#lithiumhydroxide

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Lithium Hydroxide Market - Forecast(2025 - 2031)

Lithium Hydroxide Market Overview

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In addition, the growing demand for electric vehicles that use lithium batteries, as well as the increasing demand for power tools that use lithium hydroxide NCA cathode, are major factors driving the market growth. However, rising concerns about the toxicity of lithium hydroxide are expected to limit the growth of the lithium hydroxide market.

COVID 19 Impact:

The Covid-19 pandemic situation negatively impacted the growth of the lithium hydroxide industry in the year 2020. In 2019, buyers from other countries primarily Japan and South Korea, bought more than 80% of China’s hydroxide production. Due to complications with customs clearance caused by the outbreak, users in other countries were finding it increasingly difficult to obtain lithium hydroxide. Domestic consumers also suffered difficulties as a result of transportation disruptions and increased lithium hydroxide price in 2020. For instance, Ganfeng lithium headquartered in China, reported that it had increased its battery grade lithium hydroxide spot prices by no more than 10%, citing increasing raw material costs and transportation costs.

Lithium Hydroxide Market Report Coverage

The report “Lithium Hydroxide Market Report — Forecast (2022–2027)” by IndustryARC covers an in-depth analysis of the following segments of the lithium hydroxide industry.

By Purity: 55%, 99%, 99.3%and Others.

By Form: Anhydrous and Monohydrate.

By Packaging: Bottle, Bags, and Others.

By Application: Li-Ion Batteries, Lubricating Grease, Glass and Ceramics, Dye, Carbon dioxide scrubber and Others.

By End-Use Industry: Transportation (Automotive, Aerospace, and Marine), Electronic Devices (Smartphones, Digital Cameras, Watches, and Others), Nuclear, Chemical, Metallurgy, and Others.

By Geography: North America (USA, Canada, and Mexico), Europe (UK, Germany, Italy, France, Spain, Netherlands, Russia, Belgium, and Rest of Europe), Asia Pacific (China, Japan, India, South Korea, Australia and New Zealand, Taiwan, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Rest of Asia Pacific), South America (Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, Chile, and Rest of South America), and RoW (Middle East and Africa).

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Key Takeaways

The Asia-Pacific region dominated the lithium hydroxide market due to the rising growth of the automotive industry. For instance according to the International Trade Administration, the commercial vehicle sales increased by 20% year over year to 5.23 million units in 2021.

An increase in demand for lithium batteries as a replacement to gasoline in a variety of applications is one of the primary factors driving the growth of the lithium hydroxide market.

In the foreseeable future, the rising production of lithium hydroxide is estimated to raise the growth of the market. For instance, as per the report published by the Department of Industry, Science, Energy and Resources in 2020, the global production for lithium hydroxide in 2025 is estimated to reach US$ 600 Thousand Tonnes.

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Lithium Hydroxide Market Segment Analysis — By Application

Li-Ion batteries held the largest share with 28.3% in the lithium hydroxide market and is expected to continue its dominance over the period 2022–2027. The increasing demand for energy resources, as well as the regulatory push towards non-renewable energy resources such as alternative clean fuels, increased fuel efficiency, and carbon emission standards, are likely to create a favorable environment for the lithium-ion battery sector. The development of lithium-ion battery materials that allow batteries to withstand high temperatures would improve the product’s safety and reliability. Increasing government investments for the growth of the lithium ion batteries is driving the market growth. For instance, to promote EVs and lithium ion batteries, the Indian government launched the Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Hybrid and Electric Vehicle (FAME) scheme in 2019 with a Rs.10,000 crore budget. The scheme was set to expire in 2022. To encourage the purchase of 7,090 electric buses, 35,000 four-wheelers, 500,000 three-wheelers, and 1 million two-wheelers, the government planned to offer incentives. The Indian government extended the second phase of the FAME scheme by two years, to March 31, 2024, in June 2021. To encourage the use of lithium ion batteries, the government has authorized FAME subsidies only for lithium ion. As a result of the aforementioned factors, with the rising usage of Li-Ion batteries the demand for lithium hydroxide is estimated to increase at the fastest rate throughout the projection period.

Lithium Hydroxide Market Segment Analysis — By End-Use Industry

The transportation sector dominated the lithium hydroxide market in 2021 and is projected to grow at a CAGR of 8.7% during 2022–2027. Lithium Hydroxide is a chemical compound utilized by NASA in the shuttle spacecraft as a carbon dioxide scrubber material. Although substantial research into carbon absorption by LiOH scrubbers in outerspace has been done in the past, relatively little is known about the process in the underwater environment. In the automotive sector lithium hydroxide is majorly used in the Li-Ion batteries. Rising growth of aerospace, automotive, and marine production would drive the growth of the market. For instance, according to the Aerospace Industries Association, in 2020 the total aerospace industry sales revenue stood for US$ 874 billion. Also, as per the International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers, the global production for vehicles increased from 52,146,292 units in September 2020 to 57,262,777 units in September 2021.

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Lithium Hydroxide Market Segment Analysis — By Geography

Asia-Pacific region dominated the lithium hydroxide market with a share of 55% in 2021. The market in the region is witnessing expansions with the rising production of lithium hydroxide in emerging economies such as China, Japan, and South Korea. According to the Australian Trade and Investment Commission, China dominates the global lithium hydroxide production. There are 17 Chinese refineries that produce lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, and lithium chloride, which are the precursors to lithium-ion battery cathode materials. Additionally, increasing investments for the production of lithium in Australia will drive the demand for lithium hydroxide. For instance, two of the world’s largest lithium producers, Tianqi (China) and Albemarle(US), have invested in Australia. Both of these companies are investing in downstream lithium processing in Western Australia, at Kwinana and Kemerton. Albemarle has received final regulatory approval for its plans to build a lithium hydroxide processing plant near Bunbury in the Kemerton Industrial Park. By 2025, Albemarle intends to process spodumene ore concentrate from the Talison Greenbushes mine to produce 100,000tpa of lithium hydroxide. Thus, the rising production of lithium hydroxide in APAC countries is estimated to boost the market growth over the forecast period.

Lithium Hydroxide Market Drivers

Increasing usage of lithium hydroxide in the EV market will drive the market growth.

Lithium hydroxide is an important cathode raw material, but its supply is limited compared to lithium carbonate. Nonetheless, battery manufacturers are still using this compound instead of lithium carbonate. This is due to the fact that lithium hydroxide has more advantages, such as higher power density, which translates to improved safety features, more battery capacity, and longer life cycles. Since, batteries are the lifeblood of an electric vehicle, it is critical that manufacturers choose raw materials that provide higher power density and, thus, greater range. Currently, EV manufacturers such as Tesla and various others already use lithium hydroxide in its batteries. Rising growth of electric vehicles is also set to drive the demand for lithium hydroxide in the forecast period. For instance, in July 2021, Nissan Motor, a Japanese automaker, has commissioned a study to localize the production of electric cars (EVs) in India, which will include the construction of a Gigafactory for the mass production of EV batteries in the nation. Similarly, in December 2021, Bajaj Auto Limited announced that it will invest 300 crores (US$ 40 million) in a new electric vehicle plant in Akurdi (Pune). According to the company, this plant will be able to produce 500,000 electric vehicles every year. Bajaj’s first Chetak scooter manufacturing is also located in this area (Akurdi, Pune). Furthermore, in December 2021, Toyota expects to sell 3.5 million electric vehicles worldwide by 2030. Toyota has planned to launch its electric car inventory, with 30 new fully electric models expected by 2030. Thus, such initiatives will surge the lithium hydroxide market growth in the upcoming years.

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Lithium Hydroxide Market Challenges

Fluctuating Price of Lithium Hydroxide

One of the most critical ingredients in the transition to a lower-carbon future is lithium. However, the rising popularity of electric vehicles has resulted in a surge in demand for battery-grade lithium, causing prices to vary. As per the U.S. Geological Survey, prices for lithium hydroxide in China fell from over $7,800 per tonne at the start of the year to around $7,000 per tonne in November 2020. Also, The spot price of lithium hydroxide dropped from US$ 16,139 per tonne in 2018 to under US$11,000 in late 2019. Prices also dropped much further in 2020, to around US$9,500 per tonne, before rising to around US$10,925 per tonne in 2021 as per the publication provided by the Government of Australia. Thus, fluctuating price of lithium hydroxide may create challenges in the overall market expansion.

Lithium Hydroxide Industry Outlook

Technology launches, acquisitions, and R&D activities are key strategies adopted by players in the market. Lithium Hydroxide top 10 companies include:

Ganfeng Lithium Co., Ltd.

Albemarle Corporation

SQM S.A.

HELM AG

Leverton-Clarke Speciality Chemicals

Haoxin Liyan

Brivo

Sichuan Yahua

Vulcan

Standard Lithium Ltd. and others.

Recent Developments

In March 2021, Standard Lithium Ltd., a lithium project development and technology business, reported that it has successfully converted its Arkansas-produced lithium chloride into 99.985 percent pure lithium carbonate using OEM technology.

In November 2021, Tesla stated today that it has inked a three-year arrangement with Chinese lithium hydroxide company Ganfeng Lithium to purchase battery quality lithium hydroxide.

In December 2021, Vulcan acquired a geothermal plant in Germany that might make lithium hydroxide from brine.

Relevant Reports:

Lithium Market — Industry Analysis, Market Size, Share, Trends, Application Analysis, Growth And Forecast 2021–2026 Report Code: CMR 30269

Lithium Compounds Market — Forecast(2022–2027) Report Code: CMR 0221

Lepidolite Market — Industry Analysis, Market Size, Share, Trends, Application Analysis, Growth And Forecast 2021–2026 Report Code: CMR 73362

For more Chemicals and Materials related reports, please click here

[chemanalyst]

Lithium Hydroxide’s Manufacturing Process & Tomorrow's Innovations

The Lithium Hydroxide might sound complicated, but it is in reality an amazing and valuable compound. This white, sometimes sparkling solid, which is an essential element in various industries, surprisingly has some unique applications.

Lithium Hydroxide is a widely used chemical compound, and in this article, we will take a look at its various aspects. We'll be looking into its properties, how it is made (which involves some interesting chemistry, too!), and some of the amazing things it is used for. Lithium Hydroxide, which is used in both air freshening systems on spaceships and in special greases, has a range of unexpected uses. Therefore, please fasten your seatbelt and let us dive into the discussion of this essential chemical!

Introduction

Lithium Hydroxide (LiOH) is a white, solid compound that comes in two forms (hydrated and anhydrous) and is made by reacting lithium carbonate with calcium hydroxide. It is used to create lithium greases, which are valuable lubricants due to their resistance to heat, water, and pressure. In batteries, Lithium Hydroxide is gaining traction as a replacement for lithium carbonate because it allows for bigger batteries with more power, better safety, and longer life. It's already used by Tesla and is likely to be adopted by other electric vehicle makers. Lithium Hydroxide also finds use in alkaline batteries and air scrubbers.

Manufacturing Process

This blog unveils a process for manufacturing Lithium Hydroxide, involving several steps. Initially, lithium sulfate reacts with barium hydroxide in a liquid medium, yielding a Lithium Hydroxide solution through hydroxylation. Subsequently, barium ions in the Lithium Hydroxide solution are eliminated via a barium removal process utilizing a cation exchange resin and/or a chelate resin. Finally, Lithium Hydroxide is precipitated from the treated solution in a crystallization step.

Step-1 Lithium Concentration

The extraction process involves bringing the lithium dissolved solution (aqueous phase) into contact with a solvent (organic phase) and mixing them with agitation using a mixer to transfer lithium ions and similar substances from the dissolved solution to the solvent. Following this, the organic phase and the aqueous phase are separated using a settler based on their differing specific gravities. Depending on factors such as lithium ion concentration, an O/A ratio (organic phase to aqueous phase volume ratio) exceeding 1.5/1.0 may be utilized. To enhance the extraction efficiency of lithium ions, the O/A ratio can be adjusted, and the number of extraction stages can be increased. For the lithium dissolved solution, a phosphonate ester extracting agent, a phosphate ester extracting agent, or a combination of both may be employed as extracting agents. Optionally, the extracting agent could be thinned with a hydrocarbon-based organic solvent, including aromatic, paraffinic, or naphthenic solvents. Ideally, the equilibrium pH range during extraction falls between 7 and 8.

Scrubbing the solvent with the lithium solution effectively eliminates sodium ions that have been extracted into the solvent. By modifying the lithium ion concentration within the lithium solution, lithium ions within the solution can replace the sodium ions present in the solvent, thereby facilitating the efficient removal of sodium ions from the solvent.

The lithium ions present in the scrubbed solvent are subsequently extracted from the solvent through a back-extraction process. This involves stirring and mixing the solvent with a pre-back extraction liquid, typically an acidic aqueous solution, using a mixer or similar equipment. This facilitates the transfer of lithium ions from the solvent to the aqueous phase. The pre-back extraction solution utilized for this process may comprise various inorganic acids such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, or nitric acid. Among these options, sulfuric acid is favored because it yields a back-extracted liquid containing lithium sulfate, a valuable raw material for Lithium Hydroxide production.

The back-extracted liquid obtained from the back extraction step can undergo additional back extraction cycles, serving as a pre-back extraction liquid. This process further elevates the lithium ion concentration. Moreover, the back-extracted liquid can also be employed in the scrubbing step as a lithium solution. This cyclical approach optimizes the extraction process, enhancing lithium ion concentration and maximizing the utilization of resources.

Step 2 - Hydroxylation Step

In the hydroxylation step, lithium sulfate, obtained from the back-extraction process or similar sources, undergoes a reaction with barium hydroxide in a liquid medium to yield a Lithium Hydroxide solution. This chemical transformation can be represented as follows:

Li2SO4 + Ba(OH)2 → 2LiOH + BaSO4

Consequently, a solution containing dissolved Lithium Hydroxide is generated, while barium sulfate precipitates. The utilization of barium hydroxide proves effective as it facilitates the chemical conversion reaction with lithium sulfate, enabling the production of a Lithium Hydroxide solution.

Step 4 - Barium Removal Step

In the barium removal step following hydroxylation, the Lithium Hydroxide solution undergoes contact with either a cation exchange resin or a chelate resin to eliminate impurities, particularly barium ions. The resin adsorbs these ions from the solution, enhancing the purity of Lithium Hydroxide obtained after subsequent crystallization.

It's crucial to meticulously select the resin and operating conditions during barium removal to ensure efficient extraction of barium ions from the Lithium Hydroxide solution. Resins like weakly acidic cation exchange resins with carboxyl groups or aminophosphoric acid type chelate resins exhibit high selectivity for barium ions while minimizing adsorption of lithium ions.

Moreover, maintaining an alkaline pH (preferably 9 or higher) in the Lithium Hydroxide solution during resin contact optimizes the barium removal efficiency.

Step 5 - Crystallization Step

The crystallization step follows the barium removal process to precipitate Lithium Hydroxide from the solution, yielding pure Lithium Hydroxide. This ensures the removal of impurities, particularly barium ions, resulting in high-purity Lithium Hydroxide suitable for various applications.

Crystallization techniques such as heat concentration or vacuum distillation are employed to precipitate Lithium Hydroxide. Higher temperatures during crystallization expedite the process; however, subsequent drying at temperatures below 60°C prevents the release of water of crystallization, maintaining the product as hydrated Lithium Hydroxide, which is easier to handle. Additional treatments like pulverization may be performed to adjust the physical properties of Lithium Hydroxide as needed.

Applications of Lithium Hydroxide

1. Batteries

Lithium Hydroxide (LiOH) found in batteries, specifically lithium-ion batteries, is a significant contributor to the high electrochemical potential and lightweight characteristic of lithium, which in turn leads to high energy density. Its inherent property of staying stable at the high temperatures in the charging cycles guarantees the batteries' safety. Lithium-ion batteries with LiOH have low discharge rates, and they hold charges over a long time. They are rechargeable, thanks to the lithium ions that are moving back and forth between electrodes that are facilitated by LiOH. This mixture thus leads to lightweight, power-efficient energy storages that are suitable for use in electric vehicles, portable gadgets, and other devices which require high-performance long-lasting power sources.

2. Grease and Lubricants

Lithium Hydroxide finds application in lubricating greases, commonly referred to as lithium grease, enhancing their resistance to water and oxidation. These greases maintain their lubricating efficacy across a broad temperature spectrum, enabling them to endure high-pressure conditions. Their insolubility ensures longevity, making them suitable for humid environments where water exposure is frequent without losing their lubricating properties.

3. Glass & Ceramics

Multiple advantages of Lithium Hydroxide make it applicable in the glass and ceramics industries. Besides the fact that it allows for more accurate dimensional tolerances, it also helps to reduce thermal expansion, which in turn prevents cracks and fractures during production and use. Furthermore, it provides clarity that makes the glass transparent by getting rid of any imperfections that may cause cloudiness. Through the reduction of the melting point of the glass mixtures, Lithium Hydroxide helps energy-efficient manufacturing processes and gives molten glass a better flow. In ceramics, it enhances properties like the strength and thermal shock resistance when it functions as a flux or a filler. Additionally, lithium compounds are capable of coloring glass and ceramics that give them particular colors, which makes them more attractive and appealing.

Market Outlook

The Lithium Hydroxide market is driven by the increasing demand for electric vehicles and consumer electronics. Lithium Hydroxide is a critical component in lithium-ion batteries, which are used in these electric vehicles and consumer electronics. Because of this, the demand for lithium-ion batteries is a major driver of the Lithium Hydroxide market. Additionally, the dominance of lithium-ion batteries in the Lithium Hydroxide market is expected to continue due to ongoing research and development efforts to improve battery performance.

Lithium Hydroxide Major Global Producers

Top companies in the Global Lithium Hydroxide market are Albemarle Corporation, Sociedad Química y Minera de Chile (SQM), Tianqi Lithium Corporation, Ganfeng Lithium Co., Ltd., Livent Corporation, Jiangxi Ganfeng Lithium Co., Ltd., FMC Corporation, Galaxy Resources Limited, Nemaska Lithium Inc., Altura Mining Limited, and Others.

Lithium Hydroxide Market Opportunities

The Lithium Hydroxide market, which is used as the basic material in batteries, ceramics, and other industrial applications, has been growing at a fast rate over the years. Here are some potential opportunities within this market::

Electric Vehicles (EVs) and Energy Storage: The growing demand for electric vehicles and lithium-ion batteries for renewable energy storage necessitates Lithium Hydroxide which has been identified as a crucial component in lithium-ion batteries. Governments across the globe have started enforcing stringent measures on carbon emission and providing incentives for the use of electric vehicles. As a result, the demand for Lithium Hydroxide is highly likely to undergo a sharp increase.

Energy Sector: The transformation of energy sources to include wind turbines and solar panels as the new sources of energy requires energy storage systems that are efficient to avoid intermittent issues. The lithium-ion battery technology, based on Lithium Hydroxide, is the most popular in energy storage solutions for grid stabilization and backup power. As the renewable energy industry is expanding, Lithium Hydroxide, the main component in lithium-ion batteries, is also in high demand.

Consumer Electronics: The development of smartphones, tablets, laptops, and many other portable electronic devices that are driven by lithium-ion batteries has accelerated the demand for this type of batteries. With the ever-growing demand for devices with longer battery life and faster charging capabilities, manufacturers are obliged to use Lithium Hydroxide-based batteries as the majority of consumers are in search of these features.

Conclusion:

In the end, Lithium Hydroxide is the pioneer in the field of innovation and different industries such as battery technology and glass and ceramics production. The diversity and the irreplaceable role of lithium in the production of lithium-ion batteries guarantee its staying power in a techno-evolutionary world which is ever changing. As we are witnessing more and more development of renewable energy and the growth of electric vehicles, the need for Lithium Hydroxide is projected to have a significant increase. No doubt, this technology will play a critical role in the renewable energy storage solutions of the future. Lithium Hydroxide is a chemical that will help us build a greener and more efficient future, and it will be widely used in many fields.

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Og by @lithiumhydroxide here :3

[ankala]

Back at it again, but to solve two whole murders this time. Who is out here killing people with hammers?

🧸🔨🔎🏫

Streaming Dangan Ronpa today (4/13) at around 6 PM EST with @lithiumhydroxide

twitch.tv/ankal_a

youtube.com/@ankala6018

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ask meme thingy, i got tagged by: @diot-coke my beloved mutual

last song i listened to:

but i've also been obsessed with

show i'm watching: jjba stardust crusaders with my boyfriend, trying to finish succession season 4

thing i'm reading: about to start warbreaker by brandon sanderson

i'm obsessed with: tears of the kingdom, cooking with my bf, goth music and dad rock, radiation poisoning for some reason.

tagging cool friends and mutuals, if you want: @ledurr @hagfishslime @elementalsword @iloveyoutoodeath @xigrif @lithiumhydroxide @sovietyaoi @toadpiss @dankovskaya @wictorwictor and anyone who reads this and wants to do it too 💖

[cityreport24]

Genehmigungsbescheid an Rock Tech Lithium für Konverter übergeben: Weiterer Meilenstein für die Batterieproduktion und Elektromobilität in Brandenburg

Umweltminister Axel Vogel und Wirtschaftsminister Jörg Steinbach haben bei ihrem Treffen in der Staatskanzlei mit dem Vorstandsvorsitzenden des deutsch-kanadischen Unternehmens RockTech Lithium, Dirk Harbecke, und Gubens Bürgermeister Fred Mahro symbolisch den Genehmigungsbescheid für einen Lithiumhydroxid-Konverter an das Unternehmen übergeben. Sie begrüßten den erfolgreichen Abschluss des…

[sharvaricmi]

Lithium Hydroxide Market Growth, Development, Key Driven Factors, Forecast and Segmentation To 2018 - 2026

When lithium carbonate interacts with calcium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide (LiOH) is produced. It's mostly utilised to create lithium salts of stearic and other fatty acids, which are commonly referred to as soaps.

Due to widespread product usage in the industrial and commercial sectors, such as power, consumer electronics, chemical, industrial, general manufacturing, and others, Asia Pacific is expected to hold the largest share of the global Lithium Hydroxide Market. Due to different government efforts and increased foreign investment in the industrial sector, Asia Pacific is rapidly developing. According to a study, China has the world's greatest Li reserves. One of the elements boosting the lithium market's growth is the simple availability of raw materials. 

Read more @ https://cmiaspireblog.blogspot.com/2022/03/lithium-hydroxide-market-size-share.html

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VERY IMPORTANT MILK UPDATE

I got footage.

@teamisc @lithiumhydroxide @ank-ala thoughts

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5 Recent Songs

Tagged by @augustholland (like a while ago my bad girlie) 🧡

Dry Food by Palehound

Hollow Log by Beck

In There by Michael Nau

Uninvited by Alanis Morissette

Long Lost by Lord Huron

aaand I am tagging @chrissyhao @hydaelyn @lithiumhydroxide @yung-gunshot @zikorita (-:

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I'd like to buy a vowel please (via @lithiumhydroxide )

[energyload]

Stellantis investiert 50 Mio. € in den Lithium-Abbau in Deutschland

Stellantis investiert 50 Mio. € in den Lithium-Abbau in Deutschland

Stellantis investiert direkt in ein Lithium-Projekt in Deutschland, der Konzern wird zweitgrößter Aktionär von Vulcan. Vulcan will im Oberrheintal Lithiumhydroxid produzieren. Stellantis beteiligt sich mit 50 Millionen Euro an dem Vorhaben, um seine Produktion abzusichern. (more…)

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[digital-dynasty]

E-Auto-Batterien: Kanadisches Unternehmen plant Lithiumhydroxid-Fabrik in Guben

Das kanadische Rohstoff-Unternehmen Rock Tech Lithium plant, in Guben (Landkreis Spree-Neiße) batteriefähiges Lithiumhydroxid für Elektroautos zu produzieren. Read more www.heise.de/news/…... www.digital-dynasty.net/de/blogs/team-blogs/…

http://www.digital-dynasty.net/de/blogs/team-blogs/35510-e-auto-batterien-kanadisches-unternehmen-plant-lithiumhydroxid-fabrik-in-guben.html

[ankala]

Streaming live tonight at twitch.tv/ankal_a with @lithiumhydroxide ! This is also my last piece for paintober this year, for the prompt costume!

[korrektheiten]

Sind Lithium-Produzenten die neuen Öl-Scheichs?

Geolitico: E-Mobilität ist ohne Lithium unvorstellbar. Nur drei Unternehmen liefern 80 Prozent der globalen Förderung. Werden Lithium-Produzenten die neuen Öl-Scheichs? Lithium wird zur Herstellung wieder aufladbarer Batterien (E-Mobilität, E-Speicher für regenerative Energien, 3C Anwendungen, Powertools) gebraucht und lässt sich nicht substituieren. Der zweitwichtigste Verwendungszweig ist Keramik, Glaskeramik und Glas. Auß0erdem wird Lithium für Schmierstoffe, in der Gus­sindustrie (Strang-, Formguss), für Polymere, in der Luftaufbereitung und für nicht wieder aufladbare Batterien sowie Schmelzflusselektrolyse (Aluminium) benötigt. Hochspezielle Anwendungsbereiche sind die Elektrotechnik (Lithiumniobtate), die Nukleartechnik (Li-6 Isotope), die Textilindustrie (Lithiumacetate, Lithiumhydroxide), die Zementindustrie (Beschleuniger), Feuerwerk (Lithiumnitrat), die Pharmazie und chemische Industrie (organische Lithium­verbindungen) sowie die Wasserbehandlung (Lithiumhypochlorite). So kann man es dem Rohstoffsteckbrief der Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR) entnehmen. Primärförderung ist ein Oligopol Auch die folgenden Ausführungen orientieren sich an den Publikationen der BGR oder sind aus Finanzen.net entnommen. Die Bergwerksproduktion von Lithium betrug 2018 90.441 Tonnern, davon wurden 65 Prozent in Australien, 18 Prozent in Chile und jeweils 8 Prozent in China und Argentinien abgebaut. Deutschland hat 5.980 Tomnnen Lithiumkarbonat importiert, darüber hinaus 202 Millionen Lithium-Ionen-Batterien. Deutsche Kunden waren die Schott AG, die BASF SE, die VARTA AG und Automobilhersteller. Der Lithiumpreis lag jahrelang bei 6.000 $ pro Tonne und bildete dann [...] http://dlvr.it/Rxz3yV