#Analysis.Data

[24worldnewsnet]

India to decide on overseas analysis of Air India crash flight recorders Air India's London-bound 787-8 Dreamliner crashed last Thursday, killing at least 270 peopleIndia's Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau (AAIB) is yet to decide whether flight data and cockpit voice recorders from the Air India flight that crashed last Thursday will be sent overseas for decoding and analysis.At least 270 people, most of them passengers, were killed when the London-bound Boeing 787-8 Dreamliner crashed less than a minute after taking off from Ahmedabad airport in western India.Some media outlets reported that the black boxes are being sent abroad, but the ministry of civil aviation clarified that no final decision has been made.The ministry said the AAIB will determine the location for analysis after a "due assessment of technical, safety, and security factors".Investigators have recovered both sets of Enhanced Airborne Flight Recorders (EAFRs) - the "black boxes" - from the Boeing 787 crash site. These combined units, which record flight data and cockpit audio, were found on 13 and 16 June. The aircraft model carries two such sets to aid in thorough analysis.Data recorders track with high precision the position of gear and flap levers, thrust settings, engine performance, fuel flow and even fire handle activation.The data in the plane's "black boxes" can be used to reconstruct the flight's final moments and determine the cause of the incident.However, some media outlets reported that the recorders had been badly damaged in the fire that engulfed the plane after the crash, making it difficult to extract the data in India and that the government was planning to send the recorders to the US.Captain Kishore Chinta, a former accident investigator with the AAIB, told the BBC one set of recorders could be also sent to the US "to compare the data downloaded in India with that provided to the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB)". He said although the new AAIB lab in Delhi was inaugurated in April, "it's unclear whether it is fully operational for EAFR data downloads".Meanwhile, Air India's chairman has said that one of the engines of the Air India plane that crashed last week was new, while the other was not due for servicing until December.In an interview with Times Now news channel, N Chandrasekaran said that both engines of the aircraft had "clean" histories.Separately, the airline said that inspections have been completed on 26 of its 33 Boeing 787-8 and 787-9 aircraft, all of which have been "cleared for service".India's aviation regulator had ordered additional safety checks on Air India's Boeing 787 fleet after the deadly crash as a "preventive measure".On Thursday, the airline announced that its flights will be reduced on 16 international routes and suspended on three overseas destinations between 21 June and 15 July."The reductions arise from the decision to voluntarily undertake enhanced pre-flight safety checks, as well as accommodate additional flight durations arising from airspace closures in the Middle East," the airline said in a statement.The announcement came a day after the carrier said it would temporarily reduce flights operated with wide-body planes by 15%.

[insightninja]

Unlocking the secrets of Data Analytics: A Guide to Better Decision-Making

Understanding Data analyticsintroduction to data analytics

What is Data Analytics?

Data analytics is rapidly becoming one of the most critical areas of business management and decision-making. Understanding data analytics is essential to make informed decisions based on data-driven insights.In this comprehensive guide, we will explain the basics of data analytics, its application in various industries, and its advantages. Data analytics is the process of examining datasets to draw conclusions and insights. It entails a variety of approaches and techniques, including machine learning, data mining, and statistical analysis.Types of Data AnalyticsDescriptive Analytics

It encompasses the process of scrutinizing historical data to gain a better understanding of past events and trends.Predictive AnalyticsThis involves forecasting future events and trends using statistical models and machine learning algorithms.Prescriptive AnalyticsIt takes into account the conclusions from both descriptive and predictive analytics to advise the best course of action.Methodologies for Data AnalyticsQualitative Methods

It involves accessing and analyzing non-numerical data to identify patterns, themes, or trends.Quantitative MethodsIt entails analyzing numerical data to identify trends and generate predictive models.Applications of Data AnalyticsBusinessBusinesses use data analytics to make data-intensive decisions regarding financial performance, customer behavior, marketing strategies and risk management.HealthcareData analytics is utilized in the healthcare industry to improve patient outcomes, minimize costs, and enhance the quality of care.FinanceIn finance, data analytics is used to perform risk analysis, fraud detection, and investment strategies.SportsSports organizations use data analytics to make informed decisions about player selection, performance analysis, and game strategy.Data Analytics ProcessesData CollectionData collection is the initial step in the data analytics process. This involves identifying and gathering relevant data.Types of DataData can be either structured, unstructured or semi-structured. Structured data is numerical or categorical data, unstructured data encompasses text, images, and audio. Whereas, Semi-structured data is a type of data that combines features of both structured data and unstructured data. Sources of DataData can be obtained from multiple sources, including in-house databases, external databases, social media platforms, and data brokers.Data PreparationData preparation involves cleaning and transforming data to suit the objectives of the analysis.Data CleaningIt encompasses the process of detecting and rectifying inaccuracies in data.Data TransformationIt involves restructuring or rescaling data to make it more suitable for analysis.Data AnalysisData analysis involves processing and scrutinizing datasets to identify patterns and generate insights.Exploratory Data AnalysisExploratory data analysis entails visualizing and summarizing data to gain a better understanding of its properties and characteristics.Statistical AnalysisStatistical analysis includes using statistical methods for data analysis, hypothesis testing, and inference.Data VisualizationData visualization includes rendering data in graphical form to increase understandability.Types of VisualizationTypes of visualization include bar charts, pie charts, line charts, scatterplots, and heat maps.Selecting the Right Visualization. It entails choosing an appropriate visualization for the data type and analysis objectives.Data InterpretationData interpretation involves interpreting patterns and insights generated from data to make informed decisions.Insights and InterpretationInsights and interpretation encompass producing actionable insights from data analysis and interpreting them in a way that supports decision-making.Hypothesis TestingIt entails the process of testing statistical hypotheses to validate insights from data analysis and empirical data.Best Practices in Data AnalyticsDefine Goals and ObjectivesIt entails establishing clear objectives and goals for data analytics and ensuring that analytics align with organizational goals.Gather Data from Multiple SourcesGathering data from multiple sources increases the volume and quality of data and supports better analysis.Use Clean and Accurate DataData quality is critical for accurate and reliable data analysis. Select the Correct Types of Analytics. Choosing the right types of analytics aligns analytics objectives with data type, quality, and intended use.Always Check for Bias and ErrorsBias and errors in data can cause significant issues for data analysis and interpretation.Make Use of Visualization. Visualizing data increases comprehensibility and improves decision-making outcomes.Continuously Learn and Improve Adopting a culture of continuous improvement supports evolving and enhancing data analytics processes, tools, and outcomes.

[linguisticdiscovery]

My friend Dexter over on TikTok recently got harangued for his use of hung in a video, so I thought I'd jump in with some linguistic analysis.

Here's the data I used from Google Ngrams:

[usefulresourcecentre]

A Data Scientists Guide to Making a Living – A Comprehensive guide that will teach you everything you need to know about the data scientist career.

With a data scientist background, you can start making a living as soon as you have the proper skills. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll teach you everything you need to know about the data scientist career so that you can get started immediately. From learning about the different types of data to understanding how to use data analysis tools and software, we’ll have you up and running in no time. So whether you’re looking to enter the field yourself or want help starting, this guide is for you!

What is a Data Scientist?

A data scientist is someone who has knowledge of data and how to analyze it. Requirements for a data scientist vary depending on the field, but generally, they must have a degree in mathematics, computer science, or another statistician-related field. They should also be familiar with software like MATLAB and R, as well as the basics of statistical analysis and machine learning.

The Process of Data Analysis.

The process of data analysis starts by compiling all the information you need to make an informed decision. This could involve sorting through massive data sets, cleaning up noise, calculating metrics, and more. Once you have your data set analyzed, you can use it to make decisions or predictions.

Tips for Successful Data Analysis.

Every data scientist has their methods for analyzing and making decisions. However, some tips will help you along the way:

1) Use distilled definitions: When trying to understand complex concepts in a dataset, often it’s helpful to break them down into simpler terms (e.g., weekday vs weekend). Doing so makes understanding the dataset easier and allows you to focus on what is important instead of getting lost in the details.

2) Follow RGraphs: When analyzing large datasets using graphical tools (such as R), always follow RGraphs (the RESULTS package). This ensures that your results are consistent across different programs and browsers (regardless of which graphics editor you are using).

3) Get organized: By following some simple rules when creating tables or graphs, you can create sleek-looking presentations without too much effort or waste. Additionally, keeping your data organized helps keep everything easy to access later on when needed – whether that’s during debugging or review sessions!

How to Make a Living as a Data Scientist.

To make a living as a data scientist, you’ll need a degree in data science. However, many people start their careers as data scientists without any formal training. There are several ways to become a data scientist, including starting your own company or joining a larger company that offers the opportunity for career growth.

Start Your Career as a Data Scientist.

The best way to start your career as a data scientist is by starting your own company. This will allow you to develop your ideas and work on projects with other employees. Additionally, many large companies offer opportunities for career growth through employee sponsorship or mentorship programs.

Learn the ins and outs of data analysis.

Data analysis is one of the most important skills you can possess when working as a data scientist. You need to be able to understand complex data sets and extract valuable information from them. Furthermore, you must be familiar with different software tools that can be used for data analysis, such as SPSS or R.

Get Paid for Your Data Science Work.

There are various ways to get paid for your work as a data scientist. One option is to start your own business and receive residual income from sales products or services that you generate from analyzing customer data."

The Data Scientist Career Path.

As a data scientist, you need to have strong knowledge of data. Certification in data science will help you gain the skills and experience necessary to succeed in this career. The best way to learn about this field is to attend a course or workshop on data science. You can also check out online resources like Coursera or Udacity that offer courses in data science.

Follow the Right Resources to Succeed as a Data Scientist.

The right resources are essential for any data scientist venture. Check out databases like Datacenter adultery, Google Trends, or Stack Overflow for information about popular data-related topics. Additionally, read up on best practices and strategies for working with big datasets. By following these tips, you’ll be well on your way to becoming a successful data scientist!

Learn About the Data Scientist Industry.

Once you’ve learned all you need to know about the data scientist career, it’s time to start looking for work. One of the most important things you can do is research the industry where you want to work and find job postings that match your skill set and interests. Browse job boards like Indeed or Monster and look for companies that are hiring professionals with experience in data science. Once you’ve found an opportunity that matches your skill set and interests, take the time to apply and see if you get an interview!

Conclusion

A data scientist is someone who has a passion for data and an understanding of how to analyze it. By getting a degree in data science and following the right resources, you can succeed in this career. The data scientist career path offers many growth opportunities, and you can find success if you work hard and stay focused.

[healthtimetaylor]

Exercise training reduces pro-inflammatory markers in cancer survivors.

PMID:  Brain Behav Immun. 2019 10 ;81:92-104. Epub 2019 Aug 24. PMID: 31454519 Abstract Title:  Exercise training, circulating cytokine levels and immune function in cancer survivors: A meta-analysis. Abstract:  BACKGROUND: Anti-cancer therapies lead to chronic non-resolving inflammation and reduced immune function. One potential therapy is exercise training, but the effectiveness of these interventions to improve immune-related outcomes, the gaps in the literature, and recommendations to progress the field need to be determined.OBJECTIVES: (1) to conduct separate meta-analyses in cancer survivors to determine the effects of exercise training on pro- and anti-inflammatory markers, and immune cell proportions and function; and (2) to perform subgroup analyses to determine whether exercise modality, cancer type, and specific markers help to explain heterogeneity in each meta-analysis.DATA SOURCES: Electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and CINAHL) from inception to March 2018. The reference lists of eligible articles and relevant reviews were also checked.STUDY SELECTION: Inclusion criteria were adult cancer survivors from randomized controlled trials performing structured exercise intervention (aerobic, resistance or combined training or Tai Chi/yoga) compared to usual care control group and included pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, and/or immune cell outcomes.APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS: A total of 5349 potentially eligible articles were identified, of which 26 articles (27 trials) met the inclusion criteria. Effect sizes were calculated as standardized mean differences (SMD), where0.8 as a large effect.RESULTS: Exercise training decreased pro-inflammatory markers (SMD: -0.2, 95% CI: -0.4, -0.1, p 

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[reporthive-blog]

Data Warehouse Management Software Market Professional Survey Report 2018

Data Warehouse Management Software Market Professional Survey Report 2018

Data Warehouse Management Software Market describing the professional information and in-depth study on the current state of the worldwide Data Warehouse Management Software along with competitive analysis.Data Warehouse Management Software exploring the market size, trend, revenue and forecasts up to 2023. This report is a valuable source of guidance for companies and individuals offering…

[riya-follow1k-blog]

Most Important Skills for Digital Marketing

Data Analysis

Arguably the most important skill in digital marketing in 2017 and beyond is data analysis.Data-analysis skills allow marketers to answer the most important question: “Is this working?” Which results in more effective and targeted  marketing campaigns, enhanced customer personas, improved customization capabilities, reduced bounce rates, and higher customer retention, among numerous other benefits.

Simply put, if businesses want their digital marketing teams to be effective and successful and to generate more leads in 2017, they must hire digital marketing professionals highly proficient in data analysis.

Basic HTML/CSS Knowledge

Basic experience with HTML and CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is another top digital marketing skill for 2017. Of course, you don’t need your marketing team to be able to create a website from scratch, but having marketers on your team with basic coding skills will help your business present messages more clearly through visual design an important part of digital marketing.

Marketers with HTML/CSS skills will be able to update and improve the design and look of everything from your landing pages to your email marketing campaigns, making them more effective lead generation channels that lead to more sales.

Marketing Automation Tool Mastery

With the emergence of advanced marketing automation solutions, businesses need professionals with experience navigating these numerous platforms.

Businesses are starting to rely more heavily on automation because it allows their digital marketing teams to do better work in much less time, all while making the company money. Automated emails, social media campaigns, and content marketing generate more and better leads and more sales.

To reap the benefits offered by these technologies, digital marketing teams must be skilled in various marketing automation solutions. Tools such as those of HubSpot, Marketo, and Pardot, paired with Salesforce, are now commonplace in businesses across a wide spectrum of industries.

These technologies vary, so it’s crucial to have digital marketing professionals who are proficient in the automation tools being used by the business.

Content Marketing

Content marketing has quickly become a bedrock of marketing strategy in recent years.Creating high-quality content about subjects important to your target audience thus, content they want to engage with helps your business to pull in audiences and customers instead of your having to push out messages and advertising that they’ve learned to ignore or block.

Investing in digital marketers with content marketing and writing skills will lead to an increase in traffic to your website and higher organic search engine rankings for your business which, of course, results in more leads.

SEO

Finally, search engine optimization (SEO) skills wrap up the list of the most important digital marketing skills for 2017. To get your content, website, products, and apps to rank in search engine results pages (SERPs) and net more customers, you must have marketers skilled in SEO.

The importance of SEO skills for digital marketing professionals is expected to increase drastically in 2017 as search engines become smarter and their algorithms continue to undergo updates.

Having a marketing team with up-to-date SEO skills will prove invaluable. Receiving higher search engine rankings for your website and your product and service pages results in greater audience reach, more traffic, and more leads and sales.

[24worldnewsnet]

India to decide on overseas analysis of Air India crash flight recorders Air India's London-bound 787-8 Dreamliner crashed last Thursday, killing at least 270 peopleIndia's Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau (AAIB) is yet to decide whether flight data and cockpit voice recorders from the Air India flight that crashed last Thursday will be sent overseas for decoding and analysis.At least 270 people, most of them passengers, were killed when the London-bound Boeing 787-8 Dreamliner crashed less than a minute after taking off from Ahmedabad airport in western India.Some media outlets reported that the black boxes are being sent abroad, but the ministry of civil aviation clarified that no final decision has been made.The ministry said the AAIB will determine the location for analysis after a "due assessment of technical, safety, and security factors".Investigators have recovered both sets of Enhanced Airborne Flight Recorders (EAFRs) - the "black boxes" - from the Boeing 787 crash site. These combined units, which record flight data and cockpit audio, were found on 13 and 16 June. The aircraft model carries two such sets to aid in thorough analysis.Data recorders track with high precision the position of gear and flap levers, thrust settings, engine performance, fuel flow and even fire handle activation.The data in the plane's "black boxes" can be used to reconstruct the flight's final moments and determine the cause of the incident.However, some media outlets reported that the recorders had been badly damaged in the fire that engulfed the plane after the crash, making it difficult to extract the data in India and that the government was planning to send the recorders to the US.Captain Kishore Chinta, a former accident investigator with the AAIB, told the BBC one set of recorders could be also sent to the US "to compare the data downloaded in India with that provided to the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB)". He said although the new AAIB lab in Delhi was inaugurated in April, "it's unclear whether it is fully operational for EAFR data downloads".Meanwhile, Air India's chairman has said that one of the engines of the Air India plane that crashed last week was new, while the other was not due for servicing until December.In an interview with Times Now news channel, N Chandrasekaran said that both engines of the aircraft had "clean" histories.Separately, the airline said that inspections have been completed on 26 of its 33 Boeing 787-8 and 787-9 aircraft, all of which have been "cleared for service".India's aviation regulator had ordered additional safety checks on Air India's Boeing 787 fleet after the deadly crash as a "preventive measure".On Thursday, the airline announced that its flights will be reduced on 16 international routes and suspended on three overseas destinations between 21 June and 15 July."The reductions arise from the decision to voluntarily undertake enhanced pre-flight safety checks, as well as accommodate additional flight durations arising from airspace closures in the Middle East," the airline said in a statement.The announcement came a day after the carrier said it would temporarily reduce flights operated with wide-body planes by 15%.

[healthtimetaylor]

This meta-analysis showed that running participation is associated with lower risk of all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality.

PMID:  Br J Sports Med. 2019 Nov 4. Epub 2019 Nov 4. PMID: 31685526 Abstract Title:  Is running associated with a lower risk of all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality, and is the more the better? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Abstract:  OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of running participation and the dose of running with the risk of all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality.DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis.DATA SOURCES: Journal articles, conference papers and doctoral theses indexed in Academic Search Ultimate, CINAHL, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition, MasterFILE Complete, Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, Open Access Theses and Dissertations, PsycINFO, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science.ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES: Prospective cohort studies on the association between running or jogging participation and the risk of all-cause, cardiovascular and/or cancer mortality in a non-clinical population of adults were included.RESULTS: Fourteen studies from six prospective cohorts with a pooled sample of 232 149 participants were included. In total, 25 951 deaths were recorded during 5.5-35 year follow-ups. Our meta-analysis showed that running participation is associated with 27%, 30% and 23% lower risk of all-cause (pooled adjusted hazard ratio (HR)=0.73; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.68 to 0.79), cardiovascular (HR=0.70; 95% CI 0.49 to 0.98) and cancer (HR=0.77; 95% CI 0.68 to 0.87) mortality, respectively, compared with no running. A meta-regression analysis showed no significant dose-response trends for weekly frequency, weekly duration, pace and the total volume of running.CONCLUSION: Increased rates of participation in running, regardless of its dose, would probably lead to substantial improvements in population health and longevity. Any amount of running, even just once a week, is better than no running, but higher doses of running may not necessarily be associated with greater mortality benefits.

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[healthtimetaylor]

Tart cherry concentrate may enhance endurance exercise performance.

PMID:  J Am Coll Nutr. 2020 Jan 27:1-8. Epub 2020 Jan 27. PMID: 31986108 Abstract Title:  Effect of Tart Cherry Concentrate on Endurance Exercise Performance: A Meta-analysis. Abstract:  Tart cherry concentrate has been shown to improve muscle function, and reduce muscle damage, oxidative stress/inflammation, and muscle soreness in athletes; however, evidence for acute endurance performance benefits is scarce. The purpose of this review was to evaluate the effect of tart cherry juice on endurance exercise performance with a meta-analysis.Data sources included Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Eligibility criteria were randomized controlled trials with endurance exercise performance tests. Participants were healthy individuals. Interventions included tart cherry supplementation and placebo ingested before, and/or on the day of exercise. Ten studies were included (totaling 127 males and 20 females). Standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated for each study and pooled effects were assessed.Tart cherry concentrate in juice or powdered form, ingested for 7 days to 1.5 hours before exercise performance testing significantly improved endurance exercise performance (SMD: 0.36; 95% CI: 0.07 to 0.64; = 0.01; = 0%) upon pooling of the ten studies.Tart cherry concentrate has a significant benefit for endurance exercise performance. Key teaching pointsTart cherry concentrate has a significant benefit for endurance exercise performance.Tart cherry concentrate may enhance endurance exercise performance via its low glycemic index, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative capacity, and blood flow enhancing effects.

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[healthtimetaylor]

Cryotherapy could be a viable intervention that can significantly reduce the occurrence of severe oral mucositis.

PMID:  Int J Nurs Pract. 2019 Oct ;25(5):e12759. Epub 2019 Jul 9. PMID: 31290244 Abstract Title:  Meta-analysis of oral cryotherapy in preventing oral mucositis associated with cancer therapy. Abstract:  AIMS: To review scientific evidence related to oral cryotherapy to prevent oral mucositis after cancer therapy.BACKGROUND: Oral mucositis is a common complication of cancer therapy. In the most severe form of oral mucositis, patients cannot eat or drink at all and must receive nutrition and fluid replacement through parenteral support. Topical cooling of the oral mucosa may be an option for the prevention of oral mucositis.DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis.DATA SOURCES: The literature search was performed using the Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL Complete electronic databases for articles published up to 2017. The reference lists of all retrieved articles were manually reviewed to identify additional relevant studies.RESULTS: Of 353 publications, 15 randomized controlled trials, involving 919 cancer patients, conducted between 1994 and 2017 were included in the present meta-analysis. Oral cryotherapy, applied during treatment of solid cancers, led to a statistically lower level (P 

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[healthtimetaylor]

Low-level laser therapy reduces pain and disability in knee osteoarthritis.

PMID:  BMJ Open. 2019 Oct 28 ;9(10):e031142. Epub 2019 Oct 28. PMID: 31662383 Abstract Title:  Efficacy of low-level laser therapy on pain and disability in knee osteoarthritis: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised placebo-controlled trials. Abstract:  OBJECTIVES: Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is not recommended in major knee osteoarthritis (KOA) treatment guidelines. We investigated whether a LLLT dose-response relationship exists in KOA.DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis.DATA SOURCES: Eligible articles were identified through PubMed, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Physiotherapy Evidence Database and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials on 18 February 2019, reference lists, a book, citations and experts in the field.ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES: We solely included randomised placebo-controlled trials involving participants with KOA according to the American College of Rheumatology and/or Kellgren/Lawrence criteria, in which LLLT was applied to participants' knee(s). There were no language restrictions.DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: The included trials were synthesised with random effects meta-analyses and subgrouped by dose using the World Association for Laser Therapy treatment recommendations. Cochrane's risk-of-bias tool was used.RESULTS: 22 trials (n=1063) were meta-analysed. Risk of bias was insignificant. Overall, pain was significantly reduced by LLLT compared with placebo at the end of therapy (14.23 mm Visual Analogue Scale (VAS; 95% CI 7.31 to 21.14)) and during follow-ups 1-12 weeks later (15.92 mm VAS (95% CI 6.47 to 25.37)). The subgroup analysis revealed that pain was significantly reduced by the recommended LLLT doses compared with placebo at the end of therapy (18.71 mm (95% CI 9.42 to 27.99)) and during follow-ups 2-12 weeks after the end of therapy (23.23 mm VAS (95% CI 10.60 to 35.86)). The pain reduction from the recommended LLLT doses peaked during follow-ups 2-4 weeks after the end of therapy (31.87 mm VAS significantly beyond placebo (95% CI 18.18 to 45.56)). Disability was also statistically significantly reduced by LLLT. No adverse events were reported.CONCLUSION: LLLT reduces pain and disability in KOA at 4-8 J with 785-860 nm wavelength and at 1-3 J with 904 nm wavelength per treatment spot.PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42016035587.

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[healthtimetaylor]

Fortification of food with vitamin A or zinc, not immunization, was the most cost effective intervention to promote children's health.

PMID:  BMJ. 2005 Nov 19 ;331(7526):1177. Epub 2005 Nov 10. PMID: 16282378 Abstract Title:  Cost effectiveness analysis of strategies for child health in developing countries. Abstract:  OBJECTIVE: To determine the costs and effectiveness of selected child health interventions-namely, case management of pneumonia, oral rehydration therapy, supplementation or fortification of staple foods with vitamin A or zinc, provision of supplementary food with counselling on nutrition, and immunisation against measles.DESIGN: Cost effectiveness analysis.DATA SOURCES: Efficacy data came from published systematic reviews and before and after evaluations of programmes. For resource inputs, quantities came from literature and expert opinion, and prices from the World Health Organization Choosing Interventions that are Cost Effective (WHO-CHOICE) database,RESULTS: Cost effectiveness ratios clustered in three groups, with fortification with zinc or vitamin A as the most cost effective intervention, and provision of supplementary food and counselling on nutrition as the least cost effective. Between these were oral rehydration therapy, case management of pneumonia, vitamin A or zinc supplementation, and measles immunisation.CONCLUSIONS: On the grounds of cost effectiveness, micronutrients and measles immunisation should be provided routinely to all children, in addition to oral rehydration therapy and case management of pneumonia for those who are sick. The challenge of malnutrition is not well addressed by existing interventions.

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