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COVID-19 What you Should Know.

By: Emmanuel Arroyo, LAc 3 March 2020 8:22 PM EST

Queens, New York

What is a Coronavirus?

Coronavirus, discovered in 1960,[1] is a positive-sense RNA virus that mainly targets the upper respiratory tract except for SARS which causes upper and lower tract infections and gastroenteritis. A positive-sense RNA is also known as positive-strand RNA virus[2]. The name is given due to its single strand of RNA while positive refers to genetic information carried for replication. Coronavirus causes the common cold, except for SARS and MERS, and now COVID-19.

Coronavirus (CoV) belong to the order of Nidovirales, which includes Coronaviridae, Arteriviridae, and Roniviridae families. CoV is divided into two subfamilies, CoV and the second subfamily Torovirinae. CoV has a cap (let’s call it head) which carries all the information needed for replication, while the tail has all the information related with structure and functions. The tail contains four important structures, S (spike), M (membrane), E (envelope), and N (nucleocapsid) proteins. The S structure is the one that attaches to the host cell receptors. The M structure gives the shape/form. The E structure is important for assembly and release of the virus; some virus need the M structure for pathogenesis. Structure N facilitates binding and affinity to viral or non-viral RNA. Both N and M work synergistically and facilitate replication and diffusion of the virus in the host.[3]

For binding, CoV mainly uses aminopeptidase as receptors except SARS and NL63 that use angiotensin-converting enzyme and MERS uses dipeptidyl-peptidase-4.

The Wuhan-coronavirus is new and is identified as 2019-nCoV, also known as COVID-19. COVID-19 stands for COronaVIrus Disease and is the full blown manifestation of SARS-COV2. SARS-CoV2 is a mutated coronavirus where the S structure attaches to Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) and it contains two subunits attaching to furin which makes it similar to Ebola, HIV, and avian influenza virus.[4] Furin is a protease found inside a cell and is known as Proprotein Convertase (PC) which develops the synthesis of prohormones, neurotrophic factors, serum proteins, regulation of hair, teeth, sweat glands, embryogenesis, calcium, pH, and interesting enough it also determines how virulent or infectious a bacteria or virus will be. It determines cancer aggressiveness and creates amyloid which are a key of Alzheimer’s.[5] Furin also regulates Insulin Growth Factor in upper respiratory tract and colon.

SARS-CoV2 Spike structure is genetically similar to the Spike structure to a Guangdong pangolin, while its genetic sequence is similar to a bat betacoronavirus of the genus sarbecovirus and is namedRaTG13. SARS-CoV2 has an ancestor which has been labeled Type-S. This ancestor is less aggressive and propagates slower. The aggressive SARS-CoV2 is dubbed Type-L and it is unknown if the Type-S mutation to Type-L occurred in the animal or in the human.

How many human coronaviruses are known?[6],[7]

In the past CoV was classified according to the immune reaction, hence the Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Gamma nomenclature.

There are seven known human coronaviruses:

1. Alpha coronavirus:

a. 229E (1960) – causes common cold

b. NL63 (2004) – causes croup hence it targets kids. Similar genome to 229E. Uses angiotensin converting enzyme. Is a recombination of PEDV. Hast two variants.

2. Beta coronavirus:

a. OC43 (1960) – causes common cold. It is believed it evolved from bovine CoV.

b. HKU1(2005)

c. SARS-CoV (2003) uses angiotensin converting enzyme 2.

d. MERS-CoV (2012)

3. SARS-COV2 - uses Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2, the Spike structure has subunits attaching to furin.

There is no vaccine for any, the only vaccine created was for SARS and it was an attenuated virus.

China has been using a drug produced in Cuba known as Alpha Interferon which intention was for HIV, Human Papilloma Virus, Hepatitis B and C, and some cancers. This medication has been used successfully and China claims that it has cured 1,500 cases as of February.[8] China uses Kaletra or Aluvia (liponavir and ritonavir) with Rivabirin which are medications for HIV and Hepatitis. The use of HIV meds and Tamiflu is another cocktail in use. The medication for malaria, Cloquonine, is also used for COVID-19. Another medication added to the cocktail is Thymosin, a medication that assists in the maturation of T-cells.

Do Animals get Coronavirus?

Yes, animals do get infected with coronavirus, but it is difficult for getting infected with HUMAN coronaviruses. Some of the coronaviruses in animal are the following:

· Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PDEV)

· Porcine Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV)

· Porcine Haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV)

· Feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV)

· Canine coronavirus

· Mouse hepatitis virus (MHV)

· Bovine coronavirus

· Bat SARS

· AvianCoV

Which Disinfecting Wipes?[9]

· Lysol claims it product kills[10]

o Virus: Herpes simplex virus type 1, Human coronavirus, influenza A virus

o Bacteria: Streptococcus pyogenes (Strep), Staplylococcus aureus (Staph), Escherichia coli O157: H7 (E. coli), Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Salmonella enterica (Salmonella)

· Clorox Healthcare®Bleach Germicidal Disinfectants and Clorox Healthcare® Bleach Germicidal Wipes[11]

o Virus: Adenovirus Type 2, Avian influenza A, Canine parvovirus, Enterovirus D68, Feline Panleukopenia, Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Herpes simplex type 2, Human coronavirus, Human immunodeficiency virus type 1, Influenza A, Influenza B, Measles, MERS-CoV, Norovirus, Poliovirus type 1, Respiratory syncytial (RSV), Rhinovirus, Rotavirus, SARS-CoV.

It is important to point that CoV killed by Clorox are SARS, MERS and that H-CoV mentioned by Lysol® and Clorox®are the ones that cause common cold. [12]

China and SARS, A Lesson on How to Treat

When SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) hit China the treatment response was multifactorial; China used an integrated approach of Chinese medicine and Western medicine. This integrated approach consisted on nutritional support, Chinese herbal medicine, and a regime of oxygen supplementation, corticosteroids (methylprednisolone), antibiotics (azithromycin, cefotaxime, amoxycillin-clavulanic acid, ciprofloxacin, demethylvancomycin), immunoglobulin, and thymosin. The medications used were according to severity and symptomatology. From the western approach we can determine that healthy eating habits are important. The use of antibacterial, corticosteroids, and thymosin is evidence that herbal, vitamins, mineral, and amino acid supplementation with antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, immunomodulatory properties are paramount as prophylactic measures.

From a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) perspective SARS was diagnosed as Wen Yi Bing or Warm Pestilential Disease.[13] The differential diagnosis used was Four Divisions (Wei-Qi, Ying-Qi, Xue, Yuan) and the Triple Heater or San Jiao. The aim of the Chinese herbal formulas was to expel pathogen, clear heat, and dissolve dampness therefore the herbal formulas used back in 2003 for SARS were the following:

· San Ren Tang (Three-Nut decoction) + Shen Jiang San (Ascending-Descending Powder)

o Ingredients: Xing Ren (Semen Pruni Armeniacae), Bai Dou Kou (Fructus Cardamomi Rotundi), Sheng Yi Yi Ren (Semen Coicis), Hua Shi (Talcum), Tong Cao (Medulla Tetrapanacis Papyriferi), Zhu Ye, (Herba Lophateri Gracilis), Hou Po Hua (Flos Magnolia Officinalis), Fa Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae), Jiang Can (Bombyx Batricatus), Chan Yi or Chan Tui (Periostracum Cicadae), Pian Jiang Huang (Rhizoma Curcuma Longae), Cang Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis), Huang Qin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis).

· Yin Qiao San (Honeysuckle and Forsythia Powder) + Ma Xing Shi Gan Tang (Ephedra, Apricot Kernel, Gypsum, and Licorice Decoction) + Sheng Jiang San (Ascending-Descending Powder).

o Ingredients: Sheng Ma Huang (Herba Ephedrae), Xing Ren (Semen Pruni Armeniacae), Sheng Shi Gao (Gypsum), Zhi Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparatae) Jiang Can (Bombyx Batrycarius), Chan Yi or Chan Tui (Periostracum Cicadae), Bo He (Herba Menthae), Lian Qiao (Fructus Forsythiae Suspensae), Jin Yin Hua (Flos Lonicerae), Huang Qin (Radix Scutellariae Baicallensis), Lu Gen (Rhizoma Phragmitis Communis) Shen yi Yi Ren (Semen Coicis), Pain Jiang Huang (Rhizoma Curcumae Longae).

· Gan Lu Xiao Du Dan (Sweet Dew Special Pill to Eliminate Toxin)

o Ingredients: Sheng Shi Gao (Gypsum), Xing Ren (Semen Prunus Armeniacae), Hua Shi (Talcum), Huang Qin (Radix Scutellariae Baicallensis), Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri), Yin Chen Hao (Herba Atemisae Capillaris), Shi Chang Pu (Rhizima Acori Graminei), Fa Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae), Hu Zhang (Radix et Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati), Bai Dou Kou (Frucuts Cardamomi Rotundi), Jiang Can (Bombyx Batricatus), Chan Yi or Chan Tui (Periostracum Cicadae), Cang Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis), Jiang Huang (Rhizoma Curcuma Longae).

· Hao Qin Qing Dan Tang (Artemisia Annua and Scutellaria Decoction to Clear Gallbladder)

o Ingredients: Qing Hao (Herba Artemisiae Apiaceae), Zhu Ye (Herba Lophateri Gracilis), Fa Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinealliae Ternatae), Chi Fu Ling (Sclerotium Poriae Cocos Rubrae), Huang Qin (Radix Scutellaria Baicalensis), Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae), Xing Ren (Semen Pruni Armeniacae), Sheng yi Yi ren (Semen Coicis), Hua Shi (Talcum), Qing Dai (Indigo Pulverata Levis), Cang Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis), Yu Jin (Tuber Curcumae).

· Wu Hu Tang (Five Tiger Decoction) + Ting Li Da Zao Xie Fei Tang (Descurainia and Jujuba Decoction to Drain the Lungs) + Lian Po Yin (Coptis and Magnolia Bark Decoction)

o Ingredients: Zhi Ma huang (Herba Ephedrae), Sheng Shi Gao (Gypsum), Xing Ren (Semen Pruni Armeniacae), Zhi Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparatae), Lu Cha (Folium Thea Sinensis), Ting Li Zi (Semen Tinglizi), Chuan Lian Zi (Fructus Meliae Toosendan), Hou Po or Chuan Po (Cortex Magnolia Officinalis), Zhi Shi (Fructus Aurantii Immaturus), Shan Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardenia Jasminoidis), Dan Dou Chi (Semen Sojae Praeparatum), Shi Chang Pu (Rhizoma Acori Graminei), Lu Gen (Rhizoma Phragmitis Communis), Fa Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pineallia Ternatae), Jie Geng (Radix Platycodonis).

· Qing Ying Tang (Clear the Nutritive level Decoction) + Sheng Mai Yin (Generate the Pulse Decoction)

o Ingredients: Shui Niu Jiao (Cornu Bubali), Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae), Xuan Shen (Radix Scrophulariae Ningpoensis), Jin Yin Hua (Flos Lonicerae Japonica), Xi Yang Shen (Radix Panacis Quinquifolii), Mai Men Dong (Tuber Ophiopogonis Japonici), Shan Yu Rou (Fructus Corni Officinalis)

It is important to remind the aforementioned formulas are used according to pattern discrimination, but a quick analysis of the herbs used will show some herbs or classification of herbs are used frequently in all the formulas. They are herbs that clear heat, drain dampness, transform phlegm, and regulate Lung Qi. The most used herbs in these formulas are Huang Qin, Pian Jiang Huang, Bai Dou Kou, Jin Yin Hua, Lu Gen, Ban Lan Gen, Fa Ban Xia, Chan yi or Chan Tui, Yi Yi Ren, Xing Ren, Shi Gao, and Hua Shi. Once heat passes to the Ying or Xue level damage to Qi and Yin has taken place manifesting as diarrhea, headaches, and/or shaking/tremors. From a six-division perspective Tai Yin, Yang Ming, Jue Yin damage has taken place once the pathogen surpasses the Tai Yang level. The SARS is a Phlegm-Heat pathogen that causes shortness of breath, fatigue, and can cause delirium, collapse or fainting, and bleeding which are quite like the presentation of COVID-19. This experience provides us with a diagnosis of a Wen Bing Phlegm-Damp-Heat pathogen for COVID-19.

CoVid-2019 Signs and Symptoms[14]

Some of the signs and symptoms reported are:

Flu like presentation:

· Runny nose

· Nasal congestion

· Low grade fever

· Body aches

Pneumonia presentation:

· Shortness of breath

· Chest tightness

· Wheezing

· Cough

· Fatigue

· High fever

· Dry mouth

· Bitter taste

Signs and Symptoms, Chinese Medicine and CoVid-19

In China, COVID-19 is diagnosed as phlegm-damp heat pestilential qi. The tongue has a thick yellow fur and a red and wet body. The signs and symptoms are runny nose, sneezing, sore throat, fever, and difficulty breathing leading, wheezing, chest tightness, fatigue, dry mouth, bitter taste, and diarrhea.[15],[16],[17] The main feature is difficulty breathing and x-ray or CT-Scan showing bilateral lung ‘infiltrates' or 'ground-glass opacities.' These opacities are pockets filled with thick mucus which prevents breathing. It takes 2 to 14 days to show any sign and symptoms, but it has been reported cases were takes longer to show any sign and symptoms. COVID-19 starts as common cold, then switches to flu like symptoms and then pneumonia. It is calculated that 2 people can infect 2.5 people a day, the infection increase rate is 53% per day.[18] The mortality rate is low but has a high infection rate. In the Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine COVID-19 has been divided into 4 Stages: Prevention (this stage is common cold), Influenza, Pneumonia, and Recovery Stage. Each Stage has a set of herbal formulas and pattern discrimination. Below I have summarized their recommendations, for detail information please read How COVID-19 (2019-nCoV) is Currently Treated in China with TCM by John K Chen.

· Prevention Stage: Diagnosis is damp cold in the Lung and the recommended formula is a modified Yu Pi Feng San.

· Influenza Stage: The diagnosis is Exterior Wind-Cold invasion, Toxic heat invading the Lung, or Damp Cold in the Lung, The formulas recommended are Ge Gen Tang (Kudzu Decoction), Chai Ge Jie Ji Tang (Bupleurum and Kudzu Decoction), Huo Xiang Zhen Qi San, Yin Qiao San (Honey Suckle and Forsythia Powder), Qing Wei Bai Du San (Clear Epidemics and Overcome Pathogenic Influences Powder).

· Pneumonia Stage: Is diagnosed as Shao Yang Syndrome with Damp, Damp-Heat Distressing the Lung, Toxic Stagnation Hampering the Lung or Hot Type Closed Disorder with Devastated Yang. The formulas recommended are Xiao Chai Hu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction), San Ren Tang (Three-Nut Decoction), Gan Lu Xiao Du Dan (Sweet Dew Special Pill to Eliminate Toxins), Ma Xing Yi Gan Tang (Ephedra, Apricot Kernel, Coicis, and Licorice Decoction), Xiao Xian Xiong Tang (Minor Sinking into the Chest Decoction), Cao Guo Zhi Mu Tang (Tsaoko and Anemarrhena Decoction), Bai Hu Jia Ren Shen Tang (White Tiger plus Ginseng Decoction), Si Tu Tang (Four Wild Decoction), Si Ni Jia Ren Shen Tang (Frigid Extremities Decoction Plus Ginseng), An Gong Niu Huang Wan (Calm the Palace Pill with Cattle Gallstone), Zi Xue San (Purple Snow Powder).

· Recovery Stage: Qi and Yin Deficiency with closed collaterals. Recommended formula is Sha Shen Mai Dong Tang (Glehnia and Ophiopogonis Decoction).

The herbs that were used the most were Huang Qin, Huang Lian, Ma Huang, Bai Zhu, Bai Dou Kou, Jin Yin Hua, Chen Pi, Fa Ban Xia, Yi Yi Ren, Xing Ren, Gua Lou, Sheng Jiang, Dan Zhu Ye, and Zhi Mu. An analysis of these herbs shows Heat-Pathogen invading the Lung and damaging fluids causing phlegm, chest tightness and shortness of breath which in normal parlance is pneumonia. The heat damages the Spleen which generate dampness and disturbs digestion; during this stage the pathogen causes what we know as enteritis leading to diarrhea. As the Heat-Pathogen advances, the person collapses. Is during this state that the person has entered the Jue Yin level, has damaged Shao Yin and a diagnosis of Closed Heat-Type Collapse with Devastated Yang is given or as John Chen calls it Closed Interior and Abandoned Exterior. Heat shuts the orifices (consciousness) and enters the Pericardium/Heart. The formulas have the purpose of eliminating the pathogen. Plants bioactive compounds are their antigen, their immune system developed to fight pests and it is theses bioactive compounds that have healing properties.

Herbs that are effective against the CoV are rich in triterpene glycosides such as saikosaponins A, B2,C, and D or phenolic compounds. The herbs are the followings:[19],[20]

· Radix Bupleurum (Chai hu) – early stage infection of 229E

· Radix Scrophularia (Xuan shen) -early stage infection of 229E

· Lycoris Radiata (Shi Suan) – SARS

· Herba Artemisia annua (Huang hua hao or Qing hao) - SARS

· Folium Pyrrosia lingua (Shi wei) – SARS

· Radix Lindera aggregata (Wu yao) – SARS

· Isatidis indigotica (Ban lan gen, Cao da qing, Ma lan) – SARS

· Torreya nucifera or Semen Torreyae (Fei zi) – SARS

· Radix Dioscorea spp – SARS

As precaution you might use Gan mao ling and Yu Ping Feng San. The ingredients in Gan mao ling are gang mei geng or wan dian jin (Radix Iicis asprellae), wu zhu he (Folium Evodia), shan pu he or wu zhi gan (Folium viticis) ban lan gen (Radix Isatidis), ju hua (Flos Chrysanthemum), jin Yinn hua (Flos Lonicerae), and bo he (Herba Mentha). This formula clears heat, toxins, and opens the chest. Ban lan gen and jin Yinn hua have immunomodulatory properties.[21]

As reported by R. K. Ganjhu et al:

Also, if we glance through the different plant preparations reported in this review, we will notice that most of them represent extracts made of more than one plant species. That draws our attention to the uniqueness of each plant species and their constituents, which together with other plants make a formulation effective in treating a plethora of viral infections. An in-depth analysis of such formulations along with a bio-activity guided isolation of active components shall deﬁnitely give a better idea about the active principles responsible for a varied antiviral action. Research in this direction is in progress as collated from different papers. There are ample reports revealing immunomodulatory properties of many plant extracts mediated through induction and release of pro-inﬂammatory cytokines, IL-6 and IL-12. IL-12, produced by activated monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells, stimulate cell-mediated immunity to release IFN-c, promote Th-1 responses, and enhance CD8 + cytotoxic T cell activity, thereby playing a pivotal role in controlling viral replication. There also exist evidence on IL-6 production by macrophages in response to virus infections, in addition to reports justifying its role in clearing viral infection from the physiological system.[22]

I would like to quote John Chen:

From the Western Han Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty, at least 321 large-scale plagues occurred in China. Chinese medicine has served to wage life-and-death battles against various plague consistently through time and has successfully contained the spread of epidemics in a limited area and time. There has never been a similar tragedy in China’s history, such as the Spanish flu or the Black Death in Europe. These are examples of global plagues that killed tens of millions of people.

In the Chinese history, whenever a plague is rampant, Chinese medicine practitioners are always on the front lines to battle the disease. Many survived with the help of Chinese Medicine; so in this fight with the insidious and novel Coronavirus, Chinese Medicine once again should take a primary role in effective treatment and must not be absent in action!

Essential Oils and Viruses

Hinokitiol is an essential oil of from the wood of Cupressacea trees. This oil, when it enters in contact with zinc it elicits the interchange of zinc ions and stops viral replication, in this instance SARS-CoV, and inhibits lung cancer cell growth.[23] Cupressacea trees refers to Cypress, it has 30 genera and 133 varieties.[24] It includes the following trees: Fitzroya, Pilgerodendron spp, Arbovitae spp, Austrocedrus, Cupressus spp, Callitris, Widdringtonian spp,Tetraclinis, Thujopsis, Chamaecyparis spp, Calocedrus, Juniperus spp, Athrotaxis, Cryptomeria, Cunninghamia, Sequoiadendrum, Sequoia, Metasequoia, Taxodium.

Essential oils with antiviral or antiseptic or immunomodulatory properties according to Schnaubelt, PhD are:[25]

· Cinnamon (Cinnamomum ceylanicum) – antiseptic. From a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) perspective is warms Kidney yang (bark) and regulates the coronary arteries. Rou gui and Gui zhi are the Pin Yin for cinnamon in Chinese medicine.

· Clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) – antiseptic, “broad spectrum of action against bacteria; antiviral, strengthening.” (sic)

· Eucalyptus radiata – expectorant, antiviral. In TCM terms it strengthens Lung qi, opens the chest and transforms phlegm.

· Eucalyptus globulus and polybractea – expectorant. From a TCM perspective it tonifies Lung-Tai Yin Qi, regulates qi in the chest, and transforms phlegm.

· Frankincense (Boswellia carteri) – anti-asthmatic, strengthens the immune system. For Chinese medicine savvy readers Frankincense expands the chest and boost Wei-qi or Defensive qi.

· Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis var decumbens) – strong antiviral effects and antiasthmatic. In TCM terms hyssop tonifies Lung-Tai Yin Qi and Wei-Qi therefore it treats shortness of breath, fatigue, and boost immune system.

· Laurel (Laurus nobilis) – is anti-infective (sic), it enhances the qualities of the other antiviral and antibacterial oils. In TCM, it is said that laurel moves qi and transforms phlegm.

· Myrrh (Commiphora molmol) – antiviral, anti-inflammatory (sic). TCM view on myrrh is that it strengthens the Spleen-Tai Yin meridian and drains dampness.

· Palmarosa (Cymbopogon martini) – effective against bacterial and viral illnesses of throat and lungs (sic). In Chinese medicine parlance it nourishes Yin and clears heat.

· Ravensare (Ravensare aromatica) – expectorant and antiviral (sic).

· Tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) – anti-infective agent with very broad spectrum of action (sic). It tonifies Lung qi and Wei-Qi therefore boosting the immune system functions and treating fatigue, or lethargy.

· Vetiver (Vetiveria zizanoides) – strengthens a weakened immune system. In TCM words, vetiver nourishes Yin and clears heat.

Note: previous essential oils information are direct quotes from Schnaubelt, PhD.

An excellent way of prevention is diffusing essential oil of Eucalyptus radiata, E. globulus, E. citriodora, Laurel, Tea tree, Hyssop, and Palmarosa.[26] A synergy of Eucalyptus spp, Tea tree, Laurel, Hyssop, and Palmarosa with Jojoba oil as a carrier and applied to acupuncture points Lung 1, Lung 5, and Lung 9 (See Diag 1, Diag 2 and Diag 3).

You can make your own synergy. You need the essential oils previously mentioned (7 in total), a 10 ml bottle and jojoba oil. The synergy’s dilution would be 10%. The ratio depends on how you want to do the blend but keep in mind that 1 ml is approximately 20 drops hence 10 ml bottle fits 200 drops and a 10% dilution yields a total of 20 drops. These 20 drops must be divided between Eucalyptus spp, Laurel, Tea tree, Palmarosa, and Hyssop. In theory, you can pour 2 to 3 drops of each essential oil.

Where you can obtain your essential oils? I get my oils from one of these 3 sources: Ananda Apothecary in Colorado, Enfleurage 237 West 13th Street New York, NY, and New York Institute of Aromatherapy in New York City at 530 E 13th Street, New York, NY 10009. Another good source of essential oils is Floracopeia. All are reliable sources who are committed to quality.

Diag 1 Lung 1

Diag 2 Lung 5 on elbow’s crease lateral to bicep tendon.

Diag 3 Lung 9

Supplements and The Immune System

Supplements can assist regulating, harmonizing, and boosting the immune system. My favorite combination is taking a multivitamin and mineral, adding an extra dose of 25 mg of zinc, selenium, and manganese while adding 1,500 mg of L-Carnitine. L-Carnitine is converted to L-Acetylcarnitine[27],[28],[29] which has immunomodulator, sedative, and analgesic effects. It regulates dopamine, serotonin, and GABA and has an affinity for the hippocampus and hypothalamus. Zinc, selenium, and manganese are the minerals needed to produce super oxidase dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, two antioxidants produced by the human; L-Glutamine[30], an amino acid, is involved in the production of glutathione peroxidase as well.

When zinc ions[31] enter in contact with other substances such as hinokitiol, Pyrrolidine DioThioCarbamate (PDTC),[32] and zinc pyrithione (PT) it exerts a dynamic response which promotes antioxidant, anticancer, and antiviral response.

DPTC[33] is a metal chelating agent that passes through the blood brain barrier and stimulates astrocytes, regulates production of glutathione, increases copper at a cellular level, and regulates nitric oxide synthetase. DPTC targets the hippocampus as well. DPTC has been shown to reduce effects of Alzheimer and stop viral replication of SARS-CoV. PT is zinc pyrithhione and has been noticed that in combination with zinc2+, hinokitiol, and PDTC it inhibits replication of SARS-CoV. It can be assumed that a regime involving vitamin/mineral supplementation, a good diet and hygiene, plenty of rest, and use of essential oils can be our best allies in staying healthy.

Nature’s Sunshine® offers an ample selection on supplements to support lung functions, regulate the immune system and fight viruses. My recommendation as a prophylactic measure is ALJ® and Enviro-Detox®. ALJ® enhances lung functions, cleanses the lung, and aids with allergies while Enviro-Detox® has antiviral properties.

Precautionary Approaches

Wash your hands thoroughly. Hand washing dislodges any bacteria, virus or any other pathogen from our hands. If you use Lysol or Clorox wipes you can add ethanol to them. Ethanol and HCL have shown strong antiviral activity. Avoid shaking hands, cover your mouth when sneezing. Stay home if you are sick. Drink ginger tea[34], studies show that ginger tea has anti-inflammatory properties and reduces inflammation markers including Nuclear Factor. Fresh ginger enhances catalase, superoxidase dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase.[35] Ginger treats even common cold.[36] Last, always gargle.

Biography:

Emmanuel Arroyo is a Licensed Acupuncturist in the State of NY, Certified in Iridology and Aromatherapy. Has a Master degree in Oriental Medicine and is Member of NCCAOM and ASNY.

If you are interested in having an essential oil synergy with antiviral and antibacterial properties or need a immune booster acupuncture treatment you can reach me at:

[email protected]

www.arroyosacupuncture.com

References:

[1] Division of Disease Surveillance. Maine Center for Disease Control & Prevention. Accessed 28 January 2020. https://www.maine.gov/dhhs/mecdc/infectious-disease/epi/airborne/coronavirus.shtml

[2] Shiel, William C, MD, FACP, FACR. Medical Definition of Positive-strand RNA virus. Accessed 28 January 2020. https://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=22952

[3] Fehr, Anthony R, Perlman, Stanley. Coronaviruses: An Overview of Their Replication and Pathogenesis. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1282:1-23. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4369385/

[4] Karlis, Nicole. Why COVID-19 is more insidious than other coronaviruses. Salon. February 28, 2020 12:35 AM (UTC) Accessed March 3, 2020. https://www.salon.com/2020/02/27/why-covid-19-is-more-insidious-than-other-coronaviruses/

[5] Thomas, Gary. Furin At The Cutting Edge: From Protein Traffic to Embryogenisis And Disease. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol.2002 Oct; 3(10):753-766.

[6] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed 28 January 2010. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/types.html

[7] Coronavirus. Wikipedia. Accessed 28 January 2020. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus

[8] Interfero de Cuba Cura Coronavirus. 2 March 2020, accessed March 3, 2020. http://espanol.almayadeen.net/news/politics/1383512/interferón-de-cuba-cura-coronavirus?fbclid=IwAR2jTX-e17__mC4OAoULX4cxjKipG6xFN4jytWKU-YHDhCHUs3RCYB3Jq_I

[9] https://prudentreviews.com/clorox-vs-lysol/

[10] Lysol https://www.lysol.com/products/disinfecting-wipes/lysol-disinfecting-wipes-crisp-linen/

[11] Clorox Healthcare®Bleach Germicidal https://www.cloroxpro.com/products/clorox-healthcare/bleach-germicidal-disinfectants/?msclkid=a9f5e73eb84d1e1935abb90e42b76ef2&gclid=CNCi0pTup-cCFUPrswod6fIAlw&gclsrc=ds

[12] Virus and Bacteria that Clorox kills http://www.apex-reps.com/assets/site/uploads/cIoZUYBLIG.pdf

[13] Lin Lin, De-ping He, Yun Han, Ju-yin Xu, Zhi-xiu Lin. Treating Severe Acute Respiratory Sydrome with Integrated Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine – A Report on 103 Hospitalised Cases at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Universit of Chinese Medicine, China. Journal of Chinese Medicine Number 72 June 2003.

[14] Harvard Health Publishing. Harvard Medical School. Coronavirus Resource Center. Accessed March 3, 2020. https://www.health.harvard.edu/diseases-and-conditions/coronavirus-resource-center

[15] https://www.health.govt.nz/our-work/diseases-and-conditions/novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov accessed 29 January 2020

[16] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed 28 January 2020. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/symptoms.html

[17] World health Organization. Accessed 28 January 2020. https://www.who.int/ith/2020-24-01-outbreak-of-Pneumonia-caused-by-new-coronavirus/en/

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https://news.sky.com/story/coronavirus-what-x-rays-and-ct-scans-reveal-about-how-covid-19-kills-11955988

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