#PCB Manufacturing Machine

[yontromechatronic]

The Industrial Workstations are structured and ergonomic settings that enhance productivity, reduce breakdown times, and minimize hazards in workplaces. Investing in an industrial workstation reaps more benefits over a period compared with costs carried at a time, leading to significant savings over time.

[cylexplastics]

FR4 Machining Tolerance Control and Precision Improvement Methods

FR4, the most common substrate material for printed circuit boards (PCBs), presents unique challenges in machining due to its composite nature. Achieving tight tolerances and high precision requires understanding material properties and implementing specialized techniques. This article explores practical methods for improving accuracy in FR4 machining operations. Understanding FR4 Machining…

[kyoritsu-electric]

X-ray PCB Inspection Solutions for Quality Assurance

Ensure precision and reliability with Kyoritsu Electric’s cutting-edge X-ray PCB inspection solutions. Our advanced x-ray inspection systems are designed to detect hidden defects in solder joints, BGA, SMT components, and multilayer boards without damaging the product. With decades of expertise, Kyoritsu Electric stands out among x ray manufacturers in India, delivering high-quality x-ray inspection equipment solutions tailored for the electronics manufacturing industry.

Whether you're looking for detailed fault detection, process control, or quality assurance, our x ray machine PCB inspection technology ensures unmatched accuracy and performance. Trusted by leading electronics and EMS companies, we help you maintain high production standards while reducing rework and failure rates. Discover the power of non-destructive testing and enhance your PCB manufacturing process with Kyoritsu Electric’s reliable and efficient X-ray solutions.

[marcialiu0929]

Rigid Flex PCB PCB or PCBA quotation, please email to marcia@makerpcb.com Learn more: https://lnkd.in/gAhdxTUx

[piratesexmachine420]

For future reference (my own and others), if your TI SilverLink USB cable stops working and starts showing up as "TUSB3410 Boot Device" or similar under device manager (AKA this issue on TI's help page), this is how you can fix it:

Download the TUSB3x10 EEPROM Burner. This is a Windows-only program, but to my knowledge will work on basically any windows machine from XP on -- so long as it's got USB ports. No clue if it'll work in a VM. (You might want to consult this user's manual.)

Download the SilverLink firmware. I got it from here, and compiled it from their de-compilation. It's just a standard 'make' to build. The output file you're looking for is called "ti_graph_link_silver.eep".

Rename "ti_graph_link_silver.eep" to "ti_graph_link_silver.bin".

Open the TUSB3x10 EEPROM Burner, click on the options dropdown and click "Show the 'Program Full Binary Image' button". (page 7 of the manual).

Select the entry under "Computer" labeled "TUSB3410 EEPROM Burner Instance (1.00)".

Set EEPROM size to "64Kb".

Set "File Path" to point to "ti_graph_link_silver.bin". (The renamed .eep, not the original .bin)

I don't know if the VID, PID, Manufacturer string, Product string and Serial # need to be set manually or not with a 'Full Binary Image' burn. Just to be safe, I set VID to 0451, PID to e001, Manufacturer to "Texas Instruments", Product to "TI-GRAPH LINK USB", and checked "Not Serialized"*.

Click the "Program Full Binary Image" button (yellow triangle with the exclamation point), and proceed with the write.

Unplug and re-plug your cable, and it should show up as a SilverLink again!

Additional notes:

The reason that this happens is because the SilverLink cable (revision b, at least) is based on the TUSB3410 microcontroller. That microcontroller's boot process involves checking for an I2C EEPROM containing program code. If it finds that EEPROM and its contents are properly formatted, it'll copy that code into internal RAM and start executing it. If it can't find the EEPROM, or its contents aren't properly formatted, it'll fall back to looking for boot code over USB. Thus: "TUSB3410 Boot Device". Your cable has, in essence, forgotten who it is and and is begging for you to give it a purpose.

The default page-write buffer size (32 bytes) and I2C bus speed (400 KHz) in the burner app are already correct, so no need to change them.

*I don't remember exactly what the Manufacturer string, Product string, or serial number fields were set to pre-corruption. Likewise, no idea about the advanced descriptor options. If someone wants to send the output of lsusb -v -s [whatever their silverlink's bus/id numbers are], I'd really appreciate it!

You might be able to skip the header rigamarole by taking the ti_graph_link_silver.bin file directly ("directly coming from the compiler") -- but I again I don't know exactly what information is in the .eep file and what isn't. Are the PID and VID encoded somewhere in there? I peeked with a hex editor but have no clue. If someone has hardware lying around they're willing to experiment with/potentially brick, I'd love to hear your results!

If you mess up and accidentally forget to do a "Full Binary Image" write, or otherwise brick the firmware, you can force the TUSB3410 to fall back to USB boot mode by opening the plastic shell around the PCB (one Torx screw under the sticker, then just normal plastic tabs) and shorting the right-bottom (Vss) and right-top (SDA), or right-bottom (Vss) and center right-top (SCL) pins of the EEPROM (the chip labeled "24LC64") as you plug it into the USB port. You may need multiple attempts. This works because it temporarily convinces the TUSB3410 that the EEPROM is missing/corrupt, and thus it decides to fall back into USB boot mode -- until you reset it. It might be better to do this with a ~1k resistor instead of a jumper wire, but IDK I'm not an electrical engineer. All I know is that shorting Vss and SDA worked for me. Again, would love feedback.

No clue what causes the corruption in the first place, or how long this fix will last. It might be because the EEPROM's write protect pin is set to "write enable"? It could also just be degrading hardware, for all I know, so no idea how long the fix will last. All I do know is that everything seems nominal right now (immediately after performing this procedure).

[eserve-hyderabad]

Lloyd Washing Machine Service Center Near Ramanthapur Hyderabad 7337443380

Lloyd Washing Machine Service Center Near Ramanthapur Hyderabad | eServe Providing best solutions for LLOYD Fully Automatic, Front Load, Top Load washing machines . eServe same day repair solutions for Lloyd Washing Machine Service Center Near Ramanthapur Phone Number problems like No drain ,  No wash , program errors, cleaning machine, not functioning, cycle rotating, dent or break off any part or any kind of work just pick your phone and here we are to serve you. How do I complain to Lloyd washing machine? we offer our service as ON demand of customers and their accessibility in this pandemic situation. Lloyd Washing Machine Repair Center Near Ramanthapur Hyderabad We do have repair facility of PCB's and Drum cleaning at our service centers across Hyderabad. Lloyd is the top manufacturer in government program of make in india. How do I complain to Lloyd washing machine?

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[eserve4]

Lloyd Washing Machine Service Center Near Shivarampally Hyderabad 7337443480

Lloyd Washing Machine Service Center Near Shivarampally Hyderabad | eServe Providing best solutions for LLOYD Fully Automatic, Front Load, Top Load washing machines . eServe same day repair solutions for Lloyd Washing Machine Service Center Near Shivarampally Phone Number problems like No drain ,  No wash , program errors, cleaning machine, not functioning, cycle rotating, dent or break off any part or any kind of work just pick your phone and here we are to serve you. How do I complain to Lloyd washing machine? we offer our service as ON demand of customers and their accessibility in this pandemic situation. Lloyd Washing Machine Repair Center Near Shivarampally Hyderabad We do have repair facility of PCB's and Drum cleaning at our service centers across hyderabad. Lloyd is the top manufacturer in government program of make in india. How do I complain to Lloyd washing machine?

LLOYD has special features in Washing Machines

Having a trouble with extra clothes no problems. here how it solves with its ' How do I complain to Lloyd washing machine? pause N add ' feature

you can access to all your extra works by washing your clothes within a quick time with its speed up mode ,which makes your clothes washable in quick minutes and relaxable with Lloyd's range of choicest washing machines

it has also got a 360 degree turbo which rotates and make your clothes dirt free with all around it. How do I complain to Lloyd washing machine? 

so with this Lloyd makes you a happy customer with its assured services with reserve you can assure that your product gets perfect care whenever and wherever you need having trouble of getting spare parts changed then here we are we deliver you the Guinean parts and service at your doorstep. Call eServe Lloyd Washing Machine Service Centre phone number Hyderabad 7337443380 for repair.

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[ramautomations123]

Praxis Lips Series PCB Module 4054 | Industrial Control Solutions | Ram Automations

Discover the Praxis Lips Series PCB Module 4054, a highly reliable solution for your industrial control and automation needs. This PCB module is designed to offer superior performance, stability, and integration flexibility for various industrial systems. Perfect for enhancing the efficiency of your automation setup, the Praxis Lips 4054 ensures smooth operations across multiple industrial applications.

At Ram Automations, we are committed to delivering genuine and top-quality industrial automation products from global leaders. Trust our expertise to find the right parts that drive your operations forward.

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🧩 Product Specifications

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📣 Stay Connected!

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[andmaybegayer]

latest Freddie DeBoer seems odd. It's very focused on a sort of consumer-facing understanding of technology for a lot of its runtime. He's not wrong that the changes are smaller than they were in the 1800's but like. That's the low hanging fruit, we all know this, the jump from "not having trains" to "having trains" beats almost any improvement in "trains"

A major change technology has brought to the modern world imo is heavily streamlined manufacturing all across the industrial stack.

If you read like, Bunie Huang's Made in China blog series, in the early 2000's getting a piece of technology made required enormous in-person investment of time and effort working with your manufacturing teams across a pretty broad number of suppliers and industries, you had to get PCB's made, components sourced, moulds designed and set up for injection.

I know people manufacturing small to medium run commercial and industrial electronics, and I did that at my last job. You order machine populated PCB's from your favourite Chinese PCB solutions provider over a web form. If you need ten thousand buttons, you can get that delivered with three emails. Hell, if you want a custom genome to use for some experimental bioreactor, there's multiple competing suppliers who will mail you plasmids that you can customise from online templates and you don't even have to talk to anyone.

And that's just mass manufacturing. If you're making a few thousand of some high end medical equipment, or still in the development phase of design, you can order a titanium laser print to be delivered by the end of the week, or run off a dozen prototypes on your company's fleet of printers using body safe plastics.

Consumer needs don't change much because people are people, we have limited capacity to need things and do things. I've long said that no human can digest more than 50Mbps of media in real time, really. One home cook can only economise their movements so much. A food processor and a pressure cooker can save you some time but the solution to"I want to spend less time cooking at home" will eventually become "don't cook at home, lean on industrial manufacturing of food" and that's fine. There's only so much tech can improve your individual experience before you become the bottleneck.

Faster computers sure, means you can edit video on your phone a little quicker (also hey people ARE editing video on their phone, despite what this blog post says) but it also means Netflix can serve their 4 Petabytes of video library at 400+Gbps from a single server occupying less than 50 liters of space.

It seems disingenuous to act like consumer products feeling stagnant means technology is stagnant.

[yontromechatronic]

In today’s fast-paced industrial landscape, automation and smart technology are revolutionizing manufacturing and logistics. One such transformation is happening in roller conveyor operations, thanks to the Internet of Things (IoT). As industries strive for efficiency, IoT-enabled roller conveyor systems are optimizing workflows, reducing downtime, and enhancing productivity. Companies like Yontro Mechatronic Systech are at the forefront of this revolution, offering innovative solutions to modernize conveyor operations.

[taperwolf]

I'm having one of those nights where I'm intensely wanting a dozen or so different Eurorack modules, and don't have the resources for any of them. The system I have is a lot of fun, but I keep thinking that I could do so much more if I just had — and that's where the list starts piling up. More VCAs, obviously; some complex audio sources like a Plaits clone and a sampler; a quantizer and a Turing Machine, or some multitool like the Ornament and Crime that does such things. A multimode filter.

Some things I have in the DIY planning or building stages, like the Baby10 sequencer I've been sort of working on for years, or the pseudorandom sequence generator I have breadboarded, or the Wasp filter on stripboard that's sitting semi-abandoned in a box here. And there are two modules based around Electric Druid chips that I just need to tweak slightly before they're ready to send to a PCB manufacturer.

(See, their STOMPLFO and ONESHOT chips use the same underlying PIC and very similar I/O, so I think I can make the circuit I designed for one also work with the other — and if I can make the layout symmetrical, I can have the panels made flippable, so the minimum order of five pieces would mean I had two different working modules. Just need to get back to kicad to make those tweaks.)

Anyway. I don't mean to feel sorry for myself — or worse yet, to convince readers to — for picking an expensive hobby, even if I've mostly managed to cheap out on it pretty well so far. Too much envy directed at other people's rigs isn't good for me. But there's so much available that would be such fun!

[kyoritsu-electric]

PCB X-Ray Inspection Machine Supplier in India - Kyoritsu Electric

Kyoritsu Electric is a trusted supplier of advanced PCB X-Ray Inspection Machines in India, catering to industries demanding precision and quality assurance. These state-of-the-art machines offer non-destructive inspection of Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs), enabling high-resolution imaging to detect hidden defects such as solder joint cracks, voids, and misalignments. Designed with cutting-edge X-ray technology, Kyoritsu's machines ensure superior accuracy, faster inspection cycles, and seamless integration into production lines. Ideal for electronics manufacturing, automotive, and aerospace industries, these machines enhance productivity and reliability. Backed by robust support and training services, Kyoritsu Electric is the go-to partner for PCB inspection needs.

[tealtitan]

Top 5 Industries Benefiting from Vision System Inspection Technology

Automating defect detection, increasing accuracy, and lowering costs are essential for businesses to stay competitive in today’s rapid industrial environment. One technology that has transformed many industries by automating quality control is vision system inspection. Let’s delve into five sectors greatly benefiting from this cutting-edge technology.

What is Vision System Inspection?

Vision system inspection refers to the use of cameras, sensors, and AI-powered software to inspect, analyze, and identify defects in products during production. Unlike manual inspection, which is prone to human error, vision inspection systems ensure high precision, speed, and consistency.

Key Components of Vision System Inspection

Cameras & Sensors – Capture high-resolution images for analysis.

Lighting Systems – Enhance visibility for accurate detection.

Image Processing Software – Analyzes and detects defects in real time.

AI & Machine Learning Algorithms – Continuously improve accuracy over time.

Top 5 Industries Benefiting from Vision System Inspection

Manufacturing: In the manufacturing sector, maintaining product consistency and minimizing defects is crucial. Vision system inspection is used to:

Detect surface defects, scratches, and inconsistencies in raw materials and finished products.

Improve production efficiency by automating quality control.

Reduce waste and rework, leading to significant cost savings.

Example: A leading electronics manufacturer implemented a vision system to detect minute PCB defects, reducing faulty product shipments by 30%.

Pharmaceutical and Healthcare: The pharmaceutical industry requires extreme precision and compliance with strict regulations. Vision system inspection helps by:

Ensuring correct labeling of drugs and medical devices.

Detecting contaminants, broken seals, or incorrect dosages in medication packaging.

Preventing counterfeit drugs from entering the supply chain.

Example: A pharmaceutical company implemented an automated vision inspection system to verify pill bottle labels, eliminating mislabeling errors.

Automotive: In the industrial automation, safety and precision are non-negotiable. Vision system inspection is used for:

Detecting weld defects, misalignments, and missing components.

Ensuring paint consistency and surface finish quality.

Reducing recall rates by identifying issues before final assembly.

Example: A major car manufacturer reduced defect rates by 40% after integrating AI-driven vision inspection into its production line.

Food and Beverage: Food safety and packaging integrity are paramount. Vision system inspection helps with:

Detecting contaminants like metal, glass, or plastic in food items.

Ensuring correct packaging, expiration dates, and labeling accuracy.

Preventing mislabeling and allergen cross-contamination.

Example: A dairy company used vision inspection to check milk cartons for correct sealing, reducing customer complaints.

Electronics and Semiconductor: The electronics industry relies on ultra-precise assembly. Vision system inspection is used to:

Detect microscopic defects in chips, circuit boards, and connectors.

Ensure proper component placement in automated assembly lines.

Improve production yield by reducing faulty units.

Example: A semiconductor firm improved production accuracy by 25% after deploying high-speed vision inspection systems.

Key Benefits of Vision System Inspection

Higher accuracy and efficiency compared to manual inspections.

Reduced operational costs by minimizing defects and rework.

Improved compliance with industry regulations.

Enhanced safety and reliability in critical applications.

Challenges and Limitations

High initial investment costs for equipment and integration.

Requirement for skilled personnel to manage and maintain systems.

Compatibility issues with existing production lines.

Future Trends in Vision System Inspection

AI-powered defect detection for enhanced accuracy.

Integration with IoT and smart factories for real-time monitoring.

Advancements in 3D vision technology for complex inspections.

The Future of Vision System Inspection in Quality Control

Vision system inspection has revolutionized quality control across multiple industries, ensuring higher efficiency, accuracy, and compliance. As technology advances, we can expect even more sophisticated applications, making automated inspection a standard in modern production lines.

[eserve-hyderabad]

Lloyd Washing Machine Service Center Near Gachibowli Hyderabad 7337443380

Lloyd Washing Machine Service Center Near Gachibowli Hyderabad | eServe Providing best solutions for LLOYD Fully Automatic, Front Load, Top Load washing machines . eServe same day repair solutions for Lloyd Washing Machine Service Center Near Gachibowli Phone Number problems like No drain ,  No wash , program errors, cleaning machine, not functioning, cycle rotating, dent or break off any part or any kind of work just pick your phone and here we are to serve you. How do I complain to Lloyd washing machine Repair Center Gachiwbowli ? we offer our service as ON demand of customers and their accessibility in this pandemic situation. Lloyd Washing Machine Repair Center Near Gachibowli Hyderabad We do have repair facility of PCB's and Drum cleaning at our service centers across Hyderabad. Lloyd is the top manufacturer in government program of make in india. How do I complain to Lloyd washing machine?

LLOYD has special features in Washing Machines

Having a trouble with extra clothes no problems. Here how it solves with its ' How do I complain to Lloyd washing machine? pause N add ' feature

you can access to all your extra works by washing your clothes within a quick time with its speed up mode ,which makes your clothes washable in quick minutes and relaxable with Lloyd's range of choicest washing machines

it has also got a 360 degree turbo which rotates and make your clothes dirt free with all around it. How do I complain to Lloyd washing machine? 

so with this Lloyd makes you a happy customer with its assured services with reserve you can assure that your product gets perfect care whenever and wherever you need having trouble of getting spare parts changed then here we are we deliver you the Guinean parts and service at your doorstep. Call eServe Lloyd Washing Machine Service Centre phone number Hyderabad 7337443380 for repair.

Lloyd Washing Machine Service Center Near Gachibowli Hyderabad- We’ve trained Lloyd washing machine mechanic for repair of all Lloyd Washing Machine Repair Center Near Gachibowli Phone Number all over Secunderabad and Hyderabad areas. eServe services center provides door-step services Solutions for Lloyd Washing Machine Front Load / Lloyd Washing Machine Top Load for not Gachibowli working , No drain, programme errors in allover Secunderabad and Hyderabad areas. We have been your brand Service Center in Hyderabad Since 2013. eServe serve you your Doorstep Across for Lloyd Washing Machine Service Center in Hyderabad. Lloyd Washing Machine Service Center Hyderabad number to book complaints 7337443380 / 7337443480 for eServe Lloyd washing machine service Centre Near Gachibowli Hyderabad contact number for instant help.

Lloyd washing machine service center At Gachibowli Hyderabad: We associate you with all experts inside your area who exhibit providers at your convenience. Together with best-fit products the ideal instruments and a professional, you can see that the product quality of our services offered by our authorities exceeds the quality. All you could want to do is allow us to understand your requirements and schedule a time for Appliances at-home services and Lloyd Washing Machine Repair Center Near Gachibowli Hyderabad be the planet’s largest corporation. To safeguard and make sure that security, all professionals have their backgrounds. What’s more, Lloyd Washing Machine Service Center Phone Number Gachibowli Repair aims to simplify your everyday activity having a wide selection of top-notch home solutions that not merely reduce your cost but save you on time and energy? Our qualified professionals are on time, every moment, following your convenience and assure you 100% satisfaction on most of the home services. Search for our services like Lloyd Washing Machine Repair Near Me, Lloyd Washing Machine Repair Service Near me, Lloyd washing machine service center near me, Lloyd Washing Machine Service Center in Hyderabad Telangana near me. eServe Lloyd washing machine customer care number Hyderabad 7337443380 / 7337443480 from eServe.

Lloyd Range of Product Services we repair

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[eserve4]

Lloyd Washing Machine Service Center Near Rajendra Nagar Hyderabad 7337443380

Lloyd Washing Machine Service Center Near Rajendra Nagar Hyderabad | eServe Providing best solutions for LLOYD Fully Automatic, Front Load, Top Load washing machines . eServe same day repair solutions for Lloyd Washing Machine Service Center Near Rajendra Nagar Phone Number problems like No drain ,  No wash , program errors,cleaning machine, not functioning, cycle rotating, dent or break off any part or any kind of work just pick your phone and here we are to serve you. How do I complain to Lloyd washing machine? we offer our service as ON demand of customers and their accessibility in this pandemic situation. Lloyd Washing Machine Repair Center Near Rajendra Nagar Hyderabad We do have repair facility of PCB's and Drum cleaning at our service centers across hyderabad. Lloyd is the top manufacturer in government program of make in india. How do I complain to Lloyd washing machine?

LLOYD has special features in Washing Machines

Having a trouble with extra clothes no problems. here how it solves with its ' How do I complain to Lloyd washing machine? pause N add ' feature

you can access to all your extra works by washing your clothes within a quick time with its speed up mode ,which makes your clothes washable in quick minutes and relaxable with Lloyd's range of choicest washing machines

it has also got a 360 degree turbo which rotates and make your clothes dirt free with all around it. How do I complain to Lloyd washing machine? 

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[hitechpcb]

What is PCB Assembly ?

PCB Assembly manufacturer - Hitech Circuits Co., Limited

 It’s the step in the manufacturing process in which you populate a blank board with the electronic components needed to make it into a functional printed circuit board. It’s these components that make a board into the circuit that enables an electronic product to function. PCB assembly typically takes place via one of two processes:

1. Surface-mount technology

SMT: SMT stands for “Surface Mount Technology“.  The SMT components are very small sizes and comes in various packages like 0201, 0402, 0603, 1608 packages for resistors and capacitors. Similarly for Integrated circuits ICs we have SOIC, TSSOP, QFP and BGA.

The SMT components assembly is very difficult for human hands and can be time taking process so it is mostly done by automated pick and place machine.

2. Through-hole manufacturing

THT: THT stands for “Through hole Technology”. The components with leads and wires, like resistors, capacitors, inductors, PDIP ICs, transformers, transistors, IGBTs, MOSFETS are example.

The component has to be inserted on one side of PCB and pulled by leg on other side and cut the leg and solder it. The THT components assembly is usually done by hand soldering and is relatively easy.

Printed Circuit Board Assembly Techniques

There are only two common PCBA techniques available for use by a PCB designer. The methods are:

1. Automated PCB Assembly Techniques

Generally, this technique employs the use of state of the art machines, which are fully automatic. For example, the surface mount components are worth positioning with the aid of an automated pick and place machine.

Again, reflow soldering is commonly for surface mount components usually done in a reflow oven. An automated solder stencil is also used to apply the solder paste on the PCB.

Finally, high tech inspection machines are used to confirm and check the quality of the PCBA. Some of which include: Automated optical inspection machine (AOI), X-ray inspection machines, etc.

Above all, due to the precise monitoring, control of soldering, no human input and versatile machines.

This technique ensures utmost efficiency, output consistencies, and limits defects.

2. Manual PCB Assembly Techniques

This method is favorite for use with through-hole parts, which needs manual placement on the board. Besides, with these through-hole parts, it’s advisable you use wave soldering. Note that in the through- hole assembly process, you need to place the components and electronics on the PCB.

After that, you use wave soldering to solder the leads. Typically, you will need an individual to insert a component into a marked PTH. Once done, transfer the PCB to the next station where the next person will be on standby tasked with fixing another part.

What are the Benefits of SMT PCB Assembly?

SMT assembly provides many benefits and some of them are as follows:

It can be used to incorporate small components.

In SMT, the components can be placed on both sides of the board.

It assures high component densities.

Fewer holes need to be drilled for surface mounting than through-hole.

It require low initial costs and time for setting up the mass production.

SMT is the simpler and faster-automated assembly when compared to through-hole.

Errors regarding the component placement can be easily rectified. 

Surface mount  PCBs feature strong joints, which can easily withstand vibrations. 

What are the techniques used in Surface Mount Technology?

There are several techniques for the reflow process. After applying the solder paste or a flux mixture on the board and after placing the components, the boards are conveyed to a reflow soldering oven. The techniques used for reflowing soldering include infrared lamps, hot gas convection, fluorocarbon liquids with a high boiling point, and so on.

What are the different testing methods used in SMT PCB Assembly?

Hitech Circuits as the PCB assembly manufacturer, we perform the following testing and inspection to ensure the quality of surface mount PCBs.

Automated Optical Inspection (AOI): This is performed before and after the soldering to identify the component placement, presence, and solder quality.

X-ray Testing: In this type of testing, the operator relies on the X-ray images of the PCB to check the solder joints and lead-less components such as Quad Flat Packs and ball grid arrays, which are generally not visible to naked eyes.

In-Circuit Testing (ICT): This method is used to detect manufacturing defects by testing the electrical properties in the SMT Assembly.

What type of files or documents should I send for SMT PCB Assembly? 

Gerber Files: The file contains all details of physical board layers including solder masks, copper layers, drill data, legends, and so on.  

Bill of Materials (BOM): This contains information on the list of items needed for the PCB manufacturing and the instructions of manufacturing. 

Pick and Place File: This file contains information on all components to be used in the PCB design and their rotation and X-Y coordinates.

The whole process of PCB Assembly

1. Bare board loader machine

The first step in the PCB assembly is to arrange the bare boards on the rack, and the machine will automatically send the boards one by one into the SMT assembly line.

2. Printing solder paste

When PCB on the SMT production line, firstly, we have to print solder paste on it, and the solder paste will be printed on the pads of the PCB. These solder pastes will be melt and solder the electronic parts to the circuit board when it passes through the high-temperature reflow oven.

In addition, when testing new products, some people will use film board/adhesive cardboard instead of solder paste, which can increase the efficiency for adjusting the SMT machines.

3. Solder paste inspection machine(SPI)

Since the quality of solder paste printing is related to the quality of welding of subsequent parts, some SMT factories will use optical machine to check the quality of solder paste after printed the solder paste in order to ensure stable quality. If there any poorly printed solder paste board, we will wash off the solder paste on it and reprint, or remove the excess solder paste if there is redundant solder paste on it.

4. High speed SMT machine

Usually, we will put some small electronic parts (such as small resistors, capacitors, and inductors) to be printed on the circuit board first, and these parts will be slightly stuck by the solder paste just printed on the circuit board, so even if the speed of printing is very fast and the parts on the board will not fall away. But large parts are not suitable for use in such high speed SMT machines, which will slow down the speed of small parts assembly. And the parts will be shifted from the original position due to the rapid movement of the board.

5. Universal SMT machine

Universal SMT machine is also known as "slow machine", it will be assembled some large electronic components, such as BGA IC, connectors, etc., these parts need more accurate positions, so the alignment is very important. Use a camera to take a picture to confirm the position of the parts, so the speed is much slower than High speed SMT machine we taked before. Due to the size of the components here, not all of them are packed in tape and reel, and some may be packed in trays or tubes. But if you want the SMT machine to recognize the trays or tube-shaped packaging materials, you must configure an additional machine.

Generally, traditional SMT machines are using the principle of suction to move electronic parts, and in order to place the parts successfully, and there must be the flat surface on these electronic components for the suction nozzle of the SMT machine to absorb. However, for some electronic parts don’t have a flat surface for these machines, and it is necessary to order special nozzles for these special-shaped parts, or add a flat tape on the parts, or wear a flat cap for thees electronic parts.

6. Manual parts or visual inspection

After assembled all parts by the high speed SMT machine or Universal SMT machine and before going through the high-temperature reflow oven, and we will set up a visual inspection station here and to pick out the deviation parts or missing components boards etc., because we have to use a soldering iron to repair if there are still defectives boards after passing the high-temperature oven, which will affect the quality of the product and will also increase the cost. in addition, for some larger electronic parts or traditional DIP parts or some special reasons cannot be processed by the SMT machine before, they will be manually placed on pcb here.

7. Reflow oven

The purpose of reflow oven is to melt the solder paste and form a non-metallic compound on the component feet and the circuit board, that means to solder electronic components on the circuit board. The temperature rise and fall curves often affect the soldering quality of the entire circuit board. According to the characteristics of the solder materials, usually the reflow oven will set the preheating zone, soaking zone, reflow zone, and cooling zone to achieve the best soldering effect.

For example, the melting point for SAC305 solder paste with lead-free is about 217°C, which means that the temperature of the reflow oven must be higher than the melting points to remelt the solder paste. What's more, the maximum temperature in the reflow furnace should not exceed 250°C, otherwise many parts will be deformed or melted because they cannot withstand such a high temperature.

Basically, after the pcb passed through the reflow oven, the assembly for the entire circuit board is almost complete. If there are hand-soldered parts, we need to transfer to DIP process, and then we have to check the quality after reflow oven by QC department.

8. Automatic optical inspection(AOI)

The main purpose of setting up AOI is because some high density boards can’t be process the following ICT test, so we used AOI inspection to replace it. But even using AOI inspections, there still have the blind spots for such checking, for example, the solder pads under the components cannot be checked by AOI. At present, it can only check whether the parts have side standing issue, missing parts, displacement, polarity direction, solder bridges, lack of soldering etc., but cannot checking the BGA solderability, resistance value, capacitance value, inductance value and other components quality, so far AOI inspection can’t completely replace ICT test.

Therefore, there is still some risk if only AOI inspection is used to replace ICT testing, but ICT test is also not 100% make sure the good quality, we suggest these two ways can be combined with together to make sure the good quality.

9. PCB unloader machine

After the board is fully assembled, it will be retracted to the unloder machine, which has been designed to allow the SMT machine to automatically pick and place the board without damaging the quality for PCB.

10. Visual inspection for finished products

Normally there will be a visual inspection area in our SMT production line whether there is an AOI station or not, and it will help to check if there are any defectives after completed assembled the pcbs. If there is an AOI station, it can reduce the visual inspection worker on our SMT line, and to reduce the potential cost, and because it is still necessary to check some places that cannot be judged by AOI, many SMT factories will provide the mainly visual inspection templates at this station, which is convenient for visual inspection worker to inspect some key parts and polarity for components.

11. DIP process

DIP process is a very important process in the whole PCBA processing, and the processing quality will directly affect the functional for PCBA boards, so it is necessary to pay more attention to the DIP process. There are many preliminary preparations for DIP process. The basic process is to re-process the electronic components first, like to cut the extra pins for some DIP components, our staff received the components according to the BOM list, and will check whether the material part numbers and specifications are correct or not, and performs pre-production pre-processing according to the PCBA samples. The steps are: Use various related equipment (automatic capacitor pins cutting machine, jumper bending machine, diode and triode automatic forming machine, automatic belt forming machine and other machines) for processing.

12. ICT test

Printed Circuit board open/short circuit test (ICT, In-Circuit Test), The purpose of ICT test is mainly to test whether the components and circuits on the printed circuit board are open or short issues. It can also measure the basic characteristics of most components, such as resistance, capacitance, and inductance values to judge whether the functions of these parts are damaged, wrong parts or missing parts etc. after passing through the high-temperature reflow oven.

ICT test machines are divided into advanced and basic machines. The basic ICT test machines are generally called MDA (Manufacturing Defect Analyzer). It’s just to measure the basic characteristics of electronic components and judge open and short circuits issue we talked above.

In addition to all the functions of the basic ICT test machines, for advanced ICT test machine can also test the whole PCBA by using power, start to testing the PCBA boards by setting the program in the test machine. The advantage is that it can simulate the function of the printed circuit board under the actual power-on condition, this test can partly replace the following functional test machine (Function Test). But the cost for the test fixture of this advanced ICT test can probably buy a car, it’s too expensive and we suggest it can be used in mass production products.

13. PCBA function test

Functional testing is to make up for the ICT test, because ICT only tests the open and short circuits on the the PCBA board, and other functions such as BGA and other fuctions are not tested, so it is necessary to use a functional testing machine to test all functions on the whole PCBA board.

14. Cutting board (assembly board de-panel)

Normally, printed circuit boards will be produced in panel, and it will be assembled to increase the efficiency of SMT production. It means several single boards in one panel, such as two-in-one, four-in-one etc. After finished all the pcb assembly process, it needs to be cut into single boards, and for some printed circuit boards with only single boards also need to cut off some redundant board edges.

There are several ways to cut the printed circuit board. You can design the V-cut using the blade cutting machine (Scoring) or directly manually break off the board (not recommended). For more high density circuit boards, it will be used the professional splitting machine or the router to split the board without any damage the electronic components and printed circuit boards, but the cost and working hours will be a little longer.

Why Choose Hitech Circuits PCB Assembly Manufacturer for Your PCB Assembly Projects?

There are several PCB manufacturers specializing in PCB assemblyservices. However, Hitech Circuits PCB Assembly stands out owing to the following:

Assistance in Material Procurement: 

Technically, in PCB assembly services, the quality of parts is the responsibility of the OEM; however, we ease your job by assisting you to make the right selection. We can help you procure all your parts of the same type own a single part number, thanks to our supply chain and vendor network as well as experience. This saves time and cost that goes in ordering single parts as you plan.

Testing procedures: 

We are very focused on quality and thus implement stringent testing procedures at each stage of the assembly and after completion.

Fast Turnaround Times: 

Our well-equipped facility and the right tools enable us to complete your requirements well before time, and without compromising on the quality or functioning of the PCBs. For simple designs we revert in 24 to 48 hours.

Cost Effectiveness: 

While PCB assembly is a cost-effective alternative, we go a step further and assure that the parts you list are of a good quality and suitable for your requirement. Also, you can control the part flow and replenish them as needed. This eliminates the need to buy extra stock and store it.

Quick Quote: 

We offer a quick quote based on your BOM. All you need is a detailed BOM, Gerber files, your application requirement sheet, and quantity.

We’re not one to stand still, which is why we use the latest equipment and the finest minds to create your PCB projects. We’re constantly keeping our finger on the pulse of the latest trends. And as a result, we know how to deliver the highest standards of PCB assembly to meet all your requirements.

Our dedicated, friendly customer service team also means that we support you every step of the way. Offering our expert guidance to ensure a complete PCB project that you’re happy with.

Contact us today

No matter what your printed circuit board assemblyneeds are, we always aim to deliver efficient, dependable solutions. For more information about our services, do not hesitate to get in touch with us today for a no-obligation quote