Refleksi Kritis Setahun Pagebluk #0: Pendahuluan
Telah banyak filsuf dan ahli yang berusaha menjelaskan dan membuat prediksi bagaimana situasi pasca pandemi di dunia dan dampak jangka panjangnya terhadap peradaban manusia. Masalahnya, kita masih tidak bisa mengatakan “pandemi ini telah mengubah kita sebagai umat manusia,” karena dalam kondisi sekarangpun pandemi ini masih sangat jauh dari kata usai. Dengan ancaman gelombang kedua di Eropa dan ketidakpastian hasil uji klinis vaksin di beberapa negara Asia dan Afrika, umat manusia dihadapkan kepada kondisi serba tidak jelas dan tidak tidak pasti. Meskipun telah dihantam oleh berbagai masalah sepanjang sejarah, manusia tetap eksis dan berhasil mempertahankan kedudukannya di puncak piramida makanan dalam hampir semua ekosistem di planet ini. Untuk merayakan (hampir) setahun pandemi COVID-19, saya akan mencoba merangkumkan beberapa hasil perenungan atas masalah-masalah yang nampaknya harus kita hadapi pasca pandemi. Karena cukup panjang, maka tulisan ini akan saya bagi-bagi menjadi 9 bagian, masing-masing 400-500 kata.
Berikut sumber yang saya gunakan untuk penulisan serial ini:
Nassar, Dalia. The conditions of life: Why philosophers are pushing back against the shutdown. ABC Religion and Ethics, Opinion (12 May 2020). https://www.abc.net.au/religion/lessons-from-coronavirus-shutdown-for-the-environmental-movement/12176256.
Redacción MAPFRE. Philosophy and coronavirus, how the pandemic is changing us. MAPFRE Transformation (5 August 2020). https://www.mapfre.com/en/insights/transformation/philosophy-coronavirus-pandemic/.
Marder, Michael. The Coronavirus Is Us. The New York Times, The Stone (3 March 2020). https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/03/opinion/the-coronavirus-is-us.html.
Asma, Stephen T. Does the Pandemic Have a Purpose? The New York Times, The Stone (16 April 2020). https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/16/opinion/covid-philosophy.html.
Authers, John. How Coronavirus Is Shaking Up the Moral Universe. Bloomberg Opinion, Technology and Ideas (29 March 2020). https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2020-03-29/coronavirus-pandemic-puts-moral-philosophy-to-the-test.
Peters, M.A., 2020. Philosophy and Pandemic in the Postdigital Era: Foucault, Agamben, Žižek. Postdigital Science and Education 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42438-020-00117-4
Sementara bahan bacaan lanjutan yang bisa kalian baca ada disini:
Dawkins, R., 1991. Viruses of the Mind, in: Dennett and His Critics: Demystifying Mind. Blackwell, Cambridge.
O’Malley, M.A., 2016. The ecological virus. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 59, 71–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsc.2016.02.012
Oxford, J., 2004. Nature’s biological weapon. Nature 429, 345–346. https://doi.org/10.1038/429345a
Parikka, J., 2016. Digital contagions: a media archaeology of computer viruses. Peter Lang, New York.
Peters, M.A., Jandrić, P., McLaren, P., 2020a. Viral modernity? epidemics, infodemics, and the ‘bioinformational’ paradigm. Educational Philosophy and Theory 0, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2020.1744226
Peters, M.A., McLaren, P., Jandrić, P., 2020b. A viral theory of post-truth. Educational Philosophy and Theory 0, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2020.1750090
Pradeu, T., Kostyrka, G., Dupré, J., 2016. Understanding viruses: Philosophical investigations. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 59, 57–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsc.2016.02.008
Rohwer, F., Barott, K., 2013. Viral information. Biol Philos 28, 283–297. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10539-012-9344-0
Wasik, B.R., Turner, P.E., 2013. On the Biological Success of Viruses. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 67, 519–541. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-micro-090110-102833
Woolhouse, M., Scott, F., Hudson, Z., Howey, R., Chase-Topping, M., 2012. Human viruses: discovery and emergence. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 367, 2864–2871. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0354
Daftar tulisan-tulisan saya yang lain bisa diakses disini ya.
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GRAPH 2013.01: “C’est Maniaque Takarazuka” (Sagiri Seina / Misuzu Aki/ Souno Haruto / Sahana Mako)
It is now September 18th in my part of the world too, so...
Happy Birthday Chigi (ノ◕ヮ◕)ノ*:・゚✧
In celebration, here is Chigi, Mattsu, Niwa and Kyabii being GIANT zuka nerds, and extremely relatable while doing so. Recommended read for literally everyone (and since this Graph issue is a few months shy of being 5 years old, look at these incredible, pure fan smiles xD)
-Declare your love for XX!-
Misuzu: In this case, I probably want to declare my love for Yan-san (Anju Mira). The reason I seriously fell in love with Takarazuka, was Yan-san. And as an onnayaku too! Usually, otokoyaku Yan-san gives off this “how cool!” vibe, right? But that was completely different, I was like “Who is this person?”
Sagiri: Which production was that?
Misuzu: “The Flash”. During Natsume-san’s (Ooura Mizuki) Top Star era.
Sagiri: Right!
Misuzu: For more details, I talked about it in “C’est Maniaque Takarazuka”, GRAPH 2012.03 issue! *laughs* [1]
Sagiri: *laughs* As for me, I loved the YanMiki combi (Anju Mira & Maya Miki), and what I loved the most about Yan-san is her opening announcements!
Misuzu/Souno/Sahana: Oh really!
Sagiri: I have a thing for opening announcements, and those were some goosebump-inducing ones *laughs*
Souno: Is that so *laughs*
Sagiri: I felt something very grownup there, that spoke to my little heart when I was still a child. The impression I have of Yan-san is her opening announcements *laughs* My favourite plays of hers that constantly compete for the title and switch between 1st and 2nd place are “Sorrowful Cordoba” and “Melancholic Gigolo”.
Misuzu: I was in both of those when they got restaged. [2]
Sagiri: What was it like, performing them? I sometimes think I might be no good if I had to perform in a play I’ve always loved
Misuzu: Yeah. “Melancolic Gigolo” was one of my favourites too and I watched it a lot, so I was at a loss about how I should do it… I had the role of Barotte, but watching it and performing it…
Sagiri: ...they’re totally different things, indeed. You already have this fixed image of the play after all.
Misuzu: Yeah. Once I did it it was an interesting experience, though.
Souno: I loved Kodai Mizuki who used to be in Snow Troupe! Of course, I watched the Top Stars too, but I was paying lots of attention to everyone around them too. I loved striking people with old-school gravitas. I was all about that vibe.
Misuzu: She was so wonderful. I get you! I get that!
Sagiri: She was so cool!
Souno: I would even put portraits of Kodai-san from the Takarazuka magazines inside my pencil board… [3]
Sagiri: Yes! I totally did that too!
Misuzu/Sahana: *laughing*
Souno: I did that during my school years.
Sahana: I had my Takarazuka goods confiscated at school, and got told off very badly!
Misuzu/Souno/Sagiri: Whaaat? Really?
Souno: Was it not allowed?
Sahana: I was called to the teachers’ office twice!
Misuzu/Souno/Sagiri: *cracking up*
Sagiri: What kind of goods was it?
Sahana: Uhm, there used to be those pocket size portrait photos… [4]
Sagiri: Yesyes, those!
Sahana: I had collected lots of them, put them in a box and kept them in bundles
Misuzu/Souno/Sagiri: *explosive laughter*
Sahana: So because I had that with me, it was taken away, and I was summoned to the teachers’ office… Where I said “Please give it back!”
Souno: And did they give it back?
Sahana: *nods*
Souno: But you got reprimanded again?
Sahana: Yes. The second time I told the teacher again to “Please give it back!”. And when they did, they had stuck a note on the box that said “I’m giving it back, but from now on you should grow up, and be pure, proper and beautiful”!
Souno: Aaah, that’s no good!
Sahana: I got so super mad, I ripped off the note right in front of the teacher’s eyes and ate it!
Misuzu/Souno/Sagiri: *in stitches*
Misuzu: She ate it! HAHAHA *laughing*
Sagiri: Why would you eat it? *laughing* But that in itself was a total act of defiance
Sahana: Exactly, I just got so ticked off.
Sagiri: The thing you loved so much was taken away from you, no wonder.
Souno: And to be told such a thing on top of everything, that was the worst, eh?
Sahana: It really was!
Misuzu: Using it against you is really no good. It has the opposite effect.
Sahana: Exactly!
Souno: *laughs* That kind of thing happened to me too. In the morning, when I was sleeping, my mother would come in the room and say “Wake up! Wake up quick!”. Then, my father chimed in with “Kodai-san is calling youuu~”
Misuzu/Sagiri/Sahana: *clapping hands and dying of laughter*
Sagiri: Makes you go “As if she would be!”
Souno: Right!! And on top of that, sometimes he’d mess up and say “Godai-san”
Misuzu/Sagiri/Sahana: *roaring laughter*
Souno: “It’s Kodai-san!!!!” I’d answer, super angrily *laughs*
Sagiri: But you did wake up alright *laughing*
Souno: True. *laughs* But I really didn’t want them to use this against me, for such a thing.
Misuzu: I get it, I do.
Souno: Everyone has a story like this after all! I got really fired up, all of a sudden.
Misuzu/Sagiri/Sahana: *laughing*
Sahana: I guess I’m not declaring love to anyone in particular, I’m declaring my love for portrait photos after all *laughs* I really loved collecting all of them, otokoyaku and musumeyaku photos alike. At the time there weren’t many shops, and -since I’m from Tokyo- I went all the way to Shinjuku to buy them
Souno: I’d also go there to buy video tapes and the like! I wonder if it’s still there? That place under Kinokuniya. [5]
Sahana: Yes, yes! That’s the place!
Souno: It was a tiny little shop, but once I stepped inside I’d get all light-headed *laughs*
Misuzu/Sagiri: *laugh*
Misuzu: What was the one in Osaka… ah, I guess there was this really tiny store in a corner inside the Hankyu Department Store
Souno: It’s all the tiny ones after all
Sagiri/Sahana: *burst out laughing*
Misuzu: Everything was all cramped up in a tiny bit of space *laughs*
Sagiri: In Nagasaki, no one around me knew about Takarazuka. Therefore, even though I had the pencil board, I’d absolutely get asked “what’s with that?”
Misuzu: What did they think it was?
Sagiri: A relative’s kid once said “that’s a man wearing lipstick!”. I’d explain “that’s not a man, you know”, but they wouldn’t understand, and explaining was a bother. So, I did have a Takarazuka pencil board… but I was too embarrassed to use it… I had that kind of dilemma *laughs*
Souno: Having your stuff seen by people and get all kinds of comments about it, makes you go like, “it’s on a different level!”, so to say
Sagiri: That’s it! Whole different level!
Misuzu: Into the zone of enlightenment? *laughs*
Souno/Sagiri/Sahana: *laugh*
Sagiri: Then, thinking I should finally drop my reservations, write it all down in an essay and announce it publicly, I read out my feelings about Takarazuka during some event like a class meeting
Misuzu/Souno/Sahana: Hu~h!
Sagiri: Once I did, there unexpectedly were people who said “oh, I know that” and others who told me “I have no idea what that is, but I support you in chasing after your dream!”.
Misuzu/Souno/Sahana: Woooo~w!
Misuzu: What a great outcome
Sagiri: Yet even after that, I was still too embarrassed to use the pencil board openly.
Sahana: But you came out of the closet *laughs*
Sagiri: Yes, in public! *laughs*
Souno: Probably at around the same time as Chigi-chan (Sagiri), I gave a speech in English, “I LOVE TAKARAZUKA”
Sagiri: *in stitches*
Souno: Total embarrassment! We both came out, and mine was in English too *laughs*
Misuzu: You’re sooo~ coo~l
Souno: Using up all of my English knowledge at the time, I ended the speech with “I love Takarazuka, forever”
Misuzu/Sagiri/Sahana: *roaring laughter*
Sagiri: You should have played the BGM to that
Misuzu: “Forever Takarazuka”, right *laughs*
Souno: Since then, everyone called me “Takarazuka”
Misuzu/Sagiri/Sahana: *cracking up hard*
-A song you unconsciously start humming-
Misuzu: Ah! For me it’s the theme song from “Spartacus”
Souno/Sagiri/Sahana: ♪ Itsumo yume mitetaaaa ♪ (I always dreamed a dream)
Misuzu: That one! Also, “Amore Scusami” that Mineoka Nachi sings during the duet dance in the finale
Sagiri/Sahana: Aah!
Misuzu: I couldn’t sing that high, but I loved it so much I always sung it trying to imitate her
Souno: How great is that!
Misuzu: Also, it’s not humming, but I could do the entire prologue of “The Flash”!
Souno/Sagiri/Sahana: Ama~zing!
Sagiri: For me it’s the one that’s like “Commando~!”. Which prologue was that?
Misuzu: What’s that again?
Souno/Sagiri/Sahana: ♪ Commandooo~ ♪
Sagiri: “Spartacus”, I guess. It was so amazing, they went like *gets up from the chair and performs that scene’s choreography*
Misuzu/Souno/Sagiri: BWAHAHAHAHAHA
Misuzu: I think that was probably in the prologue
Sagiri: Prologue, right. I think while Yan-san or some other star was on stage, Miki-san comes out from somewhere out of the spotlight in the back at stage left *laughs*
Misuzu/Souno/Sahana: *in stitches*
Sagiri: It was like “BOOM”. I really really! Cannot forget that *laughs* Miki-san’s voice climbing up like “Commando~ ⤴”, like she’s shifting pitch maybe
Souno: She did that! So unique.
Sagiri: That really stayed with me *laughs*
Misuzu/Sahana: It does stick, it really does!
Souno: Miki-san always did that, in every song
Misuzu: Uh, there’s also the one that goes “A dandy~, a dandy~” ♪
Sagiri: Yes yes! *laughs*
Souno: That prologue from “Dandyism” was so good
Misuzu/Sagiri/Sahana: So cool!!
-I love this outfit!-
Misuzu: The outfits from the finale grand staircase in “Fancy Touch”, and another one I can’t leave out is Yan-san’s white outfit from the “Spartacus” duet dance. Oh! There’s another one! Yan-san’s beige suit from “Hyper Stage”! [6]
Souno/Sagiri/Sahana: *laugh*
Misuzu: In her farewell speech, Yan-san wasn’t in a hakama, she was wearing that suit. Also, and sorry for mentioning so many *laughs*, the ones during the raid in “Chuushingura”! [7]
Souno/Sagiri/Sahana: Aaah, yes yes!
Sagiri: That was really amazing!
Misuzu: When everyone came down the Grand Staircase in those outfits I was blown away!
Souno/Sagiri/Sahana: Yup, yup.
Sagiri: I thought the outfits from “Hyper Stage”’s prologue were very original, I loved those. Didn’t they also have a mic or something across one cheek?
Sahana: Yes, that’s right!
Misuzu: Back then!
Sagiri: Yes! “Cutting-edge fashion!” I thought *laughs*
Misuzu/Souno/Sahana: I knowww *in stitches*
Sagiri: The choreography went like this!
Everyone: *starts dancing* Hyper Stage! Hyper Stage!
Misuzu: Director Ishida’s prologues are quite cosplay-style
Souno: The onnayaku’s mini skirts were super cute! “TAKE OFF”’s outfits too.
Everyone: *singing loudly* ♪ Take Off! Chikara no kagiri boku wa utau! Kimi no tameee~ ♪ *laugh*
Misuzu: They were wearing gakuran uniforms, right? [8]
Souno: That too, was so cool!
Sahana: Me, I really loved Takane Fubuki’s military uniforms in “Romanesque Mask”. The musumeyaku wore lots of chic dresses, with beautiful texture like velour. But especially Takane-san in that uniform was truly cool!
Misuzu/Souno/Sagiri: Yeah, she was so beautiful!
Sagiri: Like, don’t you think it’s incredible? Even though we used to live in different places, and lead different lives, we all get this fired up over the same theme!
Misuzu/Souno/Sahana: It really, really is!
Sagiri: It’s all of our youth bottled up in there!
Souno: You have a way with words. That’s exactly it.
Sagiri: So full of memories!
Souno: It was so much fun!
Misuzu/Sagiri/Sahana: *laugh*
Souno: I feel like my skin is smooth and glossy now!
Sahana: It really feels like we got rejuvenated!
Everyone: *laughs*
Notes:
[1] the 2012 format of this corner had short blurbs from Takarasiennes and readers alike talking about something that left an impression on them from their fan days. I don’t have the issue Mattsu is referring to, if anyone does and would like to see it translated / added to the post, by all means message me!
[2] Flower Troupe 2008 for “Melancholic Gigolo” and 2009 for “Sorrowful Cordoba, both starring Matobu Sei and Sakurano Ayane
[3] Shitajiki https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pencil_board some shitajiki are made up of two sheets and one can insert flyers or photos inside them
[4] Also called stills; the headshots taken for each show’s program (example: http://www.tca-pictures.net/quatre/bromide/1704013.html )
[5] probably talking about 柳花堂, it closed in April 2013
[6] Reference Photos:
Fancy Touch:
Beige suit:
[7] Same outfits as the show’s prologue
[8] Reference photo
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