#CRL in Pregnancy

[jammiscanstamil]

[coolcatscloset]

Check out this listing I just added to my Poshmark closet: AG Full Panel The Legging Skinny Maternity Jeans X.

[hipernikao]

🚼 ¿Sabías que el Colegio Americano de Obstetras y Ginecólogos, el Instituto Americano de Ultrasonido en Medicina y la Sociedad de Medicina Materno-Fetal tienen recomendaciones específicas para estimar la edad gestacional y las fechas de parto durante el embarazo? Las mediciones ecográficas en el primer trimestre son clave para determinar con precisión la edad gestacional y las fechas de parto. La longitud de la corona y la grupa (CRL) de hasta 13 6/7 semanas es el método más preciso, con una precisión de ±5-7 días. El diámetro medio del saco no se recomienda para la datación. Después de 14 semanas, utilice otros parámetros biométricos. ¡Confíe en las primeras mediciones de CRL para una datación confiable! #pregnancy #ultrasound #duedate #ultrasound #pregnancydating #accurateEDD

[seemabhatnagar]

‘An embarrassing mistake’

Sapna v. State of GNCT Delhi & Others

WP(Crl): 3141/2023

Before High Court of Delhi

The Corpus of the girl was produced before the #DelhiHighCourt hence the #WritPetition was disposed of on November 3, 2023 by the Division Bench of Hon’ble Mr. Justice Suresh Kumar Kait & Hon’ble Madam Justice Shalinder Kaur J

Background:

This Writ was filed by the Petitioner mother praying for directing the Respondent State to produce his daughter before the Court.

Fact:

1.    It was submitted by the petitioner mother that her daughter was friendly to Suraj who was living in their neighborhood.

2.    He #allured her into #love and #affection and made physical relations with her. He had also made #illicitvideos making them #viral on #Instagram repeatedly. She further averred that her #daughter who is a #minor, could not understand the #gravity of her #actions.

3.    An #FIR u/s #463* IPC was lodged by the mother against the Respondent on 20.09.2023.

4.    Petitioner had also submitted that she has not spoken to her daughter after 08.10.2023 and she has repeatedly requested the police to help her come in contact with her daughter.

5.    She was informed that her daughter is safe and enjoying family life with her husband.

6.    She also submits that her daughter being a minor has been raped multiple times by the accused and therefore, she is approaching this Court to save her daughter from the clutches of respondent No. 3-accused.

Submission of the State

1.    The accused is in judicial custody and the missing girl has been recovered and her statement under Section #164 Cr. P.C. has been recorded.

2.    The victim/girl is pregnant by six weeks.

Courts observation

1.    The girl informed the Court that she is 6 weeks’ pregnant and want to go with her parents.

2.    Parents of the girl informed the Court that that this is #not the #firsttime that their minor daughter has been #allured or is carrying pregnancy and this time, they #do #notwish to #takeher to their #house.

3.    Since the victim girl was #recovered hence the #prayer of the petitioner is #satisfied.

4.    As the parents of the girl refused to take their daughter with them, as such, Court directed SI from Bharatnagar Police Station to bring the the minor girl to #NirmalChhaya*, Jail Road, New Delhi.

Section 463*IPC - Whoever makes any false document or false electronic record or part of a document or electronic record, with intent to cause damage or injury], to the public or to any person, or to support any claim or title, or to cause any person to part with property, or to enter into any express or implied contract, or with intent to commit fraud or that fraud may be committed, commits forgery.

Nirmal Chhaya* - An institution set up to provide temporary shelter to the needy women/girls in the age group of 18-45 years in distress, pending their restoration in their families or admission in suitable institutions.

Seema Bhatnagar

[mcatmemoranda]

Ultrasound measurement of crown-rump length is considered the most reliable (+/- 4 to 5 days) in the first trimester. Other means to date the pregnancy include: fetal heart tones that have been documented for 20 weeks by a non-electronic fetoscope or for 30 weeks by Doppler; it has been 36 weeks since a positive serum or urine Beta-hCG pregnancy test was performed by a reliable laboratory; an ultrasound measurement of the crown-rump length obtained at six to 12 weeks supports a gestational age of at least 39 weeks; and an ultrasound obtained at 13 to 20 weeks confirms the gestational age of at least 39 weeks determined by clinical history and physical examination. Clearly, these means are not as useful in early pregnancy, but in confirming the length of pregnancy. Serum progesterone levels are used to help establish if a pregnancy is progressing normally and not an ectopic, miscarriage or fetal demise. Uterine size on pelvic exam and measurement of the gestational sac are not as reliable as early ultrasound measuring the crown-rump length..

[nickelcondor5]

Clinical and Biomarker Is caused by Cycle I/II Research regarding PI3K Inhibitor Ruxolitinib plus Nab-paclitaxel within HER2-Negative Stage 4 colon cancer

2 +/- Of sixteen.4% versus ERL: Seventy one.6 +/- All day and.9%) and CAL beliefs (CPS: One.Your five +/- 2.0mm compared to ERL: One particular.A couple of +/- Two.0mm) in comparison with the actual ERL group. In both groups, scientific final results weren't right affected by the first problem setup. Conclusion: The 4-year scientific final results received following blended surgery resective/regenerative treatment associated with superior peri-implantitis weren't affected by the technique of surface area decontamination.Objective To evaluate the particular performance involving very first trimester baby head as well as start volume (FHTV) in projecting development interference in two being pregnant. Methods Many of us researched 46 twin twos from 11 as well as 14 days for you to #Link# shipping and delivery #Link# . There were 30 dichorionic (76%) and 11 monochorionic (24%) a pregnancy. FHTV has been examined by VOCALTM. The inter-twin difference throughout FHTV, crown-rump duration (CRL) and birthweight (BW) have been determined by an inter-twin big difference higher than 15%. Progress retardation was looked as BW for at least one twin below the Tenth percentile. Results There are 17 circumstances (37%) regarding FHTV difference. BW difference and also growth retardation had been much more considerably recurrent in cases with FHTV difference compared to without having [11/17 (Sixty four.7%) versus 4/29 (Thirteen.8%), S Is equal to 2.0004 along with 7/17 (Forty one.2%) compared to 3/29 (Ten.3%), R Equals 2.10, respectively]. Your recognition of BW discordance along with progress retardation ended up considerably increased when utilizing FHTV discordance as compared to CRL discrepancy from the very first trimester [11/15 (73%) vs 2/15 (Tough luck.3%), R Is equal to 0.00001 and 7/10 (70%) as opposed to 1/10 (10%), P Is equal to 0.0001, respectively]. Conclusion FHTV disparity can be a forecaster with regard to expansion dysfunction in baby twins. Copyright laws (D) Next year Steve Wiley & Daughters, Ltd.Endemic Lupus erythematosus (SLE) can be an autoimmune condition caused, in part, by simply abnormalities inside cellular material with the immune system which include N as well as Big t cells. Genetically lowering internationally the term of the ETS transcribing factor FLI1 through 50% by 50 percent lupus computer mouse versions substantially boosts ailment measures as well as success through an unknown device. With this research we all examine the effects of minimizing FLI1 in the MRL/lpr lupus vulnerable style about To cell perform. All of us demonstrate that adoptive change in MRL/lpr Fli1(+/+) or Fli1(+/-) Big t cells and also N tissue directly into Rag1-deficient rodents results in significantly reduced serum immunoglobulin quantities within pets getting Fli1(+/-) lupus T cellular material in comparison with creatures obtaining Fli1(+/+) lupus Big t tissues no matter the genotype regarding co-transferred lupus B tissue. Former mate vivo analyses associated with MRL/lpr Big t cellular material demonstrated that Fli1(+/-) Capital t tissue produce significantly less IL-4 throughout early and also late ailment and also displayed drastically lowered TCR-specific account activation through early on disease #Link# when compared with Fli1(+/+) T tissue. Moreover, the particular Fli1(+/-) To cellular material portrayed a lot less neuraminidase One particular (Neu1) message along with reduced NEU exercise in the course of earlier ailment as well as substantially lowered numbers of glycosphingolipids through past due illness compared to Fli1(+/+) T cellular material.

[baby-3d-ultrasound]

What are the advantages of pregnancy ultrasounds?

Ultrasound imaging innovation has been utilized in medication since the 1950s. It utilizes high-recurrence sound waves to make a picture of within your body and is much of the time utilized in pregnancy.

One of the primary advantages of utilizing ultrasound imaging during pregnancy is that it can affirm assuming you are as a matter of fact pregnant. Obstetrical ultrasounds can be performed whenever during pregnancy, however the earliest that an incipient organism is normally noticeable with a heartbeat is at around a month and a half development.

Otherwise called sonography, ultrasound imaging utilizes a little transducer (test) to both send sound waves into the body and record the waves that reverberation back. Sound waves travel into the area being inspected until they hit a limit between tissues, like among liquid and delicate tissue, or delicate tissue and bone. At these limits a portion of the sound waves are reflected back to the test, while others travel further until they arrive at one more limit and are reflected back. Since the speed, bearing, and distance sound waves travel vary contingent upon the limit they run into, a PC can decipher this data as a two-layered picture on a screen. It can give a point by point image of the incipient organism and the uterus.

What number of ULTRASOUNDS WILL I RECEIVE DURING PREGNANCY? Most pregnancies have an incubation time of 40 weeks, and during this time you could have at least four ultrasounds. These tests assist your PCP with checking the soundness of you and your child and illuminate care choices.

During the principal trimester of pregnancy (under 14 weeks), your PCP will frequently demand an early obstetrical ultrasound, in some cases called a dating ultrasound. It's best performed around, or following, seven weeks and will affirm whether you are pregnant, as well as the quantity of children you're anticipating.

To assess the gestational age of your child and subsequently your due date, the sonographer will gauge your child (called an undeveloped organism as of now of incubation) through and through, recording the crown-backside length (CRL). At seven weeks your child is normally about the size of a nut and measures around 10 mm long. During your test, your child's prosperity will likewise be evaluated by seeing and archiving your child's pulse. Your uterus and encompassing organs will likewise be analyzed.

In your most memorable trimester your PCP may likewise demand a nuchal clarity ultrasound to assist with deciding your child's gamble of having one of a few hereditary circumstances. During this test, your sonographer will take a particular estimation of the skin thickness at the rear of the neck, and it's performed between 11 weeks and 13 weeks, 6 days.

During your subsequent trimester, at 18 to 20 weeks pregnant, your PCP will demand a definite obstetrical ultrasound. Some of the time called an anatomic ultrasound, this test includes your sonographer taking numerous estimations of your child from head-to-toe to decide how well your child is developing. The person will catch pictures to see the advancement of your child's cerebrum, face, heart, spine, chest, significant organs, arms, legs, feet, and hands.

Your sonographer will likewise analyze the place of your placenta, the vessels in the umbilical rope, how much amniotic liquid, and your cervix, uterus, ovaries, and bladder for irregularities. It's likewise during this test when the orientation of your child may initially be noticeable - in the event that the child is in a decent position.

If necessary, you may likewise have a biophysical profile and development ultrasound. These tests assist with observing your child's development and prosperity. Your child's pulse, breathing, developments, muscle tone, and amniotic liquid will be evaluated, as well as fetal size. Some of the time infants become greater or tiny, so doctors might demand such a ultrasound to assist with guaranteeing a solid pregnancy.

Our Last Blog is---  Benefits and Risks of Ultrasound in Pregnancy

[kalethegrey]

Some of my favourite Nrass mods

1) Master controller

this is good for playing game, you don’t need to “crl+shift + c” and do testing cheatsnenabled true, this mod allows you do multiple things, including stylist was is basically allows you to change your outfit but not mod your sims face ect   you can use master controller to go in CAS

I use master controller with these add ones that you can download with it

cheats 

Integration

expanded Tattoos

progression 

2). Story progression 

this mod allows you to clear up your town/world and keep the game running smooth, this mod is good for helping you run your game smooth and maintaining that a ton of sims do not build up in your town to cause a lot of lag 

3) Animator

smoother animations 

4). Careers

this mod allows you to add on more custom Careers, your ability to use add-on they provide in the page what you can go to town hall and get a part-time job or a different Career in mind this does add on a realisic value to the game

the add ons i have in my game that your able to download on the page 

Schools

Part-Time

Tones

The Family

Unemployed

Self Employed

Homemaker

Academics

5). Debug 

basically debugs and resets a sim if there stuck 

6) Decensor 

gets rid of that mosaic mess that ea give you when your sim gets naked or pees in there pants xD

7) overwatch 

this overwatches you gave as the name surgest, this also fixes any errors in core game or other mod errors, lets you control tourist and stuff and lets you stop them coming into your town 

8) Porter

this mod allows you to pack your whole town up and move to another town, though I loved this mod I don’t know if this is glitch now but my whole family pack up into on file and all the money goes to your current family 

9) Register

no clue what this mod does tbh xD just have it chilling in there 

10) saver

this mod is good for saving it will pop up every 30 mins to get you to save your game, what is handy sometimes 

11) traffic 

helps keep control if the traffic allowing you stop a build up of 2000 taxis in town 

12) Woohooer

this one allows you have control of the baby count and woohooing the addon I use also allows me to do male pregnancy 

scoring 

[juniperpublisherscasestudies]

Juniper Publishers- Open Access Journal of Case Studies

Spontaneous Heterotopic Triplet Pregnancy with Tubal Ruptured Ectopic Gestation

Authored by Maheshgir Gosavi

Case Report

A 29-year-old woman (gravida 1 para 0) presented to the emergency department with a complaint of sudden onset of right-sided lower abdominal pain in the setting of a recent positive home pregnancy test. Her last known menstrual period was 10 weeks days prior to her presentation. She had no history of pelvic inflammatory disease or fertility treatment. On physical examination, she was hemodynamically stable with a blood pressure of 110/60mmHg and heart rate of 82 beats/min. Abdominal examination demonstrated a distended abdomen with diffuse abdominal tenderness that was maximal in the right iliac fossa with rebound tenderness and signs of peritonism. Cervical tenderness was elicited during bimanual examination, with cervical excitation maximal in the right adnexa. Per speculum examination demonstrated a long, closed, posterior cervical os with no bleeding.

Transvaginal sonography demonstrated 3 gestational sacs- 2 intrauterine and 1 right adnexal

The crown rump lengths (CRL) of the twin intrauterine fetuses were

F1 -- 3.3cm corresponding to gestations of 10 weeks and 2 days and

F2 -- 0.8cm corresponding to 6 weeks and 6 days, respectively

F1 shows normal cardiac activity

F2 shows absent cardiac activity with non viable gestation.

The right adnexa showed a mixed echogenic predominantly hyperechoic mass measuring approximately 6.8x 4.6cm. Mass showed minimal vascularity.

Right ovary was visualised separately

Left ovary was visualised and appears normal.

Ultrasonographic evidence of hemoperitoneum was present with a mild amount of free fluid within the pelvis (Figure 1 & 2).

The patient underwent urgent laparoscopy that confirmed a ruptured right tubal ectopic pregnancy with hemoperitoneum. A laparoscopic right salpingectomy (using bipolar diathermy and scissors) was performed and effective hemostasis achieved. The histopathological examination of the excised right fallopian tube confirmed an ectopic pregnancy. The postoperative course was uneventful, with a hemoglobin level of 96g/L, and the patient was discharged on postoperative day 5 on hematinics.

Discussion

Heterotopic triplets in a natural cycle, with a tubal ectopic and coexisting twin intrauterine gestations, are very rare [1,2]. With increased uptake of assisted reproduction techniques the overall incidence is increasing, occurring to up to 1:100 in these patient subgroups [1,3]. It can encompass various clinical presentations including unilateral or bilateral tubal, cervical, abdominal, or ovarian pregnancies [4,5].

Risk factors for heterotopic pregnancy are similar to those predisposing to ectopic pregnancies. These include previous tubal damage from pelvic inflammatory disease, endometriosis or tubal surgery, as well as previous ectopic pregnancy, cigarette smoking, in vitro fertilization, gamete intrafallopian transfer, and ovulation induction [6-9]. Assessment of patients with the aforementioned risk factors should always highlight the potential of heterotopic pregnancy as a diagnosis. Nevertheless, the patient in our case report had no identifiable risk factors emphasizing the need to retain clinical vigilance to prevent overlooking rare diagnoses in the absence of risk factors.

The time of diagnosis of heterotopic pregnancy is quite variable, ranging from 5 to 34 weeks of gestation, with the majority of cases being diagnosed between 5 and 8 weeks of gestation [10]. Diagnosis is fraught with difficulty due to the asymptomatic nature of the condition. Timely diagnosis allows conservative management options to be considered and allows surgical management to be planned [11]. In the case of tubal heterotopic pregnancy, diagnosis is often made after tubal rupture and presentation with an acute abdomen, with few cases reported having been diagnosed prior to this [2]. Of note, vaginal bleeding is commonly absent in the clinical setting of heterotopic pregnancy presenting as tubal ectopic pregnancy, adding to the complexity of clinical diagnosis [3].

The principal diagnostic aid is transvaginal sonography (TVS), with a recent study by Li et al. [11] demonstrating 92.4% sensitivity and 100% specificity for the detection of heterotopic pregnancy in their patient cohort. However, there are conflicting reports with previous studies demonstrating lower sensitivities with TVS for detection of ectopic or heterotopic pregnancy. Some studies quote detection rates ranging between 41% and 84%. Systematic and repeated TVS studies may increase the detection rate [3,9,12]. Low sonographic detection rates of heterotopic pregnancy may be attributed to false reassurance given by the sonographic confirmation of an intrauterine pregnancy and subsequent limited sonographic adnexal examination for additional gestational sacs [3,10]. Furthermore, there is the added difficulty of differentiating between an anembryonic adnexal gestation sac and a hemorrhagic corpus luteal cyst, and repeat ultrasound to look for interval growth will confirm the diagnosis [13]. Ultrasonographic features that may increase detection of heterotopic pregnancy include an extrauterine gestational sac with fetal cardiac activity, fetal node, hyperechogenic ring surrounding the gestational sac, and an adnexal mass [6]. Clinicians should routinely consider early TVS in those women with known risk factors for heterotopic pregnancy to confirm pregnancy location. Serial serum β-hCG testing to look for the rapid rise in early pregnancy tends to be misleading in the diagnosis of heterotopic pregnancy as subnormal hormone production from the ectopic gestation may potentially be masked by the higher placental production from an intrauterine pregnancy and this cannot be relied upon [1,14].

Once diagnosis of heterotopic pregnancy has been made, the management is primarily surgical, although other modalities have been reported in the literature. First, there is the option in some cases for conservative management with spontaneous resolution [15]. However, this approach is fraught with danger due to the unstable nature of extrauterine gestations with the potential of rupture resulting in maternal hemodynamic compromise and jeopardy of intrauterine gestation(s). Adding to this is the lack of clear guidelines as to which patients are able to be safely managed expectantly and how they are best assessed for interval gestational growth and heterotopic pregnancy resolution. Medical management encompasses laparoscopic or TVS-guided injection of potassium chloride or hyperosmolar glucose into an intact ectopic or heterotopic gestational sac [16]. However, over half of those with tubal heterotopic gestations treated with this modality require subsequent salpingectomy, raising concerns about the effectiveness of such treatment for this patient subset [17]. It may be most of use in unusual extrauterine locations that are not as easily amenable to surgical approaches, such as cervical or caesarean section scar heterotopic pregnancies [18,19]. Other medical treatments, such as methotrexate or prostaglandins, used in the management of ectopic pregnancies are not suitable for use in heterotopic pregnancies due to adverse effects on concurrent intrauterine gestations [20].

The gold standard in management of heterotopic pregnancies is surgery via laparoscopy or laparotomy, with the surgical approach guided by the clinical scenario [1,10,21]. Laparoscopic approaches are preferred to open procedures except in cases of clinical shock with intra-abdominal hemorrhage where laparotomy may be the better suited procedure [10]. In our case report, we opted for laparoscopic salpingectomy as the patient was hemodynamically stable and amenable to a laparoscopic versus an open surgical approach. Current evidence shows that despite our best efforts, the intrauterine component of a heterotopic pregnancy has a higher likelihood of miscarriage than sole intrauterine pregnancies, although survival rates of intrauterine heterotopic pregnancies have improved over the past few decades with those that proceed to live birth demonstrating no significantly different rates of adverse birth outcomes [20,22].

Conclusion

Heterotopic pregnancy is a potentially life-threatening condition that, while being rare, potentially has grave implications for both the mother and fetus. High-risk groups warrant early pregnancy ultrasound as a part of routine antenatal care to enable early diagnosis and timely management [12]. However, an absence of risk factors should not equate to exclusion. As highlighted in our case above, it must remain at the forefront of a clinician’s diagnostic algorithm in all women as it may occur in the absence of risk factors in a natural conception cycle [1,2]. Despite it being a challenging diagnosis, clinical acumen along with skilled TVS and timely management is able to achieve optimal clinical outcomes [1,12].

For more articles in Open Access Journal of Case Studies please click on: https://juniperpublishers.com/jojcs/index.php

[suburbandiagnostics]

Why is a Dual Marker not done when one foetus is aborted in case of twin pregnancies?

If one foetus is aborted, we need to look for the foetal pole. If the foetal pole is present in the demised twin, the dual test is not possible as there will be production of substances (PAPP-A & Free βhCG) from the demised twin and the resulting interpretation will be erroneous. Foetal pole needs 8-9 weeks to close in cases where one foetus in aborted. If there is no foetal pole we can take the pregnancy as a singleton and the dual test can be processed.

Why do we report single risk in monochorionic twins although the CRL (Crown-rump Length) and NT (Nuchal Translucency) values are different?

Monochorionic twins originate from the same embryo, so they are assumed to be genetically identical although there is the difference in biometry.

What is the benefit of NT value measured using FMF (Fetal Medicine Foundation) guideline?

FMF guidelines provide a standardized methodology for NT measurement. This is paramount in maintaining the sensitivity of the combined screening as it contributes significantly (about 70% to the 91%) detection rate in the dual test.

What is Corrected MoMs?

Corrected MoMs are MoMs with weight corrections.

Weight correction should be applied to all analytes in Down’s syndrome screening

Evidence shows that weight correction improves the detection rate

Multiple median values can be significantly affected by weight correction

What is the importance of the sample collected on the DBS card over serum?

Free βhCG is more stable and intact on the DBS card. Also dissociation from free βhCG occurs slow on the DBS card.

Why is maternal screening not done between 14 and 15 week of gestation?

One of the most discriminating markers for NTD is AFP which is best accessed from the 15th week for the quadruple test. Hence, the window of the 14 to 15 week is not ideal for dual or quadruple test.

Why do we not report Patau syndrome (T13) in 2nd trimester screening?

Sensitivity of patau syndrome is very low in the 2nd trimester as pregnancies diagnosed with T13th end in miscarriages between 12 to 15 week of gestation.

What is the difference between LifeCycle software, ssdw, Austria and Prisca?

LifeCycle risk calculation engine is a comprehensive informatics package for maternal health monitoring and risk assessment. An accessible patient data management system is coupled with a flexible risk calculation engine, which can be configured to meet local variations. Because the system has been fully validated and all calculation methods, algorithms and values are supported by the current published literature, LifeCycle gives full confidence in a maternal risk assessment program.

Are there any insights on Pre-eclampsia (PIGF- PLACENTAL GROWTH FACTOR)?

Pre-eclampsia is a sudden increase in blood pressure and protein in the urine after the 20th week of pregnancy. Pre-eclampsia can lead to eclampsia, or convulsions, posing serious health implications for the mother and the baby. Symptoms of pre-eclampsia may include:

High blood pressure (≥140/90 mmHg)

Swelling in the face and hands (and feet, although swollen feet are common during pregnancy)

Weight gain of more than 2 kgs in a week

Other problems such as headache, blurred vision, abdominal pain and nausea

What is MAP & uAD and what is their relevance in PlGF test?

Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) – Accurate measurement of blood pressure in pregnant women is particularly important when attempting to identify early signs of pre-eclampsia. As a means of prediction, it has been suggested that the MAP, whether measured in the first or second trimester, is better than systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, or an increase of blood pressure. In clinical practice MAP measurement in the first trimester may not make a clinical impact in isolation but could be suitable for use with other markers, including maternal serum markers, to improve the accuracy for estimating the risk of pre-eclampsia.

Uterine Artery Doppler (uAD) – The uterine artery Doppler can be evaluated by direct visualization, i.e. examining the characteristics of the waveform to determine if nothing is present or absent, or by quantifying the waveform by measuring the blood flow velocity at peak systole (maximal contraction of the heart) and peak diastole (maximal relaxation of the heart). These values are then computed to derive a ratio. The most common approach is to measure the Resistance Index (RI) in which the peak of systole is divided by the sum of systole and diastole.

RI= systole/ (systole + diastole)

In early pregnancy, the peak flow at diastole is less than later in pregnancy. Therefore, as the duration of pregnancy increases, the amount of blood flowing in the umbilical artery increases during diastole.

[mcatmemoranda]

BPP = Biophysical Profile

BSUS = Bedside Ultrasound

CRL = Crown Rump Length

DA = Dating Age (2 weeks greater than GA)

EDC = Estimated Date of Confinement; the due date or estimated calendar date when a baby will be born.

EDD = Estimated Delivery Date

FEN = Fluids, Electrolytes, Nutrition

FWB = Fetal Wellbeing

GA = Gestational Age

IOL = Induction of Labor

LOF = Loss of Fluid

NST = Non-Stress Test

NT = Non-Tender

PNL = Prenatal Labs

SAB = Spontaneous Abortion

SCD = Sequential Compression Device

SSE = Sterile Speculum Exam

SVE = Sterile Vaginal Exam

TAB = Therapeutic Abortion

UPT = Urine Pregnancy Test

WWP = Warm, Well Perfused

[postolo]

Madras HC | Hostility of witnesses held immaterial where sequence of events are cogent and corroborate to each other

Madras High Court: Dr G. Jayachandran, J., dismissed a criminal appeal filed by the accused who was convicted by the trial court for the offence of ‘abetment of suicide’ punishable under Section 306 IPC.

As per the prosecution, the accused, a married man was very close to the deceased who committed suicide. He lived opposite to the house of the deceased and had close intimacy with her. He made sexual relations with the deceased and impregnated her. On coming to know about the pregnancy, the deceased went to the accused and asked her to marry him. After this, as per the mother of the deceased (a prosecution witness), the accused refused to marry her while blaming her character for the pregnancy and also scolded her to die. Subsequently, the deceased consumed Vasmol 33 hair oil which resulted in her death.

The appellant contended that the conviction against him was not proper as there was no evidence against him to prove abetment and attract ingredients of Section 306. It was also contended that there was no independent witness to prove the alleged intimacy between him and the deceased. It was also submitted that two of the independent witnesses turned hostile.

On perusal of the record and totality of the facts and circumstances of the case, the High Court was of the view that the judgment of conviction passed by the trial court could not be interfered with. As per the Court, in the case at hand, the sequence of events placed by the prosecution were cogent and corroborate to each other. In such a case, the Court held, the hostility of two of the prosecution witnesses (PWs 8 and 9) in no way dent the prosecution case, nor the close relationship between other prosecution witnesses throw any doubt upon its case. Consequently, the appeal was dismissed. [Dravidamani v. State (UT of Puducherry), Crl. Appeal No. 724 of 2011, decided on 21-02-2019]

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[healthyliving0101-blog]

Eradicating HCV.

    People are short on information and hence they do not know what and how to do when they are diagnosed with the dreadful contagion. Harvoni is the original drug with a combination of Sofosbuvir and Ledipasvir. The generic version of Harvoni is Hepcinat LP that is being sold in countries like India and Nepal. Hepatitis C can be conquered by the use of the drug, Hepcinat LP.

    Everyone by now knows that Hepcinat LP is quite effective on Hepatitis C condition and also prevents liver cirrhosis. But how does it exactly work?

    - Hepcinat Lp is the combination of two antivirals viz. Sofosbuvir (400mg) and Ledipasvir (90mg). Sofosbuvir diminishes the amount of Hepatitis C virus by terminating the viral duplication thus preventing liver damage. Ledipasvir modulates scads of Hepatitis C virus in the body and eliminates the virus from the blood eventually. This brings down the possibility of liver cirrhosis thus maintaining the health of the liver.

   - Hepcinat LP has side effects as well. These side effects are common for people using Hepcinat LP. The side effects include nausea, insomnia, headache, fatigue, and anemia. People usually think that an expensive product does not has any flaws and since a product is cheap it is prone to having flaws. Well, it is not necessary to be so in all the cases. Even Harvoni side effects and they are as same as that of Hepcinat LP’s side effect.

   - Hepcinat LP medication is probably safe to use for pregnant and lactating women. Hepcinat LP has been tested on various animals and the results show no harm being done to the unborn child or the nursing child of the animals. However, the tests were done human subjects are limited but still show negative results on the harm being done to the unborn baby or the lactating child. It is advised to consult your doctor before taking any kind of medication during pregnancy or when on the lactating stage.

  /crl�Y~���

[radiologymasterclass-blog]

How to Identify Fetal age and accurate Dating On 1st Trimester Using Ultrasound ? How to Estimate Fetal Age In First Trimester Sonar | Crown rump length (CRL) - Mean sac diameter (MSD) https://youtu.be/HmqY5na0dD4 ** Fetal Sonographic Measurements : 1- Gestational sac (GS) 2- Crown rump length (CRL) 3- Mean sac diameter (MSD)

#Obstetric #Training #Course : #Fetal #Sonographic #Measurements #Gestational age #Estimation #Gestational_sac ( #GS ) #Crown_rump_length ( #CRL ) #Mean_sac_diameter ( #MSD ) #Dating #fetus with #sonography on 1st #Trimester #Pregnancy #How_to #Fetal #Age #1stTrimester #pregnant #lady #Ultrasound #Measurement #ultrasonography #scan #baby #sonar #TVS #TVUS #EDUCATIONAL #VIDEO #Basic #radiology #us #usg #RadiologyMasterClass #RMC

[huakaih-blog]

How likely is the risk of an overdue pregnancy?

According to the time when the due date passed for several days, but why still no sign of baby to come out? It's nasty, mom. Due time, the admission of oxytocin, or wait until the natural ", this problem is actually the fruits fall off when ripe" entangled with many pregnant mother.

Pregnancy reaching or more than 42 weeks, referred to as overdue pregnancy. The incidence rate is about 5 ~ 12% of the total pregnancy. The overdue pregnancy does not belong to the normal range, its harm lies in can bring the adverse effect to the fetus, belongs to the high-risk pregnancy category.

Possible harm of an overdue pregnancy

1, may cause fetal hypoxia: prolonged pregnancy, due to aging of placenta, placental function decline, placental fetal oxygen supply will be reduced, can easily lead to intrauterine fetal anoxia, even death in severe. Even if it is born, its health is worse than normal childbirth, often because of dehydration, anemia, lung infection and other premature death.

2, amniotic fluid volume reduction: pregnancy, the uterus filled with amniotic fluid, fetal life in amniotic fluid, and thus amniotic fluid is the normal growth and development of the fetus external environment, amniotic fluid volume is normal, is one of the signs of pregnancy. Prolonged pregnancy, more than 42 weeks later, the amniotic fluid volume will be reduced, or even less than 100 ml.. Oligohydramnios is adverse to labor and can slow the opening of the uterus and prolong the first stage of labor.

3, the fetus prone to malnutrition: due to aging of the placenta, low functioning, fetal access to nutrients from the placenta is relatively inadequate, and even malnutrition. Fetal manifestations of subcutaneous fat is too little, the skin has wrinkles, hair and nails longer, and the appearance of "small old man" feeling. Due to lack of nutrition, pregnancy time is longer than normal, but the weight does not increase, but some decrease.

4, the possibility of surgical delivery increased: after the expiration of pregnancy, due to poor fetal condition, fetal skull and hard, the suture narrows, the birth of fetal head does not change to adapt to the birth canal, dystocia occurs. Therefore, more surgery is necessary to help delivery, and statistics show that 63.8% of the patients were operated.

An increase of 5, neonatal complications: according to clinical statistics, the pregnancy newborn complications than normal full-term pregnancy increased significantly, such as neonatal intracranial hemorrhage incidence rate can be as high as 25%, the incidence of aspiration pneumonia was 37%. Among them, the incidence of acidosis, such as acidosis, is also higher.

After the expected date of childbirth, what should you do?

1. Confirm the expected date of childbirth

For those mothers who still have no signs of birth for the next 40 weeks, it is advisable to rush to the hospital and ask the doctor to confirm whether the due date is correct.

The doctor will ask you the date of your last menstruation and calculate the expected date of birth by month -3 and date +7. Now a lot of women because of irregular menstrual cycle, or a longer period, and even can not remember, so "menstrual algorithm" sometimes need correction, or use ultrasonic CRL to further confirm the pre production period, high degree of accuracy.

2. Do more exercise during pregnancy

Although the cause of the overdue pregnancy is uncertain, most obstetricians think it is related to the physical condition of the mother and the proper exercise in the latter part of pregnancy. Therefore, to the late pregnancy (especially over 37 weeks after birth), if everything is normal (including fetal weight more than 2500 grams, the mother had no pregnancy complications), the mother to do the upcoming production preparation, you can do the following exercise:

* walk for more than 30 minutes every day. (for all expectant mothers)

* slow up every day, several times. (suitable for mothers who do not pant too much and do not cause abnormal contractions)

* feet touch, sitting cross legged. (the purpose is to train the pelvic cavity and help produce it naturally)

3, 40-41 weeks to monitor the situation of the fetus

If you are already in the pre production period is between 40-41 weeks of pregnancy, in addition to the next day to the hospital for routine examination, everyday early, middle and late baby also monitoring fetal movement. Every 1 hours, 3 hours total by 4 to get 12 hours of fetal times, if 12 hours a total of less than 10 times that of fetal hypoxia. The normal fetal heart rate is 120~160 beats per minute, which is higher than or lower than that of the fetus. If the fetal heart rate is less than 120 beats per minute, it may indicate fetal distress and should be treated at the hospital immediately.

4, 41 weeks pregnant, you can go to the hospital induced spawning

Oxytocin can be said to be the last key to natural birth mother, the past 42 weeks to think the obstetric doctors need to do for oxytocin mothers, but now Medicine found that after 42 weeks of placenta mothers may have aging (48% people have is third), the poor, less amniotic fluid in fact, this time, the effect of oxytocin and the poor, so now as long as 40 weeks can not produce oxytocin.

Xiao Bian prompt: before the birth of the birth, the mother is best to fasting for several hours, so that the stomach emptying of food. Because in the birth process, some mothers have vomiting phenomenon; on the other hand, in the process of birth is also often due to acute fetal distress and caesarean operation, and emptying of the stomach to reduce vomiting anesthesia.