koreanstudygram

[koreanstudygram]

omg 3-ish years into my very slow and lazy korean learning journey i'm actually at a point now where i'm only struggling like 65% percent of the time when talking to someone in korean as opposed to like last year around the same time when i was struggling most of the time and i did such a good job at the tandem event today!! ppl are nice!! also i love the ppl from my class!! i love ppl and i love learning languages!!!

[koreanstudygram]

오늘 아침 저널엔트리:

2025년 6월 17일

안년하세요 저널. 오늘 일했어요 그리고 좋은 근무 교대 였습니다. 우리는 일찍 끝냈습니다. 지금은 내 여동생 (제니) 기다리고 있습니다.

[koreanstudygram]

Quoting people in Korean

Verbs: Person who said it은/는 + what they said & verb in plain form + 고 말했어

So it becomes: 친구는 + 그 영화가 너무 좋다 + 고 말했어

Complete sentence: 친구는 그 영화가 너무 좋다고 말했어 - My friend said that movie is really good

eg.  선생님은 학생들이 늦게 도착하겠다고 말했다 - The teacher said the students will arrive late 

You can also say who it was said to by adding them in along with 에게/한테/께

eg. 친구는 나한테 그 영화가 너무 좋다고 말했어 - My friend told me that that movie is really good

Adjectives: Very similar to verbs but plain form of 하다 endings is 하다 and not 한다.

eg. 내가 엄마한테 너는 예쁘다고 말했어 - I told my mum that you are pretty

eg. 나는 여행할 수 없다고 말했어 - I said I can’t travel 

Nouns (이다): In the past tense, you just add 다고 말했어 to the normal past tense ending 

eg. 그 남자가 성생님이였다고 말했어 - That man said he was a teacher

In the present tense, 다고 becomes 라고 

eg. 그 남자가 성생님이라고 말했어 - That man said he is a teacher

In future tense, you use “것이다” so it would become 것이라고 말했어 which can then be shortened to 거라고 말했어.

eg. 나는 밥을 먹을 거라고 말했어 - I said I will eat

Notes:

1. In spoken Korean,  말했어 is often shortened to just 했어. The meaning is still the same. 

2. In Korean it is also common to use quote form to say your thoughts or beliefs. Just change “말했어” to “생각해” (I think) or “믿어” (I believe)

[koreanstudygram]

before + after doing something

before

verb stem + ~기 전에 → before doing verb

example:

제가 요리하기 전에 항상 손을 씻어요.

= I always wash my hands before cooking.

after

verb stem + ~(으)ㄴ + 다음(후/뒤)에 → after doing verb

* 다음, 후, and 뒤 are interchangeable

example:

운동한 다음에 은행에 갔어요.

운동한 후에 은행에 갔어요.

운동한 뒤에 은행에 갔어요.

= I went to the bank after working out.

vocabulary

요리하다 - to cook

항상 - always

손 - hand(s)

씻다 - to wash

운동하다 - to exercise

은행 - bank

가다 - to go

[koreanstudygram]

MASTERLIST OF KOREAN GRAMMAR/CONCEPTS

ALL BEGINNER SHOULD KNOW 

⚠️I got this list from the "koreantopik" website. Not only that but each thing listed there, they have a lesson on it. Visit this website to find and have access to all those lessons😉

If you were on a mission to learn "all" of the beginner grammar in Korean I think this would help you A LOT. For my advice, I'd say break it down into sizeable chunks & take your time to learn each one thoroughly that way you don't have to re-visit it later.

FULL LIST:

1. Expressing Korean Alphabets, Numbers, Dates and Times in Korean

1.1 Korean Alphabet: How to Read, Write, and Pronounce

1.2 Numbers in Korean = Sino-Korean and Native-Korean

1.3 Dates and Times in Korean = reading Year/Month/Date/Day & Hour/Minute

2. Expressing Tenses and Negation in Korean

2.1 Present Tense in Korean = A/V/N-(스)ㅂ니다 or A/V-아/어요.

2.2 Past and Past Perfect Tense in Korean = A/V-았/었어요 and A/V-았/었었어요.

2.3 Future and Progressive Tense in Korean = V-(으)ㄹ 거예요 and V-고 있다

2.4 Negative Expressions in Korean = (1) 아니다, 없다, 모르다; (2) V-지 않다, 안 V; (3) 못 V, V-지 못하다

3. How to Use Particles in Korean

3.1 N-은/는 vs 이/가 = 'topic marker' vs 'subject marker' in Korean

3.2 을/를 and N의 = 'object particle' and 'possessive particle' in Korean

3.3 N와/과, N (이)랑, N하고 = 'and' ~ listing particle in Korean

3.4 N에, N에서 time & place particles in Korean = at/on (time), in/on/at/to (place)

3.5 N에서 N까지, N부터 N까지, N에게/한테(서) grammar = from…to, from..until, to/from N

3.6 N도, N만, N밖에 particles = also/too, only/just, only/nothing but

3.7 N(으)로, N쯤 particles = to/by/using, about/around

3.8 N(이)나, N처럼/ N같이 particles = or/no less than, like/same

3.9 N보다, N마다 particles in Korean = more...than/-er...than, every/all

4. Expressing Listing and Contrast in Korean 

4.1 V-고, V-거나, V-지만 grammar = ‘and’, ‘or’, ‘but’ in English

4.2 A-ㄴ/은데, N-인데, V-는데 grammar = (1) 'but', (2) 'so/and' in English

5. Expressing Time Events in Korean 

5.1 N 전에/후에, V기 전에, V(으)ㄴ 후에 grammar = before/ago, after/later

5.2 A/V-아/어서 grammar = (1) and/ (in order) to, (2) because (of)/ so that…

5.3 V-(으)면서 grammar = while/during…~actions occurs simultaneously

5.4 V-고 나서 grammar = and then, after doing ~express sequential events

5.5 V-자마자 grammar = as soon as, right after ~something occurs right after the end of an action or event

5.6 V-(으)ㄴ 지 grammar = how long has been 'since' I did something

5.7 N 때, A/V-(으)ㄹ 때 grammar = when, during ~express the time when an action occurs or its duration

5.8 N 중, V-는 중 grammar = in the middle of N/V, currently doing

5.9 N 동안, V-는 동안 grammar = during /for N, while V-ing

6. Expressing Ability in Korean

6.1 V-(으)ㄹ 수 있다/없다 grammar = can/ can't do V ~express possibility to do/ not do something

6.2 V-(으)ㄹ 줄 알다/모르다 grammar = know how to/ don’t know how to V

7. Expressing Demands, Permission, and Prohibition in Korean

7.1 V-(으)세요 grammar = (1) honorific ending ~show respect, (2) making requests politely

7.2 V-지 마세요 grammar = please don’t V~ requesting someone not to do something politely

7.3 V-아/어야 하다 grammar = must, have to ~express necessity to do something

7.4 V-아/어도 되다 grammar = may, can I...? ~ask permission or approval for a behavior

7.5 V-(으)면 안 되다 grammar = may not, not allowed ~express prohibition or limitation of an action

7.6 A/V-지 않아도 되다 (안 A/V-아/어도 되다) grammar = don’t have to ~express the unnecessary of a behavior

8. Expressing Hopes in Korean

8.1 V-고 싶다 = want to, prefer to ~express one's wish or hope

8.2 A/N/V-(으)면 좋겠다 grammar = hope, wish ~express desire, wish, or hope that has not been realized

9. Expressing Reasons and Causes in Korean

9.1 A/V-아/어서 grammar = (1) and/ (in order) to, (2) because (of)/ so that…

9.2 A/V-(으)니까 grammar = (1) because/ since, (2) when/ do sth to discover

9.3 N/A/V-기 때문에 grammar = because (of), since ~Express a reason or cause of a situation

10. Expressing Requests and Assisting in Korean

10.1 V-아/어 주다 and V-아/어 주세요 grammar = assist / please do ~assisting someone or making a request to someone

10.2 V-아/어 줄게요, V-아/어 줄까요? grammar = Shall I, Let me, I will ~attempt to help someone

11. Expressing Experiences in Korean

11.1 V-아/어 보다 grammar = try, have tried ~ tell or ask someone to try or experience something

11.2 V-(으)ㄴ 적이 있다, V-아/어 본 적이 있다 grammar = have done, have tried ~express the past experience

12. Expressing Suggestions and Asking Opinions in Korean

12.1 V-(으)ㄹ까요? grammar = (1) shall we, why don’t we…? (2) shall I, should I…?

12.2 V-ㅂ/읍시다 grammar = let’s, shall we ~suggest someone doing something together

12.3 V-(으)시겠어요? grammar = would you like, why not...? ~politely suggesting or asking for preference

12.4 V-(으)ㄹ래요 grammar = (1) do you want to, how about? (2) be going to, will

13. Expressing Plans and Intentions  in Korean

13.1 A/V-겠어요 grammar = (1) will, plan to; (2) looks, sounds

13.2 V-(으)ㄹ게요 grammar = (I) will ~express intention or promise to do something

13.3 V-(으)ㄹ래요 grammar = (1) do you want to, how about? (2) be going to, will

14. Expressing Purpose and Intention in Korean

14.1 V-(으)러 가다/오다 grammar = go/come (to somewhere) to do something

14.2 V-(으)려고 하다 grammar = plan to, intend to ~express intention or plan that has yet to be done

14.3 V-(으)려고 grammar = in order to, so that ~express intention or purpose to do something

14.4 N을/를 위해서, V-기 위해서 grammar = for (the sake of), (in order) to

14.5 V-기로 하다 grammar = decide to, promise to ~make a promise with oneself or someone

15. Expressing Suppositions and Conditions in Korean

15.1 A/V-(으)면 grammar = if, when ~express a supposition or a condition about a fact ...

15.2 V-(으)려면 grammar = if you want/ intend to…then you should…

15.3 N/A/V-아/어도 grammar = even if, regardless of ~a situation occurs regardless of the previous action

16. Expressing Conjecture (or Guess) in Korean

16.1 A/V-겠어요 grammar = (1) will, plan to; (2) looks, sounds

16.2 A/V-(으)ㄹ까요? grammar = (3) do you think, I wonder if ~express a supposition of an action or state

16.3 A/V-(으)ㄹ 거예요 grammar = (2) I think ~express a supposition based on a direct basis

16.4 A-(으)ㄴ 것 같다, V-는 것 같다 grammar = look like, seem, I think ~express a supposition based on subjective reasons

17. Expressing Suffix Changes in Parts of Speech 

17.1 A/V-은/는/을 N grammar = N that A/V ~noun modifier

17.2 V-기 grammar = V-ing in English ~turn a verb or a phrase into nouns

17.3 A-게 grammar = '...-ly' or 'in a ... manner' ~turn an adjective into an adverb

17.4 A-아/어하다 grammar =~turn an adjective into a verb

18. Expressing State-of-Being in Korean

18.1 V-고 있다 (2) grammar = ~be wearing/taking off ~state of wearing/taking off something

18.2 V-아/어 있다 grammar = 'V-ed/-ing' ~express the continuing state of a completed action

18.3 A-아/어지다 = to get/become ~express a change over time

18.4 V-게 되다 grammar = became, came to, been decided ~express a change from one state to another

19. Confirming Information in Korean

19.1 -ㄴ/은/는지 + V grammar = V + who/what/where/how/when +clause

19.2 V-는 데 걸리다/들다 grammar = take/ cost (time, money) to do something

19.3 A/V-지요? grammar = isn't / don't /..., right? ~to confirm information

20. Expressing Discovery, Surprise, and so on

20.1 -는군요, -는구나, and -군 grammar = I see that, I didn't realize that ~express surprise

20.2 N(이)네요, A/V-네요 grammar = really, certainly, wow ~ express surprise or agree with someone

20.3 A-(으)ㄴ가요? V-나요? grammar = are/do you...?, Is it...?

20.4 A-(으)ㄴ데요, V-는데요 grammar = (1) well, (2) why/what, (3) wow, (4) set background information

21. Expressing Quotations in Korean

21.1 Direct quotations in Korean 라고 했다, 하고 했다 = said/asked/written

21.2 Indirect quotation in Korean 다고 하다 = said ~citing of what someone said

21.3 Indirect quotation in Korean 냐고 하다 = asked ~citing of what someone asked

21.4 Indirect quotation in Korean 자도 하다 = suggested ~citing of what someone suggested

21.5 Indirect quotation in Korean 라고 하다 = told ~citing of what someone requested

21.6 Indirect Quotations in Korean 대요, 래요, 재요, 냬요 = said, asked, told (casual form)

22. Irregular Conjugations and Common Connective Adverbs in Korean

22.1 Korean ㄷ, ㅂ, ㅅ-irregular verbs and adjectives (Part 1)

22.2 Korean ㅎ, ㅡ, ㄹ, 르-irregular verbs and adjectives (Part 2)

22.3 Common connective Korean adverbs: 그래서, 그러나, 그럼, 그런데, 그래도

[koreanstudygram]

☆ grammar point : ~다면서요?

Used to confirm with another person over something (e.g. a plan or a rumour) heard previously from a third party or other source

Equivalent to I heard that … / is it true that …?

♡ verb examples

과거 : ~았/었다면서요? 먹다 → 먹었다면서요? - I heard that you ate? 결혼하다 → 작년에 마크 씨가 결혼했다면서요? - I heard Mark got married last year?

현재 : ~(느)ㄴ다면서요? 먹다 → 오늘에 학교 급식실에 먹는다면서요? - I heard that you are eating in the cafeteria today? 이사하다 → 주말에 새 집으로 이사한다면서요? - I heard that you’re moving into your new house this weekend?

미래 / 추측 : ~(으)ㄹ 거라면서요? 운동하다 → 나중에서 공원에서 운동할 거라면서요? - Is it true that you will work out in the park later?

♡ adjective examples

과거 : ~았/었다면서요? 춥다 → 어젯밤에 서울에 추웠다면서요? - I heard it was cold last night in Seoul? 아프다 → 지난주에 너무 아팠다면서요? - I heard you were very sick last week?

현재 : ~다면서요? 작다 → 재은씨의 기숙사 방은 작다면서요? - Is it true that Jaeeun’s dorm room is small? 비싸다 → 호주에는 생활비가 너무 비싸다면서요? - I heard that living costs are very high in Australia?

미래 / 추측 : ~(으)ㄹ 거라면서요? 많다 → 빵이 많을 거라면서요? - Is it true that there will be a lot of bread?

♡ 이다 examples

과거 : 였다면서요? / 이었다면서요? 시험이다 → 어제는 시험였다면서요? - I heard there was a test yesterday?

현재 : (이)라면서요? 생일이다 → 대니씨, 오늘은 생일이라면서요? - Danny, I heard that today is your birthday, right?

♡ extra notes

A. Directly saw / experienced something

Example 진씨가 기타를 잘 쳐요 (correct usage) - Jin plays guitar well 진씨가 기타를 잘 친다면서요? (incorrect usage)

B. Restate or reconfirm something said

Example a. 저 합격했어요! - I passed! b. A씨, 합격했다고요? (correct usage) - You passed? b. A씨, 합격했다면서요? (incorrect usage)

C. Casual form

“~다며?” is what can be used amongst close friends and to those of lower status/younger age

[koreanstudygram]

VOCABULARY WORDS #2 (어휘)

Family - 가족

Grandfather - 할아버지

Grandmother - 할머니

Father - 아버지

Mother -어머니

Younger brother - 남동생

Younger sister - 여동생

Son - 아들

Daughter - 딸

Husband - 남편

Wife - 아내

Younger sibling - 동생

(from a male perspective)

Older brother -형

Older sister - 누나

(from a female perspective)

Older brother - 오빠

Older sister - 언니

Interrogative pronouns

Who - 누구

Who - 누가 (누구+가(subject marker))

What - 무슨

Personal pronouns

My - 나의 / 내 /제

Our - 우리

(honorific)

This person - 이분

That person - 그분

That person - 저분

Other helpful vocabulary words:

Company - 회사

To work for / to go to - 다니다

Flower - 꽃

Rose - 장미

Library - 도서관

Morning - 아침

Nurse - 간호사

Counting unit for people - 명

College student - 대학생

To love - 사랑하다

to be right - 맞다

Really - 정말

Photograph - 사진

To be pretty - 예쁘다

To marry - 결혼하다

Last year - 작년

[ActiveKorean2]

[koreanstudygram]

Ways to brush up on my Korean language skills. Looking at cat posts.

Image 1: https://bsky.app/profile/owo-erang.bsky.social/post/3lqhqx2qx622d

[koreanstudygram]

일기 오늘

2025년 6월 16일

오늘은 날씨가 너무 나빠요 외냐하면 비가 많이 왔어요.

오늘 gym* 안 가요 외냐하면 내 몸에 아파요

내가 운동일 하고싶었어 하지만 내가 lazy 되거네요*

(gym = 체육관)

( lazy = 게으른)

( i became … = -이 되다)

오늘 체육관 안 가요 외냐하면 내 몸에 아파요.

내가 운동일 하고싶었어 하지만 내가 게으른이 되다.

[koreanstudygram]

Korean Word of the Day

성격

Personality

[koreanstudygram]

Random Korean Gen-Z Slangs

1. 래전드 (raejeondeu) – Derived from the English word “legend,” this term is used to describe someone or something that is legendary or incredibly impressive. 

2. 미친 개쩐다 (michin gaejjeonda) – This phrase translates to “crazy awesome” and is used to express that something is extremely cool or amazing. 

3. 열받네 (yeolbatne) – An expression used when someone is frustrated or annoyed, equivalent to saying “I’m so irritated” or “That’s infuriating.” 

4. 구라치지마 (gurachijima) – A warning to “stop lying” or “don’t bullshit,” used when someone suspects that another person is not being truthful. 

5. 감성있네 (gamseonginne) – This phrase means “That’s emotional” or “That has a lot of feelings,” used to describe something that is touching or sentimental. 

6. 농협은행 (nonghyeop eunhaeng) – Literally translating to “Agricultural Cooperative Bank,” this term has humorously become slang for “You are so pretty,” stemming from a misunderstanding where a foreigner’s question about the bank was misinterpreted as a compliment. 

7. 새금 더 내라 (saegeum deo naera) – Originally meaning “Pay more money,” this phrase is humorously used to express jealousy, often in response to someone showing off or having something desirable. 

8. 추구미 (chugumi) – A cute way of saying “I’m cold,” often used in a playful or childish manner. 

9. 느좋 (neujot) – Short for ‘느낌 좋다,’ meaning ‘good vibes.’ You can use it to describe anything that gives you a good feeling. 

10. 코스크 (koseukeu) and 턱스크 (teokseukeu) – These terms refer to wearing a mask incorrectly: ‘코스크’ (koseukeu) describes wearing a mask below the nose, and ‘턱스크’ (teokseukeu) refers to wearing it on the chin. 

[koreanstudygram]

”-기는커녕”, ”-는구나”, ”-니/냐?”

-기는커녕, “far from ~ing / let alone,” second, -는구나, “it is really ~,” and third, -니/냐?, “is it ~?”

1. 기는커녕

This grammar is used to express the negation that if the first situation cannot happen, then the second situation, which is more uncomplicated or more straightforward, definitely cannot happen either.

You attach this grammar to verbs, adjectives, and nouns.

Verbs • Adjectives + 기는커녕

Nouns(without a final consonant) +는커녕 Nouns(with a final consonant) +은커녕

First, -기는커녕 means “instead of, let alone, never mind.”

“Far from …, let alone …,” “Not even …, much less ….” It highlights that the first, easier thing is already impossible or untrue, so the following statement—usually stronger or more extreme—goes without saying.

How to form:

Verb stem + -기는커녕 Noun + 은(는)커녕

Nuance: Very emphatic. The clause before -기는커녕 is typically negative (explicitly or implicitly) and sets up a contrast that intensifies in the second clause.

Examples

운동하기는커녕 집 밖에도 안 나가고 있어. “I don’t even go outside, let alone exercise.”

월급을 모으기는커녕 빚만 늘었어요. “Far from saving my salary, I’ve only racked up more debt.”

그 영화는 재미는커녕 지루하기만 했어. “That movie was boring—entertaining it was not.”

More Examples

Example 1 저는 공부를 잘하기는커녕 학교도 잘 안 가는데요. I am far from being able to study well, let alone go to school.

Here, 공부를 잘하다 means “to study well.” You attach -기는커녕 to the stem to make 공부를 잘하기는커녕, “far from being able to study well.”

Example 2 어제 선을 봤는데 그 사람은 멋있기는커녕 매너도 없었어. Yesterday, I went on an arranged date, but he had no manners, let alone be good-looking.

Example 3 어제는 너무 바빠서 잠은커녕 샤워도 못 했어요. I was so busy that I could not take a shower, let alone sleep.

2. 는구나

Verbs + 는구나

Adjectives + 구나

Nouns(without a final consonant) + 구나 Nouns(with a final consonant) + 이구나

[Past tense] Verbs • Adjectives + 았/었구나 Nouns + 였/이었구나

The second grammar, -는구나 means “(sub) is really ~” or “(sub) is actually ~” in a casual way of speaking. You mainly use this expression in conversations.

This grammar conveys surprise about a newly learned fact.

What it does:

Exclamatory ending used when the speaker realises something new, is surprised, or re-confirms a fact. Comparable to “Oh, so…,” “I see that…,” “Wow, …!”

For verbs, you attach -는구나 to the verb stem. For example, 가다 will be 가는구나 “you are going!” 먹다 “to eat” will be 먹는구나 “you are eating!”

For adjectives, you attach -구나 to the word stem as it is.

For nouns, you attach -(이)구나, depending on a final consonant.

The use of the past tense is the same for verbs and adjectives. It is going to be -았/었구나. For the past tense of nouns, you use -이었/였구나, depending upon a final consonant.

How to form:

Action verb stem + -는구나 (present) Past: -았/었구나  Future / guess: -겠구나 Descriptive verbs & copula (이다): stem + -구나 (no -는).

Register: Informal, plain style—used toward oneself, younger people, close friends, children. Not used toward seniors or in formal writing.

Examples

여기가 네 방이구나! “Oh, so this is your room!”

벌써 벚꽃이 피는구나. “Wow, the cherry blossoms are already blooming.”

네가 그렇게 요리를 잘 하는구나. “I didn’t realise you cooked that well!”

Example 1 희진이가 공부를 잘하는구나. 우리 아들은 공부를 잘 못 해요. Hejin can study well. My son is not good at learning.

Example 2 고양이는 참 귀엽구나. 나도 키워 보고 싶다. Cats are adorable. I want to have one as a pet, too.

Example 3 유미는 일본사람이었구나. 한국어를 너무 잘해서 한국사람인 줄 알았지. Yumi was Japanese! Her Korean was so good that I thought she was Korean.

3. 니/냐? (informal question endings)

However, there is a slight difference in nuance. Korean people tend to use ‘-니?’ when they ask with familiarity.

-냐? has a slightly blunt nuance that men usually use. In an insufficient context, it could sound like a speaker looks down on a listener. So, you need to be careful.

You can use ‘-니/냐?’ for verbs, adjectives, and nouns. In the case of verbs and adjectives, you attach -니/냐? to the word stems.

For example, 가다 “to go” will be 가니 “do you go?” 먹다 “to eat” will be 먹니? “do you eat?”

For nouns, you use -(이)니 or -(이)냐? depending on whether a noun has the final consonant or not.

Verbs • Adjectives + 니?/냐?

Nouns(without a final consonant) + 니?/냐? Nouns(with a final consonant) + 이니?/이냐?

[Past tense] Verbs + 았/었니? Verbs + 았/었냐?

The last grammar, ‘-니/냐?’ “is it ~?” conveys a query in casual conversations.

What they do:

Ask questions in plain, intimate speech.

How to form:

Verb / adjective stem + -니 or -냐 (present)/ Past: -았/었니, -았/었냐/ Future: -겠니, -겠냐

Nuance:

•-니 feels slightly softer; traditionally more common among women and in written dialogue, but widely used by all genders today. • -냐 sounds rougher or more blunt; frequently used by men, elders to juniors, or in rhetorical questions (“Who cares?”). • Neither ending is polite—use only with close friends, juniors, or in internal monologue.

Ending Sentence Translation -니 어디 가니? “Where are you going?” -니 숙제 다 했 니? “Have you finished all your homework?” -냐 왜 그렇게 늦었 냐? “Why are you so late?” (sharp tone) -냐 내가 너보다 못할 것 같으냐? “You think I’m worse than you?” (rhetorical)

Example 1 요새 한국어 공부하니? 방에 한국어 책이 있던데? Have you been studying Korean recently? You had Korean books in your room.

Example 2 이번에 새로 데뷔한 아이돌 어때? 멋있냐? How is the new idol who made his debut this time? Is he cool?

Example 3 지금 마시고 있는 게 뭐야? 콜라니? 커피니? What is it that you are drinking now? Is it coke? Or coffee?

Example 4 밥 먹었니? Did you eat something?

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