Tumgik
#2 February 1913
rabbitcruiser · 1 year
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Grand Central Terminal was opened in New York City on February 2, 1913.  
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dailykafka · 1 year
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therealtruthalways · 16 days
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United States Patent and Trademark Office​
0462795 – July 16, 1891 – Method Of Producing Rain-Fall
803180 – October 31, 1905 – Means for Producing High Potential Electrical Discharges
1103490 – August 6, 1913 – Rain-Maker
1225521 – September 4, 1915 – Protecting From Poisonous Gas In Warfare
1279823 – September 24, 1918 – Process and Apparatus for Causing Precipitation by Coalescence of Aqueous Particles Contained in the Atmosphere
1284982 – November 19, 1918 – Process and Apparatus for Procuring and Stimulating Rainfall
1338343 – April 27, 1920 – Process And Apparatus For The Production of Intense Artificial Clouds, Fogs, or Mists
1358084 – November 9, 1920 – Method of Producing Fog-Screens
1619183 – March 1, 1927 – Process of Producing Smoke Clouds From Moving Aircraft
1665267 – April 10, 1928 – Process of Producing Artificial Fogs
1892132 – December 27, 1932 – Atomizing Attachment For Airplane Engine Exhausts
1895765 – January 31, 1933 – Artificial Production of Fog
1928963 – October 3, 1933 – Electrical System And Method
1957075 – May 1, 1934 – Airplane Spray Equipment
1993316 – March 5, 1935 – Apparatus for and Method of Producing Oil Fog
2052626 – September 1, 1936 – Method of Dispelling Fog
2097581 – November 2, 1937 – Electric Stream Generator – Referenced in 3990987
2173756 – September 19, 1939 – Process of Producing Fog or Mist by Partial and Flameless Combustion
2352677 – July 4, 1944 – Artificial Fog Production
2476171 – July 18, 1945 – Smoke Screen Generator
2409201 – October 15, 1946 – Smoke Producing Mixture
2480967 – September 6, 1949 – Aerial Discharge Device
2527230 – October 24, 1950 – Method of Crystal Formation and Precipitation
2527231 – October 24, 1950 – Method of Generating Silver Iodide Smoke
2550324 – April 24, 1951 – Process For Controlling Weather
2582678 – June 15, 1952 – Material Disseminating Apparatus For Airplanes
2611992 – September 30, 1952 – Engine Exhaust Operated Fluent Material Distributor
2614083 – October 14, 1952 – Metal Chloride Screening Smoke Mixture
2633455 – March 31, 1953 – Smoke Generator
2688069 – August 31, 1954 – Steam Generator – Referenced in 3990987
2721495 – October 25, 1955 – Method And Apparatus For Detecting Minute Crystal Forming Particles Suspended in a Gaseous Atmosphere
2730402 – January 10, 1956 – Controllable Dispersal Device
2903188 – April 2, 1956 – Control of Tropical Cyclone Formation
2756097 – July 24, 1956 – Process for Weather Control
2801322 – July 30, 1957 – Decomposition Chamber for Monopropellant Fuel – Referenced in 3990987
2835530 – May 20, 1958 – Process for the Condensation of Atmospheric Humidity and Dissolution of Fog
2871344 – January 27, 1959 – Long Distance Communication System
2881335 – April 7, 1959 – Generation of Electrical Fields
2908442 – October 13, 1959 – Method For Dispersing Natural Atmospheric Fogs And Clouds
2962450 – November 29, 1960 – Fog Dispelling Composition
2963975 – December 13, 1960 – Cloud Seeding Carbon Dioxide Bullet
3019989 – February 6, 1962 – Atmospheric Space Charge Modification
2986360 – May 30, 1962 – Aerial Insecticide Dusting Device
3046168 – July 24, 1962 – Chemically Produced Colored Smokes
3056556 – October 2, 1962 – Method of Artificially Influencing the Weather
3126155 – March 24, 1964 – Silver Iodide Cloud Seeding Generator
3127107 – March 31, 1964 – Generation of Ice-Nucleating Crystals
3131131 – April 28, 1964 – Electrostatic Mixing in Microbial Conversions
3140207 – July 7, 1964 – Pyrotechnic Composition
3174150 – March 16, 1965 – Self-Focusing Antenna System
3234357 – February 8, 1966 – Electrically Heated Smoke Producing Device
3274035 – September 20, 1966 – Metallic Composition For Production of Hydroscopic Smoke
3284005 – November 8,1966 – Weather Control by Artificial Means
3300721 – January 24, 1967 – Means For Communication Through a Layer of Ionized Gases
3313487 – April 11, 1967 – Cloud Seeding Apparatus
3338476 – August 29, 1967 – Heating Device For Use With Aerosol Containers
198 notes · View notes
palmiz · 18 days
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Lista dei brevetti per la modifica del clima.
Dal 1891 al 2023.
United States Patent and Trademark Office​.
...
0462795 – July 16, 1891 – Method Of Producing Rain-Fall
803180 – October 31, 1905 – Means for Producing High Potential Electrical Discharges
1103490 – August 6, 1913 – Rain-Maker
1225521 – September 4, 1915 – Protecting From Poisonous Gas In Warfare
1279823 – September 24, 1918 – Process and Apparatus for Causing Precipitation by Coalescence of Aqueous Particles Contained in the Atmosphere
1284982 – November 19, 1918 – Process and Apparatus for Procuring and Stimulating Rainfall
1338343 – April 27, 1920 – Process And Apparatus For The Production of Intense Artificial Clouds, Fogs, or Mists
1358084 – November 9, 1920 – Method of Producing Fog-Screens
1619183 – March 1, 1927 – Process of Producing Smoke Clouds From Moving Aircraft
1665267 – April 10, 1928 – Process of Producing Artificial Fogs
1892132 – December 27, 1932 – Atomizing Attachment For Airplane Engine Exhausts
1895765 – January 31, 1933 – Artificial Production of Fog
1928963 – October 3, 1933 – Electrical System And Method
1957075 – May 1, 1934 – Airplane Spray Equipment
1993316 – March 5, 1935 �� Apparatus for and Method of Producing Oil Fog
2052626 – September 1, 1936 – Method of Dispelling Fog
2097581 – November 2, 1937 – Electric Stream Generator – Referenced in 3990987
2173756 – September 19, 1939 – Process of Producing Fog or Mist by Partial and Flameless Combustion
2352677 – July 4, 1944 – Artificial Fog Production
2476171 – July 18, 1945 – Smoke Screen Generator
2409201 – October 15, 1946 – Smoke Producing Mixture
2480967 – September 6, 1949 – Aerial Discharge Device
2527230 – October 24, 1950 – Method of Crystal Formation and Precipitation
2527231 – October 24, 1950 – Method of Generating Silver Iodide Smoke
2550324 – April 24, 1951 – Process For Controlling Weather
2582678 – June 15, 1952 – Material Disseminating Apparatus For Airplanes
2611992 – September 30, 1952 – Engine Exhaust Operated Fluent Material Distributor
2614083 – October 14, 1952 – Metal Chloride Screening Smoke Mixture
2633455 – March 31, 1953 – Smoke Generator
2688069 – August 31, 1954 – Steam Generator – Referenced in 3990987
2721495 – October 25, 1955 – Method And Apparatus For Detecting Minute Crystal Forming Particles Suspended in a Gaseous Atmosphere
2730402 – January 10, 1956 – Controllable Dispersal Device
2903188 – April 2, 1956 – Control of Tropical Cyclone Formation
2756097 – July 24, 1956 – Process for Weather Control
2801322 – July 30, 1957 – Decomposition Chamber for Monopropellant Fuel – Referenced in 3990987
2835530 – May 20, 1958 – Process for the Condensation of Atmospheric Humidity and Dissolution of Fog
2871344 – January 27, 1959 – Long Distance Communication System
2881335 – April 7, 1959 – Generation of Electrical Fields
2908442 – October 13, 1959 – Method For Dispersing Natural Atmospheric Fogs And Clouds
2962450 – November 29, 1960 – Fog Dispelling Composition
2963975 – December 13, 1960 – Cloud Seeding Carbon Dioxide Bullet
3019989 – February 6, 1962 – Atmospheric Space Charge Modification
2986360 – May 30, 1962 – Aerial Insecticide Dusting Device
3046168 – July 24, 1962 – Chemically Produced Colored Smokes
3056556 – October 2, 1962 – Method of Artificially Influencing the Weather
3126155 – March 24, 1964 – Silver Iodide Cloud Seeding Generator
3127107 – March 31, 1964 – Generation of Ice-Nucleating Crystals
3131131 – April 28, 1964 – Electrostatic Mixing in Microbial Conversions
3140207 – July 7, 1964 – Pyrotechnic Composition
3174150 – March 16, 1965 – Self-Focusing Antenna System
3234357 – February 8, 1966 – Electrically Heated Smoke Producing Device
3274035 – September 20, 1966 – Metallic Composition For Production of Hydroscopic Smoke
3284005 – November 8,1966 – Weather Control by Artificial Means
3300721 – January 24, 1967 – Means For Communication Through a Layer of Ionized Gases
3313487 – April 11, 1967 – Cloud Seeding Apparatus
3338476 – August 29, 1967 – Heating Device For Use With Aerosol Containers
3375148 – March 26, 1968 – Pyrotechnics Comprising Silver Iodate, Ammonium Nitrate, Nitrocellulose and Nitrate Esters
3378201 – April 16, 1968 – Method for Precipitating Atmospheric Water Masses
3410489 – November 12, 1968 – Automatically Adjustable Airfoil Spray System With Pump
3418184 – December 24, 1968 – Smoke Producing Propellant
3429507 – February 25, 1969 – Rainmaker
3432208 – November 7, 1967 – Fluidized Particle Dispenser
3441214 – April 29, 1969 – Method And Apparatus For Seeding Clouds
3445844 – May 20, 1969 – Trapped Electromagnetic Radiation Communications System
3456880 – July 22, 1969 – Method Of Producing Precipitation From The Atmosphere
3518670 – June 30, 1970 – Artificial Ion Cloud
3517512 – June 30, 1970 – Apparatus for Suppressing Contrails
3534906 – October 20, 1970 – Control of Atmospheric Particles
3545677 – December 8, 1970 – Method of Cloud Seeding
3564253 – February 16, 1971 – System And Method For Irradiation Of Planet Surface Areas
3587966 – June 28, 1971 – Freezing Nucleation
3595477 – July 27, 1971 – Fog Dispersing Method and Compositions
3601312 – August 24, 1971 – Methods of Increasing The Likelihood oF Precipitation By The Artificial Introduction Of Sea Water Vapor Into The Atmosphere Winward Of An Air Lift Region
3608810 – September 28, 1971 – Methods of Treating Atmospheric Conditions
3608820– September 20, 1971 – Treatment of Atmospheric Conditions by Intermittent Dispensing of Materials Therein
3613992 – October 19, 1971 – Weather Modification Method
3630950 – December 28, 1971 – Combustible Compositions For Generating Aerosols, Particularly Suitable For Cloud Modification And Weather Control And Aerosolization Process
USRE29142 – May 22, 1973 – Combustible compositions for generating aerosols, particularly suitable for cloud modification and weather control and aerosolization process
3659785 – December 8, 1971 – Weather Modification Utilizing Microencapsulated Material
3666176 – March 3, 1972 – Solar Temperature Inversion Device
3677840 – July 18, 1972 – Pyrotechnics Comprising Oxide of Silver For Weather Modification Use
3690552 – September 12, 1972 – Fog Dispersal
3722183 – March 27, 1973 – Device For Clearing Impurities From The Atmosphere
3748278 – July 24, 1973 – Process and Agents Having an Influence on the Weather
3751913 – August 14, 1973 – Barium Release System
3769107 – October 30, 1973 – Pyrotechnic Composition For Generating Lead Based Smoke
3784099 – January 8, 1974 – Air Pollution Control Method
3785557 – January 15, 1974 – Cloud Seeding System
3788543 – January 29, 1974 – Uniform Size Particle Generator
3795626 – March 5, 1974 – Weather Modification Process
3802971 – April 9, 1974 – Pyrotechnic Formulations for Weather Modification Comprising a Mixture of Iodates
3808595 – April 30, 1974 – Chaff Dispensing System
3813875 – June 4, 1974 – Rocket Having Barium Release System to Create Ion Clouds In The Upper Atmosphere
3835059 – September 10, 1974 – Methods of Generating Ice Nuclei Smoke Particles For Weather Modification And Apparatus Therefore
3835293 – September 10, 1974 – Electrical Heating Apparatus For Generating Super Heated Vapors
3858805 – January 7, 1975 – Ice Nucleation by Micas
3877642 – April 15, 1975 – Freezing Nucleant
3882393 – May 6, 1975 – Communications System Utilizing Modulation of The Characteristic Polarization of The Ionosphere
3887580 – June 3, 1975 – Method of Crystallization of Water in Supercooled Clouds and Fogs and Reagent Useful in Said Method
3896993 – July 29, 1975 – Process For Local Modification of Fog And Clouds For Triggering Their Precipitation And For Hindering The Development of Hail Producing Clouds
3899129 – August 12, 1975 – Apparatus for generating ice nuclei smoke particles for weather modification
3899144 – August 12, 1975 – Powder contrail generation
3915379 – October 28, 1975 – Method of Controlling Weather
3940059 – February 24, 1976 – Method For Fog Dispersion
3940060 – February 24, 1976 – Vortex Ring Generator
3990987 – November 9, 1976 – Smoke generator
3992628 – November 16, 1976 – Countermeasure system for laser radiation
3994437 – November 30, 1976 – Broadcast dissemination of trace quantities of biologically active chemicals
4042196 – August 16, 1977 – Method and apparatus for triggering a substantial change in earth characteristics and measuring earth changes
RE29,142 – February 22, 1977 – Combustible compositions for generating aerosols, particularly suitable for cloud modification and weather control and aerosolization process
4009828 – March 1 1977 – Organic Nucleating Agent for both Warm and Cold Clouds
4035726 – July 12, 1977 – Method of controlling and/or improving high-latitude and other communications or radio wave surveillance systems by partial control of radio wave et al
4096005 – June 20, 1978 – Pyrotechnic Cloud Seeding Composition
4129252 – December 12, 1978 – Method and apparatus for production of seeding materials
4141274 – February 27, 1979 – Weather modification automatic cartridge dispenser
4167008 – September 4, 1979 – Fluid bed chaff dispenser
4347284 – August 31, 1982 – White cover sheet material capable of reflecting ultraviolet rays
4362271 – December 7, 1982 – Procedure for the artificial modification of atmospheric precipitation as well as compounds with a dimethyl sulfoxide base for use in carrying out said procedure
4373391 – February 15, 1983 – Relative Humidity Sensitive Material
4396152 – August 2, 1983 – Aerosol Dispenser System
4402480 – September 6, 1983 – Atmosphere modification satellite
4412654 – November 1, 1983 – Laminar microjet atomizer and method of aerial spraying of liquids
4415265 – November 15, 1983 – Method and apparatus for aerosol particle absorption spectroscopy
4470544 – September 11, 1984 – Method of and Means for weather modification
4475927 – October 9, 1984 – Bipolar Fog Abatement System
4600147 – July 15, 1986 – Liquid propane generator for cloud seeding apparatus
4633714 – January 6, 1987 – Aerosol particle charge and size analyzer
4643355 – February 17, 1987 – Method and apparatus for modification of climatic conditions
4653690 – March 31, 1987 – Method of producing cumulus clouds
4684063 – August 4, 1987 – Particulates generation and removal
4686605 – August 11, 1987 – HAARP Patent / EASTLUND PATENT – Method and apparatus for altering a region in the earth’s atmosphere, ionosphere, and/or magnetosphere
4704942 – November 10, 1987 – Charged Aerosol
4712155 – December 8, 1987 – Method and apparatus for creating an artificial electron cyclotron heating region of plasma
4742958 – May 10, 1988 – Method for Making Artificial Snow
4744919 – May 17, 1988 – Method of dispersing particulate aerosol tracer
4766725 – August 30, 1988 – Method of suppressing formation of contrails and solution therefor
4829838 – May 16, 1989 – Method and apparatus for the measurement of the size of particles entrained in a gas
4836086 – June 6, 1989 – Apparatus and method for the mixing and diffusion of warm and cold air for dissolving fog
4873928 – October 17, 1989 – Nuclear-sized explosions without radiation
4948257 – August 14, 1990 – Laser optical measuring device and method for stabilizing fringe pattern spacing
1338343– August 14, 1990 – Process and Apparatus for the production of intense artificial Fog
4999637 – March 12, 1991 – Creation of artificial ionization clouds above the earth
5003186 – March 26, 1991 – Stratospheric Welsbach seeding for reduction of global warming
5005355 – April 9, 1991 – Method of suppressing formation of contrails and solution therefor
5038664 – August 13, 1991 – Method for producing a shell of relativistic particles at an altitude above the earths surface
5041760 – August 20, 1991 – Method and apparatus for generating and utilizing a compound plasma configuration
5041834 – August 20, 1991 – Artificial ionospheric mirror composed of a plasma layer which can be tilted
5056357 – October 15, 1991- Acoustic method for measuring properties of a mobile medium
5059909 – October 22, 1991 – Determination of particle size and electrical charge
5104069 – April 14, 1992 – Apparatus and method for ejecting matter from an aircraft
5110502 – May 5, 1992 – Method of suppressing formation of contrails and solution therefor
5156802 – October 20, 1992 – Inspection of fuel particles with acoustics
5174498 – December 29, 1992 – Cloud Seeding
5148173 – September 15, 1992 – Millimeter wave screening cloud and method
5242820 – September 7, 1993 – Army Mycoplasma Patent Patent
5245290 – September 14, 1993 – Device for determining the size and charge of colloidal particles by measuring electroacoustic effect
5286979 – February 15, 1994 – Process for absorbing ultraviolet radiation using dispersed melanin
5296910 – March 22, 1994 – Method and apparatus for particle analysis
5327222 – July 5, 1994 – Displacement information detecting apparatus
5357865 – October 25, 1994 – Method of cloud seeding
5360162 – November 1, 1994 – Method and composition for precipitation of atmospheric water
5383024 – January 17, 1995 – Optical wet steam monitor
5425413 – June 20, 1995 – Method to hinder the formation and to break-up overhead atmospheric inversions, enhance ground level air circulation and improve urban air quality
5434667 – July 18, 1995 – Characterization of particles by modulated dynamic light scattering
5436039 – July 25, 1995 – Artificial Snow in an Aggregate Form of Snow Granules
5441200 – August 15, 1995 – Tropical cyclone disruption
5492274 – February 20, 1996 – Method of and Means for Weather Modification
5546183 – August, 13, 1996 – LIDAR Droplet Size Monitor for In-Flight Measurement of Aircraft Engine Exhaust Contrails, Droplets and Aerosols
5556029 – September 17, 1996 – Method of hydrometeor dissipation (clouds)
5628455 – May 13, 1997 – Method and apparatus for modification of supercooled fog
5631414 – May 20, 1997 – Method and device for remote diagnostics of ocean-atmosphere system state
5639441 – June 17, 1997 – Methods for fine particle formation
5762298 – June 9, 1998 – Use of artificial satellites in earth orbits adaptively to modify the effect that solar radiation would otherwise have on earth’s weather
5800481 – September 1, 1998 – Thermal excitation of sensory resonances
5912396 – June 15, 1999 – System and method for remediation of selected atmospheric conditions
5922976 – July 13, 1999 – Method of measuring aerosol particles using automated mobility-classified aerosol detector
5949001 – September 7, 1999 – Method for aerodynamic particle size analysis
5984239 – November 16, 1999 – Weather modification by artificial satellites
6025402 – February 15, 2000 – Chemical composition for effectuating a reduction of visibility obscuration, and a detoxifixation of fumes and chemical fogs in spaces of fire origin
6030506 – February 29, 2000 – Preparation of independently generated highly reactive chemical species
6034073 – March 7, 2000 – Solvent detergent emulsions having antiviral activity
6045089 – April 4, 2000 – Solar-powered airplane
6056203 – May 2, 2000 – Method and apparatus for modifying supercooled clouds
6315213B1 – June 21, 2000 – Method of modifying weather
6110590 – August 29, 2000 – Synthetically spun silk nanofibers and a process for making the same
6263744 – July 24, 2001 – Automated mobility-classified-aerosol detector
6281972 – August 28, 2001 – Method and apparatus for measuring particle-size distribution
20030085296 – November 2, 2001 – Hurricane and tornado control device
6315213 – November 13, 2001 – Method of modifying weather
2002009338 – January 24, 2002 – Influencing Weather Patterns by way of Altering Surface or Subsurface Ocean Water Temperatures
20020008155 – January 24, 2002 – Method and System for Hurricane Control
6382526 – May 7, 2002 – Process and apparatus for the production of nanofibers
6408704 – June 25, 2002 – Aerodynamic particle size analysis method and apparatus
6412416 – July 2, 2002 – Propellant-based aerosol generation devices and method
6520425 – February 18, 2003 – Process and apparatus for the production of nanofibers
6539812 – April 1, 2003 – System for measuring the flow-rate of a gas by means of ultrasound
6553849 – April 29, 2003 – Electrodynamic particle size analyzer
6569393 – May 27, 2003 – Method And Device For Cleaning The Atmosphere
20040060994 – April 1, 2004 – Method for Influencing Atmospheric Formations
20040074980 – April 22, 2004 – Method and Device for Generating a Liquid Mist
0056705 A1 – March 17, 2005 – Weather Modification by Royal Rainmaking Technology
6890497 – May 10, 2005 – Method For Extracting And Sequestering Carbon Dioxide
2446250 – January 4, 2007 – A dust or particle-based solar shield to counteract global warming
20070056436 – March 15, 2007 – Challenger to Natural Twisters, Technology
2007033448 – March 29, 2007 – Production of Localized Artificial Rains in Polar Stratospheric Clouds, to Promote a Rain Wash in the CIO Gas, Reduce the Destruction of the Ozone Layer and a Replacement Process in situ of the Stratospheric Ozone
20070114298 – May 24, 2007 – Hurricane Abatement Method and System
20070158449 – July 12, 2007- Tropical Hurricane Control System
20070215946 – September 20, 2007 – Broadband Communications System via Reflection from Artificial Ionized Plasma Patterns in the Atmosphere
7965488 – November 9, 2007 – Methods Of Removing Aerosols From The Atmosphere
8048309 – August 28, 2008 – Seawater-Based Carbon Dioxide Disposal
20080203328 – August 28, 2008 – Outer Space Sun Screen for Reducing Global Warming
20100072297 – September 24, 2008 – Method for controlling hurricanes
7434524 – October 14, 2008 – Machine to Get Rid of Hurricanes
8012453 – October 27, 2008 – Carbon Sequestration And Production Of Hydrogen And Hydride
20090008468 – January 8, 2009 – How to Tame Hurricanes and Typhoons with Available Technology
7520237 – April 21, 2009 – Hurricane Prevention System and Method
20090255999 – October 15, 2009 – Production or Distribution of Radiative Forcing Elements
20090290761 – November 26, 2009 – Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere Wind Direction, Speed, and Turbidity Monitoring using Digital Imaging and Motion Tracking
7645326 – January 12, 2010 – RFID environmental manipulation
7655193 – February 2, 2010 – Apparatus For Extracting And Sequestering Carbon Dioxide
20100074390 – March 25, 2010 – Method for Weather Modification and Vapor Generator for Weather Modification
20100127224 – May 27, 2010 – Atmospheric Injection of Reflective Aerosol for Mitigating Global Warming
7748662 – July 6, 2010 – Aerial Delivery System
20100170958 – July 8, 2010 – Hurricane Mitigation by Combined Seeding with Condensation and Freezing Nuclei
20100252648 – October 7, 2010 – Climate Processor
20100264230 – October 21, 2010 – Severe Storm / Hurricane Modification Method and Apparatus
20100282914 – November 11, 2010 – Enhanced Aerial Delivery System
20110005422 – January 13, 2011 – Method and Apparatus for Cooling a Planet
20110049257 – March 3, 2011 – Method and Apparatus for Local Modification of Atmosphere
20110101124 – May 5, 2011- Hurricane Abatement System and Method
2011073650 – June 23, 2011 – Atmospheric Delivery System
20110168797 – July 14, 2011 – Method of Weakening a Hurricane
20110174892 – July 21, 2011 – Apparatus and Related Methods for Weather Modification by Electrical Processes in the Atmosphere
20110198407 – August 18, 2011 – Method and Apparatus to Break Up or Annihilate Typhoons, Tornadoes, Cyclones or Hurricanes
20110204159 – August 25, 2011 – Weather Management Using Space-Based Power System
20110284649 – November 24, 2011 – Apparatus and Method for the Mitigation of Rotating Wind Storms
8079545 – December 20, 2011 – Ground based Manipulation and Control of Aerial Vehicle during nonflying operations
20120024971 – February 2, 2012 – Methods for Environmental Modification with Climate Control Materials and Coverings
8262314 – September 11, 2012 – Method for Decreasing the Intensity and Frequency of Tropical Storms or Hurricanes
0117003 – October 5, 2012 – Geoengineering Method Of Business Using Carbon Counterbalance Credits
20120267444 – October 25, 2012- Artificial Freezing Apparatus and Freezing Method Therefor
20120286096 – November 15, 2012 – Aerial Delivery Devices, Systems and Methods
20130008365 – January 10, 2013 – System and Method for Decreasing the Intensity and Frequency of Tropical Storms or Hurricanes
20130015260 – January 17, 2013 – Concept and Model for Utilizing High-Frequency or Radar or Microwave Producing or Emitting Devices to Produce, Effect, Create or Induce Lightning or Lightspeed or Visible to Naked Eye Electromagnetic Pulse or Pulses, Acoustic or Ultrasonic Shockwaves or Booms in the Air, Space, Enclosed, or Upon any Object or Mass, to be Used Solely or as Part of a System, Platform or Device Including Weaponry and Weather Modification
8373962 – February 12, 2013 – Charged seed cloud as a method for increasing particle collisions and for scavenging airborne biological agents and other contaminants
20130038063 – February 14, 2013 – Apparatus and Method for Inhibiting the Formation of Tropical Cyclones
201300043322 – February 21, 2013 – Processes and Apparatus for Reducing the Intensity of Tropical Cyclones
8402736 – March 26, 2013 – Method and Apparatus for Suppressing Aeroengine Contrails
8439278 – May 14, 2013 – Apparatus for Producing a Mass of Water Vapor, Apparatus for Producing, Moving, and Climbing a Mass of Water Vapor, and Method of Causing Artificial Stimulation of Rain
20130175352 – July 11, 2013 – Method to Influence the Direction of Travel of Hurricanes
20130186127 – July 25, 2013 – Ice Floater for Facilitating Ice-Freezing on Water Surface
20130206912 – August 15, 2013 – Moisture Dispersion
20140055876 – February 27, 2014 – Method for Controlling Land Surface Temperature using Stratospheric Airships and Reflector
20140131471 – May 15, 2014 – Apparatus to Channel Large Air Masses for Climate Modification
20140145002 – May 29, 2014 – System for Facilitating Cloud Formation and Cloud Precipitation
20140224894 – August 14, 2014 – Technique to Mitigate Storms using Arrays of Wind Turbines
8825241 – September 2, 2014 – Autonomous Wave-Powered substance Distribution Vessels for Fertilizing Plankton, Feeding Fish, and Sequestering Carbon from the Atmosphere
8944363 – February 3, 2015 – Production or Distribution of Radiative Forcing Agents
20150077737 – March 19 2015 – System and Methods for Monitoring an Environment
9002660 – April 7, 2015 – Device and Method for Determining and Indicating Climate-Relevant Effects of a Contrail Produced by an Airplane
20150230415 – August 20, 2015 – Methods for Decreasing Local Temperature using High Albedo Materials
20150337224 – November 26, 2015 – Microwave Acceleration of Carbon Gasification Reactions
9311539 – April 12, 2016 – Aircraft Contrail Detection
9429348 – August 30, 2016 – Method and Device for Producing Snow
9491911 – November 15, 2016 – Method for Modifying Environmental Conditions with Ring Comprised of Magnetic Material
9589473 – March 7, 2017 – Method and System for Automatically Displaying Flight Path, Seeding Path, and Weather Data
9715039 – July 25, 2017 – Apparatus and System for Smart Seeding within Cloud Formations
20170217587 – August 3, 2017 – Vehicles and Systems for Weather Modification
20170303479 – October 26, 2017 – Warm Cloud Catalyst, Preparation Method Therefor and Application Thereof
20180006422 – January 4, 2018 – Methods for Disrupting Hurricane Activity
20180006421 – January 4, 2018 – Methods for Disrupting Tornadic Activity
9924640 – March 27, 2018 – Modifying Sunlight Scatter in the Upper Atmosphere
20180217119 – August 2, 2018 – Process and Method for the Enhancement of Sequestering Atmospheric Carbon through Ocean Iron Fertilization, and Method for Calculating net Carbon Capture from said Process and Method
10189753 – January 29, 2019 – Fog-Generating Device Comprising a Reagent and Ignition Means
2019203461 – June 6, 2019 – Airships for Weather Manipulation
10314249 – June 11, 2019 – Systems and Methods of Inducing Rainfall
10375900 – August 13, 2019 – Rain Induced by Supercontinuum Laser Beams
10433408 – October 1, 2019 – Methods for Affecting Spinning Atmospheric Phenomena
10435165 – October 8, 2019 – Aircraft Electrically-Assisted Propulsion Control System
20190364748 – December 5, 2019 – Method and System for Expressing Airborne Cloud Seeding Line Considering Cloud Water
20200187430 – June 18, 2020 – Helical Artificial Generator of Tornado, Hurricane, Yellow Dust, and Typhoon
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38 notes · View notes
yutopia-eleftheria · 13 hours
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That's not my Neighbor Characters Informations
Floor 1 :
Roman Stilnsky :
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ID Number : 483924059684
Apartment : F01-01
Apartment Phone # : 1152
Occupation : Public Accountant
Relations : Lois Stilnsky {Wife}
Age : 42
Birthday : May 24th 1913
Zodiac Sign : Gemini
Height : 6'3" (190 cm)
Weight : 194 lbs (88 kg)
Blood Type : O-
Origin : Russia
Appearance :
LISTED :
Big Nose
Scar on Right Chin
Long Face
One Eyebrow
Wears a Hat
2. OTHERS :
Black Short Curly Hair
Light Green Eyes
Grey Suit and Hat
White Shirt
Red Necktie
Lois Stilnsky :
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ID Number : 894569723651
Apartment : F01-01
Apartment Phone # : 1152
Occupation : Housewife
Relations : Roman Stilnsky {Husband}
Age : 38
Birthday : February 11th 1917
Zodiac Sign : Aquarius
Height : 5'2" (157 cm)
Weight : 198 lbs (90 kg)
Blood Type : O+
Origin : Bielorussia
Appearance :
LISTED :
Big Lips
Mole on Left Cheek
Round Face
Short Hair
2. OTHERS :
Purplish "Violine" Hair Covering her Eyes
Pink Dress and Hat
Round Silver Earrings and Necklace
Robertsky Peachman :
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ID Number : 114652289730
Apartment : F01-02
Apartment Phone # : 2668
Occupation : Shoemaker
Relations : Albertsky Peachman {Older Brother}
Age : 36
Birthday : January 11th 1919
Zodiac Sign : Capricorn
Height : 6'7" (200cm)
Weight : 165 lbs (75 kg)
Blood Type : O+
Origin : United States
Appearance :
LISTED :
Long Neck
No Eyebrows
Big Nose
Has a Goatee
2. OTHERS :
Ginger Curly Hair
Yellow Coat
Blue Scarf
Albertsky Peachman :
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ID Number : 146512986354
Apartment : F01-02
Apartment Phone # : 2668
Occupation : Shoemaker
Relations : Robertsky Peachman {Younger Brother}
Age : 44
Birthday : April 14th 1911
Zodiac Sign : Aries
Height : 5'8" (173 cm)
Weight : 183 lbs (83 kg)
Blood Type : AB-
Origin : United States
Appearance :
LISTED :
Has a Moustache
Prominent Chin
Big Nose
Big Eyebrows
2. OTHERS :
Ginger Hair
Blue and White Shirt
Angus Ciprianni :
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ID Number : 565003698845
Apartment : F01-03
Apartment Phone # : 5513
Occupation : Businessman
Relations : Unknown
Age : 33
Birthday : February 3rd 1922
Zodiac Sign : Aquarius
Height : 5'10" (178 cm)
Weight : 146 lbs (66 kg)
Blood Type : A+
Origin : Italy
Appearance :
LISTED :
Long Neck
Wears a Hat
Has a Moustache
Small Eyes
2. OTHERS :
Short Brown Hair
Purple Suit and Hat
White Shirt Collar
Red Necktie
Elenois Sverchzt :
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ID Number : 845323014956
Apartment : F01-04
Apartment Phone # : 6996
Occupation : Model
Relations : Selenne Sverchzt {Twin Sister}
Age : 22
Birthday : March 1st 1933
Zodiac Sign : Pisces
Height : 6'2" (188 cm)
Weight : 106 lbs (48 kg)
Blood Type : B+
Origin : Germany
Appearance :
LISTED :
Mole on Left Cheek
Small Pointed Nose
Slim
Long Neck
2. OTHERS :
Short Curly Hazel Hair
Yellow Dress, Orange Stripes
Ahoge Curl to the Right
Triangle Golden Earrings
Selenne Sverchzt :
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ID Number : 785613269514
Apartment : F01-04
Apartment Phone # : 6996
Occupation : Model
Relations : Elenois Sverchzt {Twin Sister}
Age : 22
Birthday : March 1st 1933
Zodiac Sign : Pisces
Height : 6'2" (188 cm)
Weight : 106 lbs (48 kg)
Blood Type : B+
Origin : Germany
Appearance :
LISTED :
Mole on Right Cheek
Small Pointed Nose
Slim
Long Neck
2. OTHERS :
Short Curly Hazel Hair
Orange Dress, Red Stripes
Ahoge Curl to the Left
Square Golden Earrings
Floor 2 :
Arnold Schmicht :
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ID Number : 778566219322
Apartment : F02-01
Apartment Phone # : 5123
Occupation : Writer
Relations : Gloria Schmicht {Wife}
Age : 49
Birthday : October 21st 1906
Zodiac Sign : Libra
Height : 5'0" (152 cm)
Weight : 179 lbs (81 kg)
Blood Type : A-
Origin : Germany / Afro-American
Appearance :
LISTED :
Big Eyebrows
Prominent Mustache
Wears a Hat
Round Face
2. OTHERS :
Short Curly Dark Brown Hair
Green Suit and Hat
White Shirt
Red Necktie
Gloria Schmicht :
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ID Number : 698522341150
Apartment : F02-01
Apartment Phone # : 5123
Occupation : Banker
Relations : Arnold Schmicht {Husband}
Age : 40
Birthday : August 22nd 1915
Zodiac Sign : Leo
Height : 5'1" (155 cm)
Weight : 218 lbs (99 kg)
Blood Type : O+
Origin : Hungary / Afro-American
Appearance :
LISTED :
Round Face
Mole on Right Cheek
Short Hair
Round Nose
2. OTHERS :
Short Curly Dark Brown Hair
Yellow Eyes
Round Yellow Earrings
Purple Scarf
Izaack Gauss :
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ID Number : 456985512369
Apartment : F02-02
Apartment Phone # : 7332
Occupation : Reporter
Relations : Unknown
Age : 39
Birthday : July 23rd 1916
Zodiac Sign : Leo
Height : 6'5" (196cm)
Weight : 209 lbs (95 kg)
Blood Type : A+
Origin : Germany / United States
Appearance :
LISTED :
Big Eyebrows
Big Smile
Prominent Chin
Big Nose
2. OTHERS :
Short Black Hair
Blue Eyes
Dark Grey Suit
White Shirt
Dull Blue Necktie
Margarette Bubbles :
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ID Number : 103268014590
Apartment : F02-03
Apartment Phone # : 6431
Occupation : Seamstress
Relations : Unknown
Age : 56
Birthday : July 10th 1899
Zodiac Sign : Cancer
Height : 5'11" (180 cm)
Weight : 225 lbs (102 kg)
Blood Type : AB-
Origin : United States (Wisconsin)
Appearance :
LISTED :
Curly Hazel Hair
Deviated Left Eye
Round Nose
Big Smile
2. OTHERS :
Pearl Necklace
Yellow Dress, Orange Dots
Round Yellow Earrings
Nacha Mikaelys :
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ID Number : 789653665413
Apartment : F02-04
Apartment Phone # : 1346
Occupation : Chef
Relations : Anastacha Mikaelys {Daughter}
Francis Mosses {Implied Ex}
Age : 29
Birthday : November 13th 1926
Zodiac Sign : Scorpio
Height : 5'3" (160 cm)
Weight : 121 lbs (55 kg)
Blood Type : A+
Origin : United States
Appearance :
LISTED :
Right Eye Blue
Left Eye Green
Curly Brown Hair
She has Freckles
Round Face
2. OTHERS :
Purple Hair Tie and Shirt with White Collar
Anastacha Mikaelys :
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ID Number : 132698534462
Apartment : F02-04
Apartment Phone # : 1346
Occupation : Student
Relations : Nacha Mikaelys {Mother}
Francis Mosses {Implied Father}
Age : 13
Birthday : May 26th 1942
Zodiac Sign : Gemini
Height : 4'11" (150 cm)
Weight : 99 lbs (45 kg)
Blood Type : A-
Origin : United States
Appearance :
LISTED :
Tired Eyes
Two Ponytails
Brown Hair
Small Nose
Round Face
2. OTHERS :
Purple and White School Uniform
Purple Hair Ties
Pink School Bag
Floor 3 :
Mia Stone :
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ID Number : 789564525115
Apartment : F03-01
Apartment Phone # : 1425
Occupation : Teacher
Relations : Dr. W. Afton {Fiancé)
Age : 27
Birthday : September 15th 1928
Zodiac Sign : Virgo
Height : 5'6" (167 cm)
Weight : 132 lbs (60 kg)
Blood Type : A+
Origin : England
Appearance :
LISTED :
Long Blonde Hair
Small Round Nose
She has Freckles
Oval Face
Thin Eyebrows
2. OTHERS :
Pearl Necklace
Round Silver Earrings
Pink Eye Make-Up
Red Shirt
Dr. W. Afton :
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ID Number : 250489656214
Apartment : F03-01
Apartment Phone # : 1425
Occupation : Physicist
Relations : Mia Stone {Fiancée}
Age : 31
Birthday : June 25th 1926
Zodiac Sign : Cancer
Height : 5'5" (165 cm)
Weight : 150 lbs (68 kg)
Blood Type : A-
Origin : United States
Appearance :
LISTED :
Robust Eyebrows
Wears Grey Glasses
Short Blue Hair
Round Nose
Square Head
2. OTHERS :
Green Shirt with Many Pockets
White Shirt Collar
Red Necktie
Francis Mosses :
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ID Number : 235569418995
Apartment : F03-02
Apartment Phone # : 4122
Occupation : Milkman
Relations : Nacha Mikaelys {Implied Ex}
Anastacha Mikaelys {Implied Daughter}
Age : 30
Birthday : April 23rd 1925
Zodiac Sign : Taurus
Height : 5'7" (170 cm)
Weight : 170 lbs (77 kg)
Blood Type : A+
Origin : United States (Pennsylvania)
Appearance :
LISTED :
Long Nose
Thin Chin
Tired Eyes
Short Brown Hair
Wears a White Hat
2. OTHERS :
White Shirt
Black Bowtie
Steven Rudboys :
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ID Number : 565845455965
Apartment : F03-03
Apartment Phone # : 4242
Occupation : Pilot
Relations : Mclooy Rudboys {Father}
Age : 28
Birthday : November 24th 1927
Zodiac Sign : Sagittarius
Height : 6'1" (185 cm)
Weight : 205 lbs (93 kg)
Blood Type : B+
Origin : United States (Texas)
Appearance :
LISTED :
Big Nose
Wears Grey Sunglasses
Short Brown Mohawk-Like Hair
Small Head
2. OTHERS :
Green Pilot Jacket with Badges
White Shirt
Military Necklace
Mclooy Rudboys :
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ID Number : 964516184611
Apartment : F03-03
Apartment Phone # : 4242
Occupation : Retired
Relations : Steven Rudboys {Son}
Age : 71
Birthday : May 16th 1884
Zodiac Sign : Taurus
Height : 6'0" (183 cm)
Weight : 190 lbs (86 kg)
Blood Type : O+
Origin : United States (Texas)
Appearance :
LISTED :
Has a Grey Moustache
Big Nose
Has a Grey Goatee
Smokes
ALWAYS Wears a Hat
2. OTHERS :
Grey Short Hair
Light Grey Shirt, White Sleeves
White Hat
Red Scarf
Alf Cappuccin :
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ID Number : 120548096347
Apartment : F03-04
Apartment Phone # : 4258
Occupation : Lawyer
Relations : Rafttellyn Cappuccin {Wife}
Age : 64
Birthday : October 12th 1891
Zodiac Sign : Libra
Height : 4'7" (140 cm)
Weight : 161 lbs (73 kg)
Blood Type : A+
Origin : United States (New Jersey)
Appearance :
LISTED :
Big Nose
Prominent Grey Moustache
Use a Golden Monocle
Wears a Black Hat
Round Face
2. OTHERS :
Grey Sideburns Hairstyle
Black Suit with White Shirt Underneath
Red Bowtie
Rafttellyn Cappuccin :
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ID Number : 568554596329
Apartment : F03-04
Apartment Phone # : 4258
Occupation : Housewife
Relations : Alf Cappuccin {Husband}
Age : 46
Birthday : September 29th 1909
Zodiac Sign : Scorpio
Height : 5'9" (175 cm)
Weight : 154 lbs (70 kg)
Blood Type : A+
Origin : Italy / United States
Appearance :
LISTED :
Long Face
Big Nose
Straight Bluish Purple Hair
Wears a Light Pink Headband
2. OTHERS :
Small Yellow Earrings
Pearl Necklace
Red and Green Dress with Flower Motif
Brown Leather Handbag
51 notes · View notes
citizenscreen · 3 months
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On February 2, 1913, New York City’s Grand Central Terminal opened to the public for the first time. #OnThisDay #NYC
50 notes · View notes
conradscrime · 3 months
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The Twisted Crimes of Catholic Priest Hans Schmidt
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January 28, 2024
Hans Schmidt was born in 1881 in a Bavarian town called Aschaffenburg. It was said that both of Hans' parents sides of the family had struggled with mental illness.
Hans was beaten by his father as a child and often watched his mother get beaten too. Hans also had a fascination with drinking blood and was interested in bisexuality. He was also fascinated with the death of animals, often watching farm animals die at the village slaughterhouse.
Hans was ordained as a Catholic priest on December 23, 1904 by Bishop Kirstein, despite many people believing he did not have the proper morals or mental capacity to do this kind of work.
Hans began molesting altar boys, was having affairs with various women, and was involved with sex workers. Many fellow priests complained to the Bishop about Hans, and eventually he had to move to the US in 1909, as they stopped giving him parish assignments due to the complaints.
He was assigned to St. John's Roman Catholic Church in Louisville, Kentucky, but was soon transfered to St. Boniface's Church in New York as he got into it with a senior pastor.
Hans met a woman named Anna Aumüller in New York in 1912. She was the housekeeper of the church and had emigrated from the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1910. Hans later claimed he had heard a "voice from God" telling him to love Anna. Anna originally turned down Hans, but eventually engaged in a sexual relationship with him.
In December 1912, Hans began a secret sexual relationship with a New York dentist named Ernest Muret. The two men began operating a counterfeiting ring together.
Hans was then transfered to another church in Harlem but it did not stop him from keeping his secret relationship with Anna. The two even got married secretly, a ceremony Hans performed.
During sex with Anna, Hans later said he received a command from God, telling him Anna needed to be sacrificed. Hans said it was very persistent so he told Anna and she called him crazy. Anna began pregnant shortly after this.
On September 2, 1913, Hans went to the apartment him and Anna had been pretending to live in as a married couple. Hans slit Anna's throat while she was sleeping and then drank her blood. He also raped her while she bled and dismembered her body, throwing pieces of it into the river.
Anna's torso washed up on Cliffside Park and Weehawken, New Jersey. Hans had used a pillowcase to wrap part of Anna's body and there was still a tag on it. This was traced to Hans, after he had bought the pillowcases on August 26, 1913 using the name A. Van Dyke.
Police staked out the apartment for three days, but Hans did not return so they broke into the apartment to search it. The floors had recently been scrubbed, but dried blood was found on the walls. A bloody knife was found in the kitchen. Men's clothing with the name A. Van Dyke sewn into the clothes were found, but letters in the apartment were addressed to Hans Schmidt.
Lots of the letters were sent from women in Germany, but most of them were sent from Anna. This led the police to the address Anna had provided, but she was not there. They traced everything back to Hans who had admitted immediately that he killed Anna.
Hans plead guilty by reason of insanity. Due to his family's history with mental illness many thought he was insane. However, many people who interacted with Hans did think he was sane. This led to a hung jury in December 1913.
The second trial began two weeks later and it was found that Hans had actually taken out a $5000 life insurance policy in a woman's name of Bertha Zech, who was posing as Anna.
On February 5, 1914, after three hours, the jury found Hans guilty of first degree murder. He was sentenced to death. In December 1914, Hans admitted he was faking being insane during the trials. He also accused Ernest, the dentist he was having an affair with of accidentally killing Anna while performing an abortion.
On February 18, 1916, Hans went in the electric chair at Sing Sing. In a muffled voice, his last words were saying goodbye to his mother. Hans' family wanted to ship his body to Germany, but because of World War I it was impossible to do so. Hans was buried in New York, but his family requested that the location be a secret.
Hans has been suspected in at least 4 other murders. He had been seen with a woman named Helen Green, who then disappeared. She was never found. Hans was also seen with a woman he claimed was his wife when he first moved to the US. This woman disappeared.
The apartment Hans lived in he was seen with a 5 year old boy in his living room by the owner of the building. Hans said the boy was his son, but he then disappeared. He told the owner his son's name was August Van Dyke.
Hans was a suspect in the murder of 9 year old Alma Kellner, whose body was found burned in the basement of St. John's Church in Louisville, Kentucky, which he worked. Her body had been burned and the killer attempted to dismember her.
It was eventually discovered that the church janitor, Joseph Wendling was responsible. He was sentenced to life in prison, but Alma's uncle requested for him to be pardoned and he was deported to France in 1935.
20 notes · View notes
russpals · 8 months
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Feodorovsky Gorodok and Feorodovsky Cathedral
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FEODOROVSKY GORODOK
Across Alexander Park, down the path from the Alexander Palace, is Feodorovsky Gorodok, a tiny old Russia-style town built by Nicholas II in the first decade of the 20th century. The Tzar wanted the town to have the atmosphere of an old Russian town. This historic atmosphere would frame the Alexander Palace.
The Feodorovsky Gorodok (Town), included the Feodorovsky Sovereign Cathedral, the Martial Chamber, the infirmary of Grand Duchesses Anastasia and Maria, the former barracks of His Imperial Majesty’s Own Convoy, and the Tsar’s Railway Pavilion.  There was much more Nicholas wanted to do in the Gorodok, but the First World War halted his plans, while the revolution ended them completely. The buildings surviving unchanged are the Feodorovsky Cathedral and the Martial Chamber (now the Museum of the History of the First World War).
Reportedly, the restoration of the Gorodok has begun. The area has not been completely abandoned: A fully functioning privately owned restaurant is in one of the courtyards. The former Grand Duchesses Maria and Anastasia’s infirmary and the buildings in the courtyard behind it have been converted to boarding rooms for the elderly who are too poor to afford housing and food.
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1. The Tsarkoe Selo Train Station as it stood in the 20th century 2. What is left of the station, which is being restored
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3. The barracks of his Imperial Majesty's Own Convoy
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4. Maria and Anastasia's Infirmary. 5. Maria and Anastasia posing with officers at the entrance of the infirmary.
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6. Badly damaged wall and tower. 7. Restoration work taking place.
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FEODOROVSKY SOVEREIGN CATHEDRAL
The foundation of the Cathedral was laid on 20 August 1909, in the presence of Emperor Nicholas II and his family. The construction was financed by the tsar’s family. 
The Feodorovsky Sovereign Cathedral became the house church for Emperor Nicholas II and his family.  The Cathedral consisted of two churches, the upper which included the main altar dedicated to the Feodorovsky Icon of Our Lady and a side-chapel consecrated in honor of the Moscow Metropolitan Alexis, the all-Russia Miracle-Worker. The lower part of the Cathedral housed a Cave Church with the altar consecrated in the name of Saint Serafim of Serov the Miracle-Worker, and the private chapel of Emperor Nicholas II and Empress Alexandra Feodorovna. The Feodorovskaya icon of Our Lady, the main icon of the Cathedral, is the patroness of the Romanov dynasty. The icon was kept in the upper church.
In 1913-1917 the Martial Chamber complex was built near the cathedral. At the start of the war against Germany in 1914 it was decided to open a portrait gallery of the holders of the St. George Cross in the Chamber building. In 1918 the art collections were divided among various museums in Leningrad.
In 1991 the Feodorovky Sovereign Cathedral opened its doors to believers again. The entire complex of buildings is closely connected with the Russian Orthodox Church and with the life of the last Russian Emperor; the church allocates funds for the restoration work. The Feodorovsky Sovereign Cathedral was reconsecrated on 29 February 1992. Regular liturgies are carried out in the Cave Church. Renovation of the Cathedral was finished in 2013, the 300th anniversary of its original construction.
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Inside view - the icons of Alexandra and Nicholas can be seen in the background
Main entrance
Outside view of the cathedral and a bust dedicated to Nicholas II
A view of the inside
Entrance to the "cave church" where the Emperor and his family worshipped
The Emperor's Stairs (to the lower church)
The lower church as it looks today. No photos were located for the intimate atmosphere of this chapel to be recreated. The design is modern.
12 notes · View notes
docpiplup · 8 months
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EMDT Historical Tournament
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Character 1
Complete name: Enriqueta Martí Ripoll "La Vampira del Raval" (San Feliú de Llobregat, February 2, 1868 – Barcelona, ​​May 12, 1913)
Status/Proffesion/Charge: Medicaster, prostitute, pimp and serial killer (allegedly)
Actress: María Rodríguez
Episodes: 2×06, Tiempo de magia
2×09, Óleo sobre tiempo
2×10, Separadas por el tiempo
Character 2
Complete name: Félix Lope de Vega y Carpio (Madrid, November 25, 1562-Madrid, August 27, 1635)
Status/Proffesion/Charge: Writer, poet and playwright, priest and knight of the Order of Malta
Actor: Víctor Clavijo
Episodes: 1×02, Tiempo de gloria
2×03, Tiempo de hidalgos
3×05, Tiempo de esplendor
8 notes · View notes
theroyalfanzine · 10 days
Text
Queen Victoria's Currently living Eldest Decendants and Eldest Ever Descendants
This list is as of 19 April 2024
CURRENTLY LIVING
The Lady Pamela Hicks (19 April 1929) (95 years, 0 months, 0 days)
Princess Astrid, Mrs. Ferner (12 February 1932) (92 years, 2 months, 7 days)
Count Bertram Friedrich zu Castell-Rüdenhausen (12 July 1932) (91 years, 9 months, 7 days)
Mrs. Anne Mary Sibylla Liddell-Grainger (28 July 1932) (91 years,8 months, 22 days)
Princess Caroline Mathilde Adelheid Sibylla Marianne Erika von Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha (5 April 1933) (91 years, 0 months, 14 days)
Princess Dorothea Charlotte Karin of Hesse (24 July 1934) (89 years, 8 months, 26 days)
Princess Margaretha Désirée Victoria, Mrs. Ambler (Sweden, 31 October 1934) ( 89 years, 5months, 13 days)
Countess Viktoria Adelheid Clementine Louise von Castell-Rüdenhausen-Von Huntington-Whiteley (26 Februrary 1935)(89 years, 1 months, 24 days)
Prince Edward George Nicholas Paul Patrick, The Duke of Kent (9 October 1935) (88 years, 6 months, 10 days)
Miss Elizabeth Alice Abel Smith (5 September 1936) (87 years, 7 months, 14 days)
Eldest LIVED Descendants:
On 12 June 2025, Princess Astrid, Mrs. Ferner will join this list if she is still living.
Prince Philip, The Duke of Edinburgh (10 June 1921-9 April 2021) ( 99 years, 10 months, 11 days)
Princess Alice of Albany, Countess of Athlone (25/02/1883-03/01/1981) (97 years, 10 months, 10 days)
Queen Elizabeth II of The United Kingdom (21 April 1926-8 September 2022) ( 96 years, 4 months, 18 days)
King Mihai I of Romania (25/10/1921-05/12/2017) ( 96 years, 1 month, 11 days)
Count Carl Johan Bernadotte af Wisborg (Sweden) (31/10/1916-05/05/2012) (95 years, 6 months, 5 days )
The Lady Pamela Hicks (19 April 1929) (95 years, 0 months, 0 days)
Count Sigvard Bernadotte af Wisborg (of Sweden) (07/06/1907-04/02/2002) (94 years, 7 months, 28 days )
Lady Katherine Brandram (Princess of Greece and Denmark) (04/05/1913 02/10/2007) ( 94 years, 4 months, 27 days )
Infanta Dona Beatriz   Isabel Federica Alfonsa Eugénie Cristina Maria Teresia Bienvenida Ladislàa   of Spain, The Princess of Civitella-Cesi   (22/06/1909-22/11/2002) (93 years, 5 months, 1 day)
Patricia Edwina Victoria Mountbatten- Knatchbull  , The 2nd Countess Mountbatten of Burma (14/02/1924-13/06/2017) ( 93 years, 4 months)
FACTS:
The Duke of Edinburgh is the husband  and third cousin of Queen Elizabeth II, first cousin of Lady Katherine Brandram,  The Countess Mountbatten of Burma & Lady Pamela (Mountbatten) Hicks & uncle to Princess Dorothea Charlotte Karin of Hesse.  He is also a 1st cousin 1x removed of  Queen Sofia of Spain, King Constantine II of the Helenes and Princess Irene of Greece & Denmark and The Duke of Kent (The Duke of Kent’s mother Marina was The Duke of Edinburgh’s first cousin).
Queen Elizabeth II is a 3rd cousin of The Countess Mountbatten of Burma, Lady Pamela Mountbatten, The Duke of Edinburgh. She is the wife of The Duke of Edinburgh. Through her marriage, she is an aunt to  Princess Dorothea Charlotte Karin of Hesse. She is a first cousin of The Duke of Kent.
Lady Pamela Hicks is a 3rd cousin of Queen Elizabeth II, a first cousin of  The Duke of Edinburgh, her big sister was The Countess Mountbatten of Burma.
Princess Astrid, Mrs. Ferner is a third cousin of The Countess Mountbatten of Burma, The Duke of Edinburgh, Queen Elizabeth II & Lady Pamela Hicks.
The Countess of Althorne was the last surviving grandchild of Queen Victoria. By her marriage,  The Countess of Althorne was also a great aunt of Queen Elizabeth II-she married QEII’s grandmother’s brother
King Mihai I of Romania was the last monarch of Romania, he was also a great grandchild of Queen Victoria twice-once through his mother (via Victoria, Princess Royal) and once through his father (via Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha)
Sweden’s Count Carl Johan Bernadotte af Wisborg & Count Sigvard Bernadotte af Wisborg were brothers as well as uncles to King Carl XVI Gustaf, Princess Margareta, Mrs. Ambler, Princess Birgitta of Sweden, Princess of Hohenzollern,  Princess Désirée, Baroness Silfverschiöld,  Princess Christina, Mrs. Magnuson, Queen Margrethe II of Denmark, Princess Benedikte of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg & Queen Anne-Marie of Greece.
Countess Viktoria Adelheid Clementine Louise von Castell-Rüdenhausen-Von Huntington-Whiteley  was a great granddaughter of Prince Leopold, The Duke of Albany, thus a great great granddaughter of Queen Victoria. She is also the younger sister of  Count Bertram Friedrich zu Castell-Rüdenhausen.
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Grand Central Terminal was opened in New York City on February 2, 1913.  
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United States Patent and Trademark Office​
0462795 – July 16, 1891 – Method Of Producing Rain-Fall
803180 – October 31, 1905 – Means for Producing High Potential Electrical Discharges
1103490 – August 6, 1913 – Rain-Maker
1225521 – September 4, 1915 – Protecting From Poisonous Gas In Warfare
1279823 – September 24, 1918 – Process and Apparatus for Causing Precipitation by Coalescence of Aqueous Particles Contained in the Atmosphere
1284982 – November 19, 1918 – Process and Apparatus for Procuring and Stimulating Rainfall
1338343 – April 27, 1920 – Process And Apparatus For The Production of Intense Artificial Clouds, Fogs, or Mists
1358084 – November 9, 1920 – Method of Producing Fog-Screens
1619183 – March 1, 1927 – Process of Producing Smoke Clouds From Moving Aircraft
1665267 – April 10, 1928 – Process of Producing Artificial Fogs
1892132 – December 27, 1932 – Atomizing Attachment For Airplane Engine Exhausts
1895765 – January 31, 1933 – Artificial Production of Fog
1928963 – October 3, 1933 – Electrical System And Method
1957075 – May 1, 1934 – Airplane Spray Equipment
1993316 – March 5, 1935 – Apparatus for and Method of Producing Oil Fog
2052626 – September 1, 1936 – Method of Dispelling Fog
2097581 – November 2, 1937 – Electric Stream Generator – Referenced in 3990987
2173756 – September 19, 1939 – Process of Producing Fog or Mist by Partial and Flameless Combustion
2352677 – July 4, 1944 – Artificial Fog Production
2476171 – July 18, 1945 – Smoke Screen Generator
2409201 – October 15, 1946 – Smoke Producing Mixture
2480967 – September 6, 1949 – Aerial Discharge Device
2527230 – October 24, 1950 – Method of Crystal Formation and Precipitation
2527231 – October 24, 1950 – Method of Generating Silver Iodide Smoke
2550324 – April 24, 1951 – Process For Controlling Weather
2582678 – June 15, 1952 – Material Disseminating Apparatus For Airplanes
2611992 – September 30, 1952 – Engine Exhaust Operated Fluent Material Distributor
2614083 – October 14, 1952 – Metal Chloride Screening Smoke Mixture
2633455 – March 31, 1953 – Smoke Generator
2688069 – August 31, 1954 – Steam Generator – Referenced in 3990987
2721495 – October 25, 1955 – Method And Apparatus For Detecting Minute Crystal Forming Particles Suspended in a Gaseous Atmosphere
2730402 – January 10, 1956 – Controllable Dispersal Device
2903188 – April 2, 1956 – Control of Tropical Cyclone Formation
2756097 – July 24, 1956 – Process for Weather Control
2801322 – July 30, 1957 – Decomposition Chamber for Monopropellant Fuel – Referenced in 3990987
2835530 – May 20, 1958 – Process for the Condensation of Atmospheric Humidity and Dissolution of Fog
2871344 – January 27, 1959 – Long Distance Communication System
2881335 – April 7, 1959 – Generation of Electrical Fields
2908442 – October 13, 1959 – Method For Dispersing Natural Atmospheric Fogs And Clouds
2962450 – November 29, 1960 – Fog Dispelling Composition
2963975 – December 13, 1960 – Cloud Seeding Carbon Dioxide Bullet
3019989 – February 6, 1962 – Atmospheric Space Charge Modification
2986360 – May 30, 1962 – Aerial Insecticide Dusting Device
3046168 – July 24, 1962 – Chemically Produced Colored Smokes
3056556 – October 2, 1962 – Method of Artificially Influencing the Weather
3126155 – March 24, 1964 – Silver Iodide Cloud Seeding Generator
3127107 – March 31, 1964 – Generation of Ice-Nucleating Crystals
3131131 – April 28, 1964 – Electrostatic Mixing in Microbial Conversions
3140207 – July 7, 1964 – Pyrotechnic Composition
3174150 – March 16, 1965 – Self-Focusing Antenna System
3234357 – February 8, 1966 – Electrically Heated Smoke Producing Device
3274035 – September 20, 1966 – Metallic Composition For Production of Hydroscopic Smoke
3284005 – November 8,1966 – Weather Control by Artificial Means
3300721 – January 24, 1967 – Means For Communication Through a Layer of Ionized Gases
3313487 – April 11, 1967 – Cloud Seeding Apparatus
3338476 – August 29, 1967 – Heating Device For Use With Aerosol Containers
3375148 – March 26, 1968 – Pyrotechnics Comprising Silver Iodate, Ammonium Nitrate, Nitrocellulose and Nitrate Esters
3378201 – April 16, 1968 – Method for Precipitating Atmospheric Water Masses
3410489 – November 12, 1968 – Automatically Adjustable Airfoil Spray System With Pump
3418184 – December 24, 1968 – Smoke Producing Propellant
3429507 – February 25, 1969 – Rainmaker
3432208 – November 7, 1967 – Fluidized Particle Dispenser
3441214 – April 29, 1969 – Method And Apparatus For Seeding Clouds
3445844 – May 20, 1969 – Trapped Electromagnetic Radiation Communications System
3456880 – July 22, 1969 – Method Of Producing Precipitation From The Atmosphere
3518670 – June 30, 1970 – Artificial Ion Cloud
3517512 – June 30, 1970 – Apparatus for Suppressing Contrails
3534906 – October 20, 1970 – Control of Atmospheric Particles
3545677 – December 8, 1970 – Method of Cloud Seeding
3564253 – February 16, 1971 – System And Method For Irradiation Of Planet Surface Areas
3587966 – June 28, 1971 – Freezing Nucleation
3595477 – July 27, 1971 – Fog Dispersing Method and Compositions
3601312 – August 24, 1971 – Methods of Increasing The Likelihood oF Precipitation By The Artificial Introduction Of Sea Water Vapor Into The Atmosphere Winward Of An Air Lift Region
3608810 – September 28, 1971 – Methods of Treating Atmospheric Conditions
3608820– September 20, 1971 – Treatment of Atmospheric Conditions by Intermittent Dispensing of Materials Therein
3613992 – October 19, 1971 – Weather Modification Method
3630950 – December 28, 1971 – Combustible Compositions For Generating Aerosols, Particularly Suitable For Cloud Modification And Weather Control And Aerosolization Process
USRE29142 – May 22, 1973 – Combustible compositions for generating aerosols, particularly suitable for cloud modification and weather control and aerosolization process
3659785 – December 8, 1971 – Weather Modification Utilizing Microencapsulated Material
3666176 – March 3, 1972 – Solar Temperature Inversion Device
3677840 – July 18, 1972 – Pyrotechnics Comprising Oxide of Silver For Weather Modification Use
3690552 – September 12, 1972 – Fog Dispersal
3722183 – March 27, 1973 – Device For Clearing Impurities From The Atmosphere
3748278 – July 24, 1973 – Process and Agents Having an Influence on the Weather
3751913 – August 14, 1973 – Barium Release System
3769107 – October 30, 1973 – Pyrotechnic Composition For Generating Lead Based Smoke
3784099 – January 8, 1974 – Air Pollution Control Method
3785557 – January 15, 1974 – Cloud Seeding System
3788543 – January 29, 1974 – Uniform Size Particle Generator
3795626 – March 5, 1974 – Weather Modification Process
3802971 – April 9, 1974 – Pyrotechnic Formulations for Weather Modification Comprising a Mixture of Iodates
3808595 – April 30, 1974 – Chaff Dispensing System
3813875 – June 4, 1974 – Rocket Having Barium Release System to Create Ion Clouds In The Upper Atmosphere
3835059 – September 10, 1974 – Methods of Generating Ice Nuclei Smoke Particles For Weather Modification And Apparatus Therefore
3835293 – September 10, 1974 – Electrical Heating Apparatus For Generating Super Heated Vapors
3858805 – January 7, 1975 – Ice Nucleation by Micas
3877642 – April 15, 1975 – Freezing Nucleant
3882393 – May 6, 1975 – Communications System Utilizing Modulation of The Characteristic Polarization of The Ionosphere
3887580 – June 3, 1975 – Method of Crystallization of Water in Supercooled Clouds and Fogs and Reagent Useful in Said Method
3896993 – July 29, 1975 – Process For Local Modification of Fog And Clouds For Triggering Their Precipitation And For Hindering The Development of Hail Producing Clouds
3899129 – August 12, 1975 – Apparatus for generating ice nuclei smoke particles for weather modification
3899144 – August 12, 1975 – Powder contrail generation
3915379 – October 28, 1975 – Method of Controlling Weather
3940059 – February 24, 1976 – Method For Fog Dispersion
3940060 – February 24, 1976 – Vortex Ring Generator
3990987 – November 9, 1976 – Smoke generator
3992628 – November 16, 1976 – Countermeasure system for laser radiation
3994437 – November 30, 1976 – Broadcast dissemination of trace quantities of biologically active chemicals
4042196 – August 16, 1977 – Method and apparatus for triggering a substantial change in earth characteristics and measuring earth changes
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4009828 – March 1 1977 – Organic Nucleating Agent for both Warm and Cold Clouds
4035726 – July 12, 1977 – Method of controlling and/or improving high-latitude and other communications or radio wave surveillance systems by partial control of radio wave et al
4096005 – June 20, 1978 – Pyrotechnic Cloud Seeding Composition
4129252 – December 12, 1978 – Method and apparatus for production of seeding materials
4141274 – February 27, 1979 – Weather modification automatic cartridge dispenser
4167008 – September 4, 1979 – Fluid bed chaff dispenser
4347284 – August 31, 1982 – White cover sheet material capable of reflecting ultraviolet rays
4362271 – December 7, 1982 – Procedure for the artificial modification of atmospheric precipitation as well as compounds with a dimethyl sulfoxide base for use in carrying out said procedure
4373391 – February 15, 1983 – Relative Humidity Sensitive Material
4396152 – August 2, 1983 – Aerosol Dispenser System
4402480 – September 6, 1983 – Atmosphere modification satellite
4412654 – November 1, 1983 – Laminar microjet atomizer and method of aerial spraying of liquids
4415265 – November 15, 1983 – Method and apparatus for aerosol particle absorption spectroscopy
4470544 – September 11, 1984 – Method of and Means for weather modification
4475927 – October 9, 1984 – Bipolar Fog Abatement System
4600147 – July 15, 1986 – Liquid propane generator for cloud seeding apparatus
4633714 – January 6, 1987 – Aerosol particle charge and size analyzer
4643355 – February 17, 1987 – Method and apparatus for modification of climatic conditions
4653690 – March 31, 1987 – Method of producing cumulus clouds
4684063 – August 4, 1987 – Particulates generation and removal
4686605 – August 11, 1987 – HAARP Patent / EASTLUND PATENT – Method and apparatus for altering a region in the earth’s atmosphere, ionosphere, and/or magnetosphere
4704942 – November 10, 1987 – Charged Aerosol
4712155 – December 8, 1987 – Method and apparatus for creating an artificial electron cyclotron heating region of plasma
4742958 – May 10, 1988 – Method for Making Artificial Snow
4744919 – May 17, 1988 – Method of dispersing particulate aerosol tracer
4766725 – August 30, 1988 – Method of suppressing formation of contrails and solution therefor
4829838 – May 16, 1989 – Method and apparatus for the measurement of the size of particles entrained in a gas
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4948257 – August 14, 1990 – Laser optical measuring device and method for stabilizing fringe pattern spacing
1338343– August 14, 1990 – Process and Apparatus for the production of intense artificial Fog
4999637 – March 12, 1991 – Creation of artificial ionization clouds above the earth
5003186 – March 26, 1991 – Stratospheric Welsbach seeding for reduction of global warming
5005355 – April 9, 1991 – Method of suppressing formation of contrails and solution therefor
5038664 – August 13, 1991 – Method for producing a shell of relativistic particles at an altitude above the earths surface
5041760 – August 20, 1991 – Method and apparatus for generating and utilizing a compound plasma configuration
5041834 – August 20, 1991 – Artificial ionospheric mirror composed of a plasma layer which can be tilted
5056357 – October 15, 1991- Acoustic method for measuring properties of a mobile medium
5059909 – October 22, 1991 – Determination of particle size and electrical charge
5104069 – April 14, 1992 – Apparatus and method for ejecting matter from an aircraft
5110502 – May 5, 1992 – Method of suppressing formation of contrails and solution therefor
5156802 – October 20, 1992 – Inspection of fuel particles with acoustics
5174498 – December 29, 1992 – Cloud Seeding
5148173 – September 15, 1992 – Millimeter wave screening cloud and method
5242820 – September 7, 1993 – Army Mycoplasma Patent Patent
5245290 – September 14, 1993 – Device for determining the size and charge of colloidal particles by measuring electroacoustic effect
5286979 – February 15, 1994 – Process for absorbing ultraviolet radiation using dispersed melanin
5296910 – March 22, 1994 – Method and apparatus for particle analysis
5327222 – July 5, 1994 – Displacement information detecting apparatus
5357865 – October 25, 1994 – Method of cloud seeding
5360162 – November 1, 1994 – Method and composition for precipitation of atmospheric water
5383024 – January 17, 1995 – Optical wet steam monitor
5425413 – June 20, 1995 – Method to hinder the formation and to break-up overhead atmospheric inversions, enhance ground level air circulation and improve urban air quality
5434667 – July 18, 1995 – Characterization of particles by modulated dynamic light scattering
5436039 – July 25, 1995 – Artificial Snow in an Aggregate Form of Snow Granules
5441200 – August 15, 1995 – Tropical cyclone disruption
5492274 – February 20, 1996 – Method of and Means for Weather Modification
5546183 – August, 13, 1996 – LIDAR Droplet Size Monitor for In-Flight Measurement of Aircraft Engine Exhaust Contrails, Droplets and Aerosols
5556029 – September 17, 1996 – Method of hydrometeor dissipation (clouds)
5628455 – May 13, 1997 – Method and apparatus for modification of supercooled fog
5631414 – May 20, 1997 – Method and device for remote diagnostics of ocean-atmosphere system state
5639441 – June 17, 1997 – Methods for fine particle formation
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5800481 – September 1, 1998 – Thermal excitation of sensory resonances
5912396 – June 15, 1999 – System and method for remediation of selected atmospheric conditions
5922976 – July 13, 1999 – Method of measuring aerosol particles using automated mobility-classified aerosol detector
5949001 – September 7, 1999 – Method for aerodynamic particle size analysis
5984239 – November 16, 1999 – Weather modification by artificial satellites
6025402 – February 15, 2000 – Chemical composition for effectuating a reduction of visibility obscuration, and a detoxifixation of fumes and chemical fogs in spaces of fire origin
6030506 – February 29, 2000 – Preparation of independently generated highly reactive chemical species
6034073 – March 7, 2000 – Solvent detergent emulsions having antiviral activity
6045089 – April 4, 2000 – Solar-powered airplane
6056203 – May 2, 2000 – Method and apparatus for modifying supercooled clouds
6315213B1 – June 21, 2000 – Method of modifying weather
6110590 – August 29, 2000 – Synthetically spun silk nanofibers and a process for making the same
6263744 – July 24, 2001 – Automated mobility-classified-aerosol detector
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2002009338 – January 24, 2002 – Influencing Weather Patterns by way of Altering Surface or Subsurface Ocean Water Temperatures
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6382526 – May 7, 2002 – Process and apparatus for the production of nanofibers
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6520425 – February 18, 2003 – Process and apparatus for the production of nanofibers
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20040060994 – April 1, 2004 – Method for Influencing Atmospheric Formations
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20070114298 – May 24, 2007 – Hurricane Abatement Method and System
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By Brian Handwerk, 11 May 2023
Mother’s Day is one of the year’s biggest greeting card occasions, but it definitely didn’t start out as a Hallmark holiday.
The Mother’s Day we celebrate on the second Sunday in May exists largely due to the incessant efforts — some might say maniacal single-mindedness — of a woman named Anna Jarvis.
But Jarvis wasn’t the first American to promote the idea.
Early attempts to get the holiday going focused on bigger social issues, such as promoting peace and improving schools.
But the version of the day that finally did catch on became its founder’s worst nightmare.
Early Mother’s Day celebrations
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Mother’s Day was initially launched by antiwar activists in 1872.
Julia Ward Howe, better remembered for writing "The Battle Hymn of the Republic," advocated a Mothers’ Peace Day on which pacifist women would gather in churches, social halls, and homes to listen to sermons or essays, sing, and pray for peace.
American cities like Boston, New York, Philadelphia, and Chicago held annual Mother’s Day services, centered on pacifism, every June 2 until about 1913.
But these faded away, as did the mothers’ pleas for peace when the world entered World War I.
Another early Mother's Day effort was led by teacher and principal Mary Towles Sasseen, of Henderson, Kentucky.
Her idea, launched in 1887, focused on schools:
Sasseen wrote a guide, Mother’s Day Celebrations, with the hope that school systems around the country would observe Mother’s Day receptions to strengthen ties between students, parents, and teachers.
But by the time she died in 1924, Sasseen’s Mother’s Day never made it far beyond Kentucky.
Who really founded Mother’s Day?
In February 1904, Frank Hering, a University of Notre Dame faculty member, football coach, and national president of the Fraternal Order of Eagles delivered a speech entitled “Our Mothers and Their Importance in Our Lives.”
It was the first public call to set aside a national day to honor mothers.
Although that organization still bills Hering and itself as the “true founders of Mother's Day,” his role in proposing the holiday was soon eclipsed by the tireless efforts of Jarvis to publicize and promote the holiday — and herself as the founder.
Jarvis’s labors, which made Mother’s Day a reality, began with a wish to honor her own mother — who had attended Julia Ward Howe’s gatherings and prayed, quite literally, for such a day to exist.
In 1908, when Jarvis organized the first official Mother’s Day celebrations in Grafton, West Virginia, and Philadelphia, she chose the second Sunday in May because it honored the anniversary of her mother’s death.
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As Jarvis’s campaigning rapidly expanded Mother’s Day observations across the country, she rejected the idea that Hering’s earlier suggestion had anything to do with it.
An undated 1920s statement entitled “Kidnapping Mother’s Day: Will You Be an Accomplice?” explained her attitude towards Hering:
“Do me the justice of refraining from furthering the selfish interests of this claimant, who is making a desperate effort to snatch from me the rightful title of originator and founder of Mother’s Day, established by me after decades of untold labor, time and expense.”
Jarvis, who never had children, acted partly out of ego, says Katharine Antolini, an historian at West Virginia Wesleyan College and author of Memorializing Motherhood: Anna Jarvis and the Struggle for Control of Mother's Day.
“Everything she signed was Anna Jarvis, Founder of Mother's Day. It was who she was."
How Mother’s Day became a national holiday
Jarvis had a point; she’s clearly the primary person responsible for launching the holiday as a national celebration.
Founding Mother’s Day and aggressively protecting her ownership of the holiday became her life’s work.
In her mission to win the holiday national recognition, Jarvis petitioned the press, politicians, churches, organizations, and individuals of influence including, notably, the wealthy Philadelphia department store magnate John Wanamaker.
Wanamaker embraced Jarvis’s idea and promoted a 10 May 1908 gathering at his department store, which Jarvis herself addressed.
The Philadelphia event drew a reported 15,000 people and each one received a free carnation — at least while they lasted. Mother’s Day was off and running.
Under relentless lobbying from Jarvis, state after state began to observe Mother’s Day.
In 1914, President Woodrow Wilson finally signed a bill designating the second Sunday in May as a legal holiday, Mother’s Day.
It was dedicated “to the best mother in the world, your mother.” The idea of honoring mothers was appealing.
General John “Black Jack” Pershing, commander of the American Expeditionary Forces, highlighted the value of the holiday in a general order he issued on 8 May 1918 asking officers and soldiers to write letters home on Mother’s Day.
He wrote: “This is a little thing for each one to do, but these letters will carry back our courage and affection to the patriotic women whose love and prayers inspire us and cheer us on to victory."
In 1934, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt got into the act.
The avid stamp collector sketched a design for a Commemorative Mother’s Day Stamp based on the famous “Whistler’s Mother” portrait.
Unfortunately for FDR, Anna Jarvis didn’t approve.
She found the design ugly and made clear her intention that the words “Mother’s Day” not adorn the stamp — they never did.
Mother’s Day and commercialization
Business owners like John Wanamaker and Philadelphia's florists likely saw Mother’s Day’s commercial potential from that very first Sunday in 1908.
But Jarvis had many strong opinions about how the holiday should and should not be celebrated.
Foremost among them was her hatred of profiteering, even by charitable institutions.
Just a few years after that first Philadelphia Mother’s Day, one story goes, Jarvis ordered a “Mother’s Day Salad” at Wanamaker’s Tea Room — and dumped it on the floor.
Jarvis meant the holiday to be one of quiet reflection and personal relations between mothers and children.
“To have Mother’s Day the burdensome, wasteful, expensive gift day that Christmas and other special days have become is not our pleasure," she wrote in the 1920s.
“If the American people are not willing to protect Mother’s Day from the hordes of money schemers that would overwhelm it with their schemes, then we shall cease having a Mother’s Day—and we know how.”
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If Jarvis really did have some plan to stop people from profiting off of Mother’s Day, that plan amounted to exactly nothing.
In 1948, Jarvis died in a Pennsylvania sanitarium, aged 84, penniless after spending her fortune fighting to maintain control over Mother’s Day.
Today, Mother’s Day isn’t just commercialized, it’s a retail juggernaut.
In fact, only Back-to-School and winter holidays inspire Americans to spend more money per person than Mother’s Day, according to the National Retail Federation.
The haul is over 30 billion dollars in all.
Hallmark profits handsomely from that spending; it’s the third biggest card-giving day of the year.
And, to the delight of florists, about three out of four people faithfully send mom flowers.
More than half of all celebrators also plan special outings for their mothers, gifting tickets to concerts and sporting events—or a day at the spa.
And Mother’s Day is also the busiest day of the year for restaurants, according to annual research surveys from the National Restaurant Association.
More than one in four people go out for a meal with mom each year, and many more at least order takeout so that no one has to spend the special day in the kitchen.
If the holiday has become a runaway moneymaker, Jarvis would have loathed, at least gathering around a table for those Mother’s Day meals offers children a chance to personally honor their moms in the way she always intended.
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if-you-fan-a-fire · 1 year
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"LONG SESSION OF THE CITY COUNCIL," Kingston Daily Standard. February 18, 1913. Page 2. --- Little Business Discussed Besides Paving. ---- Agreement Between City and Buffalo Smelting Company For Lease of Land Ratified. ---- At the meeting of the City Council last night little business was transacted aside from the consideration of the report of the Board of Works in regard to paving Princess street. The Council did not adjourn until near 11.30, but of the whole three hours and a half that the session lasted over an hour and a half was taken up with discussion on this matter.
In addition to the regular reports submitted the Industries Committee submitted an agreement between the city and the Buffalo and Ontario Smelting Company for the lease and purchase of the three and a half acres of ground adjoining the smelter site. According to this agreement the city is to lease the property to the Smelting Company at a rent of $200, a year for two years, the Company at the expiration of that time to have the option of purchasing for $3,000. In the agreement it is stipulated that the Company must use the property for manufacturing purposes.
Ald. Bennett asked what the property cost the city. He was told that the whole parcel of land was purchased for $9,000. Part of this was sold to the North American Smelter Company for $3,000, While the city was losing $3,000, on the deal it was felt that it was worth this to the city to have two such industries located here.
Ald. Bennett then moved that River street be opened up from Orchard street in order that the city may have an outlet on the water front at this point. This motion was carried.
There was very little of importance in the reports of committees. The Civic Finance Committee recommended only the payment of accounts. while the Board of Works recommended the adoption of the work done by the Board last year. The Fire and Light report was passed in totem. the only change recommended was by Ald. Kent, who moved that the clauses in regard to the holding of bazaars and like events in the City Buildings be prohibited while stoves are used for heating, and that all future locations for moving picture shows be restricted to corners of streets, so as to allow exists on two streets, was defeated.
The report of the Utilities Committee was passed without charge. Ald. Stroud asked what was being done with the communication regarding the need of lights in Cataraqui ward, and was informed by the chairman. Dr. Ross that the matter of lighting this section of the city was being given careful consideration and that the question would be taken up as soon as the annual report from the department was received.
Ald. Bennett questioned the clause regarding the reduction of the cost of water to the General Hospital, Hotel Dieu and House of Providence He asked if anything were being done with a view to reducing the water rates of the Orphan's Home and House of Industry. He was informed that all charitable institutions were being considered in a general report which would be submitted shortly.
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citizenscreen · 1 year
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On February 2, 1913, New York City’s Grand Central Terminal opened for the first time. #OnThisDay #NYC
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