#everything is interconnected & interrelated

[probablyasocialecologist]

Scientists have not yet agreed on a precise definition of life, but many experts have phrased it more or less like this: Life is a system that actively sustains itself. The laws of thermodynamics dictate that everything in the universe will inevitably fall apart, dissolving into a homogenous mush. Living systems use available energy to temporarily evade this outcome and maintain their improbably organized structures. More than genetics or reproduction, it is this capacity for self-preservation that unites life at every scale, from protist to prairie. In this sense, ecosystems are very much alive. The feedbacks between ecosystems and the organisms within them, and their reciprocal evolution across great spans of time, culminate in an emergent capacity for extreme longevity that eclipses what is possible at the level of the individual. Although ecosystems are not organisms, they nevertheless demonstrate growth, resilience, and self-regulation. Those systems best able to recover from major disturbances, and maintain the processes, relationships, and infrastructure that define them, will endure the longest. Ecosystems survive and evolve not through differential reproduction, but through differential persistence. The tenacity of the planet’s longest-lived ecosystems reveals an essential characteristic of life at any scale: interconnection. By definition, all living things are systems made of smaller interrelated parts. Those systems are themselves inextricable from the larger networks that surround them. Every individual tree is a universe of mineral, water, and cell harboring sprawling communities of microbes and fungi. At the same time, a tree is a vital component of the larger forest, landscape, and even the very weather systems on which it depends. 

10 June 2024

[nicklloydnow]

“In my free time I was mainly occupied with my historical studies. Since my job made it almost impossible to carry books around with me, apart from a small "iron ration," I used to go to libraries and lectures. I also formed a theory. I imagined that we were living during the period before Actium, burdened with the curse of a universal war, and that this period would be followed by another, in which Actiades would be celebrated a series of great and peaceful centuries. Of course, in our lifetime we would only see misery.”[p. 55, 56]

“Today, China, Russia, and the United States, to say nothing of the mid-level and smaller powers, are all running a strange simulation of the Weimar Republic: that weak and wobbly political organism that governed Germany for 15 years from the ashes of World War I to the ascension of Adolf Hitler.

America’s Weimar syndrome may be obvious with the reelection of the institution-destroyer Donald Trump as president. But the entire world is one big Weimar now, connected enough for one part to mortally influence the other parts, yet not connected enough to be politically coherent. Like the various parts of the Weimar Republic, we find ourselves globally in an exceedingly fragile phase of technological and political transition.

I see no Hitler in our midst, or even a totalitarian world state. But don’t assume that the next phase of history will provide any relief to the present one. It is in the spirit of caution that I raise the subject of Weimar.

(…)

Germany during the Weimar period from 1918 to 1933 was a vast and barely united world unto itself, where the rules of order scarcely applied. It was less a government than a system of belligerent and far-flung competing parts, given the regional differences of a sprawling and, in historical terms, recently united Germany. Weimar’s “normal state was crisis,” writes the late historian Gordon A. Craig.

In that sense, Weimar was like our planet today: intimately connected, so as to have crises that cut across oceans, whether it be COVID-19, a global recession, great-power conflicts, Middle East wars, or unprecedented climate change. To recall Weimar is to emphasize and admit the growing interdependencies of our own world, and to accept moral responsibility for it. Like Weimar’s interrelated German states, all countries are now connected in ways in which a crisis for one can be a crisis for all. The Weimar phenomenon, therefore, becomes one of scale.

Weimar was one long cabinet crisis where everything always seemed to be at stake. Central authority exhausted itself just trying to preserve order, and in the final Weimar years, all anyone could talk about in Germany was daily politics. It was truly a permanent crisis, with one breathless series of headlines following another. The public and politicians both were caught up in the moment, in all of its intensity, unable to concentrate on what might come next because the present was so overwhelming.

(…)

Brüning’s cabinet of technocrats had been eaten away by extremist forces in the streets, both Nazis and communists. It may have been the last real chance the Weimar Republic had to right itself. History is Shakespearean as well as geopolitical, a matter of contingencies, and if Brüning had not had the personal limitations that he did, the history of the 20th century might have been vastly different.

The more abject the disorder, often the more extreme the tyranny to follow, and that brings us to Weimar’s last chapter.

(…)

Weimar constituted a vacuum eventually filled by Nazi totalitarianism. But our world today must have a different destiny. Like Weimar, it is an interconnected system of states in which no one really rules. But world geography is still a factor. The Earth is vast enough that no individual political force can really replicate what happened to Germany at the end of Weimar, a loose-limbed republic that covered only the geographical center of Europe. So rather than risk the rise of another Hitler, we are forced to wallow in one emergency or another without pause, as crises seep and ricochet across the globe.

Weimar is now a permanent condition for us, as we are connected enough by globalization and technology to affect each other intimately without having the possibility of true global governance. And that is not the worst outcome—since, had Hitler not arrived, Weimar might ultimately have righted itself. There are quite a few Weimar democracies in the developing world—such as Lebanon, Nigeria, and Bangladesh—and quite a few of them may yet succeed. The key is to make constructive use of our fears about Weimar, so as to be wary about the future without giving in to fate.

(…)

The smaller the world becomes because of technology, the more that every place in it matters. Every river and mountain range becomes strategic. A coup in Niger, like what happened there in 2023, that undermines anti-terrorism activities across a vast region of Africa, exposes the fragility of our world as much as an economic crisis in China. Think of an old wristwatch: so small, but once you start to take it apart, it suddenly becomes vast and complicated. Such is our globe today and in the coming decades.

Will this new global Weimar have the cataclysmic fate of the old German one? Or will it find a measure of stability like in 1920s Germany during the Stresemann years? For that interregnum might have continued indefinitely were it not for the Great Depression that afflicted the entire developed world and sent Weimar spiraling downward. COVID-19 and climate change, despite all the trouble they have caused, have not yet had the very targeted and cataclysmic effect on the globe that the Great Depression had on Germany, which brought Hitler to power. But give it all time. Climate change and pandemics are relentless—and this is to say nothing of wars and great-power fractures.

At the beginning of the 20th century, the British geographer Halford Mackinder electrified much of the intellectual world with his now famous “pivot” theory, which stated that since the Eurasian supercontinent was soon to be connected by railways, the “heartland,” or vast center of Eurasia, held the key to world power, as it was equidistant from all the strategic points in any direction. In building to that conclusion, Mackinder fathomed that the great European imperial powers, by expanding their political control into the most distant corners of Africa and Asia, had essentially mapped out the entire earth. There was no more room left to expand, meaning that their energies could no longer be expended in faraway conquests of jungles and deserts, and so the great powers would increasingly turn on each other.

According to Mackinder’s theory, wars would become worldwide in scale, as every place could be contested. Thus did Mackinder vaguely intuit two world wars and the Cold War decades before they happened.

“Every explosion of social forces,” Mackinder wrote in 1904, “instead of being dissipated in a surrounding circuit of unknown space and barbaric chaos, will [henceforth] be sharply re-echoed from the far side of the globe, and weak elements” in between “will be shattered in consequence.” Almost everywhere there will be consequential and connected human habitation, thus every place will become of critical importance. There will be no place to escape to. The great powers will be trapped together on a finite planet.

World War I may have represented the first time in such stark terms that the great powers of Europe and North America were all bound up in one system. But attrition of the same phenomenon—a tightening and shrinking Earth on account of technology—adds up to big change. Indeed, World War II saw all the major continents of the temperate zone—Europe, North America, and Asia—integrated into the same destructive conflict system: a world system that was only deepened and intensified during the almost half-century-long Cold War. And since then, into the 2020s, there has been a steady advance of high-tech military acquisitions that has made the world and its conflicts increasingly claustrophobic. Because every place is strategic, the possibilities of conflict become more numerous than ever. And yet no global government has ever been on the horizon.

Meanwhile, the great Eurasian land powers of China, Russia, North Korea, and Iran are locked in a conflict against a constellation of forces including the United States, its western Pacific allies, Ukraine, Israel, and moderate Sunni Arab states. A high-end arms race is underway in the Indo-Pacific region with a focal point of Taiwan and the South China Sea. A breakout of military hostilities there between the world’s largest and second-largest economies could be an extinction-level event for world financial markets, as well as for supply chains.

Truly, we are all trapped with each other. Isolationism, a concept that originated when it took a week to get to Europe by steamship, is not an option; neither is muscular interventionism, since it would be unsustainable given all the accelerating crises and the possibility of being periodically caught in a quagmire. As in Weimar, the need for wise global leadership and effective, rapid-fire decision-making increases by the day, just as it seems to recede before us. A tightening international crisis demands increased cooperation among states, even as globalization—which is a shallow vehicle compared to the naked territorial interests of these same states—is not nearly advanced enough to sustain it. The first half of the 21st century may be as frightening and revealing as the first half of the 20th.”

[mahayanapilgrim]

Emptiness in Buddhism: The Profound Doctrine of Śūnyatā

Emptiness (Skt. śūnyatā; Tib. སྟོང་པོ་ཉིད་, tongpa nyi, Wyl. stong pa nyid) — the absence of inherent existence in all phenomena, which was explained by the Buddha in the sutras of the second turning of the Wheel of Dharma, and further elaborated upon by masters such as Nagarjuna and Chandrakirti.

Emptiness, known as "śūnyatā" in Sanskrit and "tongpa nyi" in Tibetan, is a fundamental concept in Mahayana Buddhism that addresses the nature of reality and the absence of inherent existence in all phenomena. This profound concept was first expounded by Gautama Buddha in the sutras of the second turning of the Wheel of Dharma and has since been elaborated upon by eminent Buddhist masters, including Nagarjuna and Chandrakirti. Emptiness is a core element of Buddhist philosophy and has far-reaching implications for understanding the nature of existence, the self, and the path to enlightenment.

**The Concept of Emptiness (Śūnyatā)**

At its core, emptiness asserts that all phenomena, including objects, people, and concepts, lack inherent or independent existence. In other words, nothing exists in isolation or by itself. This concept challenges our conventional understanding of reality, which often relies on the assumption of independently existing entities. Instead, emptiness posits that everything is interconnected and interdependent.

This concept is often elucidated using the principle of dependent origination, which asserts that all things arise due to causes and conditions, and no phenomenon exists independently. The concept of emptiness does not imply that nothing exists but rather that things exist as interrelated and interdependent phenomena.

**Historical Development of Emptiness**

Gautama Buddha initially introduced the concept of emptiness in his teachings, especially during the second turning of the Wheel of Dharma. However, it was the Mahayana tradition that further developed and elaborated on this doctrine. Nagarjuna, a second-century Indian Buddhist philosopher, played a pivotal role in clarifying the concept of emptiness through his writings, particularly the Mulamadhyamakakarika (Fundamental Verses on the Middle Way). Nagarjuna's writings helped to systematically address and expound upon the implications of emptiness.

Following Nagarjuna, Chandrakirti, an Indian Buddhist philosopher from the 7th century, provided further insights into the concept of emptiness. His commentary on Nagarjuna's work, the Prasannapadā (Clear Words), became instrumental in shaping the understanding of emptiness in the Buddhist tradition.

**Implications of Emptiness**

Emptiness has profound implications for how we perceive ourselves, others, and the world. It challenges the notion of a fixed, unchanging self or soul (ātman) and instead emphasizes that the self is also empty of inherent existence. This understanding leads to a shift in perspective, as it encourages a more compassionate and interconnected way of relating to others and the world.

Furthermore, emptiness is closely linked to the concept of the Middle Way (Madhyamaka), which advocates avoiding the extremes of eternalism (the belief in inherent existence) and nihilism (the denial of existence). Embracing the Middle Way involves recognizing the conventional reality of the world while understanding its ultimate emptiness.

**Practical Application of Emptiness**

In practice, understanding emptiness is central to the path to enlightenment in Mahayana Buddhism. It helps practitioners realize the nature of reality and reduces the attachment to the illusion of inherent existence. By letting go of grasping at things as inherently real, individuals can attain a state of profound wisdom and compassion.

**Conclusion**

Emptiness, as expounded in Mahayana Buddhism, represents a profound insight into the nature of reality and the absence of inherent existence in all phenomena. It challenges conventional views of the world and the self, emphasizing interdependence and interconnectedness. The historical development of this concept by figures like Nagarjuna and Chandrakirti has greatly enriched Buddhist philosophy. Embracing emptiness is not only a philosophical exercise but also a practical path to enlightenment, fostering wisdom and compassion in the lives of those who seek to understand and apply this profound doctrine.

[hesbythecampfire]

Astronaut who spent 178 days in space shares the big 'lie' he realized after seeing the Earth

"I saw an iridescent biosphere teeming with life. I didn't see the economy. But since our human-made systems treat everything, including the very life-support systems of our planet, as the wholly owned subsidiary of the global economy, it's obvious from the vantage point of space that we're living a lie."

"We need to move from thinking economy, society, planet to planet, society, economy", (NASA astronaut Ron) Garan continued. "That's when we're going to continue our evolutionary process. "There's this light bulb that pops up where they realise how interconnected and interdependent we all are."

"We're not going to have peace on Earth until we recognize the basic fact of the interrelated structure of all reality," Garan added.

-via multiple news sources

[thetldrplace]

On Contradiction- Mao Zedong

Another essay from the Selected works of Mao Zedong- August 1937 

First off, the marxist use of contradiction needs to be understood as 'opposing natures that are interconnected and interrelated'; not as 'mutually exclusive statements or states', as defined in the law of non-contradiction. We use the verb to contradict, as meaning to deny a truth by asserting the opposite, which is closer to the Marxist usage. It is an opposite, but in the sense of a flip side of a coin... maybe that's a better way to understand it. Mao gives some examples that clarify: advance and retreat during war. One side advances, while the other retreats. Those are both opposite natures, but there is no advance without the other retreating. Now Mao (along with Marx, Engels, Lenin and Stalin, so he claims) insists that this discovery of Marx is the universal truth of everything, so that literally nothing exists without it. The main point is that we aren't to look at things as static, but constantly in motion.  

Mao lists 6 philosophical problems that need to be clarified in order to come to a fundamental understanding of materialist dialectics. 

1 There are two outlooks: the metaphysical and dialectical conceptions of the world 

The metaphysical outlook is idealist and sees the things as isolated, static, and one-sided. It sees the universe and its components as eternally isolated from each other and immutable. Movement is created from external forces. 

The dialectical materialist conception is to understand a thing in relation to other things, since each thing is interrelated and interacts with the things around it. The fundamental cause of movement isn't external, but internal contradictions (opposing natures) within the thing. These contradictions are also the fundamental cause of its development. Changes in the nature of the thing are due chiefly to the development of the internal contradictions in society. 

2 The universality of contradiction 

There is nothing that does not contain contradiction, and without contradiction, nothing would exist. Life consists precisely and primarily in that a being is at each moment itself, and yet something else. Life is therefore also a contradiction which is present in things and processes themselves. 

3 The particularity of contradiction 

While all things have contradictions, each form of motion has its particular contradiction. Mao lists several examples: positive and negative numbers in math, action and reaction in physics, dissociation and combination in chemistry, forces of production and relations of production in social sciences, offense and defense in military sciences, etc. The main point is to identify the particular contradictions of the thing studied so that it can be understood. 

4 The principle contradiction and the principal aspect of a contradiction 

There can be many contradictions in the process of development of a thing, but there will be a principal contradiction whose existence and development determine the influence and existence of the other contradictions. Mao gives the example of capitalist society: the proletariat and bourgeoisie form the principal contradiction. Other contradictions between the remnant feudal class and the bourgeoisie, between the petty bourgeoisie and the bourgeoisie, etc are all determined by the principal contradiction. In any complex situation where there are many contradictions, every effort must be made to determine the principal contradiction. Once that is identified, all problems can be readily solved. 

Every contradiction is made up of two contradictory aspects, which are uneven. The nature of a thing is going to be made up primarily of the principal aspect of a contradiction- the aspect which has gained the dominant position. 

5 The identity and struggle of the aspects of a contradiction 

The contradictory aspects�� in every process exclude each other, struggle with each other, and are in opposition to one another. But no contradictory aspect can exist in isolation: without the opposite aspect, each loses the condition for its existence. So each is the condition for the other's existence, and this is the first meaning of identity. The second, and more important meaning is their transformation into each other. 

"Under socialism, private peasant ownership is transformed into the public ownership of socialist agriculture; this has already taken place in the Soviet Union and will take place everywhere else. There is a bridge leading from private property to public property, which in philosophy is called identity, or transformation into each other, or interpenetration. 

"To consolidate the dictatorship of the proletariat or the dictatorship of the people is in fact to prepare the conditions for abolishing this dictatorship and advancing to the higher stage when all state systems are eliminated." 

All contradictory things are interconnected and transform themselves into each other. This is just how things are in objective reality. But the identity of opposites only exists in necessary given conditions. 

6 The place of antagonism in contradiction 

Antagonism is one form, but not the only form, of the struggle of opposites. Before a bomb explodes, it is a single entity in which the opposites coexist in given conditions. The explosion takes place only when a new condition- ignition, is present. 

"It is impossible to accomplish any leap in social development and to overthrow the reactionary ruling classes and therefore impossible for the people to win political power. Social revolution is not only entirely necessary but also entirely practicable, and the whole history of mankind and the triumph of the Soviet Union have confirmed this scientific truth." 

Mao writes this: "At present, the contradiction between correct and incorrect thinking in our party does not manifest itself in antagonistic form, and if comrades who have committed mistakes can correct them, it will not develop into antagonism. Therefore the Party must on the one hand wage a serious struggle against erroneous thinking, and on the other give the comrades who have committed errors ample opportunity to wake up." 

Dave Notes: 

I'm not convinced the Marxist materialist dialectic is all that useful. I feel like Mao's characterization of its opposite is a caricatured straw-man version in general, and probably inapplicable in many instances. In other words, the opposite side isn't really so one-sided as is portrayed by the worshippers of Marx. 

But even granting the premises for a moment: they state that contradictions are inherent and nothing exists without contradiction. But then seem to be looking forward to a communist utopia where no contradictions exist. Perhaps I'm reading this incorrectly, but that's a logical contradiction. 

Also, while Mao occasionally gives some examples of how this works, some of the examples he gives seem like real stretches, and most of his examples are Marx's assertions about contradictions in capitalist society. 

 But in the last section I note the ominous statements about comrades who have committed incorrect thinking, which if persisted in, would necessitate the Party engaging in a serious struggle against them. 

This runs into one of the core necessities of any totalitarian system: the necessity for one person to decide what exactly counts as orthodoxy. This is NOT a democratic system. Communists don't vote about what will be official policy. As Mao makes clear, there is right thinking, and the rest is wrong thinking. But given that any two people will disagree over some things, these totalitarian systems always come down to needing one person, or at most, a very small group of people, to make the decision on what exactly is going to count as orthodoxy. The outside opinions are then going to be considered heterodox and wrong thinking. And as we can see from Mao's writing here: such wrong thinking will have to be seriously purged from the party.  

[nikshahxai]

Nik Shah Explores and Understands Diverse Spiritual and Religious Belief Systems for a Holistic Approach to Life

In an ever-evolving world where cultures and philosophies intermingle, understanding the diverse spiritual and religious belief systems becomes more important than ever. The diversity of belief systems influences not only individual lives but also shapes societies and global relationships. One individual who embodies a deep commitment to exploring these belief systems is Nik Shah, an entrepreneur, leader, and thought influencer. His exploration of various spiritual and religious perspectives allows him to develop a comprehensive understanding of humanity’s deepest questions, offering him unique insights into leadership, personal growth, and social harmony.

Nik Shah's approach to understanding these diverse belief systems is rooted in curiosity, respect, and open-mindedness. His exploration does not merely focus on surface-level knowledge but dives deeply into the philosophies, traditions, and practices that make each belief system unique. This article will delve into how Nik Shah approaches spiritual and religious beliefs, how his journey enhances his personal and professional life, and how others can adopt a similar open-minded approach to navigating the complexities of global spirituality.

Who is Nik Shah?

Nik Shah is an influential entrepreneur, thought leader, and philanthropist known for his ability to integrate philosophical and spiritual teachings into his professional and personal life. A lifelong learner, Nik has explored various spiritual and religious belief systems to better understand the world, human nature, and the complex interrelations between different faith traditions. His curiosity extends beyond mere knowledge—he is deeply invested in using these teachings to inform his business strategies, leadership style, and daily actions.

Nik's interest in spirituality and religion allows him to engage meaningfully with individuals from diverse backgrounds, fostering understanding and cooperation in an increasingly interconnected world. His approach to these belief systems is not one of judgment but rather one of learning, empathy, and mutual respect. As he explores and integrates these belief systems into his life, he offers a model of how embracing diversity can lead to greater personal development, global harmony, and ethical business practices.

The Importance of Understanding Diverse Belief Systems

Religious and spiritual belief systems are a central part of human existence, providing meaning, purpose, and guidance to billions of people around the world. These systems influence everything from individual morality to large-scale social and political movements. Understanding the diversity of beliefs in the world is critical for promoting peace, fostering empathy, and facilitating cross-cultural understanding.

For Nik Shah, embracing the diversity of spiritual and religious traditions is essential for cultivating a deeper sense of connection with others. By exploring multiple spiritual and religious belief systems, he is able to develop a more holistic worldview, one that recognizes the richness of human experience and the potential for unity despite our differences. In his leadership and entrepreneurship, Nik emphasizes the importance of recognizing these belief systems' positive contributions to human well-being and societal development.

Fostering Compassion and Tolerance

One of the key benefits of exploring spiritual and religious beliefs is fostering compassion and tolerance. When we take the time to understand the traditions and values of others, we break down barriers of misunderstanding and prejudice. This commitment to tolerance is essential in a multicultural world where conflict often arises due to religious and spiritual differences. For Nik Shah, embracing this understanding means creating inclusive spaces in both his business ventures and personal relationships, where everyone can feel heard, respected, and valued.

Broadening Personal and Professional Perspectives

For an entrepreneur like Nik Shah, exploring spirituality and religion is a way of broadening his perspective on life and business. Spiritual teachings often emphasize values such as integrity, empathy, and community, which are crucial for ethical leadership and sustainable business practices. Nik uses his understanding of different belief systems to navigate challenges in leadership and business with a grounded, ethical approach, ensuring that his actions are always aligned with his core values.

Nik Shah’s Exploration of Key Spiritual and Religious Belief Systems

Nik Shah’s exploration of spiritual and religious belief systems spans a wide range of traditions, including those rooted in ancient philosophies, as well as contemporary movements. Below, we’ll explore some of the belief systems that have influenced his perspective and how they have shaped his approach to life and leadership.

Hinduism: The Concept of Dharma and Karma

Hinduism, one of the world’s oldest and most diverse spiritual traditions, has deeply influenced Nik Shah’s understanding of spirituality. The concepts of dharma (one’s moral duty) and karma (the law of cause and effect) have shaped how Nik approaches his personal life and business practices. In Hinduism, dharma emphasizes living in accordance with one’s moral responsibilities, which has resonated with Nik’s commitment to ethical leadership and social responsibility.

The principle of karma, which asserts that every action has consequences, also informs Nik Shah’s decision-making. By understanding that his actions have both immediate and long-term effects, Nik strives to make decisions that align with integrity, compassion, and fairness. This understanding helps him navigate difficult business situations while remaining true to his values.

Buddhism: The Path to Enlightenment

Buddhism has been another key influence on Nik Shah’s exploration of spirituality. The teachings of the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path provide a framework for overcoming suffering and achieving enlightenment through right understanding, intention, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, and concentration. For Nik, Buddhism emphasizes the importance of mindfulness and self-awareness, which are crucial for both personal and professional growth.

Nik Shah practices mindfulness techniques to stay present and make thoughtful, conscious decisions. This practice helps him cultivate a sense of inner peace and equanimity, even in the face of adversity. By integrating the core principles of Buddhism, Nik enhances his emotional intelligence, communication skills, and ability to empathize with others, all of which are essential traits for effective leadership.

Christianity: Love, Forgiveness, and Grace

Christianity, with its emphasis on love, forgiveness, and grace, has also influenced Nik Shah’s personal philosophy. The teachings of Jesus Christ encourage individuals to love their neighbors, forgive those who have wronged them, and act with humility and kindness. Nik Shah embraces these values, recognizing the power of compassion and empathy in building strong relationships and fostering community.

The principle of forgiveness, in particular, is one that resonates with Nik, as it allows individuals to release negativity, promote healing, and move forward with a renewed sense of purpose. Nik applies this principle in his business interactions, always seeking to forgive and collaborate with others, rather than hold grudges or act out of resentment.

Islam: The Importance of Justice and Charity

Islam teaches the importance of justice, charity, and community welfare, principles that align with Nik Shah’s belief in social responsibility. The concept of zakat (charitable giving) is particularly influential in Nik’s approach to philanthropy. By recognizing the importance of giving back to society, Nik ensures that his business ventures are not just focused on profits but also on making a positive impact in the communities they serve.

Nik’s study of Islamic teachings also deepens his understanding of the need for justice in all aspects of life, from economic equality to personal integrity. The principles of justice and equity guide his decisions in the business world and contribute to his commitment to creating more inclusive and fair workplaces.

Secular Humanism: Ethics Without Religion

In addition to religious belief systems, secular humanism has played a role in shaping Nik Shah’s worldview. Secular humanism promotes the idea that humans can lead ethical lives without reliance on religious beliefs. Instead, it focuses on reason, ethics, and justice, grounded in human experience. This philosophy resonates with Nik’s commitment to human rights, social justice, and the importance of using rational thinking to address global challenges.

Nik Shah advocates for ethical decision-making based on empathy, evidence, and the well-being of others. His approach is centered on the belief that individuals can create meaningful lives and contribute to society in a positive way, irrespective of religious affiliation.

How Nik Shah Integrates Spirituality and Religion Into His Life

Nik Shah’s approach to spiritual and religious belief systems is both practical and reflective. He integrates the teachings of various traditions into his daily life, leadership, and business practices. Here are a few key ways that Nik applies these belief systems:

Promoting Ethical Leadership: Nik uses the moral frameworks of various traditions to guide his leadership decisions, ensuring that his actions align with values such as integrity, fairness, and justice.

Cultivating Compassion and Mindfulness: Practices like mindfulness, meditation, and active listening are core to Nik’s daily routine, allowing him to stay grounded and empathetic in both personal and professional relationships.

Building Community: Whether through charity initiatives or fostering collaboration in the workplace, Nik prioritizes the creation of communities built on mutual respect, trust, and support.

Encouraging Personal Growth: Through his exploration of spirituality and religion, Nik encourages continuous self-reflection and growth. He uses the teachings of various belief systems to refine his own understanding and help others achieve their full potential.

Conclusion

Nik Shah’s deep exploration of spiritual and religious belief systems provides a valuable model for those seeking a more comprehensive understanding of the world and their place in it. By embracing the wisdom of traditions ranging from Hinduism and Buddhism to Christianity, Islam, and secular humanism, Nik fosters a more open-minded, inclusive approach to life and leadership. His journey serves as a reminder that understanding diverse belief systems not only enriches our personal lives but also helps create a more compassionate and just world. Whether in business, personal development, or community building, Nik’s exploration of spirituality and religion empowers others to live with greater purpose, empathy, and wisdom.

Explore More on @nikshahxai

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About the Authors

For more information about Nik Shah's digital presence, as well as insights from contributing authors such as Nanthaphon Yingyongsuk, Sean Shah, Gulab Mirchandani, Darshan Shah, Kranti Shah, John DeMinico, Rajeev Chabria, Francis Wesley, Sony Shah, Dilip Mirchandani, Nattanai Yingyongsuk, Subun Yingyongsuk, Theeraphat Yingyongsuk, and Saksid Yingyongsuk, click here to explore further.

References

Shah, N.. (n.d.). Archive.org

Nik Shah 90210. (n.d.). Blogger

[giankumar-blog1]

SPIRITUAL ATHEIST

A theist is a person who believes in the existence of God and deities without explanation. On the other hand, an atheist denies all religious beliefs of God or gods in any form or gender. A spiritual person is more of an atheist since he does not believe in any religious views or the presence of a God with a name and gender. He relies upon righteous living with good intentions and attitude in an actively calm manner, transcending towards that feeling of selflessness. A spiritual atheist embraces practices of spirituality without subscribing to beliefs of the supernatural as conventionally understood. The spiritual path involves self-exploration while experiencing a profound connection within the universe that embodies various forms of energy. To a spiritual atheist, God is a flow of supreme energy that is omnipotent, omniscient, and omnipresent, where all that exists is interconnected, interrelated, and interdependent in unity and continuity. Humans are endowed with this sublime spirit to express and exhibit their divine qualities through spiritual deeds in divinity from the inherent potentiality of divineness  – That Art Thou.

Rationalism and spirituality coexist in spiritual atheism by valuing spiritual experiences while maintaining a non-theistic outlook. Unlike traditional atheism, which often ignores such experiences, spiritual atheism believes in a fulfilling spiritual life without religious regulations or belief in a supernatural being. Through reason and evidence, spiritual atheists explore human consciousness, life's interconnectedness, and the mysteries of existence. They appreciate the cosmos' wonders without ascribing them to a supernatural realm. 

Mindfulness, meditation, and introspection are essential in spiritual-ness, nurturing self-awareness, stress control, and emotional depth. By advocating moral values, empathy, and social justice, spiritual atheists prioritize ethical and compassionate living and view moral behavior as advantageous for personal and societal well-being. They recognize the universe's interconnected nature and embrace scientific findings, particularly in quantum physics, as valuable insights into human existence. For those seeking a meaningful life beyond religious limitations, spiritual atheism provides a path that harmonizes spirituality and logic, endorsing values of interconnectedness, ethical behavior, and individual and collective development.

A spiritual atheist embarks on a journey of self-discovery, seeking answers not from any divine source but through human experiences and interactions with nature. They explore life's meaning, purpose, and interconnectedness with all that exists without invoking the supernatural. Various practices and techniques like meditative awareness from moment to moment while witnessing one's thoughts, feelings, and actions are employed not for spiritual enlightenment but to enhance mental clarity and emotional balance; this approach counters ego-consciousness with a profound belief in selfless service and the significance of spiritual growth.

The individual spirit is that being-ness, the source of all fresh and intuitive information that keeps your mind awake, active, aware, attentive, and alive to enhance your self-awareness and self-consciousness. The spiritual endeavors with self-knowledge beyond body and mind move toward self-awakening and self-awareness to achieve greater consciousness, as Krishna, Jesus, and Buddha did. He knows that we are all interconnected and interdependent in unity and continuity. He does not believe but recognizes that if you do not know your true self, what good is believing in a supernatural God as the Creator? God's existence cannot be attributed to a human, a gender, or a thing because it is the foundation or essence of everything. God is that infinite abstract metaphysical supreme energy that allows all finite existences, from subatomic particles to stars, to appear and disappear for the span of their existence. This divine energy is known as awareness in spiritual words. All realities become existential in the cosmos and unfold for our mind to observe, perceive and conceive after we are aware.

Awareness is the basis of all-knowing, manifesting in every perception to be conceived through consciousness. This means aware energy is the foundation of all we perceive – God or the Universe exists because our supreme energy of awareness says so. The highest quality of life is understanding anything with clarity, emphasizing the role of awareness. God-realization indicates spiritual intelligence through self-awareness, providing higher consciousness to know that the Creator and the creation are the same.

After all, what is a thought? We also know the mind is nothing but thought. Thought is a flow of electromagnetic energies carrying information in the brain. Where does this information originate? Thought is purely mechanical unless it becomes aware and, after that, conscious. This means for your mind to be aware, you require an awareness. Thus, thought is the objective of the subject of awareness, which qualifies as the presence of our being-ness. Therefore, all that eternally exists is being-ness/awareness as the supreme ability of energy, making the mind first aware and then conscious, activating thoughts to proceed with mental activity. 

In this manner, the self in everyone is determined by its intensity of aware energy indicated by the suffix of its -ness equating with universal self in totality, which the Upanishads propounded as Parabrahman (supreme power), ParamAtama (beyond soul) or Parmeshwar (beyond of all beyond). Today, Quantum Science refers to the same as energy, from which everything appears and disappears for the period of its existence, including our body and mind. Therefore, in the spiritual journey from self-awakening experience to its realization, one realizes there is no self to conceive. Self is a misnomer indicating toward body and mind, which is the quantum of what you are. Both belong to you as yours; the quality of who you are is determined not by the self but from the presence of its being-ness in selflessness in total awareness.

There is no god or deity present in the subject of spiritualism. You are God, Guru, and Self as one, not two – "Advait". The Creator and creations are the same: absoluteness (totality) inside that wholeness contains nothing but waves of vibrating energy with abilities to condense into solids, liquids or gases, or, say, matter and consciousness in the nothingness of this universe. Out of all the skills expressed and exhibited by energy, awareness is the most sublime and supreme, responsible for activating our consciousness in the mind to feel, think, intend, and experience. I reiterate that the subject of spiritualism is the pursuit of any individual spirit to realize the ultimate truth. Only because of you as aware energy - God and the Universe exist. There is no "I, me, or mine" in spirituality. You are that is-ness, the quality or state of being in the spirit in a selfless state of awareness within that being-ness, from which one can observe, perceive and measure the observable. The source of all intelligence before any thoughts emerge spontaneously and intuitively. What cannot be observed remains a mystery, which science has yet to explore, discover, create, experience, and reflect from its intensity of awareness. Spiritual aware energy is eternal, the supreme ability of energy, the divine resting within. Rest remains temporal to appear and disappear into that nothingness from where they emerged. It is the final truth of an authentic spiritualist. 

NAMASTE For more information please visit www.giankumar.com

[gautam-101]

Astrology and Indigenous Wisdom: Bridging the Gap Between Ancestral Teachings and Modern Insights

Introduction

Astrology, the ancient practice of understanding celestial influences on human affairs, holds a profound connection with indigenous wisdom from cultures around the world. For millennia, indigenous societies have revered the stars, planets, and cosmic rhythms as guiding forces intertwined with human existence. Their teachings encompass not only celestial phenomena but also the interconnectedness of all life forms, emphasizing harmony, balance, and reverence for nature.

In recent times, there has been a resurgence of interest in indigenous wisdom and its intersection with astrology. People are increasingly drawn to the depth of knowledge embedded in ancestral teachings, seeking to integrate these insights into their spiritual and personal development journeys. This convergence offers a powerful opportunity to enrich our understanding of astrology and reconnect with the profound wisdom of our ancestors.

In this blog post, we will explore the fascinating parallels between astrology and indigenous wisdom, highlighting how these ancient traditions converge to offer profound insights into the human experience. By delving into the shared principles, symbology, and practices of astrology and indigenous cultures, we can deepen our connection with the cosmos and tap into the timeless wisdom passed down through generations.

Also read - Exploring Ancient Wisdom of Vedic Astrology and Palmistry

Cosmic Harmony and Interconnectedness:

Indigenous cultures view the universe as a web of interconnected energies, where everything is imbued with spirit and purpose. Similarly, astrology perceives the cosmos as a harmonious system of interrelated forces, with each celestial body exerting its unique influence on earthly existence.

By embracing this perspective, we recognize our place within the cosmic tapestry, fostering a sense of unity and reverence for all life forms. Both astrology and indigenous wisdom remind us of the importance of honoring the interconnectedness of existence and living in harmony with nature's rhythms.

Sacred Cycles and Natural Rhythms:

Indigenous cultures have long observed and honored the cyclical patterns of nature, celebrating seasonal changes, lunar phases, and celestial events. Likewise, astrology recognizes the significance of cosmic cycles, such as the movements of the planets through the zodiac and the rhythms of the lunar cycle.

By attuning ourselves to these natural rhythms, we align with the ebb and flow of life, harnessing the potent energy of each cosmic phase for growth and transformation. Both astrology and indigenous wisdom teach us to respect the cyclical nature of existence and embrace change as an inherent part of the cosmic dance.

Chat here: Chat with astrologer online

Symbolism and Mythology:

Symbolism plays a central role in both astrology and indigenous cultures, serving as a language to convey profound truths and spiritual insights. Whether through celestial symbols or sacred motifs, both traditions use symbols to communicate universal principles and archetypal energies.

Exploring the rich tapestry of mythologies woven into astrology and indigenous teachings unveils timeless wisdom encoded in stories passed down through generations. By deciphering these symbolic narratives, we gain deeper insights into our own psyche and collective consciousness, unlocking hidden truths and potentials.

Ceremony and Ritual:

Rituals and ceremonies form an integral part of indigenous cultures, serving as sacred practices to honor the divine, seek guidance from ancestors, and mark significant life transitions. Similarly, astrology offers a myriad of rituals and practices to attune with celestial energies, from planetary invocations to astrological talismans.

By engaging in ceremonial practices inspired by both astrology and indigenous wisdom, we create sacred space to connect with the divine within and without. These rituals serve as bridges between the earthly realm and the celestial spheres, facilitating spiritual communion and personal transformation.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the convergence of astrology and indigenous wisdom offers a profound opportunity to reconnect with ancestral teachings and integrate ancient insights into our modern lives. By recognizing the shared principles of cosmic harmony, sacred cycles, symbolism, and ritual, we deepen our understanding of the interconnectedness of all things and our place within the universe.

As we honor the wisdom of our ancestors and embrace the guidance of the stars, we embark on a journey of self-discovery, healing, and spiritual growth. Through astrology and indigenous wisdom, we reclaim our innate connection to the cosmos and awaken to the beauty and mystery of existence. Let us tread this path with reverence, humility, and gratitude, honoring the legacy of our ancestors and embracing the unfolding journey of our souls amidst the infinite expanse of the cosmos.

Have any questions? Speak with an astrologer: Download the App Now

[sadibouthespiritualhealer]

What Makes Voodoo Protection a Powerful Spiritual Safeguard?

In the sphere of spirituality, the notion of protection is extremely important. It becomes more important to protect oneself against negative energy and evil forces as we walk the complex routes of life. Voodoo Protection stands out as a powerful and enigmatic force among the different spiritual traditions that have endured through the ages, rooted in history and having significant cultural resonance. Voodoo Healing is a sophisticated spiritual practice with a rich tapestry of rituals and beliefs, not just a superstition or a Hollywood cliché. Its effectiveness as a strong defense against hardship stems from a variety of factors that make it a distinctive and formidable force in the spiritual world. Let's examine the intricacies of what Voodoo Protection encompasses.

The Invocation of Ancestral Spirits: 

The deep regard for ancestor spirits forms the core of Voodoo Protection. Ancestors are seen as protectors and guides by practitioners, and they sincerely believe in their power and presence. Practitioners forge deep bonds with their ancestors via complex rituals and invocations to ask for their guidance and protection. This connection to the ancestral world provides a sense of rootedness as well as a potent barrier that is said to ward off evil spirits and protect against psychic damage.

Ritualistic Magic and Symbolism: 

Voodoo Protection is interconnected with a variety of ritualistic practices that are brimming with symbolic significance. Every ceremony is painstakingly planned to harness the energies of nature and channel them toward protection, from the usage of holy artifacts to the recitation of old incantations. The symbolic energy ingrained in these rituals acts as a conduit to increase the spiritual energy, forming a shield that is said to fend off evil forces and provide harmony and balance to the practitioner's life.

The Bond With Nature and the Divine: 

Voodoo Healing is fundamentally based on nature. The elements of nature are held in the highest regard by practitioners, who see them as representations of divine energy. Practitioners connect with the primordial energies that control the universe by synchronizing their movements with the beat of nature. This peaceful connection to nature instills a feeling of equilibrium and tranquility, allowing people to develop a spiritual shield that is both robust and tuned into the larger cosmic order.

The Concept of Harmony and Balance: 

The idea of harmony and balance is fundamental to the practice of voodoo protection. Practitioners work to maintain a delicate balance between the material and spiritual worlds because they think that everything is interrelated. They develop a barrier around themselves that protects them from the discord and confusion that frequently thwart life's natural flow by fostering this balance. The emphasis on balance not only strengthens spiritual defense but also promotes resilience and inner calm.

The Power of Collective Consciousness: 

Voodoo Protection flourishes in a strong connected community. The spiritual force is amplified by the practitioners' combined consciousness, which forges a powerful barrier that surpasses personal bounds. Shared rituals and beliefs create a feeling of community and solidarity, which in turn creates a strong spiritual force that is greater than the limitations of the individual ego. This group's combined strength acts as a potent barrier, encasing the neighborhood in a sense of security and resiliency.

In essence, Voodoo Protection is a way of life that combines the spiritual with the worldly, the visible, and the invisible. Voodoo Preservation delivers a powerful sense of security and empowerment through its complicated practices, empowering people to face life's challenges with resiliency and grace. Voodoo Protection serves as a monument to the tenacity of the human spirit and its unchanging link to the divine powers that control the cosmos by utilizing the power of ancestral spirits, ceremonial magic, nature, balance, and collective awareness.

[etherealpagesmedia]

The Hermetic Principle of Correspondence is one of the fundamental principles of Hermeticism, an ancient esoteric tradition that traces its roots back to the teachings of Hermes Trismegistus. This principle states that there is a correspondence and connection between all levels of reality, and as above, so below. According to the Principle of Correspondence, the macrocosm (the universe) reflects the microcosm (the individual), and vice versa. This means that the patterns and laws that govern the cosmos are mirrored in atom as well as the galaxy, theoretically ad infinitum. The idea of Correspondence suggests that everything in the universe is interconnected and interrelated. This concept has far-reaching implications, both in the realms of spirituality and practical applications. Despite it’s usefulness, the law of correspondence is often misunderstood. Common misconceptions include the idea that it implies causation or the idea that comparable things correspond. On a spiritual level, the Principle of Correspondence invites individuals to recognize the divine spark within themselves and see the interconnectedness of all life. It teaches that every thought, action, and emotion has an impact not only on oneself but on the broader universe. Practically, understanding Correspondence allows individuals to apply the wisdom of the universe to their lives. By recognizing patterns and analogies, one can gain insights into various situations and make better decisions. It also opens doors to explore different systems of knowledge, such as astrology, tarot, and alchemy, which are based on the idea of Correspondence as well as other Hermetic Principles.

[bondadanagaraju]

Bondada Nagaraju: Crafting a Model for Cash Flow Statement

The company's usage of a broad variety of data sources, such as sales monitoring software, CapEx files kept by the CFO, and inventory reporting metrics from the procurement team, to mention a few, is the most typical explanation. When anything goes wrong amongst all of these sources, major imbalances in a model emerge fast. Bondada Nagaraju shows how to build a cash flow statement model.

Bondada Najaraju: Create Cash Flow Statement Model

I've worked on a number of financial due diligence projects for mergers and acquisitions in where data provenance was a concern. For starters, it causes the customer to have questions and concerns: "How can we trust the accuracy of the numbers if different sources produce different results?" This can either be a deal breaker or undermine faith in the team's capacity to perform. Second, it incurs additional expenses due to the additional labour necessary to discover the missing components, resulting in more labour hours on both sides of the transaction. All of this may be prevented by following a rigid yet basic methodology:

Create financial models that integrate the three basic accounting statements correctly: income statement, balance sheet, and profit and loss.

The steps below will walk you through the process of ensuring that your cash flow is constantly balanced and tallies. I'll also discuss how the various lines of the cash flow statement are interrelated and why balance sheet accounts, notably Net Working Capital, are important to getting everything to function. To facilitate your understanding, I've also produced a sample spreadsheet that exhibits the needed interconnectivity.

Bondada Najaraju: How to Prepare a Cash Flow Statement

There are two techniques to build a cash flow statement. The direct technique starts with the company's real cash inflows and outflows, whereas the indirect method starts with the profit and loss statement and balance sheet. Because the direct technique requires granular reporting, which can be time-consuming, the latter is the more usually seen option.

What we intend to accomplish is outlined below. Although it appears easy, each line reflects a series of prior computations.

How to Enhance Your Cash Flow Statement Procedures?

Incorporating classical accounting knowledge can prove advantageous, although not obligatory. The objective of devising a cash flow format, as illustrated above, is to meticulously assess and comprehend the cash inflows and outflows of the business across various categories such as operating, financing, and investing. Now that you possess a dynamic cash flow statement connected to the balance sheet, let us delve deeper. To achieve that, ponder upon the subsequent queries:

Are All Accounts Appropriately Categorized? This entails a forensic exercise necessitating a thorough review of each line account in your accounting software. After analyzing the data, it would be prudent to engage in discussions with the financial controller or CFO to resolve any discrepancies in the proper classification of items.

Trade payables on CapEx serve as a classic example in this scenario (i.e., outstanding payments due to fixed asset providers). This account is often included in trade payables (under current liabilities), thereby being classified as net working capital. If such is the case, you must exclude it from NWC and include it in the cash flows from investing (CFI) section.

Assuming a +1 movement in trade payables on CapEx between December 18 and December 19, the following adjustments would be made to our cash flow statement based on the aforementioned example:

Constructing a Cash Flow Statement

Does the Presentation Reflect Actual Cash Inflows and Outflows? Distinguishing between cash and non-cash can be perplexing for the uninitiated. For instance, what should be considered as "cash EBITDA" if Company A sold an item for $40 that was purchased for $10 in cash last year, but the customer is yet to make the payment? Should it be $30 (revenue minus COGS, excluding other OpEx)? Or should it be $0 (given that the item was paid for last year, and no proceeds have been collected yet)?

When analyzing cash generation, people often overlook the significance of combining NWC and EBITDA. It is crucial to remember that when a so-called "non-cash item" impacts EBITDA, it also affects a balance sheet account. As a cash flow builder, it falls upon you to ascertain which one, and the answer frequently lies within the accounts comprising net working capital!

Provisions serve as a typical example of "non-cash items." Remember that provisions are intended to influence today's P&L in anticipation of future expenses. Based on this definition, it is evident that such items had no actual cash implication during the fiscal year and should be excluded from the cash flow statement.

In the previous P&L example, provisions appear to have been booked above EBITDA. Therefore, if we intend to mitigate the impact of a change in the provision, we could adopt the following approach:

Developing a Cash Flow Statement

However, we encounter an issue with this presentation since we desire FY19 EBITDA to correspond with EBITDA as reported in the P&L. As a result, we prefer to present our cash flow statement as follows:

Constructing a Cash Flow Statement

I also recommend including a footnote elucidating the non-cash items that have been removed. Furthermore, it may be appropriate to highlight the business's "cash" EBITDA component, which includes the following:

Constructing a Cash Flow Statement

Undoubtedly, this process may be time-consuming as it entails accurately matching all NWC accounts linked to EBITDA items. Although I do not believe that this added complexity provides a clearer picture of the company's cash-generating capabilities, it might offer significant descriptive assistance to your stakeholders.

Bondada Nagaraju: Take the Rules and Apply Them Practically

Bondada Nagaraju: I hope you now have the skills you need to build an effective cash flow statement and a better knowledge of the linkages between P&L and balance sheet accounts. Once you've mastered this process, it's up to you to reorganise and show the various accounts in the way that best suits your individual needs and business.

Of However, due to the number of accounts in your trial balance, the intricacy of accounting rules, and any exceptional occurrences, such as an M&A transaction, real-world applications may be slightly more challenging. However, the underlying principles I’ve used in this cash flow statement model remain exactly the same, and if thoroughly followed, will allow you to use your time proactively rather than wasting countless hours balancing!

[lucas-xx]

Something interestingly painful happens in my mind as I lay myself down every night. The inner child goes berserk and panicking, recalling all the pain and all the memories it went through. And thus, the process begins. It would see how everything might've gone right – or at least, the parts where the child could've defended herself and fought back. It sees how everything is rooted in one another – interrelated and interconnected, influencing and concurring with each other – as it manifests itself into the tiniest of details found in every whim of thought and action of the present self. Then, it would hurt. It would hurt for itself and blame the entire world for the pain it carries. Bitterness grows within, rooted deep, and for a moment's whim, the child will be embraced by coldness. Thoughts of solitude hold its heart strong until the very idea of seeing her love slip her hands flashed before her eyes.

That is when it will click. The fact that none of what she thought was actually true enough to be the basis of an entire decision that would turn her life around completely. She'd come to the realization that all of it was rooted in her fear of being looked at with eyes brimming with disappointment. She longs to be seen as a human being who's learning to walk on different kinds of paths her life will take her, not some deity trying to uphold and implement utopia in reality – she knows very well that it's already within us, so there is no need for that intricacy. She longs to be seen as an ignorant child of the world, but not of herself, no. This child longs to be forgiven for not knowing any better, and she longs to be seen for trying to be better. She longs to be seen not for how she fell but for how she stood up and tended her wounds. This is not to excuse her for causing pain, no, she admits to it. It's what she's always done.

And that's when the pain would start to flood her. Contrary to what the child intended to do, her heart begs to be with everyone and longs to be seen by everyone. She longs to be understood, just like everyone else does.

And then, a woman comes up to that child to remind her that she doesn't need the eyes of others to feel seen. She doesn't need the recognition of other people, even the people that she holds so dearly, for her to feel complete and worthy of being here.

Breathe and look in the mirror. Look at your own eyes and see through you.

No one else can ever understand the depths of that child but the child itself because no one can feel the same way, see the same thing, and hold the same value as the child's heart does. As long as the child sees itself, then she's seen. So, she doesn't need to worry that much. Stand up, keep doing what the heart is great at doing—to love. The world is out there to receive and give in its own way, too.

—of conversations with the walls

[mahayanapilgrim]

Shunyata

Shunyata, often translated as "emptiness," is a fundamental concept in Buddhist philosophy and practice. It's a key component of the teachings found in Mahayana Buddhism, especially in the Prajnaparamita Sutras and the philosophy of the Madhyamaka school, developed by Nagarjuna. Shunyata is a profound and nuanced concept that challenges our conventional understanding of reality and offers a path to liberation from suffering.

1. **The Nature of Shunyata:**

Shunyata suggests that all phenomena lack inherent or independent existence. This means that nothing exists in isolation or as a self-contained entity. Instead, everything is interdependent and interconnected. This perspective counters our ordinary perception of a solid, unchanging reality and challenges the notion of a fixed and enduring self (anatman).

2. **Dependent Origination:**

Shunyata is closely related to the concept of dependent origination (pratityasamutpada). According to this teaching, all things arise in dependence on multiple causes and conditions. Nothing exists in isolation; everything is a result of an intricate web of interrelationships. Shunyata deepens our understanding of dependent origination by emphasizing the absence of inherent essence in these interrelated phenomena.

3. **The Middle Way:**

Nagarjuna, a prominent philosopher in the Madhyamaka tradition, articulated the concept of the "Middle Way." This Middle Way asserts that we should avoid the extremes of eternalism (believing in inherent existence) and nihilism (denying existence altogether). Shunyata is the path between these extremes, recognizing the conventional reality of phenomena while acknowledging their ultimate emptiness.

4. **Liberation and Wisdom:**

Shunyata is not just a philosophical idea; it serves as a practical guide for spiritual development. In Buddhism, the ultimate goal is liberation from suffering (nirvana). This liberation is achieved through wisdom (prajna), which arises from a deep understanding of shunyata. When one realizes that all things lack inherent existence, attachment, aversion, and ignorance—the root causes of suffering—begin to dissolve.

5. **Compassion and Emptiness:**

An essential aspect of Mahayana Buddhism is the union of wisdom and compassion. The realization of shunyata leads to an understanding of the interconnectedness of all beings. This understanding fuels compassion (karuna), as one sees that the suffering of others is intimately linked to one's own. Compassion motivates Buddhists to work for the benefit of all sentient beings.

6. **Meditative Practice:**

Meditation plays a crucial role in understanding and experiencing shunyata. Through deep contemplation and mindfulness, practitioners aim to penetrate the illusion of inherent existence. They strive to see the emptiness of their own thoughts, emotions, and even the self. This meditative insight is a transformative experience on the path to enlightenment.

In conclusion, shunyata is a profound and central concept in Mahayana Buddhism, challenging our conventional understanding of reality and leading to a deeper insight into the nature of existence. It encourages practitioners to see beyond the surface of things and recognize the interdependence and emptiness that underlie all phenomena. Ultimately, the realization of shunyata is considered a path to liberation from suffering and the awakening of wisdom and compassion for the benefit of all sentient beings.

[ayejayque]

Management as a Process, an Activity, a Discipline, a Group, a Science, an Art, & a Profession

MANAGEMENT AS A PROCESS Management has a broad definition. It is everything ranging from a process to a discipline, and finally a science. Management is the process of coordinating, directing, or supervising a project, resources, or individuals. This is done with the aim of achieving the targeted results. When management is performed efficiently, it can grow any organization. Similarly, problematic management is going to reflect in the results that come forward. Management, as a process is a series of interrelated functions. It is the set of functions that makes the process, through which the management creates, operates, and directs a purposive organization through methodical, synchronized, and co-operated human efforts. George R. Terry says, “Management is a distinct process consisting of planning, organizing, actuating and controlling, performed to determine and accomplish the stated objective by the use of human beings and other resources”. The process which is embarked upon with the only aim of achieving a purpose is called management. The purpose could be to grow the client base of the firm. It could also be to develop the knowledge, skills, and capacity of employees, or even to get to a certain sales target. Managers in an organization must follow due process to set goals and come up with strategies to achieve results. Both the areas of planning and execution phases have processes that the manager must strictly abide by. Management as a process has interconnected activities by which the management within a business develops and controls the resources of the organization for achieving targeted results. Management, as a process, has three aspects. The following 3 aspects tell us why management can be seen as a process: Management and the social process It is fitting to say that management is a social process. Not only does it involve control but also the use of financial resources. Humans are perhaps the most relevant aspect of an organization. They are absolutely essential to achieve its targeted goals. It is imperative that these people of employees of organizations are healthy, both physically and mentally. This is of utmost importance too. Thus, management is a social process, that develops a comfortable work environment. This promotes a healthy culture and strong relationships among the employees. The human factor is very important. This is why the management is usually concerned with the culture and the norms prevalent within an organization. The management must create grounds whereby people interact with each other for the achievement of the organizational goals. Management and the process of integration Human resources must work in harmony. For this purpose, there must be integration in both the humans as well as the processes This is to achieve the firm’s objective. Both human and financial resources are dealt with. It is also made sure that both are put to good use so the firm can achieve its targets. Management amalgamates the human physical and financial resources to achieve organizational purposes. It is essential that there is harmony between various factors available to management. Management is a never-ending process Management process never ends. It exists as long as the organization does. There will always be a line of projects, goals, and challenges for managers to look up to. This makes it a continuous and perpetual process that will never come to an end unless the organization does. MANAGEMENT AS AN ACTIVITY People indulge in many activities like writing, playing, eating, cooking, etc. In the same vein, management too, is an activity. A manager is supposed to complete tasks by directing the efforts of others. Koontz says, “Management is what a manager does.” Management as an activity includes the following areas - - Informational activities – A manager receives and gives information, either verbally or in writing. This is a constant activity. A communication connection has to be kept with assistants as well as bosses for the effective working of an enterprise. - Decisional activities – Management is based on decisions. They are continuously involved with them. The decision of one manager then becomes the benchmark of the decisions of other managers. - Inter-personal activities - Management is through people only. Managers must act with both juniors and bosses. They must keep good relations with them. The interpersonal activities consist of listening to the subordinates and taking care of the problem. MANAGEMENT AS A DISCIPLINE Management as a discipline is associated with the study of principles & practices of basic management. It stipulates a code of conduct to be trailed by the manager & also many approaches for managing resources proficiently. Management as a discipline specifies certain codes of conduct for managers It shows various systems of managing an enterprise. Management is a course of study, taught in institutes and universities. After finishing a course or obtaining a degree or diploma in management, an individual can get hired as a manager. Any branch of knowledge that fulfills these two requirements is a discipline: - There must be academics & philosophers who transfer relevant knowledge through study and publications. - The knowledge should be officially conveyed by edification and training programs. Since management satisfies both these conditions, it is a discipline. Though it is a relatively new discipline but is growing fast. MANAGEMENT AS A GROUP Management as a group is all those people who manage an enterprise. When we say that the management of XYZ & Co. is decent, we are discussing the group of people who are managing. This will include all managers from the chief executive to the first-line managers. Management is only top management i.e., Chief Executive, Chairman, General Manager, Board of Directors, etc. These people are concerned with important decisions. They enjoy the authority to use resources to accomplish organizational objectives. They are also responsible for their resourceful utilization. Management as a group can be seen in 2 different ways: - All managers are taken together. - Only the top management is considered The understanding depends upon the background in which these terms are used. There are 3 types of managers - - Patrimonial / Family Manager: Those who are owners or relatives of the owners of the company. - Professional Managers: Those who have been selected on account of their specific knowledge and degree. - Political Managers / Civil Servants: Those who accomplish public sector activities. Managers are an elite group in society. They enjoy a higher standard of living in the society. MANAGEMENT AS A SCIENCE                                                                                                                                                     Science is a methodical body of knowledge relating to a specific field of study that holds general facts which explain a spectacle. It creates a cause-and-effect relationship between two or more variables. It underlines the values governing their connection. These values are developed through a methodical process of reflection and verification through extreme testing. Science has the following main features: - Universally accepted principles – Science represents basic truth about a precise field of query. These ideologies may be applied in all circumstances, at all times & at all locations. For instance, the law of gravitation works in all countries, all the time. Management also contains some vital principles which can be applied unanimously like the Principle of Unity of Command i.e., one man under one boss. This principle is applicable to all types of organizations - business or non-business. - Experimentation & Observation - Scientific philosophies come through scientific investigation & research. They are grounded in logic. For instance, the principle that the earth goes around the sun has been technically proven. Management values are also built on scientific inquiry & observation and not only on the belief of Henry Fayol. They have been through experiments & practical experiences with a large number of managers. For example, it is known that good, timely, and fair remuneration to personnel creates a satisfied workforce. - Cause & Effect Relationship – Science rules lay down cause and effect relationships between various variables. For instance, when we heat metals, they expand. Heating is the cause and expansion is the result. Management is the same too. The absence of a balance between authority & responsibility will lead to uselessness. If you know the cause i.e., absence of balance, the effect can be determined easily i.e., in effectiveness. In the same way, if staff is given bonuses and fair wages, they will work tough but when not treated in an impartial and just manner, will reduce the productivity of the organization. - Test of Validity & Predictability – The validity of scientific values can be tested at any time. They are supposed to stand the test of time. Each time these tests will give the same result. Moreover, future actions can be foreseen with realistic precision by using scientific principles. We know that H2 & O2 will always give H2O. The principle of unity of command can be tested by comparing two people - one having 1 boss and one having 2 bosses. The performance of 1st person will be better than the 2nd one. The main reason for the imprecision of the science of management is that it deals with humans and it is very problematic to guess their behavior correctly. It falls in the sphere of social sciences. It is a flexible science. The theories it has may produce dissimilar results at different times. It is a behavior science. Ernest Dale calls it Soft Science. MANAGEMENT AS AN ART Art hints at the application of knowledge & skill to get desired results. Art is the personal application of general theoretic values for attaining the best likely outcomes. Art has the following characters - - Practical Knowledge: All art requires practical knowledge. One must know the practical application of the theoretical principles. For painting well, one must have an idea of designs, dimensions, and situations and to use them fittingly. A manager can never succeed with a degree or a diploma alone. He must be able to perform in real situations by being the manager that he is supposed to be. - Personal Skill: The theoretical base is the same for all artists. Each of them has his own style and approach. That is the reason why the skill and output of each one differs. Many people paint, but there was only one Dali, only one Van Gogh, and only one Picasso. In the same way, management as an art is also bespoke. Every manager has his own style. It is based on his knowledge, experience, and personality. Some managers are great managers, and some are straight from hell too!!! - Creativity: Every artist has creativity in his blood. He wants to produce what has not been done before. What he wants to do requires a lot of intellect & imagination. Management is also similar. It amalgamates human and non-human resources in a useful way so as to achieve the desired results. - Perfection through practice: Practice makes a man flawless. All artists become more skillful through persistent practice. In the same way, managers learn through trial and error initially. Constant use of management principles over the years makes them picture-perfect for the job of managing. - Goal-Oriented: Art is a journey towards a goal. Management is the same. Managers use resources like people, money, material, equipment & procedures to encourage the growth of an organization. Management is an art. It needs the application of certain principles. It is a complex art because it molds the attitude and conduct of the workforce, towards the anticipated goals. MANAGEMENT AS BOTH SCIENCE AND ART Management is both an art and a science. It combines features of both science and art. It is a science because it has an organized body of knowledge. It has universal truth. It is an art because managing requires certain skills which are unique to every manager.  Science gives knowledge & art helps apply that knowledge and skills. A manager must get the knowledge of science & the art. Management is a judicious blend of science and art. It has the principles and the way these principles are put to use is art. Science teaches to ’know’ and art teaches to ’do’. Managers are not born, they are made. Management is an old art but a young science. MANAGEMENT AS A PROFESSION Over the last decade, factors like the size of the business unit, the parting of ownership from management, mounting competition, etc. have led to a demand for more qualified managers. The task of the manager has been quite dedicated. All facets of any business are now managed professionally. A profession is an occupation that requires specialized knowledge. Sometimes intensive academic preparations are also required. The basics of a profession are: - Specialized Knowledge - A profession has a systematic body of knowledge. It should develop professionals. Every professional must make an effort to obtain expertise in the values and methods. The same is true for managers too. - Formal Education & Training – Many universities and professional institutes exist. One must go through a course before going for a particular profession. Many management schools exist. For example, a Chartered Accountant cannot audit the accounts unless he is qualified. - Social Obligations - Profession is a livelihood but professionals are also inspired by the desire to serve humanity. Their actions are influenced by social rules and principles. A manager is also responsible to society. He is anticipated to provide quality goods and services at practical prices to society. - Code of Conduct - Members of any profession have to abide by a code of conduct which contains certain rules and regulations about everything. There is a code of conduct for managers but nobody has the right to take legal action against any manager who disrupts it. - Representative Association – A representative body is a must. There is no body of managers with any statuary powers to regulate the activities of managers. Management fulfills several essentials of a profession. In spite of that, it is not a full-fledged profession because: - - It does not check entry into managerial jobs for one standard or another. - No minimum educations exist for managers. - No management association grants a certificate of practice to managers. - Capable education and training amenities do not exist. - Managers are responsible to shareholders, employees, and society. A supervisory code may limit their liberty. - Managers are known for their performance and not just degrees. - Businesses maximize profit and not social welfare. Haymes says, “He who serves best, also profits most.” Read the full article

[brutulist]

la fin is located in an abandoned cathedral, and i think about all the ways nature creeps in, how it ultimately takes over something that was man-made, and how that connects to the vampires that inhabit its halls, how nature has found a way to creep into their humanness and reclaim the body as its own; yes, vampires are abnormal from a human perspective, but to nature? aren't they part of the cycle?

[theoutcastrogue]

[After wrapping up the Revolutions Podcast, Mike Duncan revisited Episode 0 (the Introduction), to see what he got right, what he got wrong etc. And 9 years later, he highlighted one phrase, and reconsidered.]

“...with the show covering a series of distinct time periods that are thematically linked but otherwise wildly disconnected....”

“I no longer believe that. It’s one of the most consequential changes in my historical worldview, from when I started the show in 2013 to where I am now, here at the end of 2022. Now, I knew going into the podcast that there were obviously gonna be links between like the American Revolution and the French Revolution, similar ideas and other connections, crossover characters like Lafayette and Thomas Paine. But once I hit the French Revolution, I realised deep deep in my bones how much I was NOT talking about “distinct time periods that were wildly disconnected”. Quite the opposite. I found everything deeply interconnected and meshed and interrelated. I basically lost all faith in discrete national histories being able to even remotely answer the basic historical question, “what happened”.

It probably started when I realised that there was no way to explain the French Revolution without explaining the Polish Partitions, but then, as I advanced into Haiti and Spanish America, I became fully consumed by the idea that this whole time I’ve just been describing one single revolutionary event playing out in different theatres. That there isn’t an American Revolution and a French Revolution and a Haitian Revolution, but one single Atlantic Revolution. I simply do not believe that things are wildly disconnected any more. I have a fundamentally holistic understanding of history now. But then, advancing though the years as we moved to 1848 and the Paris Commune and Mexico and Russia, the histories and personalities and ideas, they grew, they developed, they shifted and transformed, but there was never a break in continuity.

Everything is connected to everything else. There are no histories. There is only History, one single thing, that never ends.”

— Mike Duncan, Revolutions Podcast | Appendix 1: “Coming Full Circle”

@we-arerevolutionary