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[frederickwtaylor]

our grand conclusion.

I'm sure you will all be devastated to hear that this blog about Frederick W Taylor is coming to an end. Sadly our management assignment is due so we are forced to stop providing this entertaining and educational service to you, the people of Tumblr. Rory, Rory, David and I have thoroughly enjoyed learning about and sharing our new found knowledge of our favourite management scientist. We hope you have enjoyed reading our content as much as we have enjoyed making it. we know by reading our posts about Taylors four principles of scientific management you have learned about management science and its benefits. We are certain you can acknowledge its faults which we discussed in our criticisms post but mostly we pray that our regular fun facts kept you engaged and our that our quotes inspired you. We thank our loyal followers for all the likes, comments and reposts.

So lastly from the Four members of "Fred again" we say goodbye.

Rob Cullen.

[frederickwtaylor]

The Mental Revolution

Before Taylor’s principles could be implemented, he stated that first the attitudes of the workers and management needed to change. He defined his work as “a complete mental revolution on both the part of the workingman connected in any establishment and an equally complete mental revolution on the part of those on the management’s side”. Managers and workers needed to change their outlook on each other.

Therefore, they could turn their focus towards maximising profit. It would also create a more productive work environment and improve society as a whole. Taylor stated “Without this complete mental revolution on both sides, scientific management does not exist.” He found that for an organisation to operate to its maximum potential, the organisation and its employees needed to have a similar perspective and attitude towards the organisation.

He utilised this way of identifying scientific management as a way to demonstrate how it is a system rather than a solution. It is not an ‘efficiency device’ or a ‘motion study’, it was something completely new and unique.

It needed to be adapted by everyone, not just management or the workers.

The effects of Taylor's 'Mental Revolution' were later examined. One study carried out on the Link- Belt Company (an engineering company who were one of the first firms to adapt Taylor’s principles of management science), illustrated that scientific management had overall improved the efficiency of the firms, however, it did not necessarily promote unity between management and the workforce. Therefore in this particular example, his complete mental revolution was not accomplished.

~ David Kelly

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Taylors influence on education

In 1908 the prestigious Harvard University in America had a business management degree. The first year of the degree was focused on Taylor's scientific management.

Rob Cullen

[frederickwtaylor]

"Work consists mainly of simple, not particularly interesting, tasks. The only way to get people to do them is to incentivise them properly and monitor them carefully" - Frederick W. Taylor

~David Kelly

[frederickwtaylor]

Fun Fact!

This one is for all you chemistry heads. As we know, Taylor is renowned for his advancements in management science theory, however, he still managed to die a very wealthy man. (Remember, he was also a mechanical engineer). In 1898, Bethlehem Steel employed Taylor as a superintendent. This is where he came across his most valuable patent alongside Mr. Maunsel White (not to be confused with Mr. Walter White). The pair were hired to decipher which material was the most efficient for cutting. They found that certain steels alloyed (mixed) with tungsten and other elements at a certain temperature was four times faster. The duo received a total of $100,000 for this patent alone, which today exceeds 3 million dollars!🤑

~David Kelly

[frederickwtaylor]

"Hardly a competent workman can be found who does not devote a considerable amount of time to studying just how slowly he can work and still convince his employer that he is going at a good pace" - Frederick W Taylor

Robert Cullen

[frederickwtaylor]

Criticism of Taylor

Frederick Taylor and his development of classical management theory is responsible for modern day management and subsequently how our world functions on a daily basis. However, not everybody is as big a fan of Taylor as we are on this blog. In fact, Taylor has received a vast amount of criticism due to certain aspects of his management science principles. It is widely believed that he is the reason for long, meaningless, and boring workdays where the worker is more akin to a cog in a machine, rather than an individual in a business.

Taylors second principle is often widely criticized for these reasons. The idea of training a certain worker to conduct a specific task as efficiently as possible can be seen as dehumanizing. This form of repetitive work is seen to be monotonous and unfulfilling, and Taylorism is often blamed for treating the worker as a machine, who conducts a specific task with no deviation or complaint. This mechanical approach to work can still be seen in sweatshops and factories around the world and is a method employed by many large corporations such as Amazon. This form of work is largely condemned due to its demoralizing and mechanical approach, which excludes the human and social aspect of work.

Taylorism also placed large pressure on workers to perform their tasks as fast as possible. This led to the exploitation of employees as profits and productivity were seen to be placed above their own well-being. Yet again this aspect is widely condemned, however classical management is no longer the only form of management a manager can employ. These criticisms of Taylors ideas lead to the development of behavioural management.

In hindsight, it is easy to criticise Taylor for his ideas and say they were inhumane. However, we here at the “Fred again…” blog believe this is not a fair assumption. It is easy for us to point out all the flaws in Taylors principles when we project them on our modern world, however at the time of their introduction to the workplace, they were revolutionary. Although Taylors principles may now seem outdated and cruel, they are what lead to the developments in technology which allowed for us to now live such luxurious lives.

~Rory L

References

[frederickwtaylor]

In 1911 Taylor published his book "The Principles of Scientific Management" we strongly recommend Frederick Taylor fans give it a read. Here is the link to a digital copy.

http://strategy.sjsu.edu/www.stable/pdf/Taylor,%20F.%20W.%20(1911).%20New%20York,%20Harper%20&%20Brothers.pdf

- Robert Cullen

[frederickwtaylor]

Despite us talking about Frederick W Taylor’s athleticism don’t be confused. We are not discussing Frederick a Taylor the professional nfl player.

- Rob Cullen

[frederickwtaylor]

Taylor's fourth principle of management science

Fredericks fourth principle was “an almost equal division of work and the responsibility between the management and the workmen.” Taylor believed that managers should take over all the jobs for which they are better suited. Taylor envisaged a system where the managers do all the thinking so that the workers only have to work. He correctly predicted that if you let a manager analyse a task, in order to discover the most efficient way to complete it, then They will devise a better method then the workers. Therefore if you let the manager control the workers so that they work in this particular way, production will increase. To ensure the work is done in the designated way managers are made responsible for providing the correct equipment to the workers in the correct conditions and ensuring the workers operated this equipment according to the procedure they designed. He believed that for this to be possible the managers needed to work alongside the workers overseeing, directing and encouraging them. He understood that when both managers and workers work in close cooperation both groups preform more efficiently. During an experiment in Bethlehem steel works, Taylor found that while using the old method, where workers decided how they did their Job’s themselves, good workers were only able to move 12 tons of iron pigs a day. He then studied the work and designed a new method of completing the task. He then chose the worker most suited to the job and offered him a raise in exchange for doing everything in exactly the way he was told. After the implementation of his fourth principle the same worker was able to move 47 tons of iron pigs in one day. This experiment proved the improved efficiency brought by allowing managers to micromanage the workforce.

Rob cullen

[frederickwtaylor]

Taylor's 3rd Principle of Scientific Management

Third Principle ~ managers and employers should cooperate to ensure all work is done with regard to management science.

Cooperation plays a central role in Taylor’s 3rd principle of management. He remarked that it is the manager’s duty to ensure that the employees’ work is being done with respect to the management science that was developed. It is then the employees’ responsibility to do that work. He understood how each party has a duty to fulfil.

Employers should offer production goals for employees to strive towards. In return they can expect incentives if these goals are achieved or exceeded.

Managers should also recognise their employees’ talents and assign them tasks best suited to these skills. This allows for the workers to be as productive as possible. Therefore, management and workforce have a symbiotic relationship. Instead of maintaining the traditional philosophy that the worker and employer were the other’s enemy, he emphasised how cooperation was mutually beneficial. They needed each other.

For example, if there are incentives, the worker is more motivated to work harder. If the worker works harder, that leads to more output for the employer and ultimately more profit.

The work should also be divided amongst the workers. These workers should be categorised in the following manner. One set should plan all the work prior to doing it to save time, another set should focus on the labour and doing the work, the third should focus on producing the equipment for labour and finally, a set of workers more knowledgeable and experienced than the others should offer assistance and advice for the other sets of employees.

This way each worker will work in the area they are best suited.

~David Kelly

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[frederickwtaylor]

Second Principle of Scientific Management

Frederick Taylor – Second Principle of Scientific Management

Fred emphasised harmony, not discord, amongst employees in a group within his second principle of Scientific management.  This he aimed to attain via assigning workers jobs based on their respective capability and motivation and training them to work at maximum efficiency, as opposed to assigning workers to just any job.

Frederick used the example of the position of a pig-iron handler, where he found from his own research that one in eight workers were ill-suited to the new standards demanded by the profession in terms of the amount of iron that one worker could carry in a day.

Taylor believed that his principles of scientific management should be gradually implemented due to the time taken for the mental attitude of a worker to change.

Taylor also believed in human relations within the workplace to a certain degree; if a worker was underperforming initially, Taylor said “competent teacher should be sent to show [the worker] exactly how [their] work can be best done, to guide, help, and encourage [them]… [and give them] the time and the help required to make [them] proficient at [their] present job.”  If the worker was to underperform consistently however, Taylor suggested they were to be shifted to another class of work “for which they are [either] mentally or physically better suited.”

From his book Principles of Scientific Management, it is clear that Taylor attempted to account for human behaviour in the implementation of his science and allowed for a certain margin of error on the workers’ behalf, offering a potential counter argument to criticisms of his theories of Scientific Management.  Furthermore, his ideas relating to the delegation of tasks to workers of certain ability can be viewed as a key foundation to increasing the efficiency of specialisation of labour, a key aspect to the rapid industrialisation of the west in the 20th Century.

-Rory L

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Turn Off The Lights

Frederick lost his eyesight in 1872 from too much night study.

-Rory L

[frederickwtaylor]

"In the past the man has been first; in the future the system must be first." - Fredrick W Taylor -Rob Cullen

[frederickwtaylor]

Frederick L Taylor

Although we all know Frederick Taylor was a very successful management scientist, his first love was law. He wished to follow his father’s footsteps and become a lawyer also. He initially never intended to study management or to define what management science is, but he had planned to study law at Harvard, our Freddy was a very clever boy! He had passed his entrance exam to Harvard, however, was forced to give up on his dream to become a lawyer when his eye-sight began to deteriorate from night-time study. He didn’t let his dodgy eyes stop him from achieving greatness, and went on to become a machinist, and subsequently define classical management.

~Rory Lally

[frederickwtaylor]

As all you fellow Frederick and sports fans probably know already that he was A man of many talents.  Along with Clarence Clark he won the United States National tennis doubles championship in the year 1881. They dominated the final winning all three sets.

This finals performance was unlike that of our two group members' performance for the JES who bottled their Connacht Senior cup final.

Rob Cullen

[frederickwtaylor]

Taylors first principle

In the opening paragraph of Taylors “The principles of scientific management”, he quotes Franklin D Roosevelt by saying that “national efficiency” is the United States main concern. This is an ideology that Taylor adapted on a much smaller scale to fit his own firms and operations.  

The first principle of Taylors form of scientific management known as “Taylorism”, was the idea of applying this thought of “national efficiency” to the workplace by replacing standard work methods with methods based on a scientific study of tasks. Taylor wished to create the most efficient work environment as possible, and therefore he devised this principle. In essence, Taylor wanted to maximise a workers output whenever they were working.  

He began to analyse every small detail in the work-environment in an effort to find a better way to conduct operations. Taylor would go on to trial many different methods of doing the same task, and after analysing the results of each method, the most efficient way was chosen as the new standard form of operations.  

An example of one of Taylors trials can once again be seen in his work done at the Bethlehem Steel Company. In his efforts to maximise the transport of coal within the factories, Taylor decided to give his workers larger shovels to carry the coal with. After seeing an increase in productivity, he continued to increase the size of the shovels he provided until he noticed a shift back towards what the original efficiency had been. Taylor concluded that he had exceeded the ideal size of a shovel, and therefore began decreasing the size of the shovels he gave his workers until he found a size which was deemed the most efficient. This improvement allowed his specialized workers increase the average daily output from 16 to 59 tons of coal. 

This ideal shovel was able to carry 21 pounds of material and Taylors observations were so accurate, that most shovels on sale in stores today still carry a maximum load of 21 pounds. 

~Rory Lally

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