Today – Thursday, June 21 – is the summer solstice in the northern hemisphere. But what causes this change in seasons? And what exactly is a solstice? It’s all about Earth’s tilt!
Many people believe that Earth is closer to the Sun in the summer and that is why it is hotter. And, likewise, they think Earth is farthest from the Sun in the winter.
Although this idea makes sense, it is incorrect. There is a different reason for Earth’s seasons.
Earth’s axis is an imaginary pole going right through the center of Earth from “top” to “bottom.” Earth spins around this pole, making one complete turn each day. That is why we have day and night, and why every part of Earth’s surface gets some of each.
Earth has seasons because its axis doesn’t stand up straight. Today, the north pole is tipped toward the Sun, and the south pole is tipped away from the Sun. The northern summer solstice is an instant in time when the north pole of the Earth points more directly toward the Sun than at any other time of the year. It marks the beginning of summer in the northern hemisphere and winter in the southern hemisphere.
To mark the beginning of summer, here are four ways to enjoy the many wonders of space throughout the season:
1. Spot the International Space Station
As the third brightest object in the sky, the International Space Station is easy to see if you know when to look up. Sign up to get alerts when the station is overhead: https://spotthestation.nasa.gov/. Visible to the naked eye, it looks like a fast-moving plane only much higher and traveling thousands of miles an hour faster!
2. Treat your ears to space-related podcasts
From our “Gravity Assist” podcast that takes you on a journey through the solar system (including the Sun!) to our “NASA in Silicon Valley” podcast that provides an in-depth look at people who push the boundaries of innovation, we have podcast offerings that will suit everyone’s taste. For a full list of our podcasts, visit https://www.nasa.gov/podcasts.
3. Explore space by downloading NASA apps
Our apps for smartphones, tablets and digital media players showcase a huge collection of space-related content, including images, videos on-demand, NASA Television, mission information, feature stories, satellite tracking and much more. For a full list of our apps available for download, visit https://www.nasa.gov/connect/apps.html
4. Watch launches to space
This summer, we have multiple opportunities for you to take in the sights of spacecraft launches that will deliver supplies and equipment to astronauts living aboard the International Space Station, explore our solar system and much more. Be sure to mark your calendar for upcoming launches and landings!
Make sure to follow us on Tumblr for your regular dose of space: http://nasa.tumblr.com
International Chart Day has come and gone, but the posts will live on forever, or at least until one of the many feared apocalypse scenarios. Here are some of our favorites from the Tumblr community:
Whoms’t could argue?
100% delicious.
K-pop Tumblr once again pulling through to rep their bias.
A truly magnificent, loner beast.
Incredibly brave of OP.
Want more? Of course you do. Head on over to #ChartDay, where all the International Chart Day posts live.
Why molecular biology feel the need to impinge on abstract art?
Interorganelle Interactions
Organelles are small, specialized structures in cells that carry out specific tasks. In eukaryotic cells, such as those that make up our bodies, organelles are enclosed by lipid membranes. These membrane-bound compartments allow certain biochemical reactions to proceed without interference from the rest of the cell’s chemistry.
Organelles do, however, move around in cells and bump into one another—doing so allows them to transfer materials and send and receive biochemical signals. To analyze the ways in which organelles interact throughout cells over time, researchers engineered the monkey kidney cell shown above. This kidney cell expresses different-colored fluorescent proteins, each designed to localize in one type of organelle:
Lipid droplets ➝ dark blue
Peroxisomes ➝ red
Mitochondria ➝ green
Golgi ➝ pink
Lysosomes ➝ light blue
Endoplasmic reticulum ➝ yellow
Video credit: Alex Valm & Sarah Cohen, University at Albany, winner of Honorable Mention in Nikon’s 2017 Small World in Motion Competition.