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teamwave1-blog · 4 years

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How To Use Multiple Speakers On One Home Theater Or Stereo Amplifier

This is ultimately easy, but before explaining the process I feel it is necessary to provide a warning. Multiple sets of speakers usually can not be hooked directly to a standard audio amplifier without some sort of impedance matching device. This is in reference to those persons whom might want to run speakers in several rooms at the same time (distributed audio). If several sets of speakers are run from one set of speaker terminals the amplifier will usually overheat and shut down, and may blow the output stage (see footnote 1). These remarks do not apply to PA style amplifiers with 25 or 70 volt outputs, which require special speakers with transformers.

The correct solution is to use either an impedance matching speaker selector with the protection enabled, or use impedance matching in wall volume controls. Notice the underline in the sentence above. This is because most speaker selectors are made with a dangerous feature: a button, right in front, to disable the protection. If the switch was in back to prevent accidental deactivation of the speaker protection it would be much better. If the protection is accidentally switched off while running multiple pairs of speakers the amplifier will shut down, may blow output fuses, and very well may damage the output stage of the amplifier. There are really only 2 reasons to turn this switch off, the most relevant being that impedance matching volume controls are being used on ALL pairs of speakers. The other reason would be if only one pair of speakers are being run, making impedance matching unnecessary. In this event, though, leaving the protection switched in will make only a very small difference to the sound, so why not leave it on?

Remember it this way: only put one speaker per pair of terminals (usually red and black) on the amplifier. Do not try to use a surround amp to feed several rooms with one room on the center, one room on the rear surrounds etc. This is due to the way a surround receiver distributes the sound as you may end up with only the voice in one room and only the music in another! The correct hookup for a surround receiver puts surround sound in the main room and sound from the left and right main speakers is distributed. My recommendation for hooking up a surround receiver is as follows. Run the speaker selector from the front left and front right outputs on the amplifier. Hook your front left & right speakers to the first speaker switch on the speaker selector. You will need to re-balance your surround system by running the pink noise test as the speaker selector will decrease the output to the left and right speakers by a small amount. This allows running the main speakers & the other speakers connected to the speaker selector without one set being louder than the others. If your speaker selector has volume controls, you need to make sure when you use your surround system for movies the volume control is at the same setting it was when doing the pink noise test. You may hook the speaker selector to the 'b' speaker switch on the amplifier if speaker volume balance between your main left & right speakers and the rest of the speakers is not an issue.

Another variation is amplifiers with a direct speaker output for zone 2, 3, etc. These are set up to drive 1 pair of speakers, and must be used with impedance matching if more pairs are to be used. The zone outputs allow a second (or third etc) source, for example CD in one room and radio in another.

An impedance matching speaker selector provides multiple outputs from one input, and protects your amplifier from damage. Speaker selectors come with 4-12 outputs. As long as your amp has enough power, you can push as many sets of speakers as you want. Simply connect the speaker selector to your 'A' (or 'B') outputs and the rest of your speakers on the speaker selector. You can purchase speaker selectors with volume controls for each individual speaker. Another option is in wall impedance matching volume controls, which require no speaker selector. Most of these are set with jumpers at install time, providing the correct matching. If you want to run more pairs of speakers than the speaker selectors or volume controls are made for (usually 12 pairs max. depending on the hardware) you probably want a second amplifier to run the second set of volume controls (or speaker selector) from.

So, what is impedance and impedance matching? (Warning: semi technical material ahead)

The music signal to your speakers is called alternating current (or AC), because it varies polarity and voltage. This is in comparison to a battery, for example which produces a steady, or direct current. You may picture current as the amount of water flowing in a pipe (the wire) and voltage as the water pressure. Alternating current can be imagined as a flow that reverses direction and direct current as a steady flow in one direction. The analogy is not exact but is close enough to get a picture of what is happening. Standard house current in the US reverses direction (polarity) at an interval (or frequency) of 60 times per second, measures as 60 Hz (Hertz). If you visit our site you can see this article with explanatory diagrams included.

Your speakers have a certain amount of resistance to current. Imagine the resistance as a constriction in the pipe, limiting the flow. They have a DC resistance, termed the voice coil resistance, and resistance to AC is called impedance. Resistance and impedance values are measured in Ohms. Impedance is a complex sum of dc resistances, plus the resistance to various AC frequencies caused by capacitance and inductance (normal properties of electrical and electronic devices). It is usually specified for speakers as nominal impedance, and is referenced to particular frequencies . However, Just think of it as resistance to AC for practical purposes. This is usually rated at either 8 or 4 Ohms. Most home amplifiers prefer an 8 ohm impedance. Each time another speaker is added in parallel the impedance is reduced. Visualize several pipes connected together to the same pump, obviously the flow from the pump increases (up to the limit of the pumps capability). The amplifier is the pump. Two 8 ohm speakers reduce the impedance to 4 ohms, four 8 ohm speakers reduce the impedance to 2 ohms, and so forth.

An amplifier expects (most require) a certain amount of resistance to current flow. The lower the impedance, the more current flows through the output stage of a typical amplifier. This usually flows directly through a transistor (or other amplifying device) and damages the transistor or protective resistors in the output stage. If you get lucky it only blows an output stage fuse. The moral of the story is always use an impedance matching speaker selector, (or volume control) and your amplifier will always see a safe impedance load.

1 (footnote)

Why does the amplifier output stage blow? This is due to the nature of a typical amplifier. It must first be clear that an amplifier does not actually make the input signal bigger. What it does is recreate a larger (higher current and voltage) copy of the original signal, and puts that out to the speakers. It makes this copy from the power supply voltage, which is derived from the AC from the wall outlet. This voltage must be first converted to DC. If not done efficiently the amplifier will hum (because it doesn't know the words). The amplifier controls the power supply voltage by a sort of valve that controls the output voltage and current. These valves (transistors are usual, but may be integrated circuits, vacuum tubes, or other devices) are controlled by the input signal. In response to the input signal, the amplifying device allows more or less current (and/or voltage) flow through it to the output in an exact (hopefully) replica of the input signal. In order to have the majority of speakers work well with an amplifier, it needs a low output impedance (see the text above for a discussion of impedance). If the output impedance is too high, the frequency response will vary with the impedance of the speakers. This means that some sounds will be accented and some diminished from the levels they should be, and this effect will be different with every different set of speakers. In practical terms this means that, with the most commonly used circuit design, when the transistor (or other device) is fully on, it needs to pass almost all the power supply current available through it. This is the tricky part. The current flow is determined largely by the impedance of the speakers connected. Most amplifiers are designed to work with 8 ohm speakers, and may work into 4 ohms reasonably well. Some so called high current amplifiers may work well into 1 ohm. In other words, the amplifiers are designed that when the output transistors are passing the full current and voltage they can take, they are working into an expected value of impedance. When the impedance (ac resistance) of the connected speakers get too low, more current is allowed to pass through the amplifying device than it can take. It either burns up, or blows a fuse, or burns up emitter resistors, or some other form of damage occurs. Fusing often does not react fast enough to save the circuit. So why not design all systems to work into low impedances? Without going too far into it, this can result in huge cost increases. For example, for theoretically ideal performance into most of today's speaker systems, an amp should double it's power for every halving of impedance. So for 100 watts into 8 ohms, it must put out 200 into 4 ohms, 400 into 2 ohms, and 800 into one ohm(Remember,this is theoretically ideal, and almost no amplifiers can accomplish an actual doubling of power for a halving of load impedance). Most decent amplifiers today have significantly less than .5 ohms output impedance, so as to perform well with speakers that may drop to low impedances at some frequencies. Our theoretical amp, if made to operate into a .5 ohm load would need to have the capability to put out 1600 watts per channel without damaging anything (in the amplifier!). As you can imagine the cost of a good quality amplifier with this kind of capability is substantial. Now think about this: The average user of this massive amp, with 8 ohm speakers, will only see an average output wattage of 100 watts RMS (RMS stands for Root Mean Square, and is basically an average power measurement which is approximately 70 percent of peak power). For most users this would price the amp out of reach. Some amps are built to this type of standard, for the reason that there are speakers that drop as low as one ohm that sound much better if driven by a very high current amplifier. One such example is the Krell Evolution One, which is a monoblock. This means you need two for stereo. They will only set you back about $25,000 dollars each. For those who might think I am making this up, use Google to find prices on Krell monoblocks. https://teamwave.com/pipedrive-alternative

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sgadaaa · 4 years

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BEST DEEP CYCLE BATTERY LIST

1. Optima 8016 Bluetop starting And Deep Cycle Marine Battery

Optima 8016 Bluetop starting And Deep Cycle Marine BatteryOptima brings you the ultimate energy supply for boats and RV with heavy electric add-ons. The 12-Volt deep cycle marine battery with 750 bloodless-cranking amps is a famous desire for boat owners and capable of up to three instances extra recharges than some other marine batteries. It can be installed in nearly any role as it's miles spill-evidence.

The Bluetop Optima 8016 has a dual reason, that means it serves both deep cycle utility and the starting utility. It's miles maintenance-free and works well even in harsh climate. The particular spiral-cell technology guarantees now not only easy energy supply however additionally performance, excessive output and lengthy jogging time. Furthermore, it's far 15 times extra resistant to vibration making it more durable.

Some other outstanding function of this battery is that it has a reserve ability of a hundred and twenty minutes which gives you an ample amount of time to recharge it before decreasing its amps to a minimum degree.

2. Robust Max Battery Deep Cycle AGM Battery

mighty Max Battery Deep Cycle AGM BatteryBacked via a 30-day go back coverage and a complete 1-12 months warranty, amazing Max showcases a 12 Volt AGM marine battery with 35 amp hours capability. This AGM deep cycle battery is quite compact measuring simply 7.Sixty eight by way of 5.16 by 7.Thirteen inches and weighs simplest 23.5 pounds. Because of its mild-weight, it's far a famous choice for powering small boats. However, they are being used in quite a number packages beginning from patron electronics to transportable tools. The handle design makes it easy to carry round.

That is an AGM sealed battery and calls for no protection. Furthermore, it gives you the freedom to mount the battery everywhere that suits your surroundings with out fear of leakage. It may withstand shocks and vibration. The battery can resist each low and excessive temperatures making it a high-quality choice as a marine battery.

The ML-35-12 makes use of a calcium-alloy grid to save more power and boosts its overall performance for a longer time. Having stated that, it's miles well worth noting that after the battery is drained, it takes time to recharge.

3. Vmaxtanks sun Deep Cycle Rechargeable Battery

Vmaxtanks sun Deep Cycle Rechargeable BatteryIf you are seeking out a marine battery to be used with PV sun panels or inverters, Vmaxtanks deep cycle battery is one brilliant alternative with a lifestyles span of 8 to 10 years in waft mode. It packs a number of energy turning in one hundred twenty five amp hours on a 12-volt battery. This battery can be the best preference for powering your boat for lighting and a few appliances.

The battery is constructed with navy-grade custom made plates to ensure excessive overall performance and long life span. Being an AGM sealed battery, it's far renovation-free and gives you flexible mounting options. Moreover, it has the advantage of recharging fast. The battery is pretty long lasting as it could resist the impact of excessive vibration and shocks.

There may be an option to accumulate an additional battery calculator. It'll be beneficial in determining the range of batteries wanted on your unique AC or DC electricity necessities.

4. Optima 34M Bluetop Marine starting Battery

Optima 34M Bluetop Marine beginning BatteryOptima has mainly produced a battery this is designed to be used as a starting battery. It is a 12-Volt marine battery with 800 bloodless-cranking amps that may start an engine even in extreme weather conditions. It is really worth noting for boat proprietors that this battery has a blue pinnacle and a dark grey case and it's miles intended to be used when a devoted starting battery is needed and should never be used as deep biking utility not like the opposite Optima blue top with a mild grey case.

The battery has a reserve potential of 100 minutes for consistent performance and long jogging time. It boasts having 3 times greater recharges than different marine batteries. With no protection required, you could mount the battery in nearly any position as it's far sealed and resists against vibration.

The patented spiral mobile technology is environmentally friendly and guarantees safe usage. It also offers you the benefit of better reserve capacity ensuing in longer shelf-lifestyles.

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blogquest998 · 2 years

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Cat Jump Starter Cj1000dcp User Manual

The Cat® Professional Power Station is a jump starter, power supply, and air compressor in one. The 1000 PEAK Battery Amp Jump Starter has enough power to jump start most 12 volt vehicles including trucks and SUVs. The unit is also a 200 watt AC power station, to power tool chargers, laptops and small personal electronic devices. 3-in-1 1000Amp CAT Power Station with Jump Starter. Garageband 10.0.2 dmg. Costco.com DA: 14 PA: 50 MOZ Rank: 64. With the CAT CJ1000DCP Jump Starter and Power Station, easy roadside assistance is always within arm’s reach. Featuring integrated jumper cables and a 1000 peak amp jump starter, it’s powerful enough to start up even large V8-powered cars and trucks. The Cat CJ1000DCP Professional Power Station is a jump starter, power supply, and air compressor in one. The 1000 PEAK Battery Amp Jump Starter has enough power to jump start most 12 volt vehicles including trucks and SUVs. The unit is also a 200 watt AC power station, to power tool chargers, laptops and small personal electronic devices. CJ1000DCP QUICK START GUIDE REVERSE POLARITY ALARM When battery clamps are connected in reverse polarity, an audible alarm (continuous beep) will sound and the LCD screen will display the Reverse Polarity Indicator icon (please see Instruction Manual for details). DO NOT activate the jump starter. If this happens carefully disconnect the. User Manual; The CAT 1000 Peak Amp Professional Jump Starter is the ultimate source of portable power on the go. This professional grade jump starter features a 1000 peak amp jump starter able to jump start vehicles with engines up to 6.5L, a 120 PSI air compressor, Autostop™ functionality, an ultrabright 3 LED area light, a reverse polarity alarm and LCD digital readout screen, and 4 USB.

Cat Jump Starter Cj1000dcp User Manual Download

Cat Jump Starter Cj1000dcp User Manual Pdf

Cat Jump Starter Cj1000dcp Manual

1000 Amp Jump Starter CJ3000 The Cat® Professional 2000 PEAK Battery Amp Jump Starter has enough power to jump start most 12 volt vehicles including trucks and SUVs. The heavy-duty AGM internal battery is superior for cold-weather performance and long life. The unit features powder coated spark proof industrial grade metal clamps and a reverse polarity alarm and indicator. It also employs a heavy duty power switch to ensure safe operation. Other features include a 12V DC accessory outlet, LED area light and emergency flasher

1000 Amp Jump Starter

Helps to Jump-Start most 12 Volt Vehicles without the need for another vehicle.

12V DC Outlet

Alternate 12 Volt power source for on-site emergencies and charging needs.

2 Amp Charger

120 Volt built-in 2 Amp AC charger recharges unit with standard household extension cord.

Power Switch

Built-in Power Switch: Prevents power to the clamps until ready to Jump-Start.

Also Features:

Cat Jump Starter Cj1000dcp User Manual Download

Cat Jump Starter Cj1000dcp User Manual Pdf

Cat Jump Starter Cj1000dcp Manual

Reverse Polarity Alarm and LED Indicator: Alerts the user when connected in reverse 48' of Heavy Duty #4 Awg Cables: Provides better power transfer and longer reach

Tough Rugged Housing: Increased Durability Built-In Area Light and Emergency Flasher: For increased visibility and safety

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k-i-l-l-e-r-b-e-e-6-9 · 1 year

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AC/DC –T.N.T.

#AC/DC #Ultimate Volts #t.n.t.#Format: 3 x CD Unofficial Release Limited Edition Compilation Club Edition #Released: 2001 #Hard Rock Blues Rock #Classic rock #Hard rock #australia #Tracks 16-20: Canal+ TV Show Paris 30-03-2000.#The Ultimate Volts is a compilation of rarities and some unreleased tracks #Boxset of 3 digi-packs

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joyfuldelusionchaosvaliant · 2 years

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Science and Chemistry Classes

Record-breaking, ultrafast devices provide a step toward protecting the power grid from EMPs

Scientists from Sandia National Laboratories have announced a tiny, electronic device that can shunt excess electricity within a few billionths of a second while operating at a record-breaking 6,400 volts—a significant step toward protecting the nation's electric grid from an electromagnetic pulse.

The team published the fabrication and testing results of their device on March 10 in the scientific journal IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices. The team's ultimate goal is to provide protection from voltage surges, which could lead to months-long power interruptions, with a device that operates at up to 20,000 volts. For comparison, a household electric dryer uses 240 volts of electricity.

An electromagnetic pulse, or EMP, can be caused by natural phenomena, such as solar flares, or human activity, such as a nuclear detonation in the atmosphere. An EMP causes huge voltages in a few billionths of a second, potentially affecting and damaging electronic devices over large swaths of the country.

EMPs are unlikely, said Bob Kaplar, manager of a semiconductor device research group at Sandia, but if one were to occur and damage the huge transformers that form the backbone of our electric grid, it could take months to replace them and re-establish power to the affected portion of the nation.

"The reason why these devices are relevant to protecting the grid from an EMP is not just that they can get to high voltage—other devices can get to high voltage—but that they can respond in a couple billionths of a second," Kaplar said. "While the device is protecting the grid from an EMP, it's at a very high voltage and thousands of amps are going through it, which is a huge amount of power. A material can only handle so much power for a certain amount of time, but we think the material in our diode has some advantages over other materials."

A regulator valve for the grid

The new Sandia device is a diode that can shunt a record-breaking 6,400 volts of electricity within a few billionths of a second—a significant advancement toward being able to protect the nation's electric grid from an EMP. The team, including Sandia electrical engineer Luke Yates, the first author on the paper, is working towards fabricating a diode able to operate at around 20,000 volts, since most grid distribution electronics operate at around 13,000 volts.

Diodes are electronic components found in nearly every electronic device and serve as one-way regulator valves, said Mary Crawford a Sandia Senior Scientist leading diode design and fabrication for the project. Diodes allow electricity to flow in one direction through the device, but not the other. They can be used to convert AC power into DC power, and in this project, divert damaging high voltage away from sensitive grid transformers.

Kaplar agreed that the diode operates somewhat like a regulator valve in plumbing. He said, "In a regulator valve, even if you open that valve all the way, you can't flow an infinite amount of water through the valve. Similarly, there's a limit to how much current you can flow through our diode. If the valve on the pipe is closed, if the pressure reaches a certain point, it'll burst. Analogously, the diode cannot block an infinite voltage. However, our EMP device uses the point at which the diode can no longer block the high voltage, holds the voltage to that 'pressure,' shunting the excess current through itself, to the ground and away from the grid equipment in a controlled, non-destructive fashion."

The voltage surges caused by EMPs are a hundred times faster than those caused by lightning, so experts don't know if the devices designed to protect the grid against lightning strikes would be effective against an EMP, said Jack Flicker, a Sandia electric grid resiliency expert on the team.

"The electric grid has a number of different protections," Flicker added. "They range in timeframe from very fast to very slow, and they're overlaid on the electric grid to ensure that an event cannot cause a catastrophic outage of the electric grid. The fastest protection that we typically have on the grid reacts against pulses at one millionth of a second, to protect against lightning. For EMPs, we're talking ten billionths of a second, a hundred times faster."

The new Sandia device can react that quickly.

Growing perfect layers

Part of what makes the diode special is that it is made from gallium nitride, the same basic material used in LEDs, Kaplar said. Gallium nitride is a semiconductor, like silicon. But because of its chemical properties, it can hold off much higher voltage before it breaks down than silicon, Crawford said. The material itself also responds very quickly and therefore is a good candidate to achieve the fast response needed to protect the grid from an EMP.

Crawford and materials scientists Brendan Gunning and Andrew Allerman made the devices by "growing" gallium nitride semiconductor layers using a process called chemical vapor deposition, she said. First, they heat a commercially available gallium nitride wafer to around 1,800 degrees Fahrenheit and then add vapors that include gallium and nitrogen atoms. These chemicals form layers of crystalline gallium nitride on the surface of the wafer.

By tweaking the ingredients and the "baking" process, the team could produce layers with different electrical properties. By building up these layers in a specific order, combined with processing steps, such as etching and adding electrical contacts, the team produced devices with the needed behavior.

"A major challenge of achieving these very high voltage diodes is the need to have very thick gallium nitride layers," Crawford said. "The drift regions of these devices have thicknesses of about 50 microns, or 1/6th of a sheet of notebook paper. This may not sound like a lot, but the growth process we use can have growth rates of only one or two microns per hour. A second major challenge is maintaining very low densities of crystalline defects, specifically impurities or missing atoms in the semiconductor material, throughout the growth time in order to generate devices that work at these very high voltages."

For the team to reach their ultimate goal of a device that operates at 20,000 volts, they will need to grow the thick layer even thicker with even fewer defects, Crawford said. There are several other technical challenges to constructing a device that can operate at such high voltages and currents, she added, including designs to manage the very high internal electric fields within the devices.

Testing ultrafast diodes

Once Crawford's team fabricated the devices, Flicker and his team tested how the devices responded to fast voltage spikes, similar to what would occur during an EMP. His challenge has been modifying a tool to measure the very fast response time of the devices.

"Developing the tools that can accurately measure the very fast responses is very difficult," Flicker said. "If we're talking one or two billionths of a second, they need to be able to measure even faster than that, which is a challenge."

Flicker and his team used very specialized equipment to apply a high voltage pulse, and measure the electric pulse that is reflected back from the diode to tell when the device turns on, very accurately and in less than a billionth of a second.

Useful for smart transformers, solar panel converters and more

Diode devices like the Sandia gallium nitride diode can be used for other purposes, beyond protecting the grid from EMPs, Kaplar said. These include smart transformers for the grid, electronic devices to convert electricity from roof-top solar panels into power that can be used by household appliances, and even electric car charging infrastructure.

Commonly, solar panel converters and electric car charging infrastructure can handle 1,200 or 1,700 volts, he added. But operating at higher voltage allows for higher efficiencies and lower electricity losses. Another portion of the project is to develop diodes for these types of devices that operate at high, but not record-breaking voltage but are easier to manufacture, Kaplar said. The Naval Research Laboratory is leading this part of the project.

Some smart transformers and electronic devices can now operate at up to 3,300 volts, Flicker said, but efficiencies would be even greater if they could operate at 10,000 or 15,000 volts with one semiconductor device.

"We have this primary goal of protection of the electrical grid, but these devices have other uses beyond that," Flicker said. "It's interesting to have our application area, but know that these devices can be used in power electronics, power converters, everything that's at very high voltages."

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abhibediskar · 2 years

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The Top Workplace Hazards Under ISO 45001 Certification

Here are our top hazards that happen in work environments frequently. Even though there are a lot more risks on places of work, we feel that these lists need some consideration. Instruct yourself on what can cause possible hazards and set out to find out about how you can securely keep them from demolishing your day.

1. Slips, trips, and falls

Tumbles from tripping over potentially anything (lopsided floor surfaces, wet floors, free links, and so on) are effectively the most widely recognized reason for injuries at work. Managers need to fork over big bucks of money to take care of the expense of these disasters, and tragically, the majority of them could be forestalled assuming ISO 45001 Certification guidelines were kept appropriately. Businesses and working environments must ensure representatives are working in a protected environment.

2. Electrical

Any "live" wires can hurt individuals, regardless of whether they contact it straightforwardly, or in a roundabout way through some kind of leading item or material. Voltages north of 50 volts AC (120 volts DC) are viewed as dangerous and need to be treated seriously. Tragically, some electrical mishaps that occur at work every year are deadly. Shocks can cause extreme, long-lasting wounds. These are brought about by flawed gear that can be checked as a deterrent measure.

Also, Check -->> Ten Benefits of being ISO 45001 Certified

3. Fire

Organizations that have helpless housekeeping principles, community, and ineffectively kept up with equipment can be hurt more by flames. Alongside structures, individuals and stock can be impacted, and once again, wellbeing safety measures can be taken as an endeavor to stay away from such something dangerous from occurring. We as a whole presumably found out with regards to fire security in grade school, so having alarms and identifiers all through the structure need to be an easy decision. Testing these as often as possible is a method for guarding a structure, just as ensuring they'll in any case work on an alternate backup power supply, regardless of whether the power is out. Representatives should know about how the caution framework functions and legitimate getaway plans should be set up and spread the word about for all workers.

4. Physical hazards

This is to some degree a conventional work hazard to specify under ISO 45001 Certification, yet all at once, it's a significant one. Physical hazards are probably the most widely recognized risks, and they appear in the work environment again and again. Frayed electrical ropes, unguarded equipment, uncovered moving parts, vibrations, and working from stepping stools, framework, or statures.

5. Ergonomical hazards

At the point when the sort of work you do in addition to your body position or potentially working conditions generally put a strain on your body, that can turn into an ergonomic hazard. Since they don't in every case promptly influence you, this can be interesting to recognize. Monotonous, abnormal developments could be influencing your back, posture, and more. Ergonomics is utilized to decrease the mileage on your body that can ultimately make an assignment troublesome – or even difficult. To further develop proficiency, increment work fulfillment, and decrease the risk of weakness, momentary torment, or diseases, it's vital to join ergonomic standards inside the work environment. Having a fitting work pace gives the body time to recover later specific movements, such as lifting. Work breaks likewise give the body time to recover, and they furnish laborers with a psychological break, as well.

Also, Check -->> ISO 45001 Certification for Textile Industries

6. Chemical hazards

These are what can make restricted spaces so dangerous. At the point when you're presented to any substance planning (regardless of whether it's a strong, fluid, or gas), these can be expected chemical hazards. Cleaning items and solvents, fumes and exhaust, carbon monoxide, gas, and combustible materials are everything that can harm your wellbeing. Skin disturbances, consumption, eye wounds, and visual deficiency can happen if you don't watch out. Solvents can without much of a stretch burst into flames, and shower paint jars are equipped for detonating. Risky substances will be named and incorporate images with various class levels, so you'll realize that when will generally be careful. Continuously read these marks and follow the headings and precautionary measures definitively. Assuming that you don't have the foggiest idea how to accurately utilize an item, don't utilize it.

#ISO 45001 #ISO 45001 Certification #ISO 45001 Oh&S #OH&S #occupational health and safety management system #Work place safety

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furbytech · 6 years

Note

do u know like what kind of motor 2012s use n like where i could find one my furb habanero needs a new one and i have only a vague idea of what i need. in one post some1 said its a OLS 1D390 but whenever i search that i get very little or no results .i saw another website describe it as a 6v brushless dc motor so thts what ive been searching but im just confused still n scared to just get one that looks good

I’d like to preface this ask by saying that I have never replaced or needed to replace the motor in any kind of Furby, so I can’t really help in that regard. Additionally, in order to replace the motor, you need to know how to solder and have a basic understanding of how electrical circuits work so you can hook everything up correctly.

Ultimately, I think it’ll probably be much easier to leave your furb non-working. I can’t really provide in-depth technical advice for something I’ve never done before, and there’s so many different variables at play when selecting a replacement motor that things can get very difficult very quickly.

With that said, I would like to try and explain a little bit about battery-op motors! “6v brushless DC motor” is a pretty generic description for a motor- it’s DC (as opposed to AC), which means it’s set up to run on batteries and can rotate in either direction. It’s designed to run with 6 volts of power running through it, which is equivalent to 4 AA or AAA batteries (they’re 1.5 volts each). That’s pretty standard for all Furbies! I’m not so sure about the “brushless” part- that refers to some of the internal parts of the motor. I know that ‘98 furbs have brushed motors, so it wouldn’t be unreasonable to assume that 2012s also run on brushed motors. In the long run, it shouldn’t matter too much either way!

I was able to find some more specific info on the motor you mentioned (I googled “OLS 1D390 motor”), and it looks like it’s a super common all-purpose motor. It could probably work, depending on how large it is and how fast it spins. It wouldn’t hurt to buy one and check it out, since they’re pretty dang cheap!

#tech support #2012s #motor issues #i was going to answer this like an hour ago but i got distracted looking at motors on ebay #romeavesexual

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quadrantmodelquotes · 3 years

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Quadrant Model Book From 2013

I forgot to say this too M theory fits the quadrant pattern. There are four string theories and a fifth that is way different like God. The fifth is always like God. There are four ten dimensional string theories. There are also four bosonic string theories, the open and closed, oriented, the open and closed, unoriented, the closed, oriented, and the closed, unoriented bosonic string theories.

The five original string theories were combined by Edward Witten, forming M theory. In M theory. It’s a common but false notion that M theory requires 11 dimensions. According to string theorists, there doesn't need to be 11 dimensions; there can be three spatial and one time dimensions in M theory. It just takes different types of mathematics than the eleven dimensional versions. But physicists aren’t sure if M theory or the string theories are accurate. String theory is a Quantum Field Theory. Quantum Field Theories are the fourth domain of physics, and thus they do not seem to belong and are very different.

but actually it fulfills a quadrant

Back to navigation systems. Navigation systems, all you need are four satellites, three for space and one satellite for time and dealing with general relativity in the fourth dimension of time. So all your navigation systems are based off of four satellites in a three plus one formation.

Cars use four stroke engines for propulsion. The four strokes are the intake, compression, combustion, and the exhaust.

The four strokes of the four stroke engine

intake

combustion

compression

exhaust

Refrigerators have four components in quadrant formation. They are the compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator.

The four components of refrigerators

compressor

expansion valve

condenser

evaporator

In Physics Ohm’s Wheel explores the relationship between three electrical variables, voltage, current, and resistance. Ohm’s wheel represents four electrical measurements that are derived from the three electrical variables. The four electrical measurements are illustrated in quadrant formation in Ohm’s wheel and are amps, power, volts, and ohms.

Ohm’s Wheel

Amps

Volts

Power

Ohms

There are four core types of clouds according to Luke Howard. Goethe wrote four stanzas in tribute to these four cloud types. The fourth cloud type, Nimbus, Howard says was sort of a combination of the previous three. The fourth is always transcendent, yet often contains the first three. The fourth is always different. The core four cloud types are

Cirrus

Stratus

Cumulus

Nimbus

Robert’s Quartet is a compact galaxy group of four galaxies approximately 160 million light years away in the constellation Phoenix.

Stephan’s Quintet is a grouping of five galaxies of which four form the first compact galaxy group ever discovered.

Seyfert’s Sextet implies six galaxies, but only four are associated with each other, and the other two are extremely far away and not really connected with them, but from the perspective of Earth they look connected

The center star of the big dipper is Mizar. Mizar is a quadruple star system. The big dipper, in each of the four seasons, forms a crooked cross in the sky.

The trapezium star cluster is a group of four stars in the Orion nebula. Originally Galileo sketched an asterism of three stars in the Orion nebula. A fourth was later recognized about 50 years later. We see repeatedly that three plus one pattern.

Eric Dollard argues that there are four categories of electricity, in a model he calls the four quadrant representation of electricity. A lot of people recognize AC alternating current and DC direct current electricity. But Dollard says there is also IC impulse current, and OC oscillating current electricity.

AC alternating current

IC impulse current

DC direct current

OC oscillating current

In Arthur M. Young’s book the Geometry of meaning, Young outlines four number-folds that are pervasive in reality. He talks about the three fold, the four fold, the seven fold, and the twelve fold. But Young pays the most attention to the four fold, which he sees as the most significant.

Young notes that in introductory physics classes three derivatives of action are taught. There is position, velocity, and acceleration. But Young notes that the fourth derivative of action, jounce, is also significant. The fourth is different and transcendent, but it is also important. After four derivatives of action however, further derivatives of action are kind of meaningless. The fifth quadrant is always questionable in the quadrant model. Young goes over many series of fourfolds in his book. Another example is unconscious action, unconscious reaction, conscious action, and conscious reaction.

Young outlines four levels of existence. He illustrates that existence passes through seven sublevels or stages descending and ascending in V formation through these four levels of existence. Arthur Young says that there are four levels of existence. He describes that there are seven stages of evolution, creating a sort of lambda V formation descending then ascending within these four levels. Photons are the first level of existence. They have many degrees of freedom. The second stage of existence is nuclear particles which have less degrees of freedom than photons. The third stage of existence is atoms which have less degrees of freedom than nuclear particles. Finally, the fourth stage of existence, in the fourth level of existence, is molecules. Molecules have even less degrees of freedom. The passing between these four levels of existence is called by Young a "descent".

Then from this fourth level of existence there is an ascent back to the third level of existence. This is the fifth stage of existence. The fifth stage of existence, is back to level three and is plants. Plants have similar degrees of freedom to atoms, which are also in the third level of existence. Then there is an ascent from plants in the third level fifth stage, to animals, which are in the second level, sixth stage. Plants have similar degrees of freedom to nuclear particles. Plants and nuclear particles are in the second level of existence. Humans Young considers an animal, although an animal progressing to the final seventh stage of evolution and first level of existence, sort of the Kingdom of Heaven, where humanity returns to light, to the photon and ultimate freedom.

Arthur Young’s Four Levels of Existence

Descent Photon, ascent Kingdom of God

Descent atoms, ascent plant

Descent Nuclear particle, ascent animal

Descent molecules, ascent molecules- The Turning point

There are four types of black hole. They are stellar, intermediate, supermassive, and miniature.

There are four black hole solutions to the Einstein field equations. They are uncharged, non rotating Schwarzschild Black Holes, uncharged rotating Kerr Black Holes, charged non rotating Reissner Nordstrom Black Holes, and charged rotating Kerr-Newman Black Holes.

The Four Types of Black Holes

Schwarzschild Black Holes

Kerr

Kerr Black Holes

Kerr-Newman

I said this many times before over the years. In college I went to every class at UCSD. I remember the Professors and TAs giving quadrant examples that would blow your mind. All that they taught was the quadrant model pretty much. A lot of the examples I don't remember and I haven't found since. For instance I remember in biology class learning this amazing model on disease and it was a quadrant model. I recall sitting in a class and looking through my computer and finding an amazing quadrant example in relationship to molecular biology. And just I recall myriads of examples that I can't remember now and haven't found since. But trust me, it was everywhere and the quadrant model is the theory of everything.

Chapter 18: Quadrant Model Examples in Chemistry, The Second Quadrant Field of Science

I studied every class of physics at UCSD. As I described, for four years, since I spent an extra year studying at UCSD, I went to every class at UCSD, waking up at 8 in the morning and spending all day every day going from class to class. I would go to classes, all the different classes, all the different levels. All you see is the quadrant model. Same thing with chemistry.

But ok so we talked about physics now let's jump to chemistry. We'll talk about the orbitals. So in chemistry there are four orbitals, four possible orbitals. What an orbital is, is it's an area that the electron is more likely to be based on probability wise. So what are the orbitals? There's an S orbital, the p orbital the d orbital and the F orbitals

The S orbital is like a sphere. The P orbitals are like two spheres. Each one expands on the

other. So remember, the quadrant model is a holistic model. The d-orbital doesn't exist without the s and the p orbitals. The p orbital doesn't exist without the S orbital. They all

build upon each other. Then the F for orbital embraces all of them, and the f orbital is way different than other one's.

The Four Orbitals in Chemistry

Once again, scientists say there's a possible G orbital, and I think that definitely there should be a G orbital. But they haven't made it yet in a lab. They have to create it in a laboratory setting. The first four orbitals exist, and they are studied, and they naturally occur. The G orbital has not been created, but chemists say that with extreme conditions in laboratory settings a G orbital can be produced. what happens. They say that there definitely should be a G orbital. So once again, the fifth, it should be there. It's unnecessary though.

Then we have the laws of thermodynamics. There's four laws of thermodynamics. I also learned these four laws of thermodynamics in my physics course at UCSD. The first law is the increase in internal energy of a closed system is equal to the difference of heat supplied to the system, and the work done by it. It seems all complicated right. Science always seems complicated and weird. It’s the first quadrant oriented activity of inquiry. The second law of thermodynamics says heat cannot spontaneously flow from a colder location to the hotter. This is also called entropy. The third law of thermodynamics as a system approaches absolute zero, the entropy of the system approaches a minimum value. The zeroth law of thermodynamics seems different, right? It is, if two systems are each in thermal equilibrium with the third, they are also in thermal equilibrium with each other. These are laws of thermodynamics. These four laws describe all of thermodynamics. And they present themselves in a three plus one pattern where the fourth is different.

Then you have the thermodynamic potentials. I also learned these four thermodynamic potentials in my Chemistry class at UCSD. You have four thermodynamic potentials. You have the internal energy, Helmholtz free energy, enthalpy, and Gibbs free energy. How do

you get these? How do you get these different thermodynamic potentials? you have a

quadrant, and there's four natural variables. There's constant volume V, constant pressure P, constant entropy S, and constant temperature T. These are the four natural variables.

These four natural variables mix in different combinations to produce four potentials. What has constant volume and constant entropy is the internal energy potential. If you combine these two constants then you get internal energy. Okay then you know if you combine these

other constants and you get the other three thermodynamic potentials, making four in all

Constant volume, Constant entropy- Internal Energy

Constant Temperature, Constant Pressure- Enthalpy

Constant Volume, constant temperature- Helmholtz Free Energy

Constant Temperature Constant Pressure -Gibbs Free Energy

At UCSD and in chemistry classes everywhere all that is taught is these four thermodynamic potentials. Only four are needed. But as usual, there's a possible, questionable fifth. They

call it the grand potential right. The fifth is always ultra transcendent. It's like God. But it's unnecessary. All that is needed to describe all of chemistry is the four thermodynamic potentials.

The fifth thermodynamic potential is just an addition if people want to make things easier, but it adds nothing new. Kind of like the fifth kinematic equation. The fifth kinematic equation is not necessary to describe motion. All that is necessary is the first four equations. But the fifth kinematic equation can be used to make things easier.

So organic chemistry is all about carbon chemistry. That's what organic chemistry is. Interestingly in our body there's mainly carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen, these four elements. The Earth’s crust consists mainly of four elements, oxygen, silicon, aluminum, and iron. Same thing with our atmosphere. I watched teaching company courses where the Professors describe “four gases primarily comprise the Earth’s atmosphere”. There's mainly four elements, Nitrogen 78 percent, Oxygen 21 percent, Argon .9 percent, and Carbon Dioxide .03 percent. It all fits the quadrant model. There's actually 16 elements in the atmosphere. There are 16 squares in the quadrant mode.

Carbon has four valence electrons, and what does a carbon look like? In a diagram it has four spikes coming out of each of the four cardinal directions, making a quadrant. All life is based on carbon chemistry. Carbon is responsible for every living organism.

Everything in the earth, the sand on the beach, through the earth, is basically just a giant piece of silicon. Computers are all based on silicon. It’s the miracle element because it has four valence electrons. An SiO4 silicon oxygen tetrahedron is the primary component of most silicates in Earth’s crust. It is also interesting to note that water takes a tetrahedral structure. Tetra is four.

Let's look at the earth. The earth is all based on silicon chemistry. Also our computers are just completely based on silicon chemistry. Chemists call silicon the miracle element. Why is silicon such a miracle element? Because once more, it has four valence electrons, like carbon. Silicon makes a quadrant. Since carbon and silicon have four valence electrons, they are very versatile in their bonding capabilities.

The Four Main Elements of the Earth’s Crust

Oxygen

Aluminum

Silicon

Iron

The Four Primary Gases comprising the Earth’s Atmosphere

Nitrogen

Argon

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

If you look at the layers of soil, it fulfills the quadrant model. The soil profiles four distinct layers are the O horizon, the A horizon, the B horizon, and the C horizon. You look at the layers of the earth, you have the inner core, the outer core, the lower mantle, the mantle, and then the. The mantle, the third part, is the hardest. The third quadrant is always the hardest, the most physical. The third quadrant is a doer quadrant. The third part is the physical aspect.

The Four Layers of Soil

O horizon

B horizon

A horizon

C horizon

Everything in the earth, the sand on the beach, through the earth, is basically just a giant piece of silicon. Computers are all based on silicon. It’s the miracle element because it has four valence electrons and thus it is very versatile. An SiO4 silicon oxygen tetrahedron is the primary component of most silicates in Earth’s crust.

Chemist Linus Pauling developed hybridization theory in 1931 while he was trying to explain the structure of methane. Methane is a quadrant of four hydrogen atoms around a carbon atom. Pauling famously noticed that carbon atoms form their four bonds by using one s orbital and three p orbitals in a three plus one formation. Chemists do not know why this three plus one formation manifests in chemistry, but they do recognize that it is the basis for chemical bonding. I can tell them that now it is known why. It's because the quadrant three plus one pattern expresses itself ubiquitouly in reality, as reality is the quadrant reality.

Plichta noticed that in atoms the innermost orbit contains one pair of electrons, the next orbit has four pairs, the third orbit has nine pairs, and the fourth orbit has 16 pairs. He noted that these numbers are the squares of 1, 2, 3, and 4. Plichta studied the prime number cross, a fascinating phenomena in mathematics where the prime numbers form a cross, and he noticed within the prime number cross a 3 plus 1 pattern, and he found the same three plus one pattern in the nucleus of atoms. He later distinguished four groups of 19 atoms in the periodic table. These were atoms with atomic number divisible by 4, atoms with atomic number divisible by 2, atoms with atomic numbers that are divisible, and atoms with atomic numbers that are indivisible.

Plichta did not think it was a coincidence that the atoms divided into four groups of 19. He recognized that the Muslims see significance in the number 19 in that Bismillah, the phrase that starts almost every surah of the Quran, has 19 letters, and is composed of four words.

There is a Bible code, also called the Torah code, that Jews follow. Jews call it the Torah code because they do not acknowledge the New Testament. Fascinatingly within the Torah gematria and esoteric patterns there are many relationships to the cross. For instance, the middle letter of the torah is a tav, which is a cross. In the Book of Esther, the four letters of the tetragrammaton are hidden in numerical intervals four times throughout the book.

Rabbis say the reason the tetragrammaton is hidden in numerical intervals four times in the Book of Esther is because in the Book of Esther the name of the tetragrammaton is never mentioned, and the hidden four names represent the fact that even when it appears the tetragrammaton is not there, the tetragrammaton is always there. I think this is a good metaphor for the quadrant model. The quadrant was always there. It was in such plain sight people couldn't see it.

Well, there is also a Quran code, and it is centered around the four words and 19 letters of the Bismillah. Plichta somehow discovered the number 19 was significant in the Quran code and linked his discoveries about the atom to the Quran code. It is entertaining because I see these people making these connections between specific discrete things, and I want to tell them "hey can't you guys see, you are focusing on narrow topics, look broader, there is one pattern and it is not just in these specific domains you are recognizing, it is absolutely everywhere. It is the quadrant pattern".

There are four major ingredients of cement. They are Portland cement, sand, gravel, and water. The four ingredients are in a 1:2:4 ratio in cement, one bucket of Portland cement, two buckets of sand, and four buckets of gravel.

In nuclear physics, the evenness or oddness of the atomic nucleus determines its properties. I remember being in my chemistry class at UCSD, and the Professor drew on the board the four variations of evenness and oddness in atomic orbitals and their different properties. And I even remember her saying “yeah we don’t know why this is the case, we have no idea why the evenness and oddness has these effects, but all we know is these four groups exist and these are the properties.” I can tell them why there are the four distinct groups of atoms. It’s because reality is the quadrant reality and the quadrant pattern is constantly revealing itself in all domains everywhere.

The atomic number of an atom is Z. The neutron number is n. There are many stable Z even, n even atoms. There are few stable Z odd, N odd atoms. There’s an intermediate number of Z even N odd stable atoms. There is a slightly less intermediate number of Z odd, N even stable atoms.

The four

Chapter 19: Examples of the Quadrant Model in Biology, the Third Quadrant Field of Science

If you look at the organic molecules, you have carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. We’ll put these four in a quadrant. Nucleic acids is the fourth. It seems different, but

it's also an organic molecule. All these are based on carbon chemistry.

Four Organic Molecules

Carbohydrates

Proteins

Lipids

Nucleic Acids

Lipids are the second quadrant, homeostasis, structure. If you look at the lipid bilayers in cells, they're responsible for what comes in and out of cells. They're like the police officers. They are the homeostasis and maintenance and structure, which is always the function of the second quadrant.

Proteins are the doers. They build things. They do stuff. Nucleic acids. People say nucleic acids are just like energy, ATP. Nucleic acid is different from the other three. Carbohydrates become lipids. The first and second quadrants are the duality. The first and second quadrants are always a duality. The four are all interconnected. None of them exist without nucleic acids, the fourth. None of these could exist without nucleic acid. DNA is also nucleic acid. Here we have the quadrant .

We have to look at the four domains of life. The four domains of life, we have archaea, bacteria, eukaryotes and the virus. According to scientists, these all were once one life

form, and they separated. These are all that are connected, but they're different. Archaea,

they're weird, they live in extreme environments. First quadrant is always weird and the least physical. Archaea are tiny.

Bacteria, the second quadrant form of life, they're responsible for homeostasis and live

in our stomachs. The second quadrant is always homeostasis and maintenance. They digest our food. They break down trash. They're important, and also can help you from

not getting sick. There is good bacteria that help prevent sickness, but also there is bacteria that are pathogenic. But remember, the second quadrant is homeostasis. It maintains. It is also intermediate between the first quadrant non physical, and the third quadrant physical.

Bacteria and archaea don’t have envelope-enclosed nuclei. Prokaryotes lack mitochondria, or any other eukaryotic membrane-bound organelles. Archaea are typically unicellular, but some cyanobacteria form large colonies. The second quadrant is always more social. Bacteria are more social and more physical than Archaea, but Eukaryotes are the most physical.

Eukaryotes are the doers. The third quadrant is the doing quadrant. They are also the most physical, having envelope enclosed nuclei and membrane bound organelles. They do things. They move around. They have different cell structures than archaea and bacteria. Archaea and bacteria are the duality. They are both called “prokaryotes”. They were once thought to be the same thing, but molecular analysis demonstrated that bacteria and archaea were completely different. The first two are always a duality.

These three domains of life are really qualitatively completely different things based off of cell structure. Then you have the virus. Some biologists say giant viruses represent a fourth domain of Iife. The fourth is different, but it also contains the previous three. Let me explain. The virus, scientists say, has all the qualities of life. The only reason why they say it's not living is because in order for it to live it needs to have a host cell living.

I watched a BBC show on Biology. The biologist said, if you ask a biologist, hey is a virus living thing or a dead thing, he will say yes, because it's both. It’s both still alive and dead. The fourth quadrant is also related to death. Viruses are associated with death. I saw on the BBC show, the biologist said the other three domains of life may have emerged from the virus, the transcendent fourth. It was also described that the virus was integral to the evolution of the other three domains of life.

The virus needs to have a host to live. The virus lives in eukaryotes, bacteria or archaea. So it's different from the other one's, but also encompasses all of them. You see what I mean? Viruses are responsible for a lot of evolution. They're so important. They're the fourth quadrant. Viruses shake things up a little bit and it lets new things emerge. If it wasn't for viruses things wouldn't evolve, according to Darwinistic theories. And empirical evidence, through sensation and perception indicate that evolution occurs.

The Four Domains of Life

Archaea

Eukaryote

Bacteria

Virus

But again, can we trust our senses? Descartes doesn’t think so. Our senses affect our beliefs, but we believe also can affect what we sense. Are we even responsible for what we believe and sense? Neutral Monism doesn't think so. According to some Muslim neutral monists, cause and effect are not real and everything is Allah. The ideas of evolution and most scientific theories are grounded on the notion of cause and effect, but this concept is questionable according to philosophers. Science is based around sensation and perception, but philosophers deal with abstract concepts beyond the sense data continuum, and thus philosophers are able to interrogate the assumptions of science. For instance, David Hume said that the principle of cause and effect could not be substantiated, thus threatening the whole enterprise of science. Yogananda suggests reality is a dream. In a dream there are sensations and perceptions, but the sensations and perceptions are not of real phenomena but are hallucinations. In dreams there are logical webs of meaning and significance but they are the weavings together of random brain activity. The fact that there is logical and coherent episodic events in a dream does not mean the dream is of a real phenomenal world. It can be supposed that reality is a giant hallucination, a concept suggested by philosophers who proposed the idea of brains in a vat.

So we have the quadrant once again. The cross. Then there's a possible fifth. There's a possible fifth domain of life. Some people say that they thought they found a different domain of life. But it hasn’t been corroborated. Once more, it's questionable. The fifth quadrant is always questionable.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aTgiuE7qMsc

Chapter 20: More Discussion on the Keirsey’s Four Temperament Types

Again we have these four types or 16, if you want to look at it that way but and one thing I NF’s idealists, they tend to believe in things like aliens and supernatural and mystical things. They also tend to be conservative. So they will often be like the reptilian conspiracy theorists, who themselves often are White supremacists, or at least their ideas are conservative thus partake in White supremacy. NFs are idealists. They like ideas that are fanciful and paranormal, that get everybody excited and arouse people’s wonder about reality. By getting people excited about reality and feeling good and enlivened, they also get them attached to reality. Socrates called these people “lovers of sights and sounds”.

They are thus conservative, even though they discuss supernormal topics. They would be the types of people who look for “metaphysical meanings in the Bible”. Like they might say “the Garden of Eden story is a metaphor of the breakthrough into cosmic consciousness. They look for “spiritual” and “metaphysical and abstract” meanings in things.

An INTP would be more inclined to look at the Bible and say “it was written by ancient people, with genetic Darwinian tendencies and motivations. Thus the people were patriarchal since men tend to want to subjugate women to propagate their genes. So you see in the stories like the Garden of Eden and other stories in the Bible sexist aspects. Eve, the woman is the bad guy, men throughout history have demonized women, since women in their biological function always had power over men and men thus always feared them. Women can cheat on men with other men, and thus the man never knows if she is spreading his genes or another man’s genes. The story of the Garden of Eden kind of reflects this biological, patriarchal concern, presenting Eve in a negative light “sneaking” away with Satan”. The Bible is an ancient and outdated and outmoded text. Let’s move onto bigger and better things. We can study it to understand the culture of the time and perhaps archetypal aspects of the psyche such as Freudian Oedipal dynamics, but let’s not get too caught up in that ancient poetry literature silliness”.

But an NF would be more inclined to say “no the story in the Bible is a metaphor of finding deeper consciousness and intuition and awareness and breaking free of the ego to the eternal moment and oneness consciousness”. The NF is more conservative and would be more inclined to hold onto the Bible. He will use it for conservative purposes, but also will add flowery language and a metaphysical abstract garb.

SJ’s are like NFs, in that SJs will read the Bible and try to understand the Bible and use it for conservative purposes. But SJ Guardians will not get as abstract as NFs in their interpretations, and they will use the Bible more to belong and to try to get “eternal life”. SJs will use the Bible and Church to help them cement social relationships and they will use their religious organization as a conservative tool to help maintain order in society. An SJ will be more inclined to believe in hell, and will try to scare others into hell in order to maintain social order and social harmony. SJs are all about homeostasis.

On a side note, it is not clear if the Bible does teach that there is a hell or not. For instance the J Witnesses say when Jesus mentions hell, it is allegorical. And also, hell in the Bible does not appear to be reserved for “homosexuals” and “adulterers” like religious conservatives tend to want to promote, but it appears to be more reserved for the “rich people who oppress the poor”.

But Fox News tends to be replete with people, a lot of them SJs, who do not want to uphold this liberal perspective of the Bible, but want to use the Bible as a means to instill fear and maintain social control and the status quo. Ironically, many conservative republicans uphold the Bible, but they interpret it in a manner that is designed to promote conformity, and instill fear into people to make sure they don’t act “bad”, but their policies such as being against welfare and policies which helps the poor and the marginalized, seems ironically against the principles of the Bible. Especially in the manner in which they often judge the poor and belittle the poor and the marginalized in very immature fashions. As a result, they often help to cement and consolidate the status quo and further marginalize and alienate the poor and oppressed, as opposed to being compassionate and benevolent. Often the Bible is used by White people to assist in White supremacist policies that further marginalize and alienate people of color and instead of helping the oppressed, they blame the victims and say they are low iqs or don’t work hard and deserve what they get because of “sins” or whatever. Conservative Republicans, many of whom are SJs, but they are in every type, don’t take into consideration socioeconomic conditions and societal factors such as prejudice and social systems and generational violence and mistreatment as being leading causes of disparity and inequality.

SPs will often just see through the Bible and maybe just use it as a way to get power. Like Donald Trump is an SP and he used the Bible in Machiavellian ways to entrench power and assemble White supremacists and SJs.

NFs believe in supernatural types of things. They believe in stuff like fairies and crystals. They like to believe in that “feel good type of stuff”, that type of stuff that they think will make everybody come together in an orgy of love. They like conspiracy stuff and other exciting and stirring ideas. They are drawn to things that are irrational and metaphysical. Interestingly the alien stuff even that fits the form of existence. I can give many examples but one would be the Allagash Alien Abduction where Jack Weiner, Jim Weiner, the duality, and Charles Folz and Charles Rak are abducted. The fourth member later says the story was a fabrication, but the other three stand by it. This is the three plus one pattern. But paranormal phenomena do fascinatingly often demonstrate the quadrant pattern.

But NFs are into that supernatural and esoteric type of stuff. It gets them and others excited about reality. But as I said, it is possible that reality is a sort of dream matrix. Excitement over such phenomena can serve to just immerse people more into the illusion. So, yes, I am suggesting that NFs have a tendency to get locked into the dream matrix illusion and that they can often try to help engross others into the illusion as well. But at the same time they are very intelligent and can paradoxically, with their insights and breakthroughs, help people to see through the matrix and transcend it.

NFs like to clean and they like to serve and satisfy. As I said before, people can serve out of compassion and love, but also because they want to be needed, and thus the service can be self confirmatory. Women more often tend to be NFs and first quadrant oriented. That might be why women are stereotypically more submissive and subservient. Men are more often SP and third quadrant oriented. That might contribute to the stereotype of men being more active and dominant.

NFs like talking about making room for an “empty space” like an “empty space of possibility. NF Idealists are more space oriented. SJ Guardians are time oriented. They are often on time and punctual. Artisan SPs are matter oriented. They are physical and active. Rationals are energy oriented. Rationals are transcending this world and are in the non material world of ideas.

NF’s say things like “I want an empty space of possibilities”, stuff like this. They like harmony and space connotes harmony and emptiness. Empty pace is a very Buddhist concept. For instance Buddhists talk about emptiness. Of the four world religions, Buddhism is most associated with the NF. NFs like things clean. They like to cook. These are stereotypically female pursuits, but women tend to be more first quadrant oriented statistically, and more women are NFs. NFs are into global issues like the environment and

helping the environment. They are more often communistic in approach and are into sharing. They are feelers so they want to share. But they expect others to share. They are responsible and they expect others to be responsible and they think the best of others. Not everybody is sharing oriented, for various reasons, and thus NFs can be hateful and venomous ironically to those who do not conform to their standards of “lovingness”.

SPs don’t care as much for sharing. They might be more inclined to see such activities as sentimental and phony, and they may be prone to point out that the idealistic notions of nfs are just that, idealistic, and practically not suitable or appropriate. SPs aren’t so into sharing, but they are more individualistic and want to pursue their dreams and goals.

NFs are extremely intelligent, and they just have this sense. They can just sense things, and sometimes I used to think wow, they don't know what they're talking about, or does he really believe that, but then I listen and they say amazing things. They'll often talk about spiritual things. They'll say they believe in things like telekinesis and levitation. They tend to be open to stuff like this. Like I said, a higher percentage of NFs are women. Maybe this explains partly why women tend to be more inclined toward spiritual pursuits and why they have often been casted as “witches” and “irrational”.

NFs might be more prone to say things like “everything is energy” and we're all just spiritual beings. But they're into spirituality stuff. They're into saying things like everything is energy, and these idealistic spiritual ideas that are designed to make people feel good and inspired. Interestingly, like I said, the first quadrant, sensation, perception, response, awareness is based on energy from energy stimuli like photons and sound waves and chemicals from your environment.

Idealists will even often use the language that they “perceive” this, they “respond” in accordance to it, and this is their “awareness”. For instance “I sense something about you” or “I perceive that you are feeling this”. That is why they make good counselors. They are feelers. An SP is less inclined to get “feely” and sentimental, but will speak more with terms like “I think you’re being mean” or “what do you want to do”. An NF will be likely to say something like “I’m responding to your energy right now, and I sense that you are having an energy block due to trauma”. An SP will be more subject to talk like “man I just want to follow my dreams and do what I do and I get angry when people get in my way or bull shit”.

Awareness is a conscious perception. Awareness leads to self-awareness. Like I said, awareness encompasses all of these. But also it's different. Not all creatures are self-aware, and like I said it points to belief. Belief is the ISFJ. The SJs are belief oriented. NFs tend to love SJs. NFs are conservative and they tend to love White people. Oprah is an NF and she seems to love White people and they love her.

Talking more about the INTP, I just want to say, I was talking to my dad and I told him that, it's not to be arrogant, but I told him, I think I came up with a theory of everything. I know the theory of everything. I’m an INTP. INTPs and NTs are knowers. He said, how could you come up with a theory of everything? He says, you get lost driving to a market or stuff. How

could someone like you, who can't even do these simple tasks, come up with a theory of everything. There's a joke that NT’s can do complex astrophysics, but they can’t figure out how to block a hole in their ship with a piece of gum. My Dad, who is an SJ, didn't believe me

Well, this is actually common among INTPs. Like Einstein, one time he called his wife he said he was supposed to be at a meeting he was late. Intps tend to be late a lot. He said “where am I” and “where are you”. He didn't know where he was. He didn't even know where she was. This is common among intps. They are disorganized and very in the clouds and not so much in the sensory world.

My dad was like, how could you come up with the theory of everything. He said, when we would go shopping you couldn't even pick out what shoe to wear, you can't even tell what's a good shoe. He's like, you remember, whenever we would go out to get shoes you would make me pick out the shoes for you.

Yeah, this is another thing that is common among intps. I don't I'm not able to tell style a lot

So when I go to the foot locker to look at the shoes, I need my dad to tell me what is a good shoe, because I can't tell at all. I just look and I ask my Dad, does this one look good? Does this one look good? I can't tell that.

My dad's an SJ. He can tell things like this. He is sensory S. He lives a lot in the material world of details. He also is a guardian SJ and they are more feeling oriented so they are more focused on belonging. So fashion is more of a concern for him, so he pays more attention to that and more cultivates a sense of fashion for clothes. They are more into appearances and stuff like that. I'm not able to tell the fashion type of stuff. I guess I can tell if something looks ridiculous, maybe, but most the time, about all of the time I don't even notice.

Chapter 21: Some more Quadrant Model Examples in Physics and Emphasis on the Questionable Ultra Transcendent Fifth Quadrant

I forgot to mention another thing in physics. We have the four forces. They are the strong nuclear force, the weak nuclear force, electromagnetism, and gravity physicists say okay. We have a duality. Physicists say they can combine the strong force, weak force and electromagnetic force into one force. The unification of those three forces is called the Grand Unified Theory. The first three are all interconnected. Physicists say that all these used to be one force, but then they separated. Biologists think that all of the domains of life used to be one life form, and they separated.

Well same thing with this, and they say they can combine the first three under the mathematics and system of quantum mechanics, but they say gravity cannot be combined with quantum mechanics. They need general relativity to describe gravity. But quantum mechanics and general relativity, they say they're mutually exclusive. They're different. Physicists can't combine them. Under m-theory and other quantum field theories there are attempts to unite gravity with the other three forces. Quantum field theory is the forth transcendent domain of physics.

Physicists believe the four forces are basically all the same thing, aspects of the same thing, or versions of the same thing. They think the four are one. If you think about it, according to general relativity, gravity is caused by warping of space-time by matter. Well matter doesn't exist without the strong, weak and electromagnetic forces, so gravity doesn't exist without

all these. Gravity is separate, but it encompasses all of them.

Then, once again, there's a possible questionable fifth force. Physicists hypothesize this fifth force could explain the accelerating growth of the Universe. They call it the quintessence force, and they say it's a dark energy type of thing. But many physicists question if this. There is no direct evidence of a fifth force. No fifth force bosons have ever been discovered. It is still hypothetical and other theories, such as modified Newtonian Mechanics are used to explain the accelerating growth of the Universe. Some physicists say no, this fifth force is actually not really a fifth force, it's actually just gravity, but we have to rethink our equations of gravity, and we don't understand gravity well enough

The Four Forces and the Questionable Fifth Quintessence

Strong Force

Electromagnetism

Weak Force

Gravity

Quintessence

So remember, I always say the fourth and the fifth, the fourth always points to the fifth. But there's a lot of evidence that there is a fifth force. So there's debate, but many physicists hypothesize that there is a fifth force. The fifth is always questionable. And the fourth points to the fifth. The fourth force is gravity. Well the fifth force is like a special form of gravity, and physicists say there might not even be a fifth force, but gravity is just not understood completely and in larger scales it acts as an accelerating force.

The fourth always points to the fifth. And the fifth is often questionable. The fourth is always transcendent and the fifth is always ultra transcendent. So we have once again the same pattern, that duality, the triad, the quadrad, then we get the pentad, the questionable fifth. The first four at least associate and are linked, although the fourth is always transcendent. The fifth is a new quadrant.

The atmosphere, the four main layers of the atmosphere, the troposphere, stratosphere, the mesosphere and the thermosphere, it takes the same pattern. The troposphere, which would be the first quadrant, is where we live. Then the stratosphere blocks ultraviolet radiation. It has an ozone layer. The second layer is always protection, homeostasis. Without the second layer you wouldn't survive. Then the mesosphere, remember the third layer is always physical. The third quadrant is always connected with doing. Doing is physical. Well the mesosphere has qualities that are physical. It is so cold that it's solid. It's basically ice crystals. It's a more solid layer of the atmosphere and is different than the other two. Once again, we have the same pattern

Let me get to the thermosphere. The thermosphere is kind of different. The fourth quadrant is always different. There's so little matter in the thermosphere, they call it rarefied gas. Each particle is miles away from every other particle. So it seems like there's nothing there Once more, the fourth quadrant seems like there's nothing there. But there is a fourth

quadrant, thermosphere.

Scientists say there are four main layers of the atmosphere. At UCSD in class I attended, we learned there were only four layers. Sometimes scientists will mention the exosphere, which is even stranger, but the fifth. It is really really different. But we have the same pattern. This pattern is seen in all things. We have the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere and the questionable fifth, the exosphere.

Most scientists say there are just four layers of the atmosphere. The fourth layer is different. The first three layers are about the same length. The fourth layer is very long. The exosphere is the possible, questionable fifth, and it's not about the number of things per se, it's about the pattern, the quadrant pattern. The number four is dominant, but reality is constructed through the quadrant pattern, organized in three plus one quadrant relationships.

The third quadrant, the mesosphere, is solid, the most solid part. You see the same pattern.

The quadrant is always expressing itself in nature, so we can know the quadrant, the cross, the quadrant model of reality

The Four Layers of the Atmosphere- Some Scientists Mention a Fifth but Mostly they say there are Four Main Layers

Troposphere

Mesosphere

Stratosphere

Thermosphere

Let's look at the phases of matter. We have gas. I've heard someone who was not a scientist, when I explained this example to him about the quadrant model, tell me there’s

no real phases of matter. He said that when something is solid and it's turning to liquid, it's kind of both. He thought there were not distinct stages and that the model of four phases of matter was artificial. He actually doesn’t know what he’s talking about

There actually are discrete phases of matter. Something is either a gas, a liquid, a solid, or plasma. There's these four phases of matter. Gases adhere to their container and liquids adhere to their containers. First and second quadrants right. They're conservative. They fill their environment. Solid is an individual. The solid state of matter represents the third quadrant, individual quadrant, physical quadrant. Solids don’t fill their containers. It does its own thing. Solids are firm.

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Best Hobbyist Benchtop Power Supply Review 2020

With one of the best hobbyist benchtop power supply, you can get the ideal voltage supply you need for your project. Also, with these devices, you can get the freedom to regulate the control and voltage supply using simple dials, which adds extreme benefit to these power supply devices. We are here with a list of best hobbyist benchtop power supply units that are perfect for you. Also, there is a comprehensive buying guide so that you can select the best device according to your needs.

Best Hobbyist Behcntop Power Supply Reviews

1. LONGWEI DC Power Supply Variable

If you need a lightweight power supply device, then you can consider this device from LONGWEI. The overall weight of the power supply is around 4 pounds, which makes it an ideal benchtop device. You can set up the device on the go by connecting the dedicated wires. Also, it is a budget device that will not burn a hole in your pocket.

High Precision Display The digital display attached to this hobbyist power supply is intuitive, which means that you will get clear and readable. The LED display is of high quality, and there is nothing to complain about. Excellent Heat Dissipation There is no need to worry about the heat produced by the power supply while working. This device has a built-in cooling fan that keeps excess heat at bay while keeping the power supply cool while working. Moreover, the noise produced by the fan is less so you can focus on your work without getting distracted. Protection Guaranteed With this hobbyist power supply device, you will get guaranteed protection against over-current and over-temperature. You can rest assured that there will be no damages to the circuit of your project when you have this power supply device. It also has limited flow protection (OCP) so that you can limit the flow of the current. Sturdy Body The body of this power supply is sturdy and reliable. There is no need to worry about any easy damages as the body and the control knobs are of decent quality.

LONGWEI DC Power Supply Variable FAQs 1. Is this power supply device isolated with earth ground? Yes, this power supply device is earth ground isolated. 2. Are there any safety protections? This LONGWEI power supply has the required safety features like over-current and overload protection. 3. What is the weight of this unit? The overall weight of this unit is around 4 pounds.

2. Tekpower TP1803D Lab Grade Variable Linear DC Power Supply

Here is another compact and lightweight hobbyist power supply device for you. It is an affordable device that has a maximum current output of up to 3 Amps and voltage up to 18 volts. You can easily set this power supply on your bench to get the required amount of power at any time.

Output Regulator Switch The device has two output regulator switches that will assist you in adjusting the amount of voltage and current you need for your specific purpose. These knobs are easy to hold, and you can check the output readings on the digital display to make sure that you are getting the required power. Easy to Use This power supply device is easy to use. The overall weight of this device is around 7 pounds, and you can move it whenever needed. Also, it comes ready to use, and all you have to do is connect the required wires to start using it. Digital Display The power supply device has two digital displays dedicated to current and voltage, which makes it an ideal device for beginners and professional users. You can easily identify the readings based on the display. Powerful Heat Dissipation There are two cooling fans attached to the power supply device for keeping it cool. This device has ultimate heat dissipation, and it will keep excess heat out of the power supply device.

Tekpower TP1803D Lab Grade Variable Linear DC Power Supply FAQs 1. How many watts is this power supply device? This hobbyist power supply device is 54W. It is a 18Vx3A device that sums up to 54W. 2. Does this come with over-current protection? Yes, this device comes with a current limiter, so you can say that it has protection against over-current. But if you are using the device in high current settings, then there is less protection against current issues. 3. What is the input voltage? The input voltage of this power supply device is 120V/60Hz. 3. Tekpower TP3005P Programmable Linear Type Variable Regulated DC Power Supply Tekpower is here with another power supply that is perfect for the professionals out there. This is a heavy-duty device with low ripple and less noise. Also, you get better control over the machine, all thanks to the multitude of control buttons and digital display.

Memory Function If you have to adjust the settings every time you set up the power supply device, then you need this device right now. It comes with a built-in memory function so that you get the preferred settings every time you turn the machine on. As a result, you get better productivity without wasting time in achieving the desired settings again and again. Auto Shutoff The device comes loaded with OCP (over current protection). It will shut off automatically after sensing over-current to protect the machine and your project. Now there is no need to worry about anything even if you are working with high current output. Dual LED The digital display shows two readings simultaneously for voltage ad current output. The maximum voltage you can achieve with this device is around 30 Volts, and the maximum current is around 5 Amps. USB Interface With the help of the USB interface, you can store the date and can access it into your PC. The manufacturer offers software and a cable so that you can connect this power supply device with your PC. The only downside of the software is that it only works in Windows PC.

Tekpower TP3005P Programmable Linear Type Variable Regulated DC Power Supply FAQs 1. Can I use this power supply device for small current ranges or for holding constant current? Yes, this device will help you in supplying small current ranges without any hassles. Also, you can hold constant current using it. 2. Does it allow us to adjust the current and voltage settings independently? With this power supply device from Teakpower, you can adjust the current and voltage independently. Also, the current will remain constant while you are adjusting the voltage and vice versa. 3. Is there any cooling fan in the device? Yes, it does come with a cooling fan that helps in dissipating excess heat.

4. Tekpower TP3016M Portable Handheld Variable DC Power Supply

This is one of the most compact power supply devices available out there. If you need something handy and easy to use, then you can get this hobbyist power supply device. The device belongs to Teakpower, so you can expect decent quality from it. Also, it is lightweight, and you can carry it with you whenever you need it.

Two USB Ports This handheld power supply device has two USB ports, and you can use it for different tasks, including repairing smartphones. Also, it is an excellent tool for testing, and you can do multitasking with it using the two USB ports. 4 Digit LCD Display The four-digit LCD shows accurate readings for the voltage and current you are getting from it. Also, you can adjust the output supply using the easy-press buttons available on this portable benchtop power supply device. Auto Shutoff The device comes loaded with over-current protection, and it shuts off automatically after detecting high current. Your devices will remain protected it you use this power supply machine. USB Recognition Whenever you plug any device using a USB port, then this machine will automatically recognize it. You can also use the port for software calibration, which is an added benefit.

Tekpower TP3016M Portable Handheld Variable DC Power Supply FAQs 1. Can I calibrate this device? Yes, you can calibrate this power supply device as it comes with two USB ports. 2. What are the specifications of Teakpower TP 3016M? The specifications of this power supply device are as following: Input Voltage: 110-220V/AC, 50-60Hz 3. Which material is used to make the body? The body is made using metal so you can rest assured that it is not a cheap plastic power supply device.

5. Dr.meter 30V/5A DC Bench Power Supply

You can get this benchtop power supply device if you need a reliable machine. It comes with a lot of features, and the handle makes it a portable device. There is a cooling fan as well, and you can use this power supply device for an extended period without worrying about excessive heat generation.

Auto Conversion Now there is no need to use a calculator to convert the readings while using this power supply device. It comes with the auto conversion of A into mA, and you can check the readings directly from the digital display. Side Cooling Design There are small vents available at the side as well, so the device remains cool while using. These vents are available on both sides, so there will be no damage to the circuit due to over-temperature. Stop/Out Button If you want to halt the output supply for any purpose, then you can use the stop button. This button will prevent the need to turn off the machine, and you can keep working with the preferred settings. Press Out button when you want to replenish the supply again. Wide Applications This benchtop power supply device is ideal to use at home, schools, laboratories, production lines, and much more. It can handle more power so you can draw more output by using it.

Dr.meter 30V/5A DC Bench Power Supply FAQs 1. What are the exact dimensions of this unit? The dimensions of this unit without the power cord connected are: 11" x 5" x 6". 2. Can I use it to charge batteries? Yes, you can use this power supply device to charge batteries. But you need to set the accurate current and voltage to charge the batteries to protect them from any damages. 3. Is there any repair or schematic information available with this device? No, there is no repair or schematic information available with this device, but you can contact the manufacturer is you need any assistance.

6. TekPower TP12001X 120V DC Variable Switching Power Supply Output

The users that need a power supply device with a low ripple effect can consider having this power supply device. You can continuously adjust the power supply based on your requirements while keeping the current or the voltage as constant.

Overheat and Overload Protection The device comes equipped with overload and overheating protection, which are the two major causes of damages while testing. Moreover, there is no need to use an external device to protect the power supply. Large LCD Display You can easily check the readings displayed on the large LCD. Also, it becomes easy to check the voltage and current readings when you have a device with a clear display. This power supply has an LCD with backlit, so you can even determine the readings even if there is dark in the room. Front Connection It is quite hard to adjust the connections when all the ports are available at the backside of the power supply. But with this device, you will get front connections, and you can remove or attach any cable anytime using this device. Fuse Protection When you have TeakPower TP 12001X, then there is no need to worry about short circuits. The device comes with a built-in fuse that will protect the machine in case of any short circuits.

TekPower TP12001X 120V DC Variable Switching Power Supply Output FAQs 1. Can I use this unit as a negative voltage supply? No, you cannot use this device as a negative voltage supply. 2. Is this model 60Hz or 50Hz? The model is 60Hz. 3. Is there any memory function available? No, there is no memory function available with this device. You have to adjust the settings every time you use it after powering off.

7. Tekpower TP3005T Variable Linear DC Power Supply

TekPower is here with a heavy-duty power supply device that comes loaded with a plethora of features. It is an affordable device, so anyone can buy it without breaking the bank. Also, you will get all the cables in the box, and you can use them for your projects.

Significant Display The size of the display is considerable, and it is big enough so that you can identify the readings easily. Also, it supports backlit so you can check the readings even in the dark. OCP On/Off You can turn off the OCP any time when you need it. There are very few power supply models available in the market with adjustable OCP, and this is one of them. Current Lock If you need a constant current supply, then you can lock the current know by pressing it for some time. You can unlock it again when you need to adjust the current output. Portable There is a handle attached to the power supply device, which makes it a portable device. The overall weight of this device is around 12 pounds, so you can carry it with you.

Tekpower TP3005T Variable Linear DC Power Supply FAQs 1. Do the leads have diodes? No, there are no diodes attached to the leads. This power supply device has simple alligator clips. 2. What is the minimum current I can get with this unit? You can get a minimum current output up to 0.1A with this device. 3. How to adjust the current and voltage? You can use the knobs to adjust the current and the voltage as per your requirements. Buying Guide: Things to Look For in a Hobbyist Benchtop Power Supply Buying the best hobbyist benchtop power supply device requires you to focus on some parameters and features that will impact its performance. Here in this buying guide, we have highlighted these features so that you can buy the best device for your money. Maximum Current and Voltage You need to know how much current and voltage the benchtop power device can offer. Also, you should check whether it can provide high power so that you can fulfill your needs. If you need a benchtop power supply device to supply voltage to some circuit, then you should check whether it has a DC power envelope or not. With the help of the DC power envelope, you can check the current values drawn by the power device at different voltages. Number of Channels Using a single output channel is inexpensive as compared to using multiple channels, but not all tasks require a single channel. It is entirely based on your requirements and needs if you need a power supply device with multiple channels, then you can go with it. On the other hand, if you have a limited budget and requirements, then you can buy a power supply device with a single channel. Current Limiting Control If you are a beginner, then we suggest you select a benchtop power supply device that comes with the current limiting control switch. You can use this switch to control the supply of current to remain safe during the project. Moreover, you can protect the equipment from over-current by using the limiting switch. Switching Vs. Linear Generally, power supply devices are available in linear mode or switching mode. The core difference between these devices is the process of how DC power is produced. Each of these has its own pros and cons. But when we talk in general, then switching mode is more compact and light. If you want to power sensitive analog circuitry, then we recommend you to choose a linear design because it has less electrical noise. Weight Check the weight of the power supply before buying it. Normally, these devices are portable, but still, it is better to check the weight and dimensions beforehand. Digital Display These days most of the power supplies available in the market have a digital display to help the users with exact readings. It would be great if you check the digital display before making your purchase decision. Budget Lastly, these power supplies are available in a myriad of prices. It is ideal for making your budget before you shop for a benchtop power supply device. Final Words These are some of the best hobbyist benchtop power supply devices available out there. You can refer to the buying guide and FAQs to get some more clarity about these devices. All the power supply units listed here belong to renowned brands and have decent after-sales services. Also, Read Lego The Simpsons House 71006 Review Sharp Kb6524ps Microwave Drawer Review Canon 10×42 L Image Stabilization Waterproof Binoculars Review Garrett AT Pro Metal Detector for Garden & Outdoor Review VacMaster VP215 Chamber Vacuum Sealer Review Do let us know what you think is the best hobbyist benchtop power supply unit, according to you. Leave your replies in the comment section. Read the full article

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