing

[theenglishnook]

Cultural Exchange and Hybridization

The Influence of Cultural Exchange on Language Cultural exchange and hybridization are fascinating phenomena that lie at the heart of human interaction and communication throughout history. These processes have shaped societies, influenced identities, and left an indelible mark on the languages we speak today. At its core, cultural exchange involves the sharing and blending of ideas, customs,…

[kevin-ar-tuathal]

Leagan Gaeilge na postála seo 🤗

Tá's a'm an chaoi go spochtar as an nGearmáinis faoi fhocla Béarla a úsáid ach ar bhealach a fheileanns don teanga sin (gegoogelt, gedownloadet, 7rl.) ach tá cainteoirí Gàidhlig ar leibhéal iomlán eile, leis an bhfírinne a rá: chuala mé duine éicint ag cur Gáidhlig ar "I was wondering", agus "bha mi wondraigheadh" a bhí ann, agus an bhfuil 'fhios agaibh céard?? Ach iompar na laochra é sin 💪

i know people like to make fun of how german uses english words to fit the language (gegoogelt, gedownloadet etc) but gàidhlig speakers operate on a whole other level tbh - saw someone gaelicise "i was wondering" to "bha mi wondraigheadh" and honestly? iconic behaviour

[theorangepdf]

homesickness is a great word. one of the most useful the english language has to offer

[ask-obt]

Are there any other spoken languages other than common? What do they sound like?

Malachi: There are! Though due to how different vocalizations can be between different species, they tend to be localized within small groups of pokemon that share similar mouth structures. My tribe back home has a language that just translates to "The Plains' Language" in common, and it's quieter than common speak so it's used for things like hunting. Most of the tribe consists of mammals, and combining that with electrical pulses that run over our tongues we can create unique sounds that don't get picked up in common.

Er, that's the other thing with languages- common just happens to be how pokemon communicate due to our aura. When we speak, we're usually making physical noises- which are picked up by the ears (or comparable organ), and translated by the aura running through our neural pathways in an instant. To try coming up with a unique language that won't get immediately translated is difficult, and usually you need to incorporate some unique part of your biology to do it.

The translation of common is an automatic process, which means even newly born pokemon can grasp a few words here and there. But with a weak aura, the body prioritizes the translation through your brain, rather than the vocalizations of the mouth. This is probably why Rune was able to understand me, but not speak for herself. A tiiiny amount of aura left in her body gave her just enough stability to hear what other pokemon were saying.

// related post

[seepweed]

sorry 2 be like this but "why are queer women inherently perieved as less queer compared to queer men?" it's a fascism thing, it's a nazi thing & it's a general misogyny thing to the point of 1933 germany nazis believing that women aren't a threat, they're women = weaklings, they're never as powerful as men, if they're queer, they're surely a "lost opportunity to raise kids" (which can be corrected via rape) but they're not an active threat against national socialist society. queer men on the other hand are dangeous vile monsters because they have the power to actually do things because they're men. this leads to higher rates of queer men compared to women in concentration camps, leads to higher rates of queer men compared to women in post-war prisons, yadda yadda i don't need to tell you the rest, it's a nazi thing. or a generalised misogyny + homophobia thing that the nazis heavily relied on. so the next time someone asks you "why are women always inherently less queer than men" it's because they're weak women who can't challenge the status quo like the vile monsters that are queer men, according to nazis.

[corpusdiem-seizethedead]

Husk: One more word and I’m gonna punch you in the face-

Angel: Do it with your lips, coward!

Husk: I fucking will you bastard!

[edwardseymour]

where are the history books that call her a ‘sweet, docile angel’? name them. i will wait.

[atalienart]

you requested book discourse, may I offer you this take: I'm sick of "feminist" Greek myth retellings that are advertised as untold tales of heroines finally being given a voice. All of them read like a 21st century feminist lady was airdropped into an ancient Greek setting. Besides, if the heroines they are based on were "voiceless" the author would have no source to fall back on. Also, there's definitely an issue of cultural appropriation in non-Greek authors retelling Greek myths (I'm not Greek so I can't really speak on their behalf but it's sus to me)

I agree about the retellings. They change a lot about the characters and their authors usually write them through the modern lens. It's the same with historical fiction, historical romances. The world is only a backdrop. Authors take an existing world without the context of that world. It can be really annoying sometimes, especially when the "old world" clashes really strongly with the modern elements. Oftentimes people also lack the understanding of niuanse. A heroine can't be strong if she can't kick a guy and tell him to fuck off. That's why women in those myths can be seen as "voiceless". I'm sick of it too xD

As for the cultural appropriation… Eehh... I think it's good to be able to draw inspiration from different things. I understand that if you want to write about historically accurate place and events you should do a thorough research first. The thing is, what if you write a fantasy? What if a culture is only an inspiration for a fictional world? How accurate do you have to be when you create a place where fairies or vampires exist? What culture do you take the fairy folklore from? What if you mix a fairy lore from idk a Polish and Irish folklore and create your own unique world? When I see yet another retelling of Hades and Persephone myth I kinda try to see what the author took from that story. I don't need to see the myth. I don't expect writers to be folklorists and historians and mythology professors. I do expect them to take interest in the culture they borrow from so that what they create isn't offensive or completely idiotic but I don't need them to know everything about it. I don't think keeping cultures closed off and untouchable is the best approach. It will only let that culture shrink and die eventually. Of course watering it down to a cool aesthetic can also be quite damaging but it also brings some spotlight to it and can be a spark for a more thorough discussion. What do you think?

[anghraine]

It feels extremely silly that only today did I realize that pantry and panadería are slightly similar-sounding for a reason >_>

(The English word pantry is one of the many, many common modern English words derived from Anglo-French: in this case, panetrie, from Old French paneterie, "bread room" ... Spanish panadería also has a complex etymology, but all are related to Latin panis, "bread.")

[bluespring864]

face of a man who is desperately trying to remember his French

face of a man who is very glad he has survived an interview in French

[theenglishnook]

War and Language Contact: The Impact on the English Language

Echoes of Conquest As history unfolds, the clash of civilizations and the march of empires have often been accompanied by the exchange of more than just territory and power. In the tumult of military conquests and conflicts, languages have collided, merged, and transformed, leaving an indelible mark on the linguistic landscape. The English language, in particular, bears the imprint of its…

[miabrown007]

Felonies and Other Love Languages (Heist AU)

art by @art-the-f-up

Adrien Agreste: rich, lonely, freshly aware of the fact that he's expected to take over not a fashion, but a drug empire. Marinette Dupain-Cheng: broke, angry, freshly aware of the fact that bringing down drug empires is a blast. But where would she be without her team, Alya and Nino, and her very good friend, Luka? Not to mention the team’s newest addition, the kind, the funny, the ultra charming Chat Noir. If Marinette likes him, that’s alright, though. It isn’t like she’s dating Adrien Agreste for real. It’s all just part of her ten-step plan to make the Agrestes meet their demise.

I have Shay's permission to post his art. as you do not, you should not.

[linguisticdiscovery]

Ways English borrowed words from Latin

Latin has been influencing English since before English existed!

Here’s a non-exhaustive list of ways that English got vocabulary from Latin:

early Latin influence on the Germanic tribes: The Germanic tribes borrowed words from the Romans while still in continental Europe, before coming to England.

camp, wall, pit, street, mile, cheap, mint, wine, cheese, pillow, cup, linen, line, pepper, butter, onion, chalk, copper, dragon, peacock, pipe, bishop

Roman occupation of England: The Celts borrowed words from the Romans when the Romans invaded England, and the Anglo-Saxons later borrowed those Latin words from the Celts.

port, tower, -chester / -caster / -cester (place name suffix), mount

Christianization of the Anglo-Saxons: Roman missionaries to England converted the Anglo-Saxons to Christianity and brought Latin with them.

altar, angel, anthem, candle, disciple, litany, martyr, mass, noon, nun, offer, organ, palm, relic, rule, shrine, temple, tunic, cap, sock, purple, chest, mat, sack, school, master, fever, circle, talent

Norman Conquest: The Norman French invaded England in 1066 under William the Conqueror, making Norman French the language of the state. Many words were borrowed from French, which had evolved out of Latin.

noble, servant, messenger, feast, story, government, state, empire, royal, authority, tyrant, court, council, parliament, assembly, record, tax, subject, public, liberty, office, warden, peer, sir, madam, mistress, slave, religion, confession, prayer, lesson, novice, creator, saint, miracle, faith, temptation, charity, pity, obedience, justice, equity, judgment, plea, bill, panel, evidence, proof, sentence, award, fine, prison, punishment, plead, blame, arrest, judge, banish, property, arson, heir, defense, army, navy, peace, enemy, battle, combat, banner, havoc, fashion, robe, button, boots, luxury, blue, brown, jewel, crystal, taste, toast, cream, sugar, salad, lettuce, herb, mustard, cinnamon, nutmeg, roast, boil, stew, fry, curtain, couch, screen, lamp, blanket, dance, music, labor, fool, sculpture, beauty, color, image, tone, poet, romance, title, story, pen, chapter, medicine, pain, stomach, plague, poison

The Renaissance: The intense focus on writings from classical antiquity during the Renaissance led to the borrowing of numerous words directly from Latin.

atmosphere, disability, halo, agile, appropriate, expensive, external, habitual, impersonal, adapt, alienate, benefit, consolidate, disregard, erupt, exist, extinguish, harass, meditate

The Scientific Revolution: The need for new technical and scientific terms led to many neoclassical compounds formed from Classical Greek and Latin elements, or new uses of Latin prefixes.

automobile, transcontinental, transformer, prehistoric, preview, prequel, subtitle, deflate, component, data, experiment, formula, nucleus, ratio, structure

Not to mention most borrowings from other Romance languages, such as Spanish or Italian, which also evolved from Latin.

Further Reading: A history of the English language (Baugh & Cable)

[girderednerve]

Low quality books that appear to be AI generated are making their way into public libraries via their digital catalogs, forcing librarians who are already understaffed to either sort through a functionally infinite number of books to determine what is written by humans and what is generated by AI, or to spend taxpayer dollars to provide patrons with information they don’t realize is AI-generated.

With Hoopla, librarians have to opt into Hoopla’s entire catalog, then pay for whatever their customers choose to borrow from that catalog. The only way librarians can limit what Hoopla books their customers can borrow is by setting a limit on the price of books. For example, a library can use Hoopla but make it so their customers can only borrow books that cost the library $5 per use.

“Investigating these authors, their book covers, their social media, etc takes A LOT OF TIME, especially with the volume of questionable material increasing month to month (and that's not including the sheer amount of legitimate books published each month in adult fiction that I'm looking at),” one librarian who asked to remain anonymous so she could talk openly about her job, told me. “Is it the best use of my time doing this work on top of my other duties when customers may or may not care? And with the rising multitudes of AI generated content, will there come a point where it just ‘is what it is?’”

This type of low quality, AI generated content, is what we at 404 Media and others have come to call AI slop. Librarians, whose job it is in part to curate what books their community can access, have been dealing with similar problems in the publishing industry for years, and have a different name for it: vendor slurry. While the term now encompasses what seems like AI-generated content as well, it predates the rise of generative AI, and also refers to the glut of low quality, often self-published ebooks or book “summaries” that are common on Hoopla. As some librarians told me, the sheer quantity of books in Hoopla’s service makes it seem more valuable because it offers such a large number of books, but in reality that number is misleadingly inflated by this slurry.

Several of the librarians I talked to said that they are worried about discussing [the problems raised by Hoopla's weak, unclear selection policies, including the 2022 inclusion of explicitly white nationalist texts,] because of the growing hostility towards libraries and groups like Moms for Liberty demanding that books about LGBTQ rights, race, and ethnicity be removed from libraries. One the one hand, librarians want to curate their collections and make sure their patrons are getting access to quality information. On the other hand, they don’t want people to think that they are trying to censor what materials patrons can access in way that’s comparable to what organizations like Moms for Liberty want. None of the librarians I talked to suggested the AI-generated content needed to be banned from Hoopla and libraries only because it is AI-generated. It might have its place, but it needs to be clearly labeled, and more importantly, provide borrowers with quality information.

[reraen]

How much you wanna bet Izuki knows the most random ass words in other languages if only for the sake of making puns

[rotzaprachim]

Feeling incredible desire to study Romance languages and their linguistics right before my exam (it is not in Romance languages)