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Brain training can turn unhappy minds into happy ones.

Neuroscience research demonstrates humans are hardwired to register and remember click here to learn more negative events more quickly and deeply than positive ones.

When thinking about your life, or simply the events of the past week, do you remember the happy or unhappy moments most vividly? Don't be distressed if the bad experiences trump the good ones because everyone is hardwired to focus on the negative. It's a phenomenon known as "negativity bias" and it serves a good purpose.

Rick Hanson is a neuropsychologist whose latest book Hardwiring Happiness: The New Brain Science of Contentment, Calm, and Confidence, describes the concept of neuroplasticity -- specifically that the brain's physical shape is changed under the influence of external events. A happy brain is shaped differently than an unhappy one and through training exercises; an unhappy brain can be molded to look like a happy one.

Hanson explains that the human brain is hardwired to latch onto unhappy and upsetting events creating a population explosion of unhappily shaped brains. Contrary to popular belief, the brain isn't an organ for objectively studying reality. Rather, the brain is a tool that evolved to anticipate and overcome dangers, protect us from pain, and solve problems. As a result, dangers, pains and problems are the events that capture the brain's attention.

The human nervous system, Hanson writes:

"...scans for, reacts to, stores, and recalls negative information about oneself and one's world. The brain is like Velcro for negative experiences and Teflon for positive ones. The natural result is a growing - and unfair - residue of emotional pain, pessimism, and numbing inhibition in implicit memory."

Implicit vs. Explicit Memory

Implicit memory is a powerful force in the human psyche. Psychologists make distinctions between two types of memory: implicit and explicit. Explicit memory empowers us to do things like remember the names of our friends or where we parked the car. On the other hand, implicit aka emotional memories are formed unconsciously. These memories originate in the reptilian brain structures and are viscerally rather than logically initiated. They account for one's sense of self and color the inner atmosphere of the mind.

Are we depressed or happy?

These memories govern our sense of being as well as our deepest assumptions and expectations about the world. The amygdala is the center of the reptilian brain and it acts as the switchboard in implicit memory assigning the feeling tone to stimuli and dictating a response. It's neurologically primed to label experiences as frightening and threatening.

Once the amygdala flags an episode as negative, it immediately stores the event and compares it to the record of old painful experiences. If a pattern match is found, a series of chemical reactions signals alarm. Negative occurrences are prioritized precisely and purposefully to protect us from harm.