learninghangukmal

[learninghangukmal]

Fallen Cherry Blossom Petals Fill a Lake in Japan for Naturally Beautiful Scenes From Above

[learninghangukmal]

List of adjectives in ~스럽다

These are the most common I’ve found on Twitter. This list is by no means exhaustive.

사랑스럽다 : lovely 자랑스럽다 : proud 자연스럽다 : natural 실망스럽다 : disappointing 만족스럽다 satisfactory 송구스럽다 : sorry, apologectic 급작스럽다 : abrupt, sudden 존스럽다 : to be out of style 수다스럽다 : talkative 뻔뻔스럽다 : shameless 바보스럽다 : foolish, stupid 변덕스럽다 : unpredictable, fickle, temperamental 부담스럽다 : burdensome 혼란스럽다 : confusing 탐스럽다 : desirable, attractive 유감스럽다 : unfortunate 퉁명스럽다 : abrupt, brusque 조심스럽디 : careful, cautious 안쓰럽다 : to feel sorry (for) 당황스럽다 : embarrassed, disconcerted 겸연스럽다 : embarrassed, sheepish 혐오스럽다 : disgusting, detestable 후회스럽다 : regretful, remorseful 여성스럽다 : feminine, girly 남성스럽다 : masculine 무지스럽다 : ignorant, dull 의심스럽다 : doubtful, suspicious 쑥스럽다 : shy, bashful 어른스럽다 : mature, adult-like 믿음직스럽다 : reliable, worthy 존경스럽다 : admirable 감동스럽다 : touching, moving 먹음직스럽다 : appetizing 개탄스럽다 : deplorable, lamentable 감격스럽다 : impressed, touched 망령스럽다 : childish, foolish 수치스럽다 : shameful, disgraceful 공포스럽다 : frightening, scary 별스럽다 : odd 죄스럽다 : feeling guilty

[learninghangukmal]

Intermediate grammar -더라고요

-더라고요 is used to express a newly discovered fact (not smth. already known), which the speaker experienced in the past, to another person in the present. It is often used in speaking.

Since this expression refers to smth. the speaker directly saw or heard, the subject of the sentence cannot be the speaker. So the sentence cannot be in the first person!

Form

-더라고요 is used with verbs, adjectives, 있다/없다 and -이다/아니다

크다 = 크더라고요 덥다 = 덥더라고요 의사이다 = 의사더라고요 학생이다 = 학생이더라고요

Example sentences

어제 친구들하고 같이 농구를 했는데 희수 씨가 운동을 정말 잘하더라고요. = Yesteday I played basketball with some friends and (I witnessed the fact that) Heesu can play really well.

학교 앞에 새로 생긴 커피숍의 커피 맛이 꽤 괜찮더라고요. = (From direct experience, I know that) the coffee at the new coffee shop in front of the school is quite good.

한국 겨울에는 별로 춥지 않은데, 여름에는 많이 덥더라고요. = Korean winter is not that cold, but (I witnessed the fact that) summer is hot a lot.

Disclaimer: I am not a native Korean speaker and I am learning the language by myself, so if you find any mistakes please let me know.

[learninghangukmal]

‘5 a day’ Challenge Week 17

This is my last ‘5 a day’ challenge post, which was for 2017. I will still continue to post vocabulary, but it will probably be organized differently. Maybe by theme. Still not sure about that.

Nouns

무게 = weight

물건 = things

빵집 = bakery

잔돈 = small change

저울 = scales

크기 = size

경제 = economy

도장 = a stamp, a seal

동전 = a coin

무역 = trade

물가 = prices (of commodities), living cost

부자 = a rich person

신용 카드 = credit card

신청 = application

용돈 = pocket money

월급 = (monthly) salary

저금 = savings

Verbs

들다 = to cost (money)

벌다 = to earn

신청하다 = to apply

아끼다 = to use sparingly

오르다 = to increase

Adjectives

무겁다 = to be heavy

어떻다 = how about

이렇다 = like this

적다 = to be (a) few, to be (a) little

부족하다 = to be lacking, to be insufficient

중요하다 = to be important

Adverbs

모두 = all, everything

어서 = quickly

[learninghangukmal]

[learninghangukmal]

‘5 a day’ Challenge Week 16

Nouns

유행 = fashion

향수 = perfume

귀고리 = earrings

모자 = hat

목도리 = scarf

반지 = ring

손수건 = handkerchief

양말 = socks

장갑 = gloves

팔찌 = bracelet

무늬 = pattern

반팔 = short sleeves

양복 = a suit

주머니 = pocket

바르다 = to apply

Verbs

염색하다 = to dye

자르다 = to cut

찢다 = to rip, to tear

깎다 = to lower the price

만지다 = to touch

Adjectives

어울리다 = to be well-matched, to go well with

두껍다 = to be thick

화려하다 = to be splendid

가볍다 = to be light-weight

Adverbs

얼른 = quickly

옛날 = long ago

이따가 = a little later

점점 = gradually

새로 = newly

꽤 = considerably, quite

[learninghangukmal]

Happy New Year! 새해 복 많이 받으세요

Sorry that I’ve been gone for the past 2-3 weeks. I was home during the holidays and spent some quality time with family and friends. Also my computer was slowly dying on me... but I finally got new one!! So now I can work normally again. I will still post the last two vocabulary challenge posts and then think of new ideas. I wish you all a happy 2018 and that you achieve all your goals for this year! :D

[learninghangukmal]

what resources do you use to learn korean?

Hi! Recently I’ve been using the New Sogang Korean (3b) textbook and workbook, as well as the book Korean Grammar in Use (intermediate). If something is still unclear, I’ll use online resources like TTMIK or howtostudykorean. Hope that helps :)

[learninghangukmal]

[learninghangukmal]

‘5 a day’ Challenge Week 15

Nouns

과거 = past

그동안 = during that time

기간 = term, a period of time

낮 = daytime

동안 = during

때 = time

마지막 = the last

미래 = future

식후 = after a meal

어젯밤 = last night

Adjectives

밝다 = to be bright

어둡다 = to be dark

Adverbs

항상 = always

자주 = often

가끔 = sometimes

거의 안~ = hardly, barely

전혀 안~ = not at all, never

계속 = continuously

곧 = soon

금방 = soon, just a minute ago

방금 = just now, a moment ago

드디어 = finally

때때로 = once in a while, occasionally

마침 = just in time

마침내 = in the end, at last

먼저 = first

미리 = beforehand, in advance

바로 = directly, right now, immediately

벌써 = already

아까 = a short time ago

[learninghangukmal]

https://www.instagram.com/p/Bb7BT_cg1i4/

[learninghangukmal]

‘5 a day’ Challenge Week 14

Nouns

안개 = fog, mist

장마 = rainy season

천둥 = thunder

개월 = month(s)

날 = day

날짜 = a date

내년 = next year

내일 = tomorrow

년 = year

달 = month

달력 = calendar

음력 = the lunar calendar

말 = the end (of)

월말 = end of month

새해 = the new year

올해 = this year

휴일 = holiday

요일 = day of the week

이틀 = two days

일주일 = a week

주일 = a week

첫날 = the first day

평일 = weekday

Verbs

쌓이다 = to pile up

젖다 = to get wet

Adjectives

시원하다 = to be cool

쌀쌀하다 = to be chilly

Adverbs

그저께 = the day before yesterday

매일 = everyday

모레 = day after tomorrow

[learninghangukmal]

Korean Future Tenses

probable future (-(으)ㄹ 거예요)

= “will probably do/happen/be” 일본어도 배우설 거예요. I will probably learn Japanese, too. (you are considering learning Japanese)

immediate future (-(으)ㄹ게요)

=“will” use with first person reassures listener of promise or plan highly likely to happen 내일 학교에 갈게요. I will go to the school tomorrow. (you plan on attending school tomorrow)

future-presumptive base (겄)

= “would” or “is going to" use with first and second person firm intention/ commitment 이 책를 일겠어요. I am going to read this book. (announcing to a group that you are going to read the book)

Need more information? Here are some handy resources I found:

http://takelessons.com/blog/korean-grammar-future-presumptive-z11 

http://www.hannapages.com/learnkoreanfast/korean-future-tense/ 

http://gobillykorean.com/learn-korean-ep-16-future-tense/ 

[learninghangukmal]

오늘은 오랜만에 한국어 문법을 공부했어요. ^^

[learninghangukmal]

‘5 a day’ Challenge Week 13

Finally back with my regular posting schedule. I’ve been and still am quite busy but I’m trying to get my life together.

Nouns

탁구 = table tennis

감상 = appreciation

노래 = a song

공연 = a public performance

관심 = interest

그림 = a picture

낚시 = fishing

독서 = reading

수집 = collection

춤 = dance

취미 = hobby

가을 = fall, autumn

겨울 = winter

봄 = spring

여름 = summer

계절 = season

연휴 = consecutive holidays, holidays in a row

기후 = climate

눈 = snow

번개 = lightning

Verbs

부르다 = to sing

그리다 = to draw

놀다 = to play

즐기다 = to enjoy

그치다 = to stop

떨다 = to shiver

Adjectives

미끄럽다 = to be slippery

서늘하다 = to be cool and refreshing (a little bit cold)

선선하다 = to be cool and refreshing

Adverbs

훨씬 = by far, much

[learninghangukmal]

Direct quotations

Sometimes when we’re talking to someone, we need or want to reference what someone else said, or when we want to say that someone thought something. In English, we would just say “X said…” or “X thought…” or something along those lines. How would we quote someone or a thought in Korean? Let’s take a look!

There are five direct quotation endings, one for each of the four sentence types and one for 이다/아니다. If you’re familiar with 하십시오체 conjugation, you are already aware of the four sentence types because you cannot properly conjugate that high-formality form without knowing what type of sentence it is. The four sentence types are:

Declarative (statement)— 학교에 갑니다. (I go/am going to school.)

Interrogative (question)— 학교에 갑니까? (Do you go/are you going to school?)

Imperative (command)— 학교에 가십시오. (Go to school.)

Propositive (suggestion)— 학교에 갑시다. (Let’s go to school.)

Now, let’s see how we can make direct quotations with the different sentence types.

이다 / 아니다 — ~(이)라고

I’ll start with 이다 and 아니다 since they’re a bit of a special case! When they are used in the present tense, which includes their being used to make the future tense, you use ~(이)라고 to mark the quotation. ~이라고 is for when the noun it attaches to ends with a consonant, and ~라고 is used when the noun ends with a vowel. 이다 and 아니다 in the past tense are quoted using the normal declarative form.

한비 씨의 필통이라고 했어요. ([Subject] said it’s Hanbi’s pencil case.)

선생님은 이게 숙제가 아니라고 하셨어요. (The teacher said that this is not homework.)

제 이름은 스튜디어스비즈라고 합니다. (My name is StudiousBees.)

내일 갈 거라고 (것이라고) 했잖아. (I said I’ll go tomorrow.)

Note that I ended all of these sentences with the verb 하다. Direct quotes are followed by some sort of verb indicating speech, similar to how in English we might see something like, “’I’ll see you later,�� he said”. 하다 and 말하다 are perhaps the most common verbs to follow quotes with, but you can also play around with those and use more descriptive words like 외치다 (to scream/yell), 하품하다 (to sigh), and so on.

Declarative — ~(ㄴ/는)다고

The declarative direct quotation marker has three forms depending on if the verb is in past or present tense and, if it is in present tense, if it’s an action verb or a descriptive verb.

PAST TENSE — ~다고

Regardless of whether the verb is an action or descriptive verb, if it is in past tense, it will simple use ~다고.

그 가방을 어제 샀다고 해요. (She says she bought that bag yesterday.)

꽃이 정말 예뻤다고 했어요. ([Subject] said the flowers were really pretty.)

그 빌딩은 공장이었다고 알려줬어요. ([Subject] told me/let me know that that building was a factory.)

Note how the last example uses 이다, but since it’s past tense, it follows the normal declarative rule!

PRESENT TENSE (action verbs) — ~ㄴ/는다고

Action verbs in present tense declarative sentences will take ~ㄴ다고 if the verb root ends with a vowel and ~는다고 if it ends with a consonant.

커피를 별로 안 마신다고 해요. ([Subject] says they don’t really drink coffee.)

아라 씨는 매년 일본 여행 간다고 해요. (Ara says she travels to Japan once a year.)

어머니는 의사한테 아기가 잘 먹는다고 했어요. (The mother told the doctor that the baby eats well.)

PRESENT TENSE (descriptive verbs) — ~다고

Descriptive verbs are easy! Just slap ~다고 on the end of a descriptive verb root.

오로라가 예쁘다고 들었어요. (I heard that the aurora is beautiful.)

아빠는 저 차가 너무 비싸다고 불평하셨어요. (Dad complained that that car is too expensive.)

고수가 맛없다고 생각해요. (I think cilantro is disgusting.)

Interrogative — ~냐고

To quote a question, just add ~냐고 to the verb root for present tense, or add it after the past tense conjugation for past tense. Action verbs and descriptive verbs are both treated the same way!

선생님은 학생들에게 숙제를 했냐고 물어봤어요. (The teacher asked the students if they did their homework.)

친구는 몇 시에 퇴근하냐고 물어봤어요. (My friend asked, “What time do you get off work?”)

파티가 재미있었냐고 물어봤어요. ([Subject] asked if the party was fun.)

Imperative — ~(으)라고

Only present tense action verbs can be used with the imperative (command) structure. Simply add ~으라고 if the verb root ends with a consonant or ~라고 if it ends with a vowel. It looks similar to the 이다/아니다 quotation form, but since they are used in entirely different ways, you will be able to tell the difference easily.

2시에 ���라고 했어요. ([Subject] said, “Come at 2.”)

아버지는 아이에게 채소를 먹으라고 했어요. (The father told the child to eat vegetables.)

만지지 말라고요! (I said don’t touch it!)

Propositive — ~자고

Whew, almost done! Like with the imperative structure, only present tense action verbs can be used with the propositive (suggestion) structure.

규민 씨는 숙제를 같이 하자고 제안했어요. (Gyumin suggested, “Let’s do our homework together.”)

남친은 피자를 먹자고 했어요. (My boyfriend said, “Let’s eat pizza.”)

친구들에게 같이 가자고 했어요. (I said to my friends, “Let’s go together.”)

BONUS—Short forms

We can shorten all of the quotation forms up! This is done in speaking only.

이다/아니다: ~(이)라고 –> ~(이)래

한비 씨의 필통이라고 했어요. –> 한비 씨의 필통이래요.

Declarative: ~(ㄴ/는)다고 –> ~(ㄴ/는)대

꽃이 정말 예뻤다고 했어요. –> 꽃이 정말 예뻤대요.

Interrogative:  ~냐고 –> ~냬

선생님은 학생들에게 숙제를 했냐고 물어봤어요. –> 선생님은 학생들에게 숙제를 했냬요.

Imperative:  ~(으)라고 –> ~(으)래

2시에 오라고 했어요. –> 2시에 오래요.

Propositive: ~자고 –> ~재

규민 씨는 숙제를 같이 하자고 제안했어요. –> 규민 씨는 숙제를 같이 하재요.

This post got pretty long! Quotes are fairly simple to do if you can remember the forms for each of the sentence types. Using these forms in your speech will definitely help you sound more natural, and it will allow you to talk about a greater variety of things :)

Happy studying~

[learninghangukmal]

‘5 a day’ Challenge Week 12

Nouns

예약 = reservation

왕복 = round trip

외국 = a foreign country

지도 = a map

짐 = luggage

추억 = memory

출발 = departure

표 = ticket

풍경 = scenery, landscape

해외 = overseas, abroad

경기 = a match, a game

공 = a ball

농구 = basketball

배구 = volleyball

야구 = baseball

축구 = soccer

대회 = competition, tournament

등산 = mountain climbing, hiking

선수 = an athlete, player

수영복 = swimsuit

수영장 = swimming pool

참가 = participation

Verbs

확인하다 = to confirm

달리다 = to run

뛰다 = to run

응원하다 = cheering, root for

이기다 = to win

치다 = to play, to hit

Adjectives

유명하다 = to be famous

Adverbs

특히 = especially