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How the Various Types of Pressure Transmitter and Submersible Level Transmitter Work

A pressure Transmitter is a mechanical device, connected to the Pressure Transducer. A pressure Transducer is an instrument that converts one form of energy into another, while a Pressure Transmitter is used to acquire the standard electrical signal by the conversion of physical parameters of liquid, gas as well as the physical parameter of the pressure sensor. The pressure sensor and signal conditioner in the Pressure Transmitter help in the amplification of the output from the pressure sensor. The display of the Pressure Transmitter shows the pressure value carried by the pressure sensor and is later on converted into standard electrical signal output. How the various types of Pressure Transmitter work: Pressure transmitters are differentiated into three main types, which are: 1.     Absolute Transmitter Absolute Pressure Transmitters measure the pressure of air, vapor, gases, and liquids with absolute vacuum pressure and no atmospheric pressure. When the pressure of gas or liquid is received by one side, the output signal converts into the standard electric unit as the absolute pressure. 2.     Gauge Transmitter Gauge Transmitter functions by measuring the process pressure with the base atmospheric pressure. The output of the gauge pressure sensor depends upon the changes in atmospheric pressure due to the weather or altitude conditions. 3.     Differential Pressure Transmitter The Differential Pressure Transmitter is used to measure the industrial pressure by sensing the difference of the same and producing the standard output signal with reference to the pressure range. Submersible Level Transmitter: Submersible Level Transmitters come under the various types of Level Transmitters, where Level Transmitter refers to the devices that are designed to measure the levels of any given liquid or bulk-solid in a close vessel. The Submersible Level Transmitters are the hydrostatic-based transmitters and are used for monitoring the hydrostatic pressure inside the fluid. These transmitters effectively take the accurate constant level readings, regardless of the tank size. And as the name “Submersible Level Transmitter” itself indicates, these transmitters are submerged in the fluid during the process of measuring the pressure and providing the proportionate fluid level output, above the sensor. How the Submersible Level Transmitter Works: •         The sensor attached to the long cable in the Submersible Level Transmitter is put in the bottom of the liquid vessel. •         The given liquid in the vessel exerts the hydrostatic pressure, which is also known as head pressure. •         The hydrostatic pressure of the same liquid is measured by the sensor. •         The density and height of the liquid help in determining the level of hydrostatic pressure, while measured by the sensor. •         The fluctuations in hydrostatic pressure may be deemed due to the change in height or level of the liquid because the liquid density remains constant.     Except for the Submersible Level Transmitters, all the other main types of Transmitters that come under Level Transmitters are: •         Point Level Transmitter •         Continuous Level Transmitter •         Ultrasonic Level Transmitter •         Conductive Level Transmitter •         Pneumatic Level Transmitter •         Capacitance Level Transmitter

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The essentiality of open path gas detector

Open path gas detectors (OPGD) are used to monitor the presence of gas from long distances. The open path gas monitors are line-of-sight monitors. The open path gas detectors offer a wide coverage which is believed to be an amazing device for monitoring the perimeter and cross-section around the off-shore platforms, storage tanks fence line, and loading dock monitoring. The open path gas detectors are offered an immediate response and are operated in extreme conditions along with the minimal requirement of instruments for monitoring the areas. How The Open Path Gas Detector Works: The open path gas detectors depend upon the unique spectral fingerprint of each of the chemical substances. The high-energy beams of a specific wavelength are emitted by the source unit in an open path gas detector. The target gas helps in the absorption of some irrigated energy and the rest is emitted. The open path gas detector detects the emission of energy at the specific spectral bands in accordance with the target gas. It enables gas leak detection at a rapid rate for toxic gases and hydrocarbon. Advantages of Using Open Path Gas Detector: •         It covers a wide range of area •         Best for detection of any leaks •         Rapid response •         No scope of unrevealed failure •         Offers to warn for bam block •         Less criticality in detector location •         Helps in indicating the size of the gas hazard The open gas path detector is one of the latest technology to safeguard everyone from unfavorable circumstances.

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Why A Flame Detector is essential What’s A Flame Detector?

A flame detector is a sensory device, which is used for the detection of the presence of flame or fire. The flame detector responds to the detection of flame or fire according to the type of installation and the response could possibly be the buzzing sound of fire alarm, deactivation of fuel lines, and activation of a fire surpassion system. How the Flame Detector Works: With the help of ultraviolet flame sensors, the flame detector detects the radiation level in the atmosphere, arose due to explosion and fires. The radiation level is measured by the flame detector and the alarming rate is detected to let everyone be aware of the hazardous situation before it goes uncontrollable. A flame detector also detects other UV sources such as arc welding, lighting as well as sunlight, which can trigger the fire sensor. The Different Types of Flame Detectors are: There are chiefly 3 types of flame detector, such as       I.    Infrared flame detector (IR)       II.    Ultraviolet flame detector (UV)     III.    A combination of IR and UV flame detector Fire or explosion may take place due to various major or even minor incidents, which may cause a serious fatal situation for people. To save lives and property from such accidental events, it’s better to have a flame detector, which notifies everyone about the unwanted fatal situation. The uncontrollable situation of fire hazards can be effectively controlled with the use of a flame detector, which barely takes 3 to 4 milliseconds to detect the condition.

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What is a basket strainer?

A basket strainer is an instrument that is used for the filtration of foreign particles through a mesh screen in a horizontal pipeline. The removal of the foreign particles through a basket strainer prohibits their access to the downstream equipments such as valves, pumps and traps. How does a basket strainer work? •    Basket strainer helps in protecting the equipments from getting damaged due to the undesired dirt and debris. •    The undesired debris remains in the form of dirt or foreign particle that enter through the process fluid. •    The basket strainers are mostly or typically installed in the horizontal pipelines and in the high-flow capacity requirement situations. •    The installed strainers are placed upstream of the equipments such as control valves, pumps and traps, and stopping the debris and foreign particle from damaging the equipment. •    The extent of filtration can be increased by using a series of basket strainer such as multiplex strainers, instead of using a single chamber basket strainer such as simplex strainers. How a basket strainer is installed: 1.    The basket strainer is kept ahead of the part that requires protection in the pipeline. In the pump equipment, the basket strainer has to be placed on the suction side of the pump. 2.    Basket strainer shall be located where the removal of drain plug is easier and where there’s ample space for the removal of screen above the basket strainer. 3.    The existing pipeline requires pipe support near the inlet and outlet connections, before placing the basket strainer into a particular space. 4.    Placing of the basket strainer shall ensure that the arrow of the basket strainer’s body points the same direction as the flow of the pipeline. 5.    A standard flange gasket is supposed to be placed in between the flanges of pipeline and the basket strainer. The flange bolts shall be lubricated and tightened by hand while installation. A star or crisscross pattern shall be followed for tightening of the flange bolts as per the latest piping standards. Maintenance of basket strainer: •    A basket strainer can be used for a longer period of time if it’s properly cleaned and maintained. •    Maintaining the pressure in high flow systems help in well functioning of the pipeline. •    A basket strainer with pressure gauges on both the sides is helpful in alarming about the clogs in the pipeline, where the boosted up pressure is the signal for the removal and cleaning of the basket strainer. •    Poor maintenance of the basket strainer may lead to unexpected serious clogs and also might need to replace the basket strainer. Advantages of using a basket strainer: •    It protects the pipeline from damaging due to the unwanted debris and foreign particles. •    The smaller mesh screen helps in trapping those foreign particles. •    A basket strainer is cost effective and lasts long with significant impact on the downstream equipment. A good management and maintenance of basket strainer will give an ample amount of advantages on the downstream equipment for a longer period of time.

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Essentials things about Submersible Level Transmitter

If you are working in a water or wastewater industry, you will require a Submersible Level Transmitter. Apart from being accurate and can take continuous level readings, their sensor can also operate in any size tank or vessel. The functioning of the Submersible Level Transmitter Submersible level transmitters come with a sensor joined to the large cable, which then gets lower down to the liquid vessel's bottom. The transmitters function by analyzing the hydrostatic pressure of the liquid medium. Commonly known as head pressure, hydrostatic pressure is referred to as pressure exerted through a vessel's fluid. As analysed by the sensor, the hydrostatic pressure-volume is determined by the height and liquid density. Nothing takes place in a vacuum, significantly not pressure sensing. The Atmospheric condition influencing barometric pressure at the top of the liquid line influences hydrostatic pressure below the vessels and liquid levels. Invented or non-pressurized vessel applications where the atmospheric pressure is more likely to change, submersible level transmitters thus provide venting to compensate, controlling the integrity of the hydrostatic pressure readings. The sensor unit's compatible and refined nature with cable size upto 2,500 feet in unusual conditions makes the sensor incredibly versatile. Several common applications include freshwater pump controls in wells and deep wells, accurate hydrometry readings for sea or surface water levels, pump control at wastewater treatment plants, and other water treatment, retention, and usage fields. Conclusion If you are looking for the submersible liquid level sensor for any of the applications, you can quickly get specific sensors in the market depending on your requirements. You can also go for the ideal sensor for long term stability. You can easily select among the customs options to cater to your needs for the specific application requirements.

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All about pressure relief valve: A safety measure

A pressure relief valve is one of the very essential safety measures used to control or maintain a system's pressure. If not managed, the pressure would otherwise build up and slow down the process, instrument or equipment failure, or fire. Over the years, explosions have caused too much damage, and pressurized tanks and vessels equipped with pressure relief valves to improve safety can malfunction and lead to disaster. The pressure transmitter and pressure relief valve both are different things. When we talk of the pressure transmitter, it is a device that is used for pressure measurement of liquid and gases. Why is an understanding of pressure relief valve essential? Understanding the right manner of testing the valves is essential as Pressure relief valves keep the maintenance and testing in the working order to keep the working environment safe. Things to keep in mind for pressure relief valves Below given are some of the best practices to consider when your testing schedule begins: Continuously Ensure Technician's Personal Protection Pressure relief valve testing and measurement might involve high noise levels and release high velocity and high-temperature fluids. Specialists ought to keep away from the danger by wearing the important personal protective equipment, like eye and ear protection. Test regularly A pressure relief valve testing is known to be the best techniques when finished as per standard schedule. Since each company has its own set of pressure relief valve testing requirements and guidelines, all the required facilities are given perfectly with constant, comprehensive testing, which comprises both operational tests and verifying the valve’s nameplate set pressure. Work in-Place Test In case the pressure relief valve has not been tested or doesn't have any previous testing records, the National Board conveys that first, it needs to be tested through lifting the test lever. In case the valve doesn't open or gets stuck in between, then in such a situation, you can remove the equipment immediately from services till the time valve gets replaces or repaired. Confirm Nameplate Set Pressure In case the valve has been tested recently and passed the operate-in-place test, it become essential to complete a test to confirm nameplate set pressure. Each company differs in the directive frequency of these tests. Still, it becomes crucial to regularly accomplish the pressure relief valve test as soon as your industry mandates since it is the only option left to verify the pressure relief valves. Identify the time of Repairing or Replacement of Pressure Relief Valves One of the most critical parts of pressure relief valve testing is identifying when the valve requires maintenance. It is one of the essential parts of the test, normally known as inline testing, where experts need to finish the testing. As technicians understand pressure relief valve malfunction, they can easily replace them instantly while testing the valve in line. Know about the Pop-Off Pressure Point One of the essential factors while testing the pressure relief valve is that you should be aware of the valve’s pop-off pressure point. The pressure relief valve operates to cross-check the valve's set point, but you never want to pop open. Instead, proper testing impels the value to its simmer point, where the valve starts to lift, so that the inspecting technician gets the accurate readings and hence no damage is done to the valve.

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Things to know about flame detectors

A Flame detector is a transmitter that is specially designed to determine and respond to the existence of flame or fire, enabling flame detection. Response to the detected flame is based on the installation, but it also involves sounding an alarm, deactivating a fuel line, and activating a fire suppression system. In case you are concerned about monitoring the presence of gas over a long distance. Then Open path Gas detector offers you a quick response; they function even in crucial situations and only need more miniature instruments to monitor large surfaces. Several types of performance variables Flame detectors differ in capabilities; every type has its advantages and limitations. Before selecting the proper flame detector for applications, make sure to consider several types of performance variables given below: Detector range and response time It is one of the essential things to understand the distance within which the system analyzes flames; depending upon the type of fuel, the time is taken by the instrument to collect, process, and report feedback radiated energy detected. As per the EN 54-10 fire detection safety standard, the response should be quick and accurate within 30 seconds. Immunity to unwanted alarms A flame detector should mitigate the possibility of alarm malfunction through non-fire sources. An alarm malfunction might cause system shutdowns and evacuations, also result in an investigation by the industry or local authority having jurisdiction. Sometimes rebooting the system might take a few hours or months, particularly when determining quality, environmental, and process safety regulatory requirements. Environmental factors Flame detectors at process plants might function through a wide temperature range. You need to determine the high ambient temperature limits for the tools activated into the compressor or turbine enclosures. Moreover, flares and flare reflections might affect certain flame detector types like multispectral infrared and ultraviolet/IR (UV/IR). Correspondence abilities The work of flame detectors brings about appropriate responses like automatic control actions and alarms. It depends on efficient communication of outputs like 4–20-mA analog signals or relay contacts for remote alarm or fault indication. Some of the bidirectional communications, such as HART, can create information concerning parameters, device configuration, and device diagnostics that existed to control or monitoring the system. Apart from considering several performance variables, inspect that detectors are tested to be used in the hazardous or classified areas and for the particular environment in which they will work. Regular flame hazards The extent of potential flammable hazards is extensive and growing since materials, and its process become more complex. UV/IR Flame Detectors When a UV detector is unified with an IR sensor, a dual-band detected is established, which is quite delicate to the UV and IR radiation transmitted through a flame. An integrated UV/IR flame detector that involves General Monitors Models FL3100H or FL3110 provides improved immunity over the UV detector, works at an average speed of response, and is suitable for indoor and outdoor use. Moreover, with the UV detectors, the detection radius of these instruments lowers down by heavy smoke. Multi-Spectrum Infrared Flame Detectors Multi-Spectrum IR flame detectors utilize numerous infrared spectral regions to enhance flame sources' differentiation from non-flame background radiation. Several flame detectors like General Monitors Model FL4000H are suitable for ignition sources that fabricate smoky fires. These functions at a modest speed with the range of upto 200 feet from the flame source — both indoors and outdoors.

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Basket Strainers: A helping hand

Basket Strainers are one of the common frameworks for downstream protection of mechanical equipment. Basket strainers highlight one of the top removals of the screen. The screen is in the shape of the basket with a lifting handle so that all the parts caught and held by the framework can advantageously be taken out for removal. They are more likely to be utilized for applications where countless strong particulates are expected and clear out will be quick. Variations of basket strainers Some of the variations of basket strainers are as follows: Fabricated Basket Strainer The majority of models have a standard or optional “Quick Release Cover” that enables the user to remove faster and convenient screens without using the tools and equipment. An adjusted cone-base basket can be connected for advantageous flushable solids,  along with the programmed or manual blow-down through the drain port. It enables you to clean out without eliminating the screen, interrupting the process flow, or dismantling any piping. Basket Strainer with optional Wash-Down Valve Using a single basket strainer will create less pressure drop-down when compared with the Y Strainer in sizes above 4”. The basket strainer's installation is in a horizontal pipeline with the cover at the top of the basket. Washing the channel is more agreeable, and no depleting is required.  Maintenance of the basket strainer is convenient, and cover flanges for basket strainers more agreeable for eliminating. Screen locking tools are also provided or hinged cover to make the maintenance simple. Back-Flushing Strainer with Wash-Down Valve Whether cast or custom fabricated, carbon or stainless steel, bolted cover, or quick release, basket strainers provide the efficient, flexible and proven system for removing particulate protection of your investment in expensive downstream mechanical equipment.

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How Does A Submersible Level Transmitters Work?

In industrial processes and under different operating conditions, submersible level transmitters allow measurement of the variables such as pressure, vacuum, and liquid level. Degrees are determined by hydrostatic pressure calculation.   Digital electronics and a microprocessor are provided for the systems, enabling more precise, accurate sensor control than conventional analog transmitters, as well as providing diagnostic information about the transmitter status. To be calibrated and placed close to the surface, the submersible level pressurizer often referred to as a level sensor or level transmitter is directly submerged into the liquid. The submersible pressure sensor tests the hydrostatic pressure, which allows the actual amount, i.e. the liquid column height above, to be measured directly. The following are some examples of applications for Submersible Level transmitters: •    City water supply in the manufacturing and preparation of raw water for drinking and sanitary water, as well as for storage and distribution of water, hydrostatic water pressure measures are used for all areas of urban water supply. •    In several different areas of urban wastewater treatment, such as in over-fall, irrigation, rain and ventilation basins, settlement ponds, raking systems, water filtration presses, wastewater tanks, etc., submersibles level sensors are also used. •    Processing of industrial wastewater: Wastewater networks with state-of-the-art measurement technologies have become increasingly involved. •    Levels of tanks: All use submersible pressure transmitters for level monitoring fresh water, diesel fuel tanks, and chemical totes. A submersible pressure transmitter may be used to assess the liquid level by continuous pressure measurements on the tank bottom or by the measuring placement of the diaphragm of the transmitter.

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What Is Level Transmitter Working Principle?

A device for constant level calculation is a level transmitter. Level transmitters are used at any given time to assess the level of a certain bulk or liquid. Level transmissions vary from level switches that sound an alarm only when the content level exceeds a predetermined level. Submersible Level Transmitter is precise and can be read continuously in almost any tank of size. The level sensor Submersible works by measuring the hydrostatic pressure of a liquid in the tank. A measure of two variables is hydrostatic pressure, one of which is the density of the fluid, and one is the height of the fluid. Assuming the fluid's density is constant, the changes in hydrostatic pressure can be correlated to the fluid's height in the tank. Level transmitter types and their operations Six key types of level transmitters are available. Each transmitter works in various ways which makes it useful for a variety of different processes. Radar Fill Level Transmitters Using radio wave emissions, much like radars, radar fill level transmitters. This equipment is usually installed on or near the top of a liquid-filled tank. A radar signal is sent to the fluid in the tank by the transmitter itself and reflected in that signal based on how long it takes for the transmitted signal to return. The transmitters can then correctly measure the current filled tank stage. Ultrasonic Level Transmitter The Ultrasonic level transmitter is close to the radar level transmitter, which is not in contact. An ultrasonic transducer is supplied with this transmitter, which is fixed to or close to the top of the container. As the pulse reaches the liquid surface, it is mirrored and the sensor measures the amount of fill based on the interval between the pulse and the return signal. Guided Microwave Level Transmitters This type of level transmitter is powered by microwave or electromagnetic pulse through the sensor rod/cable, as the guided microwave level transmitters. As the signal enters the surface of the liquid, it returns to the transmitter housing and backs up to the sensor rod. In the transmitter case, the electronics are incorporated to decide the amount of filling of the signal that is required for the signal to pass down and back up the sensor rod. The value is reflected in the transmitter window. This type of level transmitter is ideal for liquids and is used in all fields of process technology in industrial applications. Magnetic Level Transmitters It is typically in a small auxiliary column to limit any lateral float movement. When the float is on top of the liquid, another magnetic instrument tests the float's motions. This enables the transmission of a specific, consistent fill level. The float appears to rise or fall by the volume of liquid, which is useful for continuous measurement. Pressure Transmitter A Pressure Transmitter is a pressure transducer-connected tool. The pressure transmitter output is an analog electric tension or a signal that accounts for between 0 to 100% of the sensed pressure range of the transducer.

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How Does A Flame Detector Work?

Flame detectors are widely used for indoor and outdoor hazards where hazardous solvents and fluids are used. There are two types of flame detectors available, one type detecting infrared flame radiation and the other type detecting ultraviolet radiation. Due to its insensitivity to solar radiation, the ultraviolet detector has been used widely to protect against outside threats while indoor detection has advantages due to its higher detection scale and reduced cost. The atmosphere in which both detectors are affected can result in false alarms, the ultraviolet detector is highly susceptible to arc welding, and the infrared detector can be affected by hot sources such as lamps and heaters. Flame detector technology Application When the detection is appropriate, flame detectors are used: •    No convection, runoff, or wind affect the detector   •    Smoke, vapors, dust, and nebula resistant •    React to more than 25m to a flame •    Fast response The detector detects the optical radiation, including non-carbonate materials, produced by burning material. For instance e.g. Hydrogen Highlights Operational Theory The detector reacts to blinking IR radiation from the flames released during combustion at low frequencies (1 to 15 Hz). IR Flaming Flicker technique allows the sensor to function through the oil, dust, mist, or ice sheet. Most IR-Flame sensors respond to 4.3μm of hydrocarbon-emitting light. All flickering flames can be observed by reacting to 1.0 to 2.7 μm light emitted from all fires. Fires that cannot be seen to the naked eye can also be observed such as hydrogen.

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Types Of Flame Detectors Used

The flame detector is intended for use with open burning fires. The light emitted during combustion is reacted to. In response to specific optical wavelengths and flame flickering frequencies, the sensor discriminates between flames and other light sources. This helps the detector to eliminate false alarms due to flickering sunlight. The main focus of fire detection is on the detection of heat, smoke, or flame. Many of these properties also have other beneficial influences, such as heat from steam pipes, aerosol particles, and sunlight. Additional factors complicate fire detection mechanism by masking interesting characteristics including air temperature and air movement. Furthermore, fire smoke and heat can dissipate too quickly or accumulate too slowly to detect effectively. In comparison, they will respond to flames in less than a second, since flame detectors are optical devices. This optical quality also decreases the fire detector, provided that not everybody has a fire. Like any detection tool, its use must be compatible with the climate and environmental risks. There are currently three kinds of flame detectors. It consists of •    Infrared (IR) •    Ultraviolet (UV) •     UV and IR combinations Infrared Single Frequency Flame Detectors Infrared detectors have been available for several years, but technology has only recently allowed stability and accuracy in detection. A source device emits a high-energy radiator of a certain wavelength in an infrared open path gas detection system. The detector device measures the energy released by the target gas at particular spectral bands. This allows rapid hydrocarbon and toxic gas leak detection. Infrared Multi-Spectrum Flame Detectors The device has 3 sensors, each of which is sensitive to a different radiation level. In the wavelength accepted by one sensor, the IR radiation released by a typical hydrocarbon fire is more intensive. Electronic circuitry converts the intensity difference of the three sensors in the detector into a ratio that must be present with a synchronous flicker until a fire signal is generated. This helps the detector to reject black body radiation sources that flicker highly because they do not follow the correct ratio criterion. Ultraviolet Flame Detectors A UV-sensor detector uses a sensor tube that detects radiation from 1000 to 3000 angstroms. The ultraviolet radiation from the sun touching the earth begins at 2800 angles. The sun's rays will activate the sensor if it has a broad spectrum, meaning it is for indoor use only. Sensors with 1800 to 2500 angstroms are available. They are available. Ultraviolet / Infrared Flame Detectors A UV/IR detector contains a UV and an IR sensor of a single frequency paired into a single unit. The two sensors operated independently as before, but signals from both sensors were augmented by other circuitry. A variety of dangerous conditions are protected with flame detectors, such as hydrogen stations, industrial warming and drying systems, industrial gas turbines, home, and gas-fueled heating systems. Its primary objective is to mitigate combustion risks. A flame sensor also reacts faster than a heat detector or smoke sensor.

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Crucial Tank Vents and Eductors for Chemical Process Industries

Venting Applications Tank vents are devices intended to provide pressure relief for atmospheric or low-pressure storage tanks. The set points of these vents can be by spring loading, weight loading or buckling pin. The primary aim of venting a storage vessel is to maintain specific pressure in the tank to compensate for changing pressure conditions (during filling, emptying and temperature fluctuations). They also prevent over-pressuring in emergency conditions, evaporation loss, and fire and explosions. Why are Tank Vents in Low-Pressure Systems necessary? A frequent change in temperature conditions of a tank can lead to significant vacuum, which needs to be relieved. A low-pressure tank does not mean low risk. If low-pressure tanks get compromised, they can release huge volumes of pollutants to the environment. Low-pressure storage tanks are omnipresent in almost all chemical process industries. Storages are essential to sustain a steady supply of raw materials, intermediates, and products. These tanks enable storage of large quantities of material at low pressure, often in remote locations. While these tanks operate at low pressure, their large volumes pose an enormous risk. Tank Vents are crucial design consideration for the effective operation of low-pressure tanks. The venting requirements should include safeguards against all possible causes of overpressure and vacuum. Tank vents also play a crucial role in reducing evaporation losses and fugitive emissions. They remain closed until it is necessary to open to protect the tanks. Since vapours get contained from releasing into the atmosphere, it reduces product loss significantly. Thus, venting of storage also helps in reducing air pollution due to these leaks. It also reduces degradation and contamination of storage vessels. Pump without moving parts Eductors, in chemical industries, are an alternative for the centrifugal pumps. They are useful in hazardous environments thanks to the low cost and negligible moving mechanical devices. These devices work on the venturi effect for pump operation. It finds uses in pumping out liquids or fluidised solids in environments where the suction head is too low for the centrifugal pump to operate. Types of Eductors in Chemical Process Industries 1.    Water Jet Eductors use a high-pressure fluid to handle a low-pressure fluid and discharge the mixture against a medium pressure. They find uses throughout the industry in mixing and pumping operations. Their application includes handling condensate, extracting solvents, circulating solutions, pumping brine solutions, pumping wells, draining cellars, creating emulsions, pumping out barges, elevating water, etc. 2.    Steam Jet Siphons use steam as the driving force to pump, mix liquids and handle fluidised solids. Steam under pressure releases at high speed through a nozzle and entrains the suction slurry or liquid. Steam Jet Siphon handles abrasive suctions effectively. The operation can include emptying storage vessels, pumping out liquids, mixing and heating, handling slurries, priming of pumps, etc. 3.    Solids Handling Eductors for pneumatic conveying of solids; they employ motive (driving force) air from a compressed air source or a blower to entrain solid particles. They can also use liquid in handling dry solids, under pressure which issues through a nozzle and produces a high-velocity jet to transport granular solids or slurries.

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For Unconventional Uses: Pressure Transmitter and Submersible Level Transmitter

A Pressure Transmitter is a device that converts the electrical signal into an amplified electrical signal that moves over a long distance. In this article, we will see some odd uses of them. Some Odd Uses of Pressure Transmitters Using a pressure transmitter, one can measure the level of the liquid in a container. However, get the precise volume of the vessel and the specific gravity of the liquid. The high-gravity fluids will affect the pressure reading significantly more than low-gravity ones. The pressure at the bottom of a vessel correlates with the height of the liquid. Pressure transmitter measures a hydrostatic head pressure and provides the liquid level in the container. Differential pressure transmitters often used for level measurement of fluid tanks. As this is an inferential technique, you may want to pair it with other level measurement techniques for better results. Industries can use Differential pressure transducers to measure the flow rate of in-compressible liquids like water. The most common method is to measure the pressure drop across an orifice plate in the pipe. Then, you can calculate the flow rate using Bernoulli's principle. A significant pressure drop across a filter can indicate clogging, as the flow decreases with sludge and solid particles accumulating. Using a pressure measuring device, you can determine when it’s time to clean the filters. Level Transmitter for Dirty Job Submersible Level Transmitter is suitable for turbulent, corrosive, and sludge-like mediums. Corrosive nature of such fluids degrades and corrodes instruments. The sensor of the Submersible Level Transmitter sustains in corrosive environments. Submersible Level Transmitter is unbeatable in harsh environments. Thus it is ideal for deep wells, wastewater plants, chemical plants, refineries, rivers, etc.

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Why Companies install Flame Detectors and Open Path Gas Detectors?

Industries involved in manufacturing, processing, storing or transportation of flammable materials need a flame monitoring system. A flame detector is an optical sensor that detects the heat and communicates it to a control unit. Why Flame Detectors? The optical sensor of a flame detector is sensitive to radiation emitted at different wavelengths in various spectral bands. It can detect it remotely, even a small size fire from a long distance. The design of a flame detector enables them to differentiate an actual flame from other radiations. These radiations can come from sunlight, other hot objects, and lighting, welding, and similar non-flame origins. Thus, it mitigates the chances of false alarms that can cause productivity loss. Flame Detector finds its application in coal handling, industrial heating and drying systems, oil refineries, metal fabrication, agriculture, power plants, printing, spray booths, waste handling, nuclear industry, pharmaceuticals, aircraft hangars, high voltage equipment, gas-fuelled cookers, tunnels, engine test facilities, storage tanks, etc. Why Open Path Gas Detectors? Open path gas is a line-of-sight gas monitoring arrangement viable for long-distance detections. They offer safeguard from toxic and hazardous gas leaks. This detection technique can find uses in hydrocarbon storage tanks, offshore drilling, fence-lines, docks loading and unloading sites, etc. Unlike simple IR detectors, an open path detector can detect gas molecules in a wide-open range of up to 200 metres. Unlike a fixed point detector, when it comes to installation options, an open path gas detector gives companies even more flexibility. By focusing a beam of light, the detector can very precisely locate the site of a gas leak and very easily alert workers to the situation.

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Industry and Civil Essentials: Basket Strainers and Pressure Relief Valves

Very Useful Basket Strainers Basket strainers are designed to get rid of solids from liquids that in process industries. They are made of a wide variety of alloys, so it is possible to choose the right material to meet the filtration job's demands. These strainers are also extra-strong, so that even under high volumes and long run times, they can work at full line pressure. Applications Food Process Industry: A Strainer requires removing solids from the main liquid for a process plant that produces fruit juice, or purifies huge volumes of pure water, or produces maple syrup. The solids may be as large as stray plant stems or as small as mineral particles, depending on the source of the liquid. The basket strainer mesh size is selected according to what needs to be taken out of the liquid stream. In food production applications, multiple strainers can be used. In these instances, the wider mesh is first used so that overly-large particles do not quickly clog the finer mesh. A sufficiently-pure end result with the final strain can be achieved by running the strainers serially. Injectables and medicines must get free of all particulate solids so that they do not cause clots and other problems in patients. Here, pharmaceutical grade of basket strainers find their application. Hospitals and healthcare centres need pure water available for use during surgery and other procedures. Installing right grade of strainer is the most convenient way to make the water on tap purified. The basket strainer protects equipment from damage caused by unintended pipeline debris. These are installed upstream of devices such as pumps, control valves, and traps, preventing the line from passing through potentially corrosive or harmful debris. Relief the Pressure Special devices that automatically reduce the operating pressure of the pipeline are the pressure relief valves. They can lower the upstream high water pressure to meet the pressure requirements at downstream. Applications Pressure relief valves find applications in urban water supply network, high-rise buildings, mines, process industries etc., to ensure that various water supply points in the system obtain the appropriate service pressure and flow rate. They have role of enhancing working conditions in a supply system and potentially save water. It is possible because, the leakages in water supply and degree of waste are somewhat proportional to the water pressure of the supply system. Basic Principle The basic principle of the pressure relief valve is that, in order to reduce water pressure, the flow channel inside the valve has a local resistance to water flow. The water pressure drop range is automatically controlled on both sides of the piston by the thin film connecting the valve flaps or the differential inlet and outlet water pressure. Way Forward in Pressure Relief Valves Some new types of pressure relief valves, such as fixed-type pressure relief valves, have been developed in recent years. Using the water pressure ratio control of the floating piston in the valve body is the principle of fixed-type pressure relief. At the inlet and outlet ends, the pressure relieving ratio is inversely proportional to the piston area on the sides of the inlet and outlet. Without vibration, this sort of pressure relief valve works smoothly.

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How Submersible Level Transmitter is Useful in Wastewater Plants? And, Types of Pressure Transmitters

While pressure sensors can detect variations in pressure conditions, by converting changes in resistance or capacitance to electrical values, these electrical signals are comparably weak. Not strong enough to be transmitted to a controller located very far from the sensor. Therefore, a pressure transmitter is required. There is a pressure sensor in a pressure transmitter. It also has a signal conditioner to amplify the output from the pressure sensor. These transmitters usually come with a monitor that shows pressure value, transmitted by the pressure sensor into standard output. Types of Pressure Transmitter Absolute Pressure Transmitters, or vacuum transmitters, are usually used where high precision is required, such as low-pressure measurement of vacuum distillation columns. They sense pressure against full vacuum. Absolute pressure is the pressure measured in a full vacuum with no matter inside, where absolute zero is the reference point. Gauge pressure transmitters are contrasted against atmospheric pressure rather than to an absolute vacuum. These have wide applications in the process industries for pressure gauging in liquid, gas and steam. Differential-Pressure Transmitters, as the name suggests, measure the difference between two pressures. In the flow applications, they measure the differential-pressure on the upstream and downstream side of a constriction in the pipe, also called a primary element. The pressure difference here helps to measure the flowrate of the fluid. Multivariable pressure transmitters measure two or more process variables, like volumetric flow, along with pressure and temperature. They use these data to compute mass flow. Multivariable transmitters are becoming more extensively used for steam and gas flow measurement. These types of transmitters are generally costlier than DP Transmitters. However, when one compares with the total cost of pressure, temperature, and volume measuring devices, they appear cost-effective. Why is submersible level transmitter ideal for wastewater treatment plant? Level monitoring and control is a key provision in any wastewater treatment process. One can mitigate overloading issues, and various other engineering and operational problems, by calculating the liquid levels. Combined with automated warnings, it makes a sophisticated management system for the wastewater plant. Corrosive nature of wastewater treatment plants attacks everything from instrumentation to the structures and installations at a treatment plant. The instrument designs should be such that they withstand the harsh operating environment. When it comes to wastewater applications, for smooth plant operations one requires a pressure transmitter that can be submerged but still provides reliable data. In that case, submersible level transmitter can work in the sludgiest environments. The submersible level transmitter is a very accurate instrument that can calculate constant levels in almost any tank size. It monitors a liquid's hydrostatic pressure created at the bottom of a tank. It can take consistent level readings in any tank of any size. Along with a sensor attached to a long cable, these transmitters determine hydrostatic pressure. The variations in hydrostatic pressure reflect a difference in the level of the liquid media. Compact, intuitive, and smart submersible level transmitter comes handy with pump control in deep wells, wastewater treatment plants, and similar applications. It is a reliable instrument for pressure control in holding tanks, chemical plants, refineries, paint plants, lift stations, etc.